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1

van Schoubroeck, Caroline. "Traffic Accident Compensation in Belgium: An Example for Europe?" Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 10, no. 2 (2003): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x0301000205.

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On June 10, 2002 the European Commission adopted a proposal for a new Motor Insurance Directive. One of the goals of this proposal is to ensure that pedestrians and cyclists are covered by the compulsory insurance of the vehicle involved in the accident. Examples of legislation which has already sought to do so includes the French law (Loi Badinter in France) and Swedish law. It may be less well-known that Article 29bis of the Belgian Act of 21 November 1989 on the insurance against civil liability regarding the use of motor vehicles is another example of national legislation providing such co
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2

Keršuliene, Violeta. "THE LEGISLATION APPROACH OF THE THIRD PARTY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR CONSTRUCTION DESIGNERS AND CONTRACTORS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 11, no. 3 (2005): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2005.9637698.

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Compulsory Third Party Liability Insurance is ranked as one of the most risky kinds of insurance. In the course of introducing the compulsory Third Party Liability Insurance for construction designers and contractors in Lithuania the experience of foreign countries was used for setting the insurance object, the criteria for the insured events and the third party rights for insisting on liability (restitution) for damages. The article analyses the provisions of law of construction and by‐laws regulating compulsory Third Party Liability Insurance for construction designers and contractors as wel
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3

Broslavskiy, Lazar I. "Oil Spill and Environmental Security: Russian Law Improvement Issues." Ecological law 6 (December 17, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3775-2020-6-20-25.

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The article discusses the issues of improving legislation on liability for causing environmental harm, insurance of this liability and the development of a law on the environmental safety of production, transportation and storage of oil and oil products.
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4

Davey, James. "By Insurers, For Insurers: The UK’s Liability Regime for Autonomous Vehicles." Journal of Tort Law 13, no. 2 (2020): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtl-2020-2010.

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AbstractThe United Kingdom has enacted legislation to govern the liability of highly autonomous vehicles. The chosen method is peculiar, with liability placed on motor (auto) insurers despite the lack of a corresponding liability on road users. This article seeks to explain why the UK government was so invested in maintaining mass market motor insurance policies (instead of a system based on motor manufacturer liability) and suggests that the answer lies in insurers’ desire to harvest customer data. We are the product.
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5

Sviatotska, V. O. "ENSURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE STANDARDS AND SPECIALIZATION OF LAWYERS: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ASPECT." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 05 (December 5, 2019): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391981.

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The article analyzes the implementation at national and European levels of two of the main standards of advocacy – professional liability insurance and specialization. National legislation is being analyzed, which sets out provisions on professional liability insurance and the specialization of lawyers. The imperfection of the national legislation in this field and the non-compliance with the European standards are proved. In particular, the Law of Ukraine "On Insurance" is analyzed, the Draft Law on Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine (concerning compulsory insurance of the professional lia
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Kurchinskaya-Grasso, Natalia Olegovna, Elena Petrovna Goryacheva, Igor Viktorovich Popov, Anastasia Viktorovna Abramova, and Viacheslav Aleksandrovich Pechkurov. "Legal regulation of property insurance and law enforcement problems." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110801012.

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In the context of modern economic and legal reality, property insurance plays an important role in civil-law relations. For the present, Russian citizens, individual entrepreneurs and commercial entities witness an increasing need for a firm guarantee of protection of property interests linked with performing different types of activities and as well with maintaining a certain standard of living. Analysis of legislation in force reveals some gaps in the legal regulation of insurance institutions as a whole as well as a property insurance contract in particular, that conditions much judicial co
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Gasanov, Amid. "Criminal liability for insurance fraud in the Romano-German legal system." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411032.

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The article is devoted to the issue of fighting insurance fraud in the states of Romano-German legal system. The aim of the work is to study the experience of the states of Romano-German legal system in field of fighting insurance fraud. For the analysis of foreign criminal law, the comparative legal method was used. In addition, study was carried out using formal logical, dialectical method of cognition of social and legal phenomena, as well as methods of induction and deduction. Based on the study of legislative separate states, the author notes a number of specific features of development o
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8

Tropskaya, S. S. "Consideration of Disputes in the Field of Motor Third-Party Liability Insurance." Rossijskoe pravosudie 7 (June 25, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2021.7.51-57.

