Academic literature on the topic '"lian" sentence'
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Journal articles on the topic ""lian" sentence"
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Kuralova, Jansoya Turg'un qizi. "汉语句式教学要点与策略 KEY POINTS AND STRATEGIES OF CHINESE SENTENCE TEACHING". Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 2, № 26 (2022): 124–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333868.
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<em>This chapter first uses a section to briefly introduce seven common sentence patterns - continuous verb sentence, concurrent sentence, subject predicate predicate sentence, double object sentence, can wish verb sentence, bei sentence, "lian" sentence, etc. As the three sentence patterns of existential sentence, "bi" sentence and "ba" sentence are used frequently in daily language, their structural and functional characteristics are also significant, and learners have a high probability of error, they are separated into one section as the key part of this chapter, It mainly introduces the types of common errors, basic features, main functions, contextual conditions, and teaching methods and strategies of each sentence pattern learner.</em> <em>本章先用一节简要介绍</em><em>7</em><em>种常见句式</em><em>— </em><em>连动句</em><em>、</em><em>兼语句,主谓谓语句,双宾语句</em><em>、</em><em>能愿动词句</em><em>、</em><em>被字句</em><em>、</em><em>“</em><em>连</em><em>”</em><em>字句等。由于存现句</em><em>、</em><em>“</em><em>比</em><em>”</em><em>字句</em><em> “</em><em>把</em><em>”</em><em>字句这三个句式在日常用语中使用频率较高,结构及功能上的特点也较为显著,学习者出现偏误的几率也比较高,所以将其各自独立为一节,作为本章重点讲解和处理的部分,主要介绍各句式学习者常见偏误类型、句型基本特征、主要功能、语境条件以及教学主要方法、策略。</em>
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Martínez-Fernández, José, and Sergi Oms. "The many faces of the Liar Paradox." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 28, no. 1 (2024): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2024.e96700.
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The Liar Paradox is a classic argument that creates a contradiction by reflection on a sentence that attributes falsity to itself: ‘this sentence is false’. In our paper we will discuss the ways in which the Liar sentence (and its paradoxical argument) can be represented in first-order logic. The key to the representation is to use first-order logic to model a self-referential language. We will also discuss several related sentences, like the Liar cycles, the empirical versions of the Liar and the Truth teller sentences.
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Bodanza, Gustavo. "Yablo’s Paradox, the Liar, and Referential Contradictions from a Graph Theory Point of View." Логико-философские штудии, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52119/lphs.2021.32.43.005.
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F -systems are useful digraphs to model sentences that predicate the falsity of other sentences. Paradoxes like the Liar and the one of Yablo can be analyzed with that tool to find graph-theoretic patterns. In this paper we studied this general model consisting of a set of sentences and the binary relation ‘... affirms the falsity of...’ among them. The possible existence of non-referential sentences was also considered. To model the sets of all the sentences that can jointly be valued as true we introduced the notion of conglomerate, the existence of which guarantees the absence of paradox. Conglomerates also enabled us to characterize referential contradictions, i.e., sentences that can only be false under a classical valuation due to the interactions with other sentences in the model. A Kripke-style fixed-point characterization of groundedness was offered, and complete (meaning that every sentence is deemed either true or false) and consistent (meaning that no sentence is deemed true and false) fixed points were put in correspondence with conglomerates. Furthermore, argumentation frameworks are special cases of F -systems. We showed the relation between local conglomerates and admissible sets of arguments and argued about the usefulness of the concept for the argumentation theory.
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Read, Rupert, and Christian Greiffenhagen. "Can sentences self-refer? : Gödel and the liar." Ethnographic studies 16 (September 24, 2019): 181–201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3459372.
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In this article we discuss the issue of ‘self-reference’, i.e., the question whether (or in which sense) sentences may be said to refer to themselves. Following Wittgenstein, we suggest that the clearest thing to say is that sentences cannot of themselves ‘do’ or ‘say’ anything, but that it is human beings that ‘do’ and ‘say’. Consequently, instances of self-reference have to be considered as part of specific human practices. We illustrate these general remarks through the examination of the Liar Paradox and Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem (which uses a formally undecidable sentence, which is sometimes taken to ‘say’ ‘I am not provable.’). We emphasise that in the context of the ‘foundations of mathematics’ it is important to separate technicalmathematical from philosophical questions, and argue (again following Wittgenstein) that Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem was more a contribution to the former than the latter. In other words, Gödel’s result runs the risk of being over-interpreted, and of falling foul of Wittgensteinian philosophy, if it is interpreted philosophically to include focally a sentence that literally self-refers.
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Rezakhany, Hassan John. "Jalāl ad-Dīn ad-Dawānī’s Solution to the Liar Paradox and Its Reception in Qāḍī Mubārak and Mullā Mubīn." Journal of South Asian Intellectual History 1, no. 2 (2018): 183–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425552-12340007.
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AbstractI examine the views of Jalāl ad-Dīn ad-Dawānī (d. 1502) on the Liar paradox and their reception in the work of Qāḍī Mubārak (d. 1748) and Mullā Mubīn (d. 1810). Dawānī argues that the Liar sentence is neither true nor false since it is not the kind of utterance that is capable of bearing a truth-value (i.e., it is not truth-apt). In the course of justifying this view, he proposes a criterion for a sentence’s being truth-apt and attempts to counter a number of objections. I address two of these: one involves certain intuitively true or false self-referential sentences and the other is the ‘strengthened Liar.’ I then argue that both Qāḍī Mubārak and Mullā Mubīn present a version of the solution Dawānī gives in his Sharḥ at-Tahdhīb and, moreover, that Dawānī does not endorse this solution in all his other works. Furthermore, the solution they attribute to Dawānī differs slightly from the one he gives in his Sharḥ at-Tahdhīb in terms of how the major premise is justified. I present evidence which shows that this modification was inspired by Mīr Zāhid al-Harawī’s (d. 1689) gloss on Dawānī’s Sharḥ at-Tahdhīb.
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Moorcroft, Francis. "Why Russell's Paradox Won't Go Away." Philosophy 68, no. 263 (1993): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100040080.
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In ‘The Mind's I is Illiterate’, G. S. Miller discusses several paradoxes and paradoxical sentences which Miller claims are related by a common abuse of language. The Whiteley sentence ‘Lucas cannot consistently believe this sentence’ fails to be meaningful for want of a referent outside of the sentence for the phrase ‘this sentence’; the Liar Paradox when formulated as ‘I am lying’ is similarly disposed of when it is seen that the verb is defective and the sentence fails to refer to anything outside of itself. The same point is made concerning the Russell Paradox of the set of all sets that do not belong to themselves. The moral made is that philosophers are simply to be more careful about the laneuaee that thev are usine and then the paradoxes will go away.
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Cook, Roy T. "Patterns of paradox." Journal of Symbolic Logic 69, no. 3 (2004): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1096901765.
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We begin with a prepositional language Lp containing conjunction (Λ), a class of sentence names {Sα}αϵA, and a falsity predicate F. We (only) allow unrestricted infinite conjunctions, i.e., given any non-empty class of sentence names {Sβ}βϵB,is a well-formed formula (we will use WFF to denote the set of well-formed formulae).The language, as it stands, is unproblematic. Whether various paradoxes are produced depends on which names are assigned to which sentences. What is needed is a denotation function:For example, the LP sentence “F(S1)” (i.e., Λ{F(S1)}), combined with a denotation function δ such that δ(S1)“F(S1)”, provides the (or, in this context, a) Liar Paradox.To give a more interesting example, Yablo's Paradox [4] can be reconstructed within this framework. Yablo's Paradox consists of an ω-sequence of sentences {Sk}kϵω where, for each n ϵ ω:Within LP an equivalent construction can be obtained using infinite conjunction in place of universal quantification - the sentence names are {Si}iϵω and the denotation function is given by:We can express this in more familiar terms as:etc.
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Perini-Santos, Ernesto. "John Buridan’s Theory of Truth and the Paradox of the Liar." Vivarium 49, no. 1-3 (2011): 184–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853411x590499.
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AbstractThe solution John Buridan offers for the Paradox of the Liar has not been correctly placed within the framework of his philosophy of language. More precisely, there are two important points of the Buridanian philosophy of language that are crucial to the correct understanding of his solution to the Liar paradox that are either misrepresented or ignored in some important accounts of his theory. The first point is that the Aristotelian formula, ‘propositio est vera quia qualitercumque significat in rebus significatis ita est’, once amended, is a correct way to talk about the truth of a sentence. The second one is that he has a double indexing theory of truth: a sentence is true in a time about a time, and such times should be distinguished in the account of the truth-conditions of sentences. These two claims are connected in an important way: the Aristotelian formula indicates the time about which a sentence is true. Some interpreters of the Buridanian solution to the paradox, following the lead of Herzberger, have missed these points and have been led to postulate truth-values gaps, or surrogates of truth-value gaps, when there is nothing of this sort in his theory. I argue against this tradition of interpretation of Buridan and propose an interpretation of his solution to the Liar.
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Cristante, Valentina, and Sarah Schimke. "The processing of passive sentences in German." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 11, no. 2 (2020): 163–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.19013.cri.
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Abstract This study examines the processing and interpretation of passive sentences in German-speaking seven-year-olds, ten-year-olds, and adults. This structure is often assumed to be particularly difficult to understand, and not yet fully mastered in primary school (Kemp, Bredel, & Reich, 2008), i.e. in children aged between six and eleven. Few studies provide empirical data concerning this age range; it is therefore unknown whether this assumption is warranted. Against this background, we tested whether the three age groups differed in their off-line comprehension of passive sentences. In addition, we employed Visual World eye-tracking to measure processing difficulties that may differ between age groups and may not be reflected in the final interpretations. Previous studies on adult language processing in German and English have documented a preference to interpret sentences according to an agent-first strategy. Our results show that all three groups make use of this strategy, and that all of them are able to revise this interpretation once the first cue indicating a passive sentence is encountered (the auxiliary verb form wurde). We conclude that at least from age seven on, children have the linguistic and cognitive prerequisites to process the passive morphosyntax of German and to revise initial sentence misinterpretations.
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Levi, Don S. "The Liar Parody." Philosophy 63, no. 243 (1988): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100043126.
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The Liar Paradox is a philosophical bogyman. It refuses to die, despite everything that philosophers have done to kill it. Sometimes the attacks on it seem little more than expressions of positivist petulance, as when the Liar sentence is said to be nonsense or meaningless. Sometimes the attacks are based on administering to the Liar sentence arbitrary if not unfair tests for admitting of truth or falsity that seem designed expressly to keep it from qualifying. Some philosophers have despaired of ever beating the Liar; so concerned have they been about the threat posed by the Liar that they have introduced legislation to exclude the Liar sentence and anything like it.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic ""lian" sentence"
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Sarta, Eulalia <1993>. "SYNTACTIC PRIMING AND SENTENCE REPETITION IN BILINGUAL CZECH/ENGLISH AND CHINESE/ENGLISH PRESCHOOLERS. AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15254.
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This thesis used the syntactic priming paradigm to test the abstractness of children’s sentence representations in production. The experiment was modeled on Bencini and Valian’s (2008) priming study with 3-year-olds' and carried out with a group of Czech/English bilingual children aged from 3 to 5 years. During the experimental session, participants were asked to hear and repeat a prime sentence, either in the active or passive form, and then describe an unrelated target picture. The experiment found abstract priming of passives between sentences that shared only structure and differed in lexical content. In describing target pictures with inanimate participants, 11 children primed with passives significantly produced more passive sentences than did 11 children primed with actives. The findings would indicate that children represent syntactic forms at an abstract level, independent of particular lexical items. Accordingly, they provide support for continuity in language development.
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Calderone, Chiara <1990>. "Can you retrieve it? : pragmatic, morpho-syntactic and prosodic features in sentence topic types in Italian Sign Language (LIS)." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17794.
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La presente ricerca, avvalendosi di un approccio multi-disciplinare, indaga la realizzazione prosodica e le proprietà sintattiche di tre tipi di topic in LIS: aboutness, scene-setting e contrastivi. I risultati dimostrano che in LIS, i topic aboutness e scene-setting sono accompagnati da due marker prosodici: le sopracciglia-alzate e la tensione-oculare. Quest’ultimo ricopre anche una funzione pragmatica come marcatore di accessibilità. Entrambi i tipi di topic possono essere separati dalla restante parte della frase da due marker di confine frasale: il battito-cigliare e il cenno del capo in avanti.
Lo studio sui topic contrastivi ha evidenziato l’uso di strategie prosodiche, (i movimenti laterali del busto) e sintattiche, (l’uso di loci segnici differenti) come espressione di contrasto.
Questo studio indaga anche le strategie linguistiche messe in luce dai segnanti, focalizzandosi sulla gestione dell’informazione data, la quale può essere codificata in forma di sintagmi nominali, pronomi o argomenti nulli. In linea con la massima di quantità, i risultati in LIS dimostrano che i segnanti compiono delle scelte linguistiche specifiche in relazione al grado di accessibilità e allo status informazionale dei referenti, i quali possono essere mantenuti salienti o reintrodotti nel discorso. Nello specifico, la scelta dei sintagmi nominali è statisticamente correlata con lo status di referenti reintrodotti e con il contorno prosodico marcato dalla tensione oculare. La sintassi, dunque, sembra ricoprire un ruolo importante e mediano rispetto allo status pragmatico e alla realizzazione prosodica dei referenti.
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Franceschini, Michela <1984>. "Comprehension and production of passive sentences: a longitudinal study of two hearing-impaired twin children." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3368.
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La presente ricerca si focalizza sull’analisi della comprensione e della produzione di frasi passive in due gemelli sordi. Essa fornisce un confronto dei dati ottenuti nel 2011 e quelli del 2013.
I dati, ottenuti in un periodo di 15 mesi, mostrano che i partecipanti hanno un buon livello di comprensione. Infatti, lo studio longitudinale evidenzia un miglioramento nella comprensione di frasi passive in entrambi i bambini.
Nonostante un buon livello di comprensione, nessuno dei partecipanti ha prodotto una frase passiva nel 2011 e nemmeno nel 2013. Tuttavia, hanno adottato notevoli strategie con lo scopo di evitare la costruzione passiva.
