Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Libéralisme – France – 19e siècle'
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Busaall, Jean-Baptiste. "La réception du constitutionnalisme français dans la formation du premier libéralisme espagnol : (1808-1820)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32001.
Full textDuring the Peninsular war, two Constitutions had been promulgated for Spain. The first one done in Bayonne in1808 and directly redacted on the model of the Consulate and Empire's constitutional bloc had been the juridical basis of the regime called afrancesado. The second one had been promulgated in Cadiz in 1812 at the end of a difficult political debate opened inside the camp of armed resistance to the French by the advocates of a Spanish revolution that was supposed to be limited to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. The analysis of both constitutional process and political and juridical discourse demonstrate that a Napoleonic Constitution participated in the formation of the doctrinaire liberalism that dominated the governmental ideology of the nineteenth century and that the liberalism of the Cadiz's Constitution was the result of a double deformation, the one of a republican reading of medieval institutions and the other of the principles of the modern science of constitutional government
Waserman, Franck. "Les doctrines financières publiques en France au 19e siècle : emprunts économiques, empreinte juridique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010306.
Full textDiaz, Delphine. "Un asile pour tous les peuples ? : proscrits, exilés, réfugiés étrangers en France 1813-1852." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010689.
Full textLoncle, Stéphanie. "Libéralisme et théâtre. Pratiques économiques et pratiques spectaculaires à Paris (1830-1848)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100156.
Full textDuring the July Monarchy, French society is deeply transformed by the liberalisation of its political and economical activities. The Parisian theatrical life is a field of experiment of these new practices. Our thesis first studies the different and contradictory ways of the liberation of theatrical activities, in particular through the history of eight representative Parisian theatres. The traditional conflict between playwrights, actors, audience, critics and directors is updated within the framework of a “theatrical circle” characterized by free-market economy, competition, contractualization. Field of experiments, the Parisian theatrical life is also a theoretical object, at the heart of economical, political, juridical, historical and even philosophical debates. The second part of this work deals with the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon: how theatrical liberalism is thought, legitimated, questioned and promoted during the period? Theatre seems to be finally free to exist in society, without being controlled by politics and to become integrated into the economic field as if it were an industry.But this apparent integration actually reveals theoretical and practical deep contradictions that weaken the idea of liberalism. The performative nature of stage and theatre raises the issue of the liberal definition of the individual and society. Hence theatrical liberalism does not mean a political and economical lack of interest in theatre. On the contrary, it must be studied as a change of theatrical regime which affects not only social, economical and political conditions of theatrical activities, but the relationship between theatre and society, which is totally transformed. The third part of this work is thus dedicated to the study of critical potential of stage performances that remain (or don’t) just as theatre seems to have gained his social legitimacy
Markiewicz, Patrice. "Louis Wolowski, un intellectuel et un représentant du libéralisme en France au milieu du 19eme siècle." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100115.
Full textBorn August 31st 1810 in Varsaw, Louis Wolowski studies law. He takes a hand in Polish insurrection during 1830-1831, then he is appointed secretary of the Polish legacy in Paris. After the Polish defeat, he stays in Paris and becomes a lawyer. He founds with other French lawyers the "Revue de législation et de jurisprudence". In 1838, thanks to his works on the joint stock companies and the land credit, he is nominated as professor of economics and industrial legislation at the Conservatoire des arts et métiers. Member of the Parliament in 1848 then in 1849, he studies work organisation and coalitions and defends bimetallism and the Banque de France issue monopoly. After December 1852, leaving the political debate, he becomes the first director of the Crédit foncier. He both analyzes the monetary and bank context and free-trade. In 1855, nominated as member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques, he supports the German historical school of economics, basing his analysis method upon facts observation, history and statistics. He elaborates his own conception of liberalism by opposition with the classics, the economical "ancien régime" and the socialist ideas. Paying attention to the social problems, he also considers that state must be "a buckler and a lever" for the economical activity. Reelected member of the Parliament in 1871, then Senator, he dies on August 15th, 1876
Abiven, Yohann. "Le bourgeois, le prêtre, l'ouvrier : religion et politique à Landerneau (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G018.
Full textA liberal and educated middle class, a conservative peasantry, a proud aristocracy, a venerated Church, a large working-class population; these are the forces present which make the town of Landerneau an exemplary case-study of the reconfiguration of the doctrine and politics of the era. The present thesis, using the methods of historical political-science, sets out to analyze the strategic alliances among Landerneau’s secular and religious elite groups, from the instauration of universal, male suffrage right up to periods when the public sphere seemed to demonstrate a wholly new face. Based on the Landerneau elites’ very ostensible Catholic faith, and our examination, in the first part of this thesis, of all its political and religious implications, we employ the all-too-ignored category of “bourgeois Catholicism”, a theme derived from the work of Emile Poulat. The intense quarrels, which oppose the parish to the town hall, contribute to the formation of ‘Catholic opinion’, soon exemplified by a Catholic party and value system particularly at odds with a more classic, Catholic-bourgeois framework. In the second part, we explore how the broader middle class prudently and pragmatically coalesces with the more intransigent Catholic social movement, effectively a political force controlled by local clergy, thus joining the Christian Democratic side of politics. This political choice of ‘clerical populism’ was unusual for the middle classes, more accustomed to traditions of independence. The real fear of working-class, socialist militancy thus cements a new conservative party bringing together diverse social forces ranging from more or less liberal vested-interests to clerically-influenced democrats. In essence, we explore the new cleavages within the broad Right as new temporal concerns touch even the Holy See. The proponents of the new campaigning Church draw on their Christian Democrat roots, on the language and even the ideas of contemporary liberal and socialist perspectives. In a sense, we witness the surprising revival, by strange paths and from varied origins, of a certain ‘bourