Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Liaison C-H'
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Rey-Rodriguez, Romain. "Fonctionnalisation directe métallo-catalysée de liaison C-H d’énamides." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2005/document.
Full textThe aim of this Ph.D thesis was the development of new synthetic methods for the metal-catalysed direct CH functionalization of enamide with chemo-, regio- and possible enantioselectivity. First, we have developped a C3-selective trifluoromethylation of enamide with Fe (II) catalyst involving new sources of fluoride (Togni’s reagent II) with a radical mechanism. Secondly, two new synthetic methods with Fe(II) and Fe(III) were promoted for the selective azidation of enamides respectively at C2 and C3 position involving difunctionalization of the C=C double bond. β-azido alcohols and α-azido esters were then synthesized by controlling the diastereoselectivity for the trans isomer. Finally, studies on the reactivity of nitrenes on enamides allowed us to develop oxyamidation reaction and CH amination with a selective insertion of nitrenes respectively on the double bond C=C or at C4 position. The outcome of the reaction is highly substrate-dependent and several γ-amino enamides and β-amino ethers have been synthesized
Quint, Valentin. "Formation de liaison C-P par fonctionnalisation de liaison C-H sans métal de transition : aspects snthétiques et mécanistiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC219/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the successful development of three modes of activation for the formation of Carbon–Phosphorus bonds under mild conditions and without the use of transition metals.First, a regioselective phosphorylation of pyridines has been developed via a sequential process consisting of the activation of the pyridine with a Lewis acid (BF3) followed by oxidative aromatization mediated by chloranil. The characterization of the Meisenheimer complex enabled to confirm the proposed reaction mechanism. Next, we developed a straightforward approach for the synthesis of benzo[b]phospholes from the reaction of secondary phosphine oxides and alkynes in the presence of an organic oxidant and eosin Y as a catalyst. Apart from the broad scope of this reaction, extensive mechanistic investigations, including EPR, NMR, steady state photolysis permitted the elucidation of the mechanism of this photoreaction. It has been suggested that the oxidant and the photocatalyst come together to form a ground state charge transfer complex that is the driving force of the photocatalyzed process. Finally, we developed a metal-free photoinduced approach for the phosphorylation of anilines and related structures. The reaction proceeded through the formation of an electron donor acceptor complexes between anilines derivatives (electron donors) and N–ethoxypyridinium (electron acceptor). Scope and limitations of this process are discussed along with detailed mechanistic studies
Mégret, Claire. "Détermination par des calculs DFT de la relation entre énergies de liaison H-C et M-C : Vers une évaluation du contrôle thermodynamique de la sélectivité d'activation C-H." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20061.
Full textRoudesly, Fares. "Fonctionnalisation C-H dirigée d'hétérocycles azotés." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS354.
Full textThis thesis work has brought its contribution the field of C-H activation / functionalization of nitrogenous containing rings as pyridine and pyrrole. First, we developed a strategy for a Pd- catalyzed regioselective allylation and alkenylation of azine N-oxides. The scope of this reactivity has been studied. Experimental studies and DFT calculations allowed us to propose a mechanism for the allylation and isomerization steps. We propose that the C-H activation step is the rate determining step of the catalytic cycle, and that it takes place through an outer sphere deprotonation / palladation mechanism. Next, we applied the Murai reaction to 2-pyrrole- carboxaldehyde derivatives using a Ru(0) complex. Under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide, we could obtain the acylated products in the presence of various vinylsilanes and styrenes. The application of this reactivity to other 2-pyrrole carboxaldehyde derivatives is under study in the laboratory
Barde, Etienne. "Catalyse au cobalt : applications en couplages croisés et en activation/fonctionnalisation de liaison C-H." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET019.
Full textOrganic synthesis has been making outstanding recent progress because of the use of transition-metal catalysis into laboratory routine. Among different metals involved in catalysis, cobalt is interesting because of its low cost and toxicity but also because of its unique reactivity.During this thesis, cross-coupling and C—H bond activation reactions using cobalt complexes as catalysts were investigated.A simple catalytic system composed of diphosphine ligand and a cost-effective cobalt salt allowed us to functionnalize α-haloamides using Grignard reagents. A large variety of amides and Grignard reagents (aryl-, vinyl-, alkynyl-) were successfully tested, generating an interesting library of α-functionnalized amides.Moreover, simple cobalt salts were engaged in the activation of the C—H bond of benzamides for the aminoarylation of alkylidene cyclopropanes. Under mild conditions, original and polycyclic molecules were obtained in a single step.These results obtained in two different domains treated in this thesis demonstrate the high potential of simple cobalt salt in catalysis
Vabre, Roxane. "Fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C-H et couplages croisés pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N : synthèse de purines 6,8,9-trisubstituées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923198.
Full textLEBRETON, HAQUETTE CAROLE. "Activation de la liaison c-h des alcanes par des complexes du rhodium (i)." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066614.
Full textBoultadakis, Arapinis Mélissa. "Fonctionnalisation de la liaison C-H anomérique des sucres par insertion de carbène : Un nouvel accès aux cétopyranosides." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P640/document.
Full textDue to the major roles of carbohydrates in numerous physiopathological processes, it is essential to develop new chemical tools for glycobiology. A new approach, consisting in the selective functionalization of the anomeric C-H bond of carbohydrates by insertion of a metal-carbene, has been developed, thus offering a new access toward α- and β-ketopyranosides. This is based on the use of a key bromoacetate grafted at position 2 of the sugar, which is the corner stone of a stereoselective glycosylation/diazotransfer/functionalization sequence. Indeed, this group firstly controls the stereoselctivity of the glycosylation step by anchimeric assistance; then, it allows the convenient installation of the carbene precursor to promote quaternarization of the anomeric position. The validation of the concept on model methyl-glycosides has allowed its application on disaccharides. In addition, the sequence has shown good tolerance toward many protecting groups commonly used in carbohydrate chemistry. On the basis of mechanistic studies involving deuterium labeled substrates and DFT calculations, we have shown that this functionalization step follows a concerted or stepwise process depending on the equatorial or axial orientation of the anomeric C-H bond, respectively
Herrbach, Audrey. "Synthèse atroposélective d'un analogue du rhazinilame et nouvelle réaction d'activation de liaison C-H catalytique." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112138.
Full text(-)-Rhazinilam (-)-1 is an alkaloid artifact isolated from various Apocynaceae. It was found to have unique antimitotic properties, with in-vitro inhibition of both microtubules assembly and disassembly. As a consequence, rhazinilam shows significant in-vitro cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines. In the course of a study directed toward the synthesis of rhazinilam analogues, we found that biphenylcarbamate (-)-2 has a 2-fold activity of microtubules assembly and disassembly compared to 1, with a similar cytotoxicity. Compound 2 possesses a tricyclic structure encompassing an axially chiral biphenyl subunit and a nine-membered lactam ring. A short and efficient synthesis of (-)-2 is described in this report. The key step is an intermolecular atropo-enantioselective Suzuki cross-coupling furnishing a non-bridged thermally sensitive biphenyl precursor of (-)-2, with a ee of 40 % using a chiral binaphthyl ligand. Several new phosphine ligands were synthesised during this study, some of which having interesting activity on the atroposelective Suzuki cross-coupling. The 40 % enantioselectivity, which remains constant throughout the end of the synthesis, allowed the obtention of the target compound (-)-2 (ee = 92%) by a final recrystallisation and with an overall yield of 9 % for seven steps. This work gives the first application of the asymmetric Suzuki coupling to a biologically relevant target. In the course of this study, a new type of palladium-catalysed C(sp^3)-H activation of benzylic gem-dialkyl groups of bromobenzenes furnishing olefins and cyclobutabenzenes was discovered. After optimising the experimental conditions, this reaction was applied on different substrates and especially deuterated bromides, which allowed us to propose a five or a six-membered palladacycle intermediate for this reaction depending on the product
Zhao, Liqin. "Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation via sp² and sp³ C-H activation of hetero(aromatics) and hydrocarbons for C-C bond formation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S038/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, we were interested in the sp² and sp³ C-H bond activation catalyzed by palladium catalysts for the preparation of (hetero)aryl-aryls and biaryls. This method is considered as cost effective and environmentally attractive compared to the classical couplings such as Suzuki, Heck, or Negishi. First we described the palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of benzothiophene in the absence of phosphine ligand with high selectivity. We also demonstrated that it is possible to active both C2 and C5 C-H bonds for access to 2,5-diarylated compounds in one step, and also to non-symmetrically substituted 2,5-diarylpyrroles via sequential C2 arylation followed by C5 arylation. We also studied the reactivity of polychlorobenzenes via palladium-catalyzed C-H activation. We finally examined the palladium-catalysed selective sp² and sp³ C-H bond activation of guaiazulene. The selectivity depends on the solvent and base: sp² C2-arylation (KOAc in ethylbenzene), sp² C3-arylation (KOAc in DMAc) and sp³ C4-Me arylation (CsOAc/K₂CO₃ in DMAc). Through this method, a challenging sp³ C-H bond was activated
Machet, Corinne. "Première approche de la carbonylation directe de la liaison C-H catalysée par des systèmes hétérobimétalliques." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT028G.
Full textLaliberté, Marc-André. "Études de la réactivité du Pt(111) et de la liaison C-H---O=C : Applications en catalyse hétérogène et assemblage moléculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26253/26253.pdf.
Full textMuselli, Mickaël. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation directe catalytique de la liaison C-H d'imidazolones : nouvel accès aux fluorophores analogues de la GFP." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR10/document.
Full textImidazolones have been studied for a long time, either as bioactive molecules or for their fluorescence properties, the best known example being the Green Fluorescent Protein or GFP. Numerous syntheses are already described, in particular the condensation of an amine with an oxazolone (Erlenmeyer method). In this work, we not only improved the condensation protocol but also developed an original synthesis consisting in using 2-H imidazolones CH arylation. To this end, it was first necessary to develop a protocol for the synthesis of 2-H imidazolones, hitherto very little described, and then to develop the conditions for arylation and direct vinylation of these molecules. Two sets of imidazolones have been studied and published separately: first, the 4,4'- dialkylimidazolones, frequently used for their biological properties, followed by arylation and vinylation of 4-arylidene-2-H imidazolones
Gref, Aurore. "Activation de la liaison C-H : oxydation des hydrocarbures saturés en présence de catalyseurs de fer par l'oxygène moléculaire, activé électrochimiquement." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112021.
Full textBy modifying the so-called "Gif" chemical system we established on electrochemical one for oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. This system hos the cluster FeII FeIII 2o(OAc)6PY3. 5 as catalyst and comprises pyridine, an acid (trifluoroacetic or 2-picolinic) and molecular oxygen activated at the cathode. After having analysed the electrochemical behoviour of each of the components of the systems by cyclic voltammetry we were in a position to chose the optimum conditions under which to work. Were obtained a similar selectivity with the electrochemical system as with the chemical one: attach occurs preferentially at the secondary C-H bond and results in the preponderant formation of ketones and an efficiency (electronic yield) which is clearly superior (con reach 70% in the case of cyclohexane). Use of hydrogen peroxide resulted in same selectivity as that obtained by molecular oxygen activated at the cathode in the presence of on acid, although with lower yields. This lead us to propose that the some active species were involved in the two processes. The latter might be on iron-oxo species of low oxidation state, and the presence of pyridine as ligand might confer a particular selectivity to it different to that observed in other systems
Gref, Aurore. "Activation de la liaison C-H oxydation des hydrocarbures saturés en présence de catalyseurs de fer par l'oxygène moléculaire activé électrochimiquement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376055913.
Full textBheeter, Charles Beromeo. "Palladium-catalysed C-H bond activation for simpler access to ArSO₂R derivatives." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S171.