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Motor third-party liability insurance is one of the most common and complex insurance disputes. This is due to the high level of conflict in the MTPL insurance sphere, as well as frequent changes in current legislation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the practice of applying the most ambiguous provisions of the legislation on MTPL insurance. The tasks are: consideration of the positions of the courts on the application of provisions on MTPL insurance policies; on insurance payments; on pre-trial dispute settlement. The main method in the article is the concrete sociological method.
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9

Lewis, Richard. "Insurance and the tort system." Legal Studies 25, no. 1 (2005): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2005.tb00272.x.

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This article examines Stapleton's view that insurance has lacked influence and been no more than a ‘makeweight’ argument in the development of tort liability. Looking at the wider context, the article describes the overwhelming importance of insurers to the litigation system and argues that all cases are affected by insurance practice. It distinguishes the effect of insurance upon judicial fact finding, on the one hand, and the development of common law rules, on the other. It examines the ability of insurers to influence legislation relevant to the tort system. It concludes that, if account i
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10

Vilchyk, Tetyana. "DUTIES OF A LAWYER TO A COURT AND TO A CLIENT." Russian Law Journal 6, no. 4 (2018): 62–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2018-6-4-62-99.

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The article provides a comparison of legislation of the United States, Australia, the EU and Ukraine regulating the legal status of a lawyer in the administration of justice mechanism, as well as an analysis the correlation of his duties to the court and to the client. The author recommends that a lawyer not act in a manner that best serves the interests of the client since this will put the course of justice and public confidence in the profession in a vulnerable position; attorneys have to inform clients that their duty to the court is of paramount importance. In case of improper performance
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Padovan, Adriana Vincenca, and Margita Selan Voglar. "Marina Operator Liability Insurance in Croatian and Slovenian Law and Practice." Transactions on Maritime Science 8, no. 1 (2019): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v08.n01.011.

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The paper deals with marina operator liability insurance (hereinafter: MOLI) in the context of Croatian and Slovenian insurance law and business practice. The authors analyse, discuss and compare the salient features of MOLI contracts, their standard terms and conditions, scope of coverage and exclusions in Croatian and Slovenian law. The paper describes the relevant business practice in the two Adriatic countries. The analysis is based on the comparative study of the relevant national legislation and private regulation, as well as on the data and documentation gathered by field research, cons
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Qehaja, Dr Sc Rrustem. "Exclusions from Insurance Coverage of Motor Liability – Case of Kosovo." ILIRIA International Review 4, no. 2 (2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v4i2.44.

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The aim of this paper is to elaborate on exceptions from the insurance coverage of motor liability in the Kosovo legislation, which is a rather delicate matter both in law and practice, in court law and legal doctrine, both national and international. Also, another aim is to recognize the differences between the loss and exceptions to insurance coverage in motor vehicle liability in terms of third parties. For more, insurance coverage and the components of exclusion are the focus of this paper.Knowing that the matter addressed by this paper is rather complex and wide, within the bounds of poss
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Mervartová, Jana. "Compensation for industrial injuries and occupational diseases." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040151.

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According to the current legislation in the Labour Code the employer’s liability for personal injury resulting from industrial injury or disease is objective, i.e. liability for result. Employer has always an obligation to pay damages if the employer has not liberated himself from no-fault liability. In terms which are explicitly defined by the Labour Code the employer can relieved from fully liability or in part. The injured party is entitled to compensation for loss of earnings and compensation for pain and diminished social capability, and compensation for reasonably incurred expenses relat
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Kratenko, M. V., and O. J. Luik. "Modern Concept of Indemnity Insurance and Prospects for Its Implementation in Russian Law." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 50 (2020): 762–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2020-50-762-786.

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Introduction: the division of insurance into indemnity insurance and insurance of fixed sums is as common in European legal doctrine as the differentiation between property and personal insurance in Russian law. The article investigates the functions and main features of indemnity insurance and modern trends in legal regulation of this type of insurance. Purpose: to demonstrate the evolution of the compensation insurance model, caused, among other things, by the penetration of the pro-consumer approach in insurance law; to assess the current state of Russian legislation on insurance contract a
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15

Goncharova, A. A. "Some Triable Issues in Disputes between Subjects of Insurance of the Developer’s Civil Liability." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 1 (2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.122.1.091-098.

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The paper explores the contradictions in judicial practice arising in the consideration of disputes between insurers and citizens — participants of share building. The objective of the paper is to identify the essence of the emerging disagreements between the subjects and determine their nature. The analysis takes into account changes in legislation affecting the field of share building. The author relies on the data of current jurisprudence. The author considers as the most common disagreements the applicability of consumer protection legislation to the relationships between the insurer and t
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Gytis, Andrulionis, and Dominique Sprumont. "The Importance of National Laws in the Implementation of European Legislation of Biomedical Research." European Journal of Health Law 12, no. 3 (2005): 245–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180905774857952.

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AbstractThe industrialization and internationalization of biomedical research is not without consequences on the regulation of research or, at least, on the interpretation of that regulation. As more research is done at the international level, the pharmaceutical industry and the research community are calling for a harmonized regulation to limit the administrative burden of controlling clinical trials and to fasten the R&D process. The purpose of this paper is to analyse briefly the role of the national laws in that process. Part I will outline the structure and the nature of the internat
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17

Nicholson, Frances. "Implementation of the Immigration (Carriers’Liability) Act 1987: Privatising Immigration Functions at the Expense of International Obligations?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 3 (1997): 586–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060814.

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It is now a decade since the United Kingdom, along with Germany and Belgium, followed the policy of traditional countries of immigration, such as the United States, Canada and Australia, and introduced legislation which provides for the imposition of fines on carriers for bringing in passengers with incorrect papers.1The Immigration (Carriers' Liability) Act 1987 (“the Act”)2imposed fines on carriers of £1,000 for each illegal entrant brought to the United Kingdom. This fine was doubled in August 1991 and two years later extended to cover passengers without transit visas where these were requi
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18

Kvanina, V., A. Spiridonova, and A. Tikhomirova. "FITNESS CENTER LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF FITNESS SERVICES CONSUMERS." Human Sport Medicine 19, S2 (2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s217.

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Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the most effective mechanism for ensuring the responsibility of fitness centers for harm caused to consumers as a result of providing fitness services that do not meet safety requirements. Materials and methods. The work examines the norms of the Russian legislation regulating the activities of fitness centers in terms of ensuring safety of fitness services, materials of judicial practice in disputes related to compensation for harm caused to consumers when providing fitness services, and the experience of foreign countries. The research methodolo
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19

Nikolaeva, Zhanna A. "ON THE DEFECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE CONCEPT OF LIABILITY FOR TAX OFFENCES." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 15, no. 1 (2020): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2020-15-1-nikolaeva.

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The author analyzes the content of interrelated tax norms, administrative and criminal laws, which constitute the concept of liability for tax offences. The analysis makes it possible to identify the elements that cause non-compliance with the foundations of legal liability in criminal proceedings: its inevitability, equality of everyone before the law and the court, justice. Representatives of small and medium- sized businesses are placed in unequal, discriminatory circumstances in comparison with large businesses. In addition, the legislation on taxes and fees contains provisions which creat
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20

Szasz, Paul C. "The United Nations Legislates to Limit its Liability." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 3 (1987): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202029.

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By now everyone in the United States, certainly every lawyer, must be conscious of the tort liability crisis and the consequent liability insurance crisis. Private individuals, businesses, not-for-profit enterprises and even governmental units, from school boards to the federal Government, are finding that the damages they have to pay or their insurance costs are skyrocketing, sometimes catastrophically or even cripplingly; as a result, worthwhile events must be canceled and valuable facilities are idled. Although it may be thought that these mundane concerns cannot affect an international org
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HOOD, JOHN. "The Social, Economic and Political Issues Surrounding Employers' Liability Insurance in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 34, no. 2 (2005): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940400858x.

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It has long been recognised in both the UK and in other countries that society has an obligation to compensate workers who are injured or who suffer ill health through the course of their employment. The most common means of society ensuring this is by government legislation requiring employers to fund a variety of insurance schemes.This article explores the situation which has recently prevailed in the UK. The system of insurance which has historically dealt with the question of an employer's liability to pay compensation has been in a state of turmoil, and a diverse range of stakeholders hav
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22

Mrvić-Petrović, Nataša. "Right to compensation of damage arising from traffic accident in the legislation of the countries in transition." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 71, no. 12 (1999): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9907210m.

