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1
Chu, Yee-ling. "Defamation on the internet." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24534122.
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Chu, Yee-ling, and 朱綺玲. "Defamation on the internet." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207955.
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Deaton, Dollie F. "Cyberspace invades the First Amendment where do we go from here? /." [Lexington, Ky. : University of Kentucky Libraries], 2001. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukycomm2001t00004/thisone.pdf.
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Moro, Nikhil. "Freedom of expression and the information society a legal analysis toward a libertarian framework for libel /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158715837.
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Mongkolkiatsri, Sirichai. "Private international law context of defamation in the United Kingdom and the European Union context /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26230.
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Luckenbaugh, Bryan. "Slander and its implications a study of James 4:11-12 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Clark, Brady. "Sins of the tongue gossip and slander /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p091-0068.
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Laitenberger, Angelika. "Die Strafbarkeit der Verbreitung rassistischer, rechtsextremistischer und neonazistischer Inhalte : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verbreitung über Netzwerke ; ein Rechtsvergleich /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/35944654X.pdf.
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Grogan, John. "The plea of truth and public benefit as a defence to an action for defamation in South African law." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006974.
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From introduction: The study begins with a detailed examination of the origins of the defence in Roman law, and traces the dispute over the role of the veritas convicii through the writings of the Roman-Dutch jurists and the decisions of the pre-Union colonial courts in South Africa. The gradual absorption of the requirement of public benefit into the contemporary law is examined. Subsequent sections attempt to extract from the case law and to systematise the rules relating to the requirements of the defence of truth and public benefit, with a view to setting forth the circumstances in which the truth may lawfully be published. Section 2 deals with problems relating to proof of the truth of the imputation; Section 3 with the problem of when publication can be said to serve the public benefit. The final section seeks to examine the juridical basis of the defence and to relate it to recent developments in the law of defamation as a whole. Brief conclusions are then drawn and recommendations made.
10
York, Kenneth James. "Reputation as found in the 1983 code of canon law." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Anand, Sanjeev Singh. "Expressions of racial hatred and criminal law : the Canadian response /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21231.pdf.
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Beattie, Kirsten M. Walden Ruth C. "From the wires to wireless how mass communications technologies have affected the libel/slander distinction, single publication, and liability in defamation law /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,918.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master's of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication." Discipline: Journalism and Mass Communication; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.
13
Payne, John Joseph. "The fundamental right to a good reputation a study of Canon 220 in light of the Charter for the protection of children and young people /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
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Fischer, Carl Frederich. "An evaluation of the constitutionality of the common law crime of criminal defamation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/749.
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The challenge in the law of defamation lies in finding the appropriate balance between the two competing rights of freedom of expression and an unimpaired reputation. From Roman and Roman-Dutch law into the modern era, criminal and civil defamation have been very closely linked. The elements and defences are substantially alike. There were several calls prior to 1994 for the abrogation of criminal defamation. Now that the right to an unimpaired reputation, as part of the right to human dignity, and the right to freedom of expression is constitutionally guaranteed, quo vadis the crime of criminal defamation? The Supreme Court of Appeal has recently granted a petition for leave to appeal against convictions for criminal defamation on this very point: is the offence constitutional. Due to the paucity of criminal defamation precedent, the copious civil law precedent concerning civil defamation must be analysed to determine what view the Supreme Court of Appeal will adopt. Prior to 1994 the right to an unimpaired reputation has trumped freedom of expression. Since then, the two leading decisions by the Supreme Court of Appeal and the Constitutional Court have ameliorated this situation slightly, according freedom of expression more weight. Claiming the previous common law position was incorrect, they claim the present common law position is constitutionally sound. Thus the Constitution has in essence had no effect to date upon the balancing of competing rights in the law of defamation. Both courts have erred in according the right to freedom of expression too little weight. This may be due to three judicial errors. Firstly, they have under-appreciated that the values of dignity, equality and freedom fortify and are fortified by the right to freedom of expression. Aspects of dignity such as self-actualisation, self-governance and an acceptance that humans have intrinsic worth are heavily reliant on freedom of expression, particularly political expression. Secondly, while political expression lies at the core of freedom of expression, reputation lies nearer the periphery of the right to dignity. Rights at the core ought to trump competing but peripheral rights. Thirdly, erroneous statements are inevitable in free debate. Unless they too are protected, unacceptable self-censorship occurs. The correct approach is as a matter of policy, particularly regarding political expression, to balance the competing rights with one’s thumb on the free expression side of the scales. This seems the trend of the European Court of Human Rights in recent cases In Canada, an offence punishing libel made intentionally but without knowledge of its falsity was recently ruled unconstitutional. On the other hand, another offence punishing libel made with knowledge it was false, videlicet punishing the intentional publication of defamatory lies, was ruled constitutional. Criminal defamation clearly infringes upon the right to freedom of expression. For this infringement to pass constitutional muster it must be reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society. It fails the limitation test due to the lack of proportionality between its objective in protecting the right to an unimpaired reputation and the harm it does to the right to expression. There are three reasons: firstly the “chilling effect” of imprisonment, over and above pecuniary damages, unacceptably stifles free debate. Secondly, it may punish even the truth, yet protect a falsehood, since the truth per se is not a defence. An undeserved reputation is thus more highly valued than the publication of that truth. Finally there is a well-developed civil remedy that adequately protects the right to reputation of aggrieved persons. In the appeal concerning the constitutionality of the common law offence of criminal defamation, the Supreme Court of Appeal ought to find it unconstitutional.
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Fernandez, Joseph M. "Loosening the shackles of the truth defence on free speech : making the truth defence in Australian defamation law more user friendly for media defendants." University of Western Australia. Law School, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0075.
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Defamation laws truth defence the oldest, most obvious and principal defence has failed Australian media defendants. Few who mount the defence succeed. Many, discouraged by the defences onerousness, do not even attempt it. As a consequence the journalistic articulation of matters of public concern is stifled. This thesis argues that the limitations of the Australian truth defence are inconsistent with established freedom of speech ideals and the public interest in having a robust media. As a result society is constrained from enlightened participation in public affairs. This thesis proposes reforms to alleviate the heavy demands of the defence so as to promote the publication of matters of public concern and to strike a more contemporary balance between freedom of speech and the protection of reputation. These reforms employ defamation laws doctrinal calculus to reposition the speech-reputation fulcrum. While defamation law has for decades attracted reform attention, the truth defence has languished by the wayside. This thesis steps into the breech. The cornerstone of this thesis is a proposal to reverse the burden so that the plaintiff bears the burden of proving falsity of the defamatory publication where: the complainant is a public figure; the matter complained about is a matter of public concern; and the suit involves a media defendant. While this proposal is likely to dramatically alter the prevailing Australian freedom of speech/protection of reputation equilibrium, other measures are proposed to serve as a bulwark against the wanton destruction of reputation.
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Mattsson, Annie. "Komediant och riksförrädare : Handskriftcirkulerade smädeskrifter mot Gustaf III." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122409.
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The opposition against Gustavus III (1746–1792) had limited access to the printing press, but managed to spread a variety of political pamphlets through clandestine manuscripts. The main purpose of the dissertation is to analyse this communication and thereby enhance our understanding of the political culture of the period. The manuscript published oppositional works against Gustavus III have hitherto been little explored. With source material consisting of 120 manuscript libels, this study makes use of three interrelated methodological perspectives: media analysis, rhetorical analysis and analysis of ideas. The combination of media studies and classical rhetoric is inspired by the works of Peter Burke. Questions of production, distribution and consumption frame the discussions. The libels – published anonymously for fear of persecution – were spread through what Harold Love calls “user publication”. This means that many readers contributed to their distribution and through the act of copying also functioned as co-authors. The majority of the libels originated among the estate of the nobility and their political allies. The authors were often accomplished writers, skilfully using a variety of rhetorical strategies to interest and entertain their readers. When viewed in an international context, the Swedish material is revealed as relatively conservative. The arguments in the Swedish works were generally founded on established and traditional values and ideas, and treated Monarchy and Lutheran Christianity as given institutions which stood unquestioned. In comparison to French libels against royalty, Swedes were also more reluctant to use sexual slander. One explanation for this conservatism is that the authors were aiming for a wide audience, and therefore strove to ground their arguments in common values. Another explanation can be found in the fact that many of the works originated within the noble classes: a privileged group which had much to gain from the preservation of traditional social structures.
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Lentz, Matthias. "Konflikt, Ehre, Ordnung : Untersuchungen zu den Schmähbriefen und Schandbildern des späten Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit (ca. 1350 bis 1600) ; mit einem illustrierten Katalog der Überlieferung /." Hannover : Hahn, 2004. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0f4i4-aa.
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Ramió, Costa Carmen. "El Libelluls o demanda en l'estil judicial català entre el ius commune i els iura propia segles XII al XIX : l'estil judicial del libellus o demanda en els iura propria catalans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131077.
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La present tesi estudia i analitza, d'una banda, la institució jurídica
amb la que comença el procés judicial; per l'altre, l'estil judicial
català. L'abast de la investigació se centra en el dret intermedi o vell
règim, enllaçant-lo amb la llei d'enjudiciament civil de 1881.
S'entén per dret intermedi o vell règim, el dret que es va donar
després de la caiguda de l'Imperi Romà fins a arribar a l'actual dret
codificat del segle XIX-XX, i rep el nom de ius commune et iura
propia; en el qual, la institució d'inici del procés judicial era
anomenada libellus i/o demanda. També, en aquesta època
històrica, es donava un estil judicial propi en cada regne; raó per la
qual ens centrem en l'estil judicial del Principat de Catalunya. La
investigació del libellus o demanda observa les diferències i
semblants que la uneixen o separen amb la demanda judicial del
codi processal civil de 1881.<br>This thesis studies and analyzes, on the one hand, the institution
initiating the judicial process; and on the other hand, Catalan
judicial style. The scope of the research is focused on the
intermediate law (the middle Ages or old regime), linking it with
the Civil procedure law of 1881. Intermediate laws or old regime
rights, which are called ius commune et iura propia, they mean the
rights conferred after the fall of the Roman Empire up to the current
Civil Procedure law of the 19th and 20th Centuries. The institution
that initiates the judicial process was called in the ius commune et
iura propia: libellus and / or demand. Also, in this historical epoch,
each kingdom had its own judicial style. Therefore we focus on the
judicial style of the Principality of Catalonia. This research into the
libellus and/or demand notes similarities and differences between
them and the demand or slander. Demand is the current name of the
institution which begins the trial according to the civil procedure
law of 1881.<br>La presente tesis estudia y analiza, por un lado, la institución
jurídica iniciadora del proceso judicial; por el otro, el estilo judicial
catalán. El alcance de la investigación se centra en el derecho
intermedio o viejo régimen, enlazándolo con la ley de
enjuiciamiento civil de 1881. Se entiende por derecho intermedio o
viejo régimen, el derecho que se dio después de la caída del Imperio
Romano hasta llegar al actual derecho codificado del siglo XIXXX,
y recibe el nombre de ius commune et iura propia; en el que, la
institución de inicio del proceso judicial era llamada libellus y/o
demanda. También, en esta época histórica, se daba un estilo
judicial propio en cada reino; razón por la que nos centramos en el
estilo judicial del Principado de Cataluña. La investigación del
libellus o demanda observa las diferencias y parecidos que la unen o
separan con la demanda judicial del código procesal civil de 1881.
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Costa, Déborah Regina Lambach Ferreira da. "Reparação do dano à imagem das pessoas jurídicas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5351.
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Deborah Regina Lambach Ferreira da Costa.pdf: 721094 bytes, checksum: 08a6d037883f68580c4820a74a74bd27 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-09-23<br>In a globalized world, owners of image rights are more vulnerable to damages for
which compensation may be sought. New technologies, the web, TV, broadcasting
channels and mechanical systems in general, which disseminate information in real
time making it accessible to millions of people, increase this exposure to defamation.