Full textDuring this Ph.D. period, we were interested in the C-H bonds activation catalysed by palladium catalysts for the preparation of biaryls units bearing SO₂R group. Many biological compounds present a SO₂R function and thus we chose to activate this family of substrates. This method is considered as cost effective and environmentally attractive compared to other types of couplings such as Suzuki, Stille, or Negishi. First, we demonstrated that it is possible to apply C-H bond activation method for the direct arylation of thiophene derivatives bearing a SO₂R substituent. We then established palladium-catalysed system for the selective C2 arylation of N-tosylpyrrole derivatives. We found that N-tosylpyrrole is more reactive than free NH-pyrrole. We also studied the direct arylation of heteroarenes using bromobenzenes bearing SO₂R substituents either at C2 or C4 via palladium-catalysed C-H activation. This method provides a simpler access to substituted SO₂R derivatives. Finally we developed the first palladium-catalysed dehydrogenative sp³ C-H bond functionalization/activation of N-alkyl-benzenesulfonamides to produce N-alkenyl-benzenesulfonamides. The reaction proceeds with easily accessible ligand-free Pd(OAc)₂ catalyst for aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing groups or PdCl(C₃H₅)(dppb) catalyst for aryl bromides with electron-donating substituents. We found that the reaction tolerates a variety of substituents both on nitrogen and on the bromobenzene moiety
Baud, Damien. "Oxydation biocatalytique de liaison C-H non activée pour la synthèse de dérivés bêta-hydroxylamines : application à la synthèse d'acides aminés non protéinogènes." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0020/document.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript deals with the search of new members of the α-ketoglutarate and Iron-dependent dioxygenases family (α-KAO) and their applications in organic synthesis. The first part of this work presents the search of new enzymes through a genomic approach based on sequence homology and InterPro motif sharing. Two high-throughput screenings with 79 and 127 candidate enzymes have been performed on 23 and 36 substrates more or less structurally close to known metabolic substrates. 8 new α-KAOs have been discovered. Among these new enzymes, four were studied in more details. After optimization of the enzymatic reaction conditions for each enzyme, scale-up allowed to obtain compounds for isolation and characterization. With these four enzymes, (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-lysine, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-lysine as its cyclic derivative, (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-ornithine and a derivative of (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine were produced. Two of the new α-KAO were combined in a cascade process to afford the (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-L-lysine as its cyclic derivative. We proposed a biocatalytic synthesis of mono and hydroxydiamines by coupling one or two α-KAO with a decarboxylase enzyme. (2S)-1,5-diamino-2-pentanol, 1,5-diamino-3-pentanol, (2S)-1,4-diamino-2-butanol and (2S,3S)-1,5-diamino-2,3-pentanediol were obtained with good overall conversions
Brazi, Eric. "Activation de la liaison C-H hydroxylation catalytique des hydrocarbures par de nouveaux complexes alkylperoxydiques de cobalt (III), désydrogénation sélective et catalytique de cycloalcanes... /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603426w.
Full textNguyen, Khac Minh Huy. "Activation de liaisons C-H au moyen d’un système catalytique bio-inspiré pour la synthèse d’hétérocycles d’intérêt pharmacologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB023.
Full textNaturally occurring metalloenzymes constitute a rich source of inspiration for the design of synthetic catalysts because of their ability to perform controlled aerobic oxidations under very mild conditions. Among metalloenzymes, copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) promote selective aerobic oxidation of primary amines through the cooperation of a quinone-based cofactor (topaquinone) and a copper ion. Recently, there has been a boost in the development of biomimetic catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of amines to imines owing to the importance of imines as pivotal intermediates in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In our laboratory, a CuAOs-like homogeneous co-catalytic system has been described for the atom-economical oxidation of primary amines to imines, under ambient air. The catalytic process combines two redox couples in a way reminiscent of CuAOs: the o-iminoquinone organocatalyst 1ox, generated in situ from the corresponding o-aminophenol 1red, is the substrate-selective catalyst, whereas the copper (II) salt serves as an electron transfer mediator. Interestingly, low loadings of biocompatible CuII and organocatalyst 1ox are sufficient to activate the α-C-H bond of primary aliphatic amines, which are converted, under ambient air, into cross-coupled imines through a transamination process that leads to the homocoupled imine intermediate, followed by dynamic transimination. The mild reaction conditions are highly favorable from a synthetic viewpoint, in particular for trapping the unstable alkylimines in situ for further reactions. So, we have envisioned the use of this bioinspired co-catalytic system in the one-pot synthesis of heterocycles of pharmacological interest. In the first part of the thesis, we envisioned that the Cu(II)/1ox cooperative system might be utilized to synthesize novel 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. In the specific case of R1R2CHCH2NH2 amines, the catalytic process should stop after a few turnovers, because the catalyst 1ox should be trapped through inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with the simultaneously in situ generated tautomeric enamine form of the alkylimine extruded during the catalytic process, leading to 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. Unfortunately, this protocol failed to produce the expected cycloadducts in acceptable yields as enamines rapidly decomposed under ambient air. For this reason, we have developed a tandem oxidation-inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction as an alternative: a stoichiometric amount of activated MnO2, in deaerated methanol, was then sufficient to convert various o-aminophenol derivatives into o-iminoquinone heterodienes which were trapped in situ by different enamine dienophiles leading to the expected 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives under mild conditions. The possibility of introducing variations in both cycloaddition partners led to highly substituted 1,4-benzoxazine cycloadducts with up to five elements of diversity. Among these compounds, a 3,3-diphenyl-substituted-1,4-benzoxazine derivative was identified as an effective neuroprotective agent in newborn mice, suggesting that it could be a potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy. In the second part of the thesis, the Cu(II)/1ox cooperative system has been successfully used for the catalytic oxidative coupling of a diverse range of activated and non-activated primary amines with o-amino-anilines under ambient air leading to benzimidazoles of biological interest through multistep oxidation and nucleophilic addition reactions. Through the variation of both solvent and coupling partners, MeOH proved to be the best solvent for this transformation because it provided the ideal balance of 1ox solvation and reaction rate, except when reactive N-alkyl o-aminoanilines were used as in situ imine traps, due to the concomitant formation of a benzimidazole byproduct originated from MeOH itself. (...)
Bordeaux, Mélanie. "Ingénierie moléculaire de cytochromes P450 pour l'hydroxylation des alcanes." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0009/document.