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By comparative analysis of the bases of liability for damages and the scope of the right to compensation for damages arising from traffic accidents existing in the legislation of the countries that are undergoing transition, the author reaches a conclusion that the process of overcoming the disadvantages of the former legislative solutions is going on slowly and that significant differences are noticed in respect of the level of protection of the injured person. In comparison to these jurisdictions, the present Yugoslav law, especially the solutions accepted in court practice, prove to be much
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NINGRUM, LESTARI. "The Linkage of the Board of Directors and the Status of Aviation Industry Licensing Law." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 3, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v3i1.138.

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Aviation business is a capital intensive and high risk in terms of safety. Legislation in force in Indonesia requires enterprises should cost in the form of a limited liability company that is obliged to deposit the basic capital of 500 billion rupiah. The capital cannot be made in working capital which is useful for the collateral to a third party. The regulations for a limited liability company are to be established by at least 2 people. The purpose of this research is to analyze the linkage of the board directors and the status of aviation industry licensing law. The position of the legal s
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Tūbaitė-Stalauskienė, Asta. "Small Satellites: National Regulatory Challenges." Teisė 111 (February 20, 2019): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2019.111.11.

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[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
 This article analyses the regulation of space activities, especially small satellites activities. Its purpose is to analyse the relevant international legal framework and discuss the possible future national space legislation in Lithuania. It has been divided into two chapters. Chapter 1 summarises the relevant international space law and addresses essential aspects related to the authorisation of space activities, registration of objects launched into outer space, liability issues, insurance requirements and debris mitigation i
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Kaja, Iwona, Anna Wawrzeniecka, and Zdzisława Cwalińska - Weychert. "New Tasks of the Insurance Guarantee Fund Imposed by the Act on the Special Rights of Injured Persons in the Event of Exhaustion of the Guarantee Sum." Prawo Asekuracyjne 1, no. 102 (2020): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9118.

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The present article discusses the genesis and development of the law introducing a new special pension benefit for the victims after the guarantee amount has been exhausted in the insurance contracts against liability of the users of motor vehicles and liability of farmers, under which the victims have received their pension benefits so far. Moreover, the new tasks of the Insurance Guarantee Fund defined by this act have been presented. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the new regulation has been carried out, examining both the circle of persons entitled to apply for new benefits and the c
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Kilcullen, Jack K. "Groping for the Reins: ERISA, HMO Malpractice, and Enterprise Liability." American Journal of Law & Medicine 22, no. 1 (1996): 7–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010285.

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As Canada approaches the end of its first decade of government-run health care with universal coverage and controlled costs, the majority in the United States Congress has proposed repealing the federal guarantee of health coverage to poor and disabled persons embodied in Medicaid. This somber turn in the history of American health care comes only a few years after an optimistic President Clinton resurrected the efforts of Presidents Truman and Nixon to establish universal coverage. Clinton’s own party quashed his Health Security Act prior to any formal debate. Characterizing the plan as Byzan
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Spengler, John, and Selina Stasi. "Accessing Minnesota School Administrators’ Knowledge and Perceptions Related to Sharing School Play Spaces after the Passage of Minnesota Shared Use Legislation." Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living 1, no. 1 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51250/jheal.v1i1.3.

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Lower levels of physical activity among children in the United States can be attributed in part to the lack of access to safe, low-cost recreational facilities. Shared use, or a partnership allowing the community to use school recreational facilities outside of normal hours, has received increased attention. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of knowledge among school decision makers about a law passed clarifying liability for school shared use in Minnesota and to understand perceptions held by school decision makers regarding shared use of recreational faciliti
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Goncharova, A. A. "The Issue of Determining the Amount of Insurance Compensation if the Insured Event Accurs under the Developer’s Civil Liability Insurance Contract." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 2 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.123.2.039-046.

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The author considers different ways for determining the amount of insurance compensation to be paid to the participant of shared-quity construction in case of occurrence of an insured event in the form of recognition of the developer’s insolvency (bankruptcy) or foreclosure of a collateral. The purpose of the paper is to identify approaches to the determination of this amount used by insurers at different stages of implementation of the mechanism of the developer’s civil liability insurance and to analyze these approaches’ legality. The author analyzes actual jurisprudence in cases involving i
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Dyadichko, Vadym. "Some features of the criminal law regulation of liability for sexual abuse against children in some European countries." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4, no. 4 (2020): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-329-335.