Both legal entities governed by private and public law that own rights of publicity
consistent with their legal status run the risk of having their images damaged. Items
V and X of article 5 of the Brazilian Constitution provide that these entities are entitle
to compensation for libel and slander, or moral damages in a literal translation from
Portuguese.
Detaching the concept of libel and slander from pain and suffering , the Brazilian
Superior Court of Justice published case law summary [ Súmula ] No. 227 which
resulted in the application of article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights
to prevent abuse of the freedom of expression and ensure maximum protection to
reputation.
This study is an in-depth analysis of image rights based on the initial assumption that
these are autonomous rights of publicity entitled to protection both at constitutional
and infraconstitutional level.
The compensation for image damages leaves formal positivism aside to follow the
paradigm shift introduced by the Constitution of Brazil ratified in 1988 when social,
ethical and operational principles -- even within the scope of civil liability -- where
brought to light allowing the interpretation of the Civil Code to be consistent with the
concepts of equity and justice in an attempt to foster ethics and compassion in
society<br>Na era globalizada, o titular do direito à imagem está mais vulnerável a sofrer um
dano ressarcível. O avanço da tecnologia, a Internet, a televisão, os meios de
radiodifusão e o sistema mecanizado em geral, que propagam a informação em
tempo real, acessível a milhões e milhões de outros sujeitos, expõe as pessoas cada
vez mais ao vilipêndio.
Tanto as pessoas jurídicas de direito privado, como as de direito público, podem ser
vítimas de dano à imagem, porque titulares de direitos da personalidade compatíveis
com a sua natureza jurídica. Ademais, lhes é assegurada a reparação do dano moral
nos incisos V e X do artigo 5º da Constituição Federal.
A jurisprudência, desapegando-se do conceito de dano moral como o dano da
alma , editou a Súmula n. 227 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Passou-se a
interpretar o artigo 10 da Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos de modo a
coibir abusos do direito de livre expressão na proteção da reputação em toda a sua
amplitude.
De modo que o direito à imagem será analisado com profundidade, tomando-se
como ponto de partida a afirmação de que é um direito da personalidade autônomo,
recebendo proteção constitucional e infraconstitucional.
A reparação do dano à imagem aparta-se do rigor formal do positivismo,
acompanhando a mudança de paradigma trazida pela Constituição Federal de 1988,
que aflorou, inclusive no âmbito da responsabilidade civil, princípios como da
socialidade, da eticidade e da operabilidade, com vistas a dar interpretação e
subsunção às normas do Código Civil consentâneas com a equidade e a justiça, em
prol de uma sociedade mais ética e fraterna
20
Collins, Matthew. "Defamation and the internet." 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7105.
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The Internet is a unique and revolutionary medium of communication. The objective of this dissertation is to identify whether there are areas in which reform of the rules of Australian civil defamation law needs to be undertaken to meet the challenges posed by this new medium and, if so, to advocate desirable reforms.<br>The methodology by which the dissertation sets out to achieve its objective is a systematic analysis of how the defamation cause of action, defences and remedies, as well as relevant jurisdiction and choice of law rules, apply, or are likely to apply, to material published via the Internet.<br>It is possible to distil five features of communication via the Internet which are of relevance to the operation of the rules of civil defamation law:<br>- Internet communications do not respect geographical boundaries: they involve the transfer of signals from computers in indeterminate locations, to other computers in indeterminate locations, via routes which are indeterminate;<br>- intermediaries, in the form of Internet service providers and network operators, play a central role in all Internet communications;<br>- material published via the Internet can be republished to a wide and geographically diverse audience more easily than material published via other means;<br>- material on the Internet is organised through the use of hyperlinks which blur the distinction between where one publication ends and the next begins;<br>- the Internet can be used in a wide variety of ways, to resemble almost any other medium, including the telephone, the postal service, radio, television, newspapers or libraries.<br>Once the way in which the Internet works and is used is understood, it is possible to predict how most of the rules of defamation law would apply to material published via the Internet. The outcome of the research undertaken in this dissertation is that most of those rules are capable of being applied without the need for reform.<br>In other areas, however, the existing rules give rise to uncertainty, or undesirable outcomes, when applied to Internet publications. In those areas, reform is desirable. Ultimately, four areas of reform of the existing rules of defamation law are identified, and desirable reforms suggested:<br>1 Reform to clarify whether different types of Internet publication are libel or slander.<br>2 Reform to ensure that intermediaries of Internet publications are only liable for civil defamation where their conduct is sufficiently culpable to warrant the attribution of liability.<br>3 Expansion of the remedies available in civil defamation law to provide successful plaintiffs with more effective means of vindicating their reputations where they have been damaged by defamatory Internet publications.<br>4 Reform of the choice of law rules applicable to intra-Australian publications, by adoption of a rule that substantive rights and liabilities are determined by applying solely the law of the place (or places) of publication, regardless of the place in which proceedings are brought and determined.
21
ting-huang, hsieh, and 謝庭晃. "The study on criminal libel and criminal slander." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63846920459647979351.
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Cheer, Ursula. "Reality and myth : the New Zealand media and the chilling effect of defamation law : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law, University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3050.
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Fortier-Landry, Florence. "La diffamation sur Internet : actualiser la responsabilité en droit civil et en common law au Canada." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11759.
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En cette ère que plusieurs surnomment le « Web 2.0 », les usagers se sont emparés avec enthousiasme des fonctions liées aux communications et au partage sur Internet, ce médium devenant ainsi une nouvelle plate-forme pour les enjeux liés à la vie privée et à la réputation. La diffamation constitue justement un des problèmes prédominants constatés en lien avec ce contenu électronique, plus particulièrement lorsqu’il est question de contenu généré par les utilisateurs. Face à cet outil permettant une diffusion et une intéractivité sans précédent, comment devons-nous aborder Internet au regard des règles de droit applicables au Canada en matière de diffamation? L’analyse juridique traditionnelle sied-elle aux nouvelles réalités introduites par ce médium?
Le bijuridisme canadien nous impose d’étudier parallèlement les régimes de droit civil et de common law et ce, dans une optique comparative afin de comprendre les concepts et le fonctionnement propres à chacune des approches juridiques cohabitant au pays. Cette analyse nous permettra de mettre en lumière les particularités du médium électronique qui se révèlent pertinentes lorsqu’il est question de diffamation et qui font la spécificité des situations et des acteurs en ligne, distinguant ainsi Internet des modes de communications traditionnels que le droit connaît.
Cette approche comparative permet de poser un regard critique sur chacun des régimes de droit en vigueur au Canada, considérant la réalité propre à Internet et au contenu généré par les utilisateurs, mais surtout, vise à promouvoir le développement de méthodes d’analyse véritablement ancrées dans le fonctionnement du médium en cause et susceptibles d’évoluer avec celui-ci.<br>In this era often called « Web 2.0 », users have jumped with enthousiasm on the functions of communications and sharing on the Internet, this medium becoming a new platform for issues relating to privacy and reputation. Defamation is one of the main concerns about electronic content, more specificially regarding user generated content (UGC). Dealing with this tool which enables an unprecedented dissemination and interactivity in communications, how should we treat Internet with regards to the legal rules applicable in matters of defamation in Canada? Does the traditionnal legal analysis fit the new reality introduced by this medium?
Because of Canada’s bijuralism, we will study separately the civil law and common law regimes with a comparative method in order to understand the concepts and the functionning specific to each of the legal approaches cohabiting in Canada. It will allow us to identify the special features of the electronic media which stand out when confronted with matters of defamation and which caracterize the specificity of the online context and users, therefore distinguishing it from the traditionnal means of communication known by the law.
This comparative analysis aims to take a citical look at each of the law regimes in effect in Canada, considering the reality of Internet and its user generated content. Mainly, this study aims to foster the development of analytical methods truly entrenched in the functionning of the medium concerned and likely to evolve therewith.
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Zhang, Jing. "Small Words, Weighty Matters: Gossip, Knowledge and Libel in Early Republican China, 1916-1928." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D87Q0FZC.
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In the years following the death of the autocratic ruler Yuan Shikai (1859-1916), the flow of gossip surrounding political leaders in China’s urban spheres revealed an open, disorderly yet robust arena full of competing voices, agendas, and manipulations. My dissertation examines gossip as both a new body of public political knowledge and a means of popular participation in this politically-fragmented and transitional era. On the one hand, this body of political knowledge engaged a wide spectrum of Chinese society engaged with this body of political knowledge, and which fostered an uncontrolled playful citizenship in China’s urban spaces. On the other hand, this new civic participation prompted the fledging Republican state to curb the dissemination of information through censorship, legal avenues and political propaganda. I argue that political gossip played a constructive role in forming a participatory political culture, in developing state mechanisms to discipline popular knowledge, and in transforming shaping legal categories of defamation. Different fromAs opposed to other studies that analyze the formation of Chinese citizenship in the process of nation-building, my project contextualizes the popular political participation in the Republican era within a broader shift in political culture that was increasingly shaped by the entertainment media. Lower- class information traders and a commoner audience dominated in the gossip economy by actively producing and consuming narratives and opinions, without being restricted by state education and elite activism. My research thus offers a brand new bottom-up perspective in the studyies of Republican Chinese political culture.
Chapter 1 examines the commercialization of “trivial information” by focusing on the rise of a commercially driven and professionalized group of gossipmongers across varying social-economic strata in the late 1910s and the early 1920s. The expansion of the community affected both the practice and mindset of gossipmongers in the industry. Chapter 2 shows how the entertainment interplayed with political significance in the early Republican gossip publications to involve more commoner readers in both knowledge production and consumption in this gossip economy. This unique mode challenged conventional top-down knowledge transmission and the sense of exclusivity in the field of knowledge production. Chapter 3 illuminates the state’s efforts at developing a new censorship system and tactics of moral persuasion for re-building knowledge and establishing moral authority in the late 1910s. I show that the central government was a functional authority in the cultural realm during the period of chaotic and fragmentation. Chapter 4 turns to the relationship between the mass media and the defamation law. It focuses on a 1919 case in which the Beijing government sued the Republican Daily for insulting the President. Although the state attempted to use the legal instrument to fix a boundary between playful and serious political discussion, the Press’ commercial pursuit and insistence on autonomy gradually transformed this means of taming into a mechanism of publicity. The last chapter analyzes the politics of visibility from the aspect perspective of political leaders who also drew on the discursive power of gossip by examining Jiang Jieshi’s coordinated effort to take control publicity surrounding his romantic life and wedding ceremony in 1927. In this new form of official political communication, a striking tension persisted between the attempts of to use the form and dissemination power of gossip as an effective technique of social influence and the unruly commercial adaptation of media narratives.
25
Rajoo, Shalini Kisten. "The impact of the constitution on the common law of defamation." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5147.
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Coetzee, Marius. "Die horisontale werking van die handves van menseregte met spesifieke verwysing na die reg insake laster." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17910.
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With this piece of work an attempt is made to have a objective evaluation of the
influence of South Africa's Bill of rights on the common law of Defamation. the
following aspects are being highlighted:
The general application of the Bill of Rights and its relevant sections;
A comparative study of the application of Bill of Rights with special
reference to the United States, Canada, India and Germany;
The law of Defamation under a new legal order, with specific reference to
whether the Bill of Rights does apply to Defamation and if so how will it
change the current common law of Defamation.<br>Text in Afrikaans<br>Law<br>LL.M.
27
Bayer, Carolin Anne. "Re-thinking the common law of defamation : striking a new balance between freedom of expression and the protection of the individual’s reputation." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11633.
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Reputational interests are protected against defamatory and injurious statements by the common
law o f defamation, which permits the targeted individual to recover damages for the injury to his
reputation. At the same time, this body of common law sets limits to the constitutional right to
free expression of the person who made the penalized communication. However, since s.32(l)
of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - according to the Supreme Court of Canada -
restricts the Charter's application to the actions of legislative, executive and administrative
branches of government, the Charter will be at best a bit player in defamation litigation
governed by common law rule.