Full textActivation of inert molecules such as alkanes is considered as one of the most difficult challenges in catalysis, due to the high stability of the C-H bond. To comply with the principles of green chemistry, functionalization methods must respect multiple requirements, such as the use of non-toxic solvents and reagents, in addition to reducing energy usage whilst maintaining maximal activity. To satisfy these conditions, we decided to focus on the use of an enzymatic system. Indeed, unactivated C-H bonds can be functionalized under mild conditions by monooxygenases, such as cytochrome P450s, but their activity is relatively limited. In order to have cytochrome P450s more active on alkanes, we describe the fusion between a member of the CYP153 family and an electron donor partner. This fusion protein has been characterized and its catalytic properties studied. We have shown that the fusion increases significantly the alkane hydroxylase activity. Our second step was to continue to exploit the potential of this biocatalyst by attempting to reduce the volume of its active site using site-directed mutagenesis for the hydroxylation of gaseous alkanes, including methane. Finally, various modifications of the reaction conditions allowed us to achieve the terminal hydroxylation of octane with a previously unequalled activity
Gonnard, Laurine. "Réactions métallo-catalysées : synthèse d'hétérocycles azotés saturés fonctionnalisés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066438/document.
Full textIn order to facilitate the total synthesis of active molecules used in pharmaceutical or agrochemical industries, chemists try constantly to develop new, general, practical and sustainable methods. In 2014, a study revealed that piperidine was the most frequently present aza-heterocycle in medicines approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this context, three different methods were developed during this Ph.D in order to synthesize functionalized piperidines. A wide variety of substituted piperidines was first efficiently obtained by a cobalt catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between 4- and 3-halogenopiperidines and Grignard reagents. Cobalt has appeared as a good alternative to the expensive palladium salts or the toxic nickel salts. Moreover, it can prevent side reactions such as dehydrohalogenation or β-H elimination. Next, 2-dienylpiperidines, present in a myriad of alkaloids, were prepared by iron catalyzed cyclization from diallylic amino-alcools. Finally, new conditions for the ruthenium catalyzed C(sp3)‒H monoarylation of piperidines were developed. The influence of the electronic and steric properties of the directing group attached to the nitrogen of the piperidine was fully studied. These methods were then applied to the synthesis of other azacycles
Cuny, Guylaine. "Synthèse de moyens et grands cycles fusionnés à des dihydroazaphenanthrènes et synthèse de 1,4-benzodiazépine-2,5-diones par N-arylations intramoléculaires catalysées au palladium ou au cuivre : nouvelle synthèse de 5-aminooxazoles trisubstitués." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112232.
Full textIn the first part of this manuscript we described dihydrozaphenanthrene fused macrocyclic ring synthesis using a unique domino sequence n-arylation/c-h activation/ c-c bond forming process. This sequence is catalyzed by palladium and is the unique way to rapidly acces to macrocyclic ring via n-arylation with good to excellent yield. During this study, we demonstrated that our substrate acted as ligand for the palladium and favorised the cyclisation. We also determined bond formation order and proved that c-n bond formation preceded c-c bond formation. And we have been able to isolate an intermediate palladium complex, which allowed us to propose a possible mechanism for this transformation. This methodology was successfully applied to 5,6-dihydro-8h-5,7a-diaza-cyclohepta[jk]phenanthrene-4,7-dione synthesis. Then, we demonstrated that copper could be a good catalyst to promote intramolecular n-arylation to produce 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione. In a second part, we described a new way to synthetize 5-aminooxazole using a passerini modified two component reaction between an aldehyde and an isocyanoacetamide. Those reactions could have been diastereoselectively controlled and applied to rapid synthesis of dipeptide containing norstatine motif
Li, Chen. "CH bond activation of methane and unsaturated molecules by a transient eta2-cyclopropene complex of niobium : synthesis, characterization and mechanistic studies." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0029/document.
Full textChapter 1 reports a literature summary of the different ways of cleaving a hydrocarbon C-H bond, mostparticularly methane, with both early and late transition metal complexes. For early transition metals ourattention is focused on three mechanisms: i) the σ-bond metathesis, ii) the α-H abstraction/1,2-CH bond addition and iii) the β-H abstraction/1,3-CH bond addition.Chapter 2 challenges the problem of the activation of a CH bond of methane by a transient η2-cyclopropene complex of niobium. High pressure solution NMR, isotopic labelling studies and kinetic analyses of the degenerate exchange of methane in the methyl complex [TpMe2NbCH3(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (1) are reported. Stoichiometric methane activation by the mesitylene complex [TpMe2Nb(CH2-3,5-C6H3Me2)(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (2) giving 1 is also realized. Evidence is provided that these reactions proceed via an intramolecular abstraction of a β-H of the cyclopropyl group from either methane or mesitylene from 1 or 2, respectively, yielding the transient unsaturated η2-cyclopropene intermediate [TpMe2Nb(η2-c-C3H4)(MeCCMe)] (A). This is followed by itsmechanistic reverse 1,3-CH bond addition of methane yielding the product.Chapter 3 explores the reactivity of complex 1 towards heteroaromatics, unsaturated hydrocarbons, pentafluorobenzene and ferrocene (FcH) via the β-H abstraction/1,3-CH bond activation mechanism. Compound 1 is able to selectively activate the C-H bond of furan, thiophene, 1-cyclopentene, phenylacetylene, pentafluorobenzene and ferrocene, yielding the corresponding products [TpMe2NbX(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (X = 2-C4H3O, 2-C4H3S, 1-C5H7, PhC≡C C6F5, Fc) which have been isolated and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies and X-ray diffraction analysis
Graux, Lionel. "Nouveaux complexes de ruthénium (II) associés aux Oxydes de Phosphine Secondaire (OPS) : Synthèse, caractérisation et application en catalyse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4366/document.