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There is the search for optimal ways to improve domestic legislation in terms of criminal liability for sexual abuse of children by analyzing the latest changes and additions to the Criminal Code of some European countries. One such way is to criminalize such an act as "cybergrooming". The analysis of the relevant criminal law of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Spain has allowed to conclude that the approach of the legislator of the Republic of Bulgaria to the regulation of criminal liability for "cybergrooming" seems to be worth worth studying its practical
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Syngaivska, Inna. "Foreign experience of reglamentation of criminal responsibility for coercion to marriage." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 2(31) (July 30, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2020-2(31)-5.

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The unification of criminal legislation is the most powerful method of international law influencing on national criminal-law systems. In accordance with the comparative legal researching of the criminal liability regulation is the accumulation of law-making practice experience in counteracting of a particular crime, in our research – counteracting of coercion to wedlock. Ukraine hasn’t ratified the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Violence against Women and domestic violence; Istanbul Convention (hereinafter referred to as the «Istanbul Convention») yet, but a n
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Mrozowska - Bartkiewicz, Beata. "The Status of a Manufacturer of an Insurance Product and the Agency Activity." Prawo Asekuracyjne 1, no. 102 (2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9086.

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Following the principles of IDD, the Act of 15 December 2017 on insurance distribution introduced the concept of “‘a manufacturer of an insurance product” into Polish insurance practice and legislation. Obtaining the status of an insurance product manufacturer involves the responsibility for the design of this product, the necessity to maintain the process of the insurance product governance as well as the obligation to review and examine whether the product is not defective. Clearly and automatically, an insurance undertaking is a manufacturer of an insurance product. Nevertheless, in certain
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Hobbie, Richard, and Andrew J. Garger. "OIL SPILLS AND CRIMINAL SANCTIONS: AN INSURER'S PERSPECTIVE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (2001): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-825.

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ABSTRACT Criminal sanctions are an acceptable deterrent used to combat deliberate dumping of oil and other intentional environmental misconduct. Since insuring against intentional criminal acts is against public policy, pollution insurers have not provided coverage. The growing use of strict liability and negligence statutes by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and other law enforcement agencies, and the corresponding lower culpability level necessary for criminal liability, however, have resulted in insurance coverage being developed for certain criminal liabilities. New issues are now facing t
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Et. al., Nadia Yas ,. "Implications of Compulsory Car Accident Insurance Comparative Study." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 2410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2052.

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Compulsory civil liability insurance on car accidents is one of the most important topics, which aims to achieve traffic safety and reduce car accidents. Today, car accidents constitute a great danger to human life as they cause different types of physical and moral damages. This study, however, attempts to highlight the effectiveness of compulsory insurance in providing legal protection for damages resulting from car accidents. Such protection can be achieved through the process of creating legal mechanism to enable injured people to refer to insurance companies. It is quite apparent that nob
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Gwoździewicz, Sylwia. "THE MINORS IN PENAL SYSTEMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3758.

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In foreign jurisdictions, various models of responsibility for juvenile offenses are adopted. In many countries, like Poland, entirely separate regulations in this field are adopted (England and Wales, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Spain, Ireland, Germany, Scotland, Switzerland, Sweden). In other countries like (Slovakia, Belarus, Estonia, Greece to 2003, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine), there are specific rules of responsibility of minors included in criminal codes and codes of criminal proceedings. Different solutions in this regard are partly due to the di
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Ball, Simon. "Liabilities of industry stakeholders for pollution caused in Australian waters." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10099.

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There is no doubt that the recent Montara and Deepwater Horizon oil spills were catastrophic; the clean up continues and litigation is likely to drag on for several years. Who is held liable for the cost and clean up of an oil pollution event? Are these spills likely to change the field—if so, in what ways? Will the present contracting and insurance practices of Australian industry players be sufficient to protect them in the future? Offshore petroleum and gas production activities are covered by a range of sometimes confusing international, federal and state or territory laws. Operators, dire
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Fellmeth, Robert C., Bridget Fogarty Gramme, and C. Christopher Hayes. "Cartel Control of Attorney Licensure and the Public Interest*." British Journal of American Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (2019): 193–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjals-2019-0006.