This thesis deals with the tension between promoting free speech and protecting a person's
reputation, i.e. with the questions whether the common law of defamation has achieved the
correct balance between the protection of the individual's reputation and freedom of expression,
or whether it needs to be modified in order to better accord with the Charter.
A n important component of this thesis is its review of the decision of Hill v. Church of
Scientology, where the Supreme Court of Canada addressed the question of whether defamation
law needs to be reconsidered in light o f the Charter protection of free expression, and found the
balance struck by the current law to be appropriate. A critical look at this decision, and more
generally at the law of defamation itself, particularly its presumptions of falsity, malice and
damages, will reveal the problems with the common law's resistance to making any major
allowance for free expression.
The author will argue that the Charter should apply to the common law in the same way as it
applies to statutory law and that defamation law in particular would, in all probability, not
survive the test under s.l of the Charter, concerning the justification of a limitation to a
fundamental right. It will be concluded that the common law of defamation needs to be
modified, i.e. that it must accord significantly more weight to freedom of expression in order to
be consistent with the Charter.
Insofar as the extent of such modification is concerned, the author will propose first of all to
give the element of fault a more significant role in the common law of defamation. In addition,
she will argue that the common law presumptions should be abolished. In sum, the author's
reform proposal requires the plaintiff to prove not only that the words he complains of are
defamatory, identify him and are published to a third person, but also that they are false, did
indeed cause damage to his reputation and that the defendant acted with fault, i.e. intentionally
or negligently, when publishing the defamatory falsehoods.
28
Van, Heerden Cornelia Maritha. "Invloed van die grondwet op die bewyslas in die lasterreg." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16302.
Full textAbstract:
Summaries in Afrikaans and English<br>Text in Afrikaans<br>Die siviele lasterreg word gekenmerk deur verdeeldheid aangaande bewyspligtigheid. 'n
Unieke situasie doen horn voor: weerlegbare regsvermoedens van onregmatigheid en animus
iniuriandi word opgevolg deur verskeie regsverdigingsgronde. Bykomend hiertoe stel die
Grondwet die vereiste van konstitusionele regverdiging vir beperkings op fundamentele regte.
'n Oorsig oor die regspraak in sowel die voorgrondwetlike - as na-grondwetlike bedeling, dui
op 'n versuim deur die howe om behoorlik aandag te skenk aan die bewyspligtigheidsgevolge
van die regverskynsels wat hulself in die lasterreg voordoen.
In hierdie verhandeling word bewyspligtigheid in lastersake krities ondersoek om vas te stel of
dit die reg korrek weerspieel en om 'n werkbare bewyslasformule vir lasteraksies in 'n
konstitusionele litigasie te vind. Daar word voorgestel dat die probleem opgelos word deur 'n
tweefase-benadering: Die eiser moet in die eerste fase die omvang van sy reg bewys en dat
daarop inbreuk gemaak is. In die tweede fase moet die verweerder sy regverdigingsgronde
bewys, asook dat dit konstitusioneel regverdigbaar is.<br>The civil law of defamation is marked by discord regarding onus of proof. A unique situation
evidences itself: rebuttable presumptions of law concerning unlawfulness and animus iniuriandi
are followed by various grounds of justification. In addition thereto the Constitution sets the
requirement of constitutional justification for limitations on fundamental rights.
An overview of case law in the pre-constitutional as well as the post-constitutional
dispensation, indicates a failure by the courts to pay proper attention to the evidentiary
consequences of the legal phenomena found in the law of defamation.
In this dissertation onus of proof in defamation cases is critically examined to ascertain whether
it reflects the law correctly and to find a workable "onus of proof" -formula for defamation
cases in a constitutional dispensation. It is suggested that the problem be solved by a two stage
approach: in the first phase, the plaintiff must prove the extent of his right and the
encroachment thereof . In the second phase the defendant must prove his grounds of
justification and show that they are constitutionally justifiable.<br>Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law<br>LL.M.