Full textThe past decade has witnessed a renewed interest for Secondary Phosphine Oxides (SPO) in catalysis as preligands of transition metals. While the coordination chemistry and catalytic activity of these species have been mainly studied with palladium and platinum, only few examples with ruthenium have been reported so far.We investigated the synthesis of new ruthenium(II) complexes associated to one or two phosphinous acid ligand (PA) (SPO tautomer) which were fully characterised. Then we were interested in the role played by the ligand during the catalytic cycle. The use of different ruthenium sources allowed us to isolate [Ru]/SPO complexes (oxygen coordinated) and [Ru]/PA complexes (phosphorous coordinated). We evaluated the catalytic activities of these well-defined complexes in C-H bond activation and cycloisomerisation from alkynes or ynamides. During the course of these studies, the influence of ligand stereoelectronic parameters in the catalytic process have been demonstrated.Moreover, in a side project, we explored a new reactivity of ynamides with cyclic 1,3-diketones catalysed by palladium, cationic gold or ruthenium complexes. This reactivity gives access to alpha-alkoxysubstituted enamides
Jahjah, Hussein Rabih. "Réactions radicalaires photo initiées de dérivés de la furanone et leur valorisation en synthèse organique." Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS001.pdf.
Full textPhotochemistry plays an increasing role in organic chemistry, as a powerful approach to obtain under mild conditions a large number of compounds inaccessible by conventional methods. During this work, we looked at different aspects of the photochemical reactivity of furanone derivatives. Irradiation of furanones functionalized by tetrahydropyran and glucose in the presence of acetone as sensitizer led by a mechanism of energy transfer to a regioselective intramolecular radical reaction where the addition occurs in α position of the furanone. An important step in this mechanism is the hydrogen abstraction. A reaction of epimerization was shown at the anomeric center of β-anomers molecules. This type of photochemical reaction can be controlled to prepare highly functionalized structures (a family of Carba-Sugars). We have carried out a selective addition at a α-position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound by a single-electron transfer via the formation of an exciplex or radical ion pair in contact. The mechanism of this reaction was revealed by a deuterium-labeling and interpretation of the regioselectivity. The isotopic-labeling allowed us to discover the origin of hydrogen added in β position of a furanone. Structures accessible by this method may have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and diuretic as well as bactericidal activities
Skhiri, Aymen. "Réactivité des chlorures de benzènesulfonyle pour l'accès à des hétéroarènes et alcènes arylés via des réactions pallado-catalysées." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S080.
Full textIn this thesis we have been interested in the synthesis of arylated heterocycles via the activation of sp2 C-H bonds of heteroaromatics and to the synthesis of halo-substituted arylated alkenes using palladium-catalysis. The products obtained are considered to be molecular bricks which are of interest to biochemists as well as to the preparation of materials. The catalyst system Pd(MeCN)2Cl2/Li2CO3/dioxane allows the direct access to a wide variety of arylated molecules from heteroarenes or alkenes and benzenesulfonyl chlorides. We have developed a method for the direct β-arylation of selenophenes from selenophenes and benzenesulfonyl chlorides. We have also shown that the use of (poly)halogenated benzenesulfonyl chlorides makes it possible to synthesize, by Pd-catalyzed reactions, (poly)halo-substituted arylated heteroarenes, stilbenes or cinnamates
Theveau, Laure. "Traitement de la sélectivité en fonctionnalisation directe catalytique de la liaison C-H d'hétérocycles - Etude en séries oxa(thia)zole-4-carboxylate et application à la synthèse de composés d'intérêt biologique." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES033.
Full textVerrier, Cécile. "Etude des nouvelles méthodologies de fonctionnalisation directe palladocatalysées de la liaison C-H en série oxazole-4-carboxylate : application à la synthèse de molécules naturelles et de sondes fluorescentes oxazoliques." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577109.
Full textBrazi, Eric. "Activation de la liaison C-H : hydroxylation catalytique des hydrocarbures par de nouveaux complexes alkylperoxydiques de cobalt (iii), déshydrogénation sélective et catalytique de cycloalcanes en présence d'éponges à hydrogènes à base d'uranium métal." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066680.
Full textDoussot, Joël. "Formation selective de liaisons c-n et c-cn par substitution nucleophile oxydante de liaisons c-h." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066076.
Full textHostier, Thomas. "Activation de liaisons C-O catalysée par le nickel et sulfénylation de liaisons C-H." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066587/document.
Full textThe development of new flexible synthetic methods for the regioselective formation of carbon carbon or carbon-heteroatom represents an ongoing challenge in organic chemistry. The work presented in this manuscript concerns the development of efficient and easy to implement protocols on nickel-catalyzed C-O bond activation and metal-free C-H sulfenylation.It was demonstrated that the use of a single catalytic system based on nickel(II) acetate and triphenylphosphine oxide under mild conditions (40 ° C) could perform the cross-coupling between an alkenyl methyl ether and a Grignard reagent via the insertion of the Ni catalyst into the C-OMe bond. An electrophilic sulfenylation reaction of (hetero)aromatics has also been developed. The use of N thiosuccinimides as sulfenylating partners, in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, allowed us to achieve with a very good regioselectivity the sulfenylation of electron-rich aromatics. This method was also applied to unprotected indoles in order to access functionalized 2 thioindoles
Ritleng, Vincent. "Fonctionnalisation sélective de liaisons C-H dans des conditions douces : formation de liaisons C-C induites par le ruthénium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13101.
Full textRenaudat, Alice. "Fonctionnalisation de liaisons C(sp3)-H non activées catalysées par le palladium." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704011.
Full textSofack-Kreutzer, Julien. "Synthèses de carbocycles et d'hétérocycles à cinq chaînons par activation de liaisons c(sp3)-h non activées." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744243.
Full textDupont, Jairton. "Activation-fonctionnalisation intramoléculaire de liaisons C-H par le palladium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376133600.
Full textDupont, Jairton. "Activation-fonctionnalisation intramoleculaire de liaisons c-h par le palladium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13197.
Full textHachem, Mahmoud. "Hétéroarylation et arylation des éthers d'énol par couplages directs catalytiques impliquant des liaisons C-CO² H et C-H." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR128.