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Abstract The purpose of regulating any profession is to assure competent practitioners, particularly where its absence can cause irreparable harm. Regulatory “licensing” ideally achieves such assurance, while at the same time avoiding unnecessary supply constriction. The latter can mean much higher prices and an inadequate number of practitioners. Regrettably, the universal delegation to attorneys of the power to regulate themselves has led to a lose/lose system lacking protection from incompetent practice while also diminishing needed supply. The problem is manifest in four regulatory flaws:
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Birishik, Faik. "INSURANCE COVERAGE IN CIVIL LIABILITY OF MOTOR VEHICLES OWNERS’ COMPULSORY INSURANCE (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY AND THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN)." InterConf, August 1, 2021, 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.07.2021.022.

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Both Turkish and Azerbaijani legislation requires motor vehicle owners to enter into a contract of compulsory civil liability insurance. The list of vehicles with compulsory civil liability insurance to third parties is reflected in Article 50.2 of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on “Compulsory Insurance”. A similar list of vehicles with compulsory civil liability insurance is reflected in the Law of the Republic of Turkey “On Motor Roads”. Losses included in the coverage area of the insurance contract on compulsory civil liability insurance of motor vehicle owners are classified in the
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Muneer Ali Hulaiel. "Obligations of beneficiary and arising rights in the insurance contract – A Comparative, analytical study –: الأساس القانوني لمسؤولية المؤمن له الناشئة عن عقد التأمين – دراسة مقارنة –". مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 5, № 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.h040520.

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In this study, the obligations of the beneficiary and his rights to the insurance contract were dealt with as an impact on the insurance contract, which is of interest at present, which is not comparable to any different types and forms of insurance, indicating that the legislation in question has intervened and imposed some types of legal provisions, as in the case of insurance from liability arising from traffic accidents. This is due to the mandatory insurmountably of each vehicle owner, given the risks caused by the damage caused by vehicle accidents and the financial consequences of those
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39

Wolaver, Amy M., and Christopher S. Magee. "The Effects of Political Action Committee Contributions on Medical Liability Legislation." Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy 6, no. 1 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1544.

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Abstract This paper examines representatives' voting on the HEALTH Act of 2003, which proposed a limit on noneconomic damages in medical malpractice lawsuits. The estimates show that the more campaign contributions a representative received from law firm PACs, the less likely he or she was to vote for the bill, while money from insurance and health care industry PACs increased the likelihood of an aye vote. These effects remain after controlling for the endogeneity of campaign contributions. Other factors affecting voting decisions include party affiliation, representative ideology, whether or
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40

Pritchard, A. C., and Janis P. Sarra. "Securities Class Actions Move North: A Doctrinal and Empirical Analysis of Securities Class Actions in Canada." Alberta Law Review, June 1, 2010, 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr173.

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The article explores securities class actions involving Canadian issuers since the provinces added secondary market class action provisions to their securities legislation. It examines the development of civil liability provisions, and class proceedings legislation and their effect on one another. Through analyses of the substance and framework of the statutory provisions, the article presents an empirical and comparative examination of cases involving Canadian issuers in both Canada and the United States. In addition, it explores how both the availability and pricing of director and officer i
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Abernikhina, Iryna, and Nataliia Valeniuk. "SPECIFICITY OF INSURANCE SERVICES OF CONSTRUCTION AND MOUNTING INDUSTRY." Pryazovskyi Economic Herald, no. 2(25) (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/2522-4263/2021-2-27.

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The article investigates the features of installation and construction risks insurance. It is found that relations in the field of insurance in Ukraine are regulated by the Law of Ukraine "On Insurance", but this regulatory act does not contain special provisions for construction insurance. It is emphasized that insurance in the field of construction includes a set of risks related to several branches of insurance. Objects of installation and construction risks insurance by relevant branches of insurance are identified. The types of insurance programmes in construction developed by world pract
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42

"Air Travel Compensation Procedure." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (2019): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k2264.1081219.

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The article is aimed at analyzing the legal means of protecting the interests of air transportation service recipients. The main emphasis will be placed on the analysis of the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention provisions reflecting the freedom-of-contract doctrine since the air travel compensation procedure is not regulated by the national Russian legislation. As a result of the analysis, the conclusion was made that individuals, for example, in the case of harm causation, have the right to choose according to the law of which country the compensation should be paid to them. Separa
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