Anche se i due bambini non hanno una piena competenza nelle costruzioni passive, il fatto che abbiano ottenuto risultati positivi nel test di comprensione dimostra che hanno accesso a queste strutture sintattiche.
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Morbiato, Anna. "Word order and sentence structure in Mandarin Chinese: new perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3716543.
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Word order (WO) is one of the most fascinating and investigated topics in Mandarin Chinese (MC) linguistics, and many accounts have been proposed on different WO patterns and constructions. However, despite the large amount of research, several WO related issues remain rather controversial. Crucially, no unified consensus exists on the relationship between WO and the different dimensions of the language (i.e. semantics, syntax and pragmatics), and on how these levels interact with each other. The present thesis’s aim is twofold: (1) identify the categories that are useful to account for WO patterns and variations in MC; (2) examine in greater depth the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors that influence word order in MC, as well as how they interact and impose constraints on possible WO variations. The novelty of the approach lies on three aspects: (i) a typological, comparative perspective that benefits from cross-linguistic investigation of WO phenomena in other languages; (ii) a bottom up approach that employs cross-linguistically validated typological tools (e.g., GR tests, or constituenthood tests) aimed at conducting the analysis on a language-internal basis, and (iii) an empirical approach: the analysis avails itself of natural linguistic data, mainly drawn from corpora, and relies on acceptability checks with native speakers. Overall, the thesis highlights that WO patterns and constructions are determined by the interplay of different factors and constraints. It also highlights that, for the sake of clarity and ambiguity avoidance, WO constraints are hierarchically organized, and WO freezing phenomena occur to allow disambiguation of participants in the described event.
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Del, Puppo Giorgia <1984>. "On the acquisition of focus: elicited production of cleft sentences and wh-questions by school-aged, Italian-speaking children." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8343.
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La presente tesi di dottorato indaga la produzione elicitata di strutture grammaticali di diversa complessità sintattica in 115 bambini di madrelingua italiana di età compresa tra i 6 e i 10 anni. Nello specifico, essi sono stati sottoposti ad una batteria di compiti atti ad indurre la produzione orale delle seguenti tipologie di frasi: frasi relative, scisse, interrogative e passive. Il confronto con la performance adulta suggerisce che per alcune strutture i bambini di 9-10 anni non abbiano ancora raggiunto il livello di padronanza e fluenza dell’adulto. L’aver testato i medesimi bambini in più compiti sperimentali consente di effettuare degli interessanti paragoni tra più strutture, e ciò rappresenta un elemento di novità della tesi. Un altro importante elemento di novità riguarda l’analisi che è stata svolta di un corpus di 204 frasi interrogative prodotte dai partecipanti: essa ha riguardato la segmentazione e l’analisi prosodica delle stesse, allo scopo di individuare eventuali differenze nello sviluppo e tra la posizione di estrazione del costituente interrogativo (soggetto vs. oggetto). Nello specifico, l'analisi ha mostrato che la struttura metrica di frasi interrogative wh- sul soggetto e sull'oggetto non si differenzia sulla base della funzione sintattica del costituente estratto. Per cui, una reale ambiguità sintattica e prosodica sembra essere provata. Inoltre, l'analisi ha permesso di stabilire che i bambini in età scolare non si differenziano in modo particolare dagli adulti per quanto riguarda le abilità prosodiche. Per quanto riguarda le altre strutture indagate, i bambini mostrano di saper produrre correttamente frasi scisse contrastive e frasi relative, con alcune differenze per quanto riguarda la ben nota asimmetria soggetto-oggetto e con alcune sottili differenze rispetto agli adulti.
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Alkattan, Mhd Samer. "L'exécution des sentences arbitrales dans les pays arabes du Machrek : étude des droits syrien et libanais comparés au droit français." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100071.
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Nous étudierons, dans cette thèse, la technique de l'exécution des sentences arbitrales (internes, étrangères ou internationales) dans les pays arabes du Machrek, en critiquant et analysant les difficultés qui peuvent retarder cette exécution ou la rendre difficile. Cette étude sera effectuée particulièrement à la lumière ds droits syriens et libanais. La Syrie, qui est comme les rares pays arabes, conserve encore les anciennes règles d'arbitrage contenues dans son code de procédure civile de 1953. Le Liban est plutôt semblable à la plupart des pays arabes ayant adopté des règles modernes en la matière, insérées dans son nouveau code de procédure civile de 1983. L'étude comparée, notamment avec le nouveau droit français sur l'arbitrage, nous permettra de mieux comprendre la situation actuelle dans les pays étudiés.
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Sfriso, Giulia <1996>. "Il bambino dà alla maestra un libro: cross-linguistic structural priming of dative sentences in Italian-English late bilinguals." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17751.
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L’obiettivo di questo studio è di analizzare la performance di studenti/esse italiani/e bilingui tardivi/e di inglese in un task che utilizza il metodo del priming cross-linguistico. (numero di partecipanti) studenti/esse nativi/e di italiano con basso e buon livello di inglese hanno partecipato allo studio come volontari. L’esperimento si compone di 28 frasi priming in inglese associate a 28 immagini con 28 verbi in italiano. Ogni frase priming è introdotta da una frase filler in inglese. Le frasi priming erano sia di tipo transitivo sia di tipo dativo. Inoltre, le frasi dative erano di due tipi, con preposizioni e a doppio oggetto e presentavano le seguenti condizioni: stesso verbo tra frase priming e frase target oppure verbo differente tra le due frasi. Nell’esperimento, i/le partecipanti, dopo aver letto le frasi filler e priming, descrivevano un’immagine con una frase in italiano. Nella descrizione è stato chiesto loro di utilizzare il verbo indicato sotto l’immagine. I risultati dimostrano un forte priming con le frasi transitive e dative con preposizione in tutti/e i/le partecipanti. Le costruzioni a doppio oggetto sembrano essere le più problematiche. Tuttavia, risultati interessanti vengono dalle frasi che presentavano la condizione stesso verbo manifestando un effetto di “lexical boost”.
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Obeid, Zeina. "Le recours en annulation des sentences arbitrales dans les pays arabes : Arabie Saoudite, Bahreïn, Egypte, Emirats arabes unis, Iraq, Jordanie, Koweït, Liban, Qatar, Syrie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020003.
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L’arbitrage dans les pays arabes connaît aujourd’hui une nouvelle dynamique se traduisant pas la promulgation de nouvelles lois d’arbitrage et l’implantation de nouveaux centres d’arbitrage. Cette dynamique est d’autant plus particulière qu’elle se caractérise par la mise en place de zones franches juridiques conduisant à la division du pouvoir judiciaire et à la coexistence de deux systèmes juridiques, on-shore et off-shore. Cette nouvelle dynamique est-elle pour autant le reflet d’une approche désormais favorable à l’arbitrage ? Quelle est la place faite à l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes? La réponse à ces problématiques majeures ne peut s’effectuer qu’à travers l’étude du recours en annulation des sentences arbitrales. En effet, l’approche de l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes ne peut être évaluée qu’à la lumière de la position des tribunaux étatiques lors du contrôle judiciaire de la sentence arbitrale. Il s’agira d’examiner la nature du recours en annulation, sa coexistence avec les voies de recours ordinaires, son exercice et les différents motifs d’annulation. Il s’agira également d’analyser les règlements d’arbitrage qui prennent position sur les voies de recours et in fine sur le sort de la sentence arbitrale à travers l’étude de la demande de reconnaissance et d’exécution des sentences arbitrales, aussi bien dans les zones on-shore que dans les zones off-shore. Cette étude permettra ainsi de déterminer la perception de l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes et les réformes qui doivent être entreprises en vue de sa promotion comme mode normal de résolution des litiges du commerce international<br>Today, within Arab states, a new dynamic in arbitration is taking shape. This is reflected in the proliferation of new arbitration legislation and the establishment of emergent arbitration centres across the region. What makes this new dynamic even more remarkable is the contemporaneous establishment of legal free-zones where judicial power is divided and co-exists between two systems best described as on-shore and off-shore. This thesis seeks to explore the possible implications of this new dynamic with a view to determining whether or not it can be considered a reflection of a developing, more favourable approach to arbitration in Arab countries. In order to address this issue effectively, this thesis will examine the present and immediate approaches to arbitration of judiciaries in 10 Arab states. This will be achieved through the study and analysis of the action for setting aside arbitral awards in these Arab states. This thesis will look at the nature, exercise and application of the action for setting aside arbitral awards. In addition, it will explore the grounds for this action and how, as a recourse, the action for setting aside exists alongside and interacts with other avenues of recourse. In order to assess the current approaches of judiciaries, within Arab countries, this thesis will also analyze current arbitration legislation and institutional regulations. This is in addition to the emerging trends and common practice, that is, in the context of the recognition and execution of arbitral awards, in both on-shore and off-shore legal systems
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Pontrandolfo, Gianluca. "La fraseologìa en las sentencias penales: un estudio contrastivo español, italiano, inglés basado en corpus." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8590.
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2011/2012<br>La presente tesis doctoral abarca el complejo universo de la fraseología en su acepción más amplia, desde una perspectiva contrastiva (español-italiano-inglés), cuantitativa y cualitativa. El objetivo principal del trabajo ha sido realizar un estudio empírico sobre las unidades fraseológicas especializadas empleadas en un género judicial específico (la sentencia penal), con el propósito último de proporcionar a los traductores jurídicos que se ocupen de derecho procesal penal una herramienta multifuncional que tenga un impacto positivo sobre el proceso y el producto de traducción. En particular, esta herramienta se propone ayudar a los traductores jurídicos (o a los expertos en ese campo) a desarrollar su competencia fraseológica a través de la producción de textos “naturales”, exponiéndolos a (con)textos auténticos en los que dichas unidades fraseológicas se emplean. La compilación e interrogación de un corpus trilingüe comparable (Corpus de Sentencias Penales, COSPE) mediante programas de concordancias (sobre todo WordSmith Tools v. 5.0) ha permitido extraer y analizar las principales unidades fraseológicas. El estudio se centra en cuatro tipologías de fraseologismos que desempeñan un papel central en COSPE: locuciones prepositivas, dobletes y tripletes léxicos, colocaciones léxicas y fórmulas estereotipadas.<br>La presente tesi di dottorato si addentra nel complesso universo della fraseologia, nella sua accezione più ampia, da una prospettiva contrastiva (spagnolo-italiano-inglese), quantitativa e qualitativa. L’obiettivo principale del presente lavoro è stato condurre uno studio empirico sulle unità fraseologiche specializzate in uso in un tipo specifico di genere giudiziario (la sentenza penale), con lo scopo finale di offrire ai traduttori giuridici che si occupano di procedura penale uno strumento multifunzionale che abbia un impatto positivo sul processo e prodotto di traduzione. Nello specifico, tale strumento è concepito affinché possa assistere i traduttori giuridici (o esperti del settore) a sviluppare la loro competenza fraseologica finalizzata al raggiungimento di “naturalezza” nella redazione, attraverso l’esposizione a (con)testi autentici in cui tali unità fraseologiche vengono effettivamente utilizzate. Attraverso la compilazione e interrogazione di un corpus trilingue comparabile di sentenze penali (Corpus di Sentenze Penali, COSPE), si sono estratte e analizzate le principali unità fraseologiche mediante software progettati per il supporto all’analisi testuale digitalizzata (concordancers), soprattutto WordSmith Tools v 5.0. Lo studio si incentra su quattro unità fraseologiche ricorrenti in COSPE: locuzioni prepositive, coppie e triplette lessicali, collocazioni lessicali, formule standardizzate.<br>The present thesis deals with the complex universe of phraseology in its broader sense, from a contrastive (Spanish-Italian-English), quantitative and qualitative perspective. The main goal of the research has been performing an empirical study of specialised phraseological units in a specific type of judicial genre, i.e., criminal judgments, with the final aim of providing legal translators dealing with criminal procedure with a multifunctional tool having a positive impact on the translation process and product. More specifically, it aimed at assisting legal translators (as well as legal experts) to develop their phraseological competence, guiding them to achieve ‘naturalness’ in their texts through their exposure to real, authentic (con)texts in which these phraseological units are used. A trilingual, comparable corpus of judicial texts has been built, i.e. the Corpus of Criminal Judgments (COSPE), from which phraseologisms have been extracted and analysed by means of concordancers (mainly WordSmith Tools v 5.0). Emphasis has been placed on four key types of recurrent phraseological units in COSPE: complex prepositions, lexical doublets and triplets, lexical collocations and routine formulae.<br>XXV Ciclo<br>1984
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Abou, assi Sabbagh Nathalie. "La réparation en droit pénal - Etude comparative." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3047.
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La notion de réparation est de plus en plus présente en droit pénal. Indépendamment de la réparation au sens civil du terme, la réparation évolue au cœur de mesures alternatives, communément appelées « troisième voie », et constitue parfois l’essence de certaines peines. La question de la place de la réparation en droit pénal est ainsi soulevée : la réparation est-elle une alternative à la justice pénale ou une composante de la justice pénale ? L’étude comparative des droits français, anglais et libanais apporte un éclairage intéressant à la question. Elle permettra d’analyser les différentes approches en matière de réparation et d’enrichir la réflexion sur la place de la réparation en droit pénal. Ainsi, dans une première partie, l’étude des manifestations de la réparation comme alternative à la justice pénale fait apparaître la réparation comme nouveau mode de réponse pénale. Dans une seconde partie, envisager la réparation comme une composante de la justice pénale permet de révéler des caractères propres à la réparation qui en font une notion autonome qui mérite d’être définie. La réparation pénale redéfinit ainsi aujourd’hui les contours de la justice pénale<br>The concept of reparation is becoming more common in criminal law. In fact, reparation is evolving, independently of the civil aspect of the notion, at the heart of alternative measures, commonly known as a “third way”, and in the essence of some sentences. This brings us to questioning the place of the notion of reparation in criminal law: is reparation an alternative to criminal justice or a component of criminal justice? The comparative study of French law, English law and Lebanese law will shed the light on some interesting aspects of the question. It will open the possibility to analyze the different approaches in terms of reparation and to enrich the study of the reparation’s position in criminal law. In a first part, the study of the reparation’s expressions in criminal law will reveal the concept of reparation as a new response to offences. In a second part, the idea of considering reparation as a component of criminal justice will reveal the notion’s special characteristics that make reparation an autonomous concept that needs to be defined. Nowadays, reparation in criminal law redefines the outlines of criminal justice
Books on the topic ""lian" sentence"
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China) Quan guo liang xing gui fan hua xue shu yan tao hui (2009 Nanjing. Liang xing gui fan hua li lun tan yao: "quan guo liang xing gui fan hua xue shu yan tao hui" lun wen ji. Zhongguo ren min gong an da xue chu ban she, 2010.
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Wang, Tianyou. Xian dai Han yu fu ju guan lian biao ji li shi yan jiu. Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2019.
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China. Zui gao ren min fa yuan. Liang xing gui fan hua gai ge xiang mu zu, ed. "Ren min fa yuan liang xing zhi dao yi jian" yu "liang gao san bu" "guan yu gui fan liang xing cheng xu ruo gan wen ti de yi jian" li jie yu shi yong. Fa lü chu ban she, 2010.
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Qiu, Xiaomin. Liang xing gong zheng zhi cheng xu lu jing: The procedural approaches to sentencing justice. Zhongguo ren min gong an da xue chu ban she, 2010.
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Tu jie li an zheng ju ding zui liang xing biao zhun yu fa lü shi yong bian xie zu. Tu jie li an zheng ju ding zui liang xing biao zhun yu fa lü shi yong: Di 6 ban. Zhongguo fa zhi chu ban she, 2010.
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Xiong, Ying. Liang xing shi ye xia de li gong zhi du yan jiu. Henan ren min chu ban she, 2013.
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Yunteng, Hu, Jiang Huiling, and Li Yuping 1971-, eds. Zhong Mei liang xing gai ge guo ji yan tao hui wen ji: Papers of the Joint Seminar on sentencing reform in China and the United States. Zhongguo fa zhi chu ban she, 2009.
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Zhang, Shuping. Hai xia liang an xing shi si fa hu zhu yan jiu. Jiu zhou chu ban she, 2011.
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Zhongguo fa xue hui. Lian zheng fa zhi yan jiu hui>, ed. Guo jia gong zuo ren yuan shi zhi fan zui jie xian yu ding zui liang xing yan jiu. Zhongguo fang zheng chu ban she, 2010.
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Zhongguo fa xue hui. Lian zheng fa zhi yan jiu hui, ed. Guo jia gong zuo ren yuan lan yong zhi quan fan zui jie xian yu ding zui liang xing yan jiu. Zhongguo fang zheng chu ban she, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic ""lian" sentence"
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Novaes*, Catarina Dutilh. "Tarski's Hidden Theory of Meaning: Sentences Say Exactly One Thing." In Unity, Truth and the Liar. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8468-3_3.
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Patterson, Douglas. "Understanding the Liar." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0008.
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Abstract It seems natural to assume that understanding a language like English is knowing what its sentences mean and, since generally when someone knows something it can be said what it is, to assume that understanding a language is bearing some relation to a true theory that states what its sentences mean. Sentences such as ‘this sentence is false’ and expressions such as ‘does not apply to itself ’ raise problems as to how any such theory could be true, since they induce the derivation of contradictions from claims about them that it would seem reasonable or even unavoidable to include in an adequate semantic theory for a language that contains them. Indeed, Tarski flatly asserted that the set of true sentences could not be defined for any language containing such expressions (1944, 347– 9; 1983, 165, 247 ff. ), a view which, if correct, undercuts the possibility of any account of meaning on which meaning is understood at least in part in terms of the conditions under which a sentence would be in the set of true sentences of a language. Accepting this, however, goes against the assumption that understanding a language like English is some relation to a true theory of this sort, and the traditional response has been to blame Tarski’s views on the simplicity of his logic, in particular on the classical partition of sentences into the true and the false. Some additional category, it is thought, such as ‘meaningless’ or ‘does not express a proposition’, is required to handle such sentences.
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Hofweber, Thomas. "Validity, Paradox, and the Ideal of Deductive Logic." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0005.
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Abstract There are three basic ingredients that together give rise to the semantic paradoxes, and correspondingly there are three basic strategies for a straightforward solution to them. The first ingredient is a logic, like classical logic. This we can simply take as a set of inference rules associated with certain logically special expressions. The second is a truth predicate, or something like it, and some rules or schemas that are associated with it, say introduction and elimination rules, or the Tarski schema. The third ingredient is some other expressive resources that allow one to formulate one of the trouble inducing sentences, like the liar sentence, or the Curry conditional. Once we have these three we can derive contradictions and anything whatsoever using only the rules we have, with the help of the problematic sentences.
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Shapiro, Stewart. "Burali– Forti’s Revenge." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0014.