Full textTo date, one of the challenges in the development of catalytic direct couplings of [CH / C-CO2H] and [CH / CH] type is the functionalization of molecules, with high synthetic value, having a high potential of development in the goal of increasing structural and functional diversity. Enol ethers are part of this class of structural motifs; however, till now, no economical and selective functionalization method have been developed. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop a selective (hetero)arylation strategy of α-carboxyvinyl ether by direct dehydrogenative CH/ CH or decarboxylative C-H / C-CO2H cross coupling using α-alkoxy cinnamics acid and α-etheroxyacrylates as coupling partners. The first chapter has been focused on the development of the first methodology for the preparation of gem-heteroaryl enol ethers based on the engagement of α-alkoxylated cinnamic acids in the direct coupling of [C-CO2H / C-H] type under cooperative Pd(0) / Cu(I) catalysis. This methodology gave access to the α-enolizable 2-ketoheteroarenes after modulation of the enol ether function, and these were then valorized to give the 2,4'-bis-azole systems that are present in the natural polypeptides. The second and third chapters have focused on the study of β-functionalization of enol ethers by direct and selective Pd-catalyzed coupling of ethyl α-etheroxyacrylates according to two strategies: (1) Myers’s type decarboxylative Heck coupling [C-H / C-CO2H] with benzoic acid derivative and (2) Fujiwara-Moritani’s type [C-H / C-H] oxidative coupling
Oulié, Pascal. "Interactions C-H et C-C agostiques dans des complexes de niobium : applications à l'activation C-H intra-et intermoléculaire." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30007.
Full textChen, Lu. "Palladium-catalysed C-C bond construction in virtue of C-H functionalisation : direct arylation of heteroaromatics tolerant to reactive functional groups." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S011.
Full textDuring my thesis, I focused on condition for the activation / functionalisation of C-H bonds for the construction of biaryl derivatives tolerant to the reactive functional groups such as silyl, alkenes, esters or amides. Compared to classic cross-coupling protocols (Suzuki, Stille or Negishi), C-H bond functionalisation provides a costly effective and environmentally attractive procedures. At first, we observed that the silyl-substituted thiophenes can be directly arylated with aryl bromides without desilylation, using the simple Pd(OAc)2/dppb precatalyst for both conversion and desilylation inhibition. Then, we have demonstrated that the Pd(OAc)2/KOAc catalyst system without phosphine ligand, even using as few as 0.1 mol% of Pd catalyst, promotes the direct arylation of heteroaromatics and inhibits the Heck type reaction with 1,2-disubstituted alkenes. In addition, we demonstrated that easily accessible esters on heteroaromatics can be advantageously employed as blocking groups in the course of the direct arylation of several heteroaromatic derivatives. Finally, the palladium-catalyzed direct heteroarylation of 2- or 4-bromobenzamide with heteroarenes was studied. In the presence of KOAc as the base, no formation of C-N or C-C bonds by coupling of two bromobenzamide was observed
Saiegh, Tomas. "Activation de liaisons C-H de cyclobutènes et de sulfolènes. Application à la synthèse d’hétérocycles." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS016.
Full textIn recent years, the development of synthetic methods relying on C–H bond functionalization has expandedthe reaction toolbox for the construction of heterocycles. Although considerable progress has been made in the fieldof aromatic C–H bond activation in the presence of transition metal complexes, the substrate scope of methods relyingon the activation of vinylic C(sp2)−H bonds has been much less investigated. In this context, the work carried out duringthis PhD thesis has been devoted to the development of (4+2) heteroannulation reactions relying on the activation ofvinylic C(sp2)−H bonds in cyclobuten-1-ylcarboxylic acid derivatives. In the presence of acetylenic partners andrhodium(III) complexes, this strategy has allowed access to diversely substituted cyclobuta[c]pyrones and -pyridones.These latter compounds can be transformed into cyclobuta[c]pyridines which are precursors of orthoquinodimethanes, by opening of the four-membered ring, that can be involved in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds thanks to Diels-Alder reactions. Accordingly to a similar approach, 3-sulfolene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were also involved in rhodium-catalyzed (4+2) heteroannulations with alkynes to access sulfolenyl pyrones, pyridones and pyridines. These latter heterocycles are also ortho-quinodimethanes precursors by cheletropic elimination ofsulfur dioxide
Thiery, Emilie. "Catalyse au palladium : réactions dans l’eau et fonctionnalisation de liaisons C-H." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIMS009.
Full textThe work is focused on sustainable chemistry, following three principles of green chemistry: catalysis, safe solvents and prevention of wastes. Recyclable palladium nanoparticles,stabilized by ammonium salts, have been used for the chemoselective hydrogenation of alkenes and the hydrogenolysis of benzylic epoxides in water. The mechanism of alkoxyhydroxylation of allylphenols in aqueous medium has been studied and the different steps of this domino reaction have been proposed. The study of coupling of allylbenzene and 2-methylfuran through C-H activation has shown a competition between the formation of difurylalkanes and furylakenes. The synthesis of difurylalkanes has been developped with various alkenes and the mechanism study has led to propose a catalytic cycle, from which four intermediates have been determined by ESI-MS anaysis. Finally, a preliminary study of allylic oxidation of terminal alkenes has been performed
Arockiam, Percia Beatrice. "Ruthenium (II) catalyzed functionalization of C-H bonds : catalysis in water." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S171.
Full textIn this doctoral thesis, we have shown that Ru(CO₂R)₂(p-cymene) catalyst the insitu generated from [RuCl₂(p-cymene)]₂ and KCO₂R, acts as an excellent catalyst for ortho C-H bond functionalization of arenes containing an heterocycle (pyridine, oxazoline, pyrazole) with unactivated aryl chlorides in the presence of K₂CO₃ as a base. The reactions were performed in diethyl carbonate (DEC) or in water as a solvent instead of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), the solvent of choice used in most of ruthenium catalyzed C-H bond transformations. The activity of these catalysts is higher in water than in other organic solvents. We have also disclosed a new catalytic system based on [RuH(codyl)₂]BF₄/2KY(KY: KOAc, KOPiv, KPI) in which the ligand Y promotes the initial cleavage of C-H bonds and the efficiency of this catalytic system depends also on the nature of both substrates involved in the reaction. The directed dehydrogenative alkenylation of N-aryl pyrazoles by styrene and alkyl acrylates catalyzed by Ru(OAc)₂(p-cymene) in the presence of a catalytic or stoichiometric amount of Cu(OAc)₂ H₂O in air is also presented and it is demonstrated that the acetic acid solvent plays a key role. A new method to generate the oxidative homocoupling of N-phenylpyrazole is shown with the Ru(OAc)₂(p-cymene) catalyst
LELLOUCHE, ISABELLE A. S. "Etude des systemes biomimetiques de transformations des liaisons c-h non activees en liaisons c-o, c-s, et c-se catalysees par des complexes de fer non-heminiques." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112333.
Full textToumieux, Sylvestre. "Amination intramoléculaire catalytique de liaisons C-H nonactivées: Application à la synthèse de C-glycosides originaux et de pipéridines polyfonctionnalisées." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260894.
Full textCassen, Audrey. "Pilotage à distance de l'activation de liaisons B-H, C-H et B-C dans des boranes polyfonctionnels : synthèse de complexes agostiques sigma-B-H et borohydrures." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2533/.
Full textIn line with the general problem of the activation of B-H s bonds, this work is directly related to the study of the coordination mode of potentially bidentate ligands L~BHR, in which L is a Lewis base and R, a boron substituent. Herein, we show that the nature of the spacer linking the Lewis base and the sp² hybridized boron atom and the nature of the Lewis base itself can have a dramatic impact on the coordination mode of the ligand to the ruthenium center. Thus, based on a preliminary study made by our group, the family of phosphinoborane compounds P~BH(NiPr2) have been extended and several spacers have been considered. The coordination of phenylmethylene, methylphenylene and naphtylene spacer containing ligands to [RuH2(. 2-H2)2(PCy3)2] has been meticulously studied as well as a fourth phosphinoborane ligand featuring no spacer between the phosphino and boryl functions. Considering phenylmethylene and methylphenylene ligands, which result from the swapping of the phosphino and boryl groups, new and original coordination modes have been evidenced. Furthermore, the influence of the Lewis base was evaluated by two different synthetic approaches thanks to the complexation of sulfidoboranes S~BH(NiPr2) to ruthenium. The combination of several techniques as nuclear magnetic resonance, X ray diffraction and theoretical calculation allowed us to clearly define the interactions between the ligand and the metal and to highlight new coordination modes
Yuan, Kedong. "Palladium-catalyzed sp² C-H bond functionalization : construction of photoswitches and desulfitative cross-couplings." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S136/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, we were interested in the synthesis of organic photo-switches [DAE, di(hetero)arylethenes] via palladium catalyzed sp2 C-H bond activation of heteroaromatics. The previously established catalysts system for direct arylation, Pd(OAc)₂/KOAc/DMA, was found to be suitable for the new desired transformations. This method allows the straightforward access to a wide variety of useful photo-switchable molecules in a few steps. Moreover, during the course of further developments of C-H bond functionalization of heteroaromatics, we found that a phosphine free catalytic system, Pd(CH₃CN)₂Cl2/Li ₂CO₃/dioxane, promotes the coupling of thiophenes and arylsulfonyl chlorides to afford unexpected β-arylated products. This new catalytic system can also be utilized in conjugate addition reaction by using enones and arylsulfonyl chlorides as coupling partners. Finally, we describe PdCl2/CuBr co-catalyzed formation of 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines via cascade desulfitative Heck/sp² C-H activation sequence
Smari, Imen. "Synthèse et réactivité en catalyse de nouveaux hétéroaromatiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S012/document.
Full textThis thesis work dealing with the activation / functionalization of CH bonds for the formation of derivatives of heteroaryl. We sum so interested in the reactivity of derivatives of 4-formylpyrazole for pallado-catalyzed via CH bond activation couplings. The formyl C4 is used to control the regioselectivity of the arylation. Subsequently, we investigated the reactivity of 2-bromofluorènes in these coupling reactions. The third part focuses on the synthesis of aminothiophenes and pyrrolyl-thiophene. The originality of our approach is the use of these compounds as a precursor in pallado-catalyzed reactions. Finally, the last part is devoted to the reactivity of 3-bromobenzothiophene in pallado-catalysed reactions without cleavage of the C-Br bond C3 benzothiophene
Raynal, Matthieu. "Nouvelles classes de ligands et complexes métalliques pour la fonctionnalisation d’alcanes par activation C-H." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/RAYNAL_Matthieu_2009.pdf.
Full textHighly active homogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of linear and cyclic alkanes have been developed since 1996. These iridium complexes contained a tridentate bis(phosphine) [for {IrPCP}, A] or bis(phosphinite) ligand [for {IrPOCOP}, B] (Scheme 1). The goal of this work was to synthesize and characterize Nheterocyclic carbenes (NHC) analogues of these complexes (target molecules C, Scheme 1) and to evaluate their activity in alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The transformation of alkanes into alkenes represents a very important reaction, both scientifically and economically. Nheterocyclic carbenes were chosen for their unique stereroelectronic properties. Indeed, NHCs are even better σdonors than trialkylphosphines and can strongly stabilize metal ions. Thus, the dissociation energy of the MNHC bond is particularly high. The features of NHC ligands are important for catalytic applications: the presence of NHC ligands in the coordination sphere of the metal increases the electron density around the metal center. This facilitates the oxidative addition process which is a key step in numerous catalytic systems and notably in the functionalization of alkanes. The fact that the MNHC bond is strong limits the loss of ligand during the catalytic process. In {IrPCP} and {IrPOCOP} complexes, the ligand acts as a « pincer » for the metal. Pincer ligands are rigid, chelating ligands which strongly stabilize metal ions. The resulting homogeneous complexes are thermostable and can be used at relatively high temperatures (200 250°C for {IrPCP} « pincer » complexes for example) without degradation. Metal complexes with pincer, planar and rigid ligands which incorporate at least one NHC functionality have been intensively studied during the last ten years and exhibit unique catalytic properties. However, at the beginning of this project, no NHC pincer complex of iridium was reported in the literature. We have developed a synthetic route towards new hydrido, Nheterocyclic dicarbene iridium(III) pincer complexes (Scheme 2, molecules 12). Hollis et al reported the preparation of the iodidebridged dimer CNHCCCNHC iridium complex 3 (Scheme 2) in 2 steps with a yield inferior to 50%. Our method provides a more direct route and allows the synthesis of the expected complexes 12 in one step from the corresponding bis(imidazolium) salts in almost 70% yield. The diiodide analogues 46 were also isolated in almost 30% yield (Scheme 2). Experimental conditions used to prepare complexes 12 and 46 were thoroughly investigated. The influence of several parameters [nature of the bis(imidazolium) precursor, nature and amount of base, temperature, addition of KI and reaction time] on the course of the formation of NHC complexes and on the nature of the complexes was demonstrated. Reaction intermediates in the synthesis of pincer complexes were isolated and a possible mechanism for their formation was suggested. The NHC dicarbene ligand 7, remarkably stable at room temperature, was prepared and its reaction towards several iridium precursors yielded monoand dinuclear iridium complexes in which the ligand acts as a bridge and no as a chelate or a pincer as might have been anticipated (Scheme 3). The heterodinuclear Ir(I)Rh(I) complex 8, which constitutes a rare example of heterobimetallic complex with a NHC ligand, was synthesized in two steps from 7. The unprecedented and unexpected structure of 9, which possesses a remarkable figure ofeight topology,is useful in order to reconsider some chelate structures postulated in the literature for similar complexes (Scheme 3). Only a few comparative studies dealing with the influence of the nature of the weak base on the course of the formation of NHC complexes have been disclosed in the literature. We were able to demonstrate that higher yields of monoand dinuclear NHC complexes were obtained, for a given reaction time, when Cs2CO3 was used in place of NEt3. For the synthesis of the dinuclear complexes 9, the choice of the base is even more critical, because products are formed only when Cs2CO3 is used. Two different pathways are conceivable for the formation of the IrNHC bond in our complexes: either a combined oxidative addition/HX base assisted elimination process or the formation of the free carbene and its in situ coordination to the Ir(I) center. In the latter case, the higher intrinsic basicity of Cs2CO3 compared to NEt3 would represent an advantage for the generation of a free carbene. Moreover, protonation of the free carbene by the conjugate acid of Cs2CO3 is less likely than the reaction between free carbene and [HNEt3]+X. As mentioned above, we envisaged to use our iridium pincer complexes as catalysts for the functionalization of alkanes. Firstly, we calibrated our experimental conditions with a precursor of reference {IrPOCOP}. Then, we tested 12 and 46, under different conditions, but no significant activity was observed for the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with tertbutylethylene as olefin acceptor. Several pathways were envisaged to obtain an active catalyst. We are focusing on the synthesis of CNHCCCNHC 16electron iridium(III) pincer complexes (in contrast to 18electron complexes 12 and 46). We are currently studying in the laboratory: (a) the preparation of a complex D (Scheme 4) containing a mixeddonor phosphorus NHC ligand in which the phosphorus substituents can provide the steric hindrance necessary to stabilize a 16electron iridium(III) complex,(b) the increase of the steric hindrance of the NHC ligand by replacing, for example, the nbutyl group by adamantyl groups on the nitrogen of the imidazole rings (E, Scheme 4). Finally, the perspectives of this work include the use of our IrNHC complexes as catalysts for other reactions such as the hydrogenation of trisubstituted alkenes,transfer hydrogenationsor the Oppenauertype oxidationof alcohols. Modifications of the ligand architecture can lead to envisage applications of our complexes in asymmetric catalysis (hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation or hydrosilylation). RhNHC complexes (hydroformylation or hydroaminomethylation of alkenes) or CrNHC complexes (ethylene oligomerisation) can also find outstanding applications
Nasrallah, Ali. "Complexe de Rhodium(II) et iode hypervalent en catalyse : époxydation d’alcènes et amination de liaisons C(sp³)-H." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS427.
Full textThis thesis describes the development of new catalytic processes by combining hypervalent iodine reagents with rhodium (II) complexes.The first chapter concerns the observation of the epoxide as a unexpected product under catalytic nitrene transfer conditions, and the development of a new method to promote the epoxidation of alkenes by combining a reagent of hypervalent iodine (III) and a complex of dirhodium (II).The second chapter is centered on the development of a general method forasymmetric intermolecular benzylic C(sp³)–H amination by combining a chiral rhodium (II) catalyst and a benzyl sulfamate, and the application of this method on large scale.The third part of this work show the development of a regioselective C(sp³)–H amination of unactivated alkane by rhodium (II) catalysis, using a stoichiometric amount of alkane as the substrate
Roger, Julien. "Arylations d’hétéroarènes via activation / fonctionnalisation de liaisons C-H par des catalyseurs du palladium." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S086.
Full textDuring this thesis, we are interested in the activation/functionalisation of C-H bonds for the formation of biaryls, which would provide a cost effective and environmentally attractive procedure in comparison to other types of couplings such as Suzuki, Stille or Negishi. First, we demonstrated that it is possible to use electron-rich aryl triflates to functionalize heteroarenes. The best catalytic system seems to be Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃ with KOAc orCs₂CO₃ in DMF. Then, we have demonstrated that by using as little as 0,1–0,001 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst precursor, without ligand, it was possible to perform a regioselective intermolecular 5-arylation of heteroaromatics such as furans, thiophenes, thiazoles, pyrroles or imidazoles in the presence of aryl bromides. A wide range of substituents, such as acetyl, benzoyl, nitro, nitrile, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, alkyl or methoxy on the aryl bromide are tolerated. In addition, we also showed that it was possible to use of heteroaromatics bearing unprotected amine or alcohol functions. Finally, we have demonstrated that carbonates, which are considered as "green" solvents, can be used for the direct arylation of heteroaromatics. In the presence of propylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate and 1 mol% of PdCl(C₃H₅)(dppb) as the catalyst precursor, it was possible to obtain the 2-arylation of benzoxazole