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Abstract Typical attempts to provide a sufficiently comprehensive account of truth seem to be subject to a phenomenon called ‘revenge’. Although there is no agreed upon account of what the phenomenon of revenge is, the idea seems to be that either it is possible to formulate a so-called strengthened version of the Liar paradox that applies to the account in question, or else the framework forbids the expression of something that, intuitively, is not only manifestly expressible, but is needed to formulate or at least motivate the account in the first place. A particularly ironic form of revenge occurs when an account of truth has it that the theory itself is something other than true. Begin with a standard Liar sentence p which is equivalent to ‘p is false’. Consider a simple, perhaps simple-minded, account that simply says that sentences like p are neither true nor false. Now consider a sentence q that is equivalent to ‘q is either false or neither true nor false’ (or just ‘q is not true’). This, too, leads to paradox under plausible assumptions.
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Priest, Graham. "5. Self-reference: what is this chapter about?" In Logic: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811701.003.0005.
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Sometimes things seem deceptively easy when we consider normal cases. With more unusual cases, the simplicity can disappear—as with self-reference. ‘Self-Reference: what is this chapter about?’ examines the concept of self-reference in various examples like: ‘This very sentence that I am now uttering is false’. It is possible for a name to refer to something of which it, itself, is part. Some of the most ancient paradoxes fall into this area of logic, such as the liar paradox. They challenge the assumption that every sentence is either true or false, but not both. What does this tell us about validity? Sentences can be true, false, both, but never neither.
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Grover, Dorothy. "How Significant is the Liar?" In Deflationism and Paradox. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199287116.003.0012.
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Abstract In their search for an understanding of truth, some philosophers place high priority on explaining the liar sentence (‘this is false’). The belief is that unless a theory of truth provides an explanation of the liar sentence, the theory is seriously Xawed as a theory of truth.
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Eklund, Matti. "The Liar Paradox, Expressibility, Possible Languages." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0003.
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Abstract Here is the liar paradox. We have a sentence, (L), which somehow says of itself that it is false. Suppose (L) is true. Then things are as (L) says they are. (For it would appear to be a mere platitude that if a sentence is true, then things are as the sentence says they are.) (L) says that (L) is false. So, (L) is false. Since the supposition that (L) is true leads to contradiction, we can assert that (L) is false. But since this is just what (L) says, (L) is then true. (For it would appear to be a mere platitude that if things are as a given sentence says they are, the sentence is true.) So (L) is true. So (L) is both true and false. Contradiction..
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Maudlin, Tim. "Reducing Revenge to Discomfort." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0007.
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Abstract My understanding of the Revenge problem is simple and prosaic. One begins with a stock of semantic predicates, for example ‘true’ and ‘false’, and uses some of them to construct a problematic sentence such as ‘F is false’, where F is stipulated to refer to that very sentence. One then considers the various hypotheses that attribute the different semantic predicates to the sentence: ‘F is true’ and ‘F is false’ in this instance. Each of these hypotheses is shown, by informal reasoning, to lead to an impossibility. Suppose we grant that no sentence is both true and false. Then since ‘F is true’ implies, by disquotation, F (i.e. ‘F is false’), the hypothesis that F is true implies that F is both true and false, an impossibility. So we cannot maintain that F is true.
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Simmons, Keith. "Revenge and Context." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0015.
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Abstract It’s hard enough to find a satisfying response to the paradoxes, but the phenomenon of revenge can make it seem impossible. In the simplest manifestation of revenge— call it direct revenge— the pathological sentence or expression re-emerges intact from the attempt to treat it. This is familiar in the case of the liar. Ignorant of my whereabouts, I write on the board:(L) The sentence written on the board in room 101 is not true. But once it’s realized that (L) is written on the board in room 101, we can reason in the usual way to the conclusion that (1) is in some way pathological, perhaps gappy or ungrounded. But if a sentence is pathological, it isn’t true. So the sentence written on the board in room 101 is not true. And this true conclusion says just what (L) says— so the treatment of (L) as pathological has led to the re-emergence of (L) as a truth.
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Read, Stephen. "Bradwardine’s Revenge." In Revenge of the Liar. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233915.003.0011.
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Abstract Suppose Socrates utters sentence (A): Socrates utters a falsehood and I claim, using sentence (B): Socrates utters a falsehood. Bradwardine agrees with this assessment, but considers the following objection: But if it is true that Socrates utters a falsehood, and Socrates says that, then Socrates utters a truth. His reply is: The minor premise is false, because Socrates does not utter the proposition proposed by you and conceded by me [that is, (B)], but another proposition just like it, namely (A).
Conference papers on the topic ""lian" sentence"
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Buscaldi, Davide, and Belem Priego. "LIPN-UAM at EmoInt-2017:Combination of Lexicon-based features and Sentence-level Vector Representations for Emotion Intensity Determination." In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-5236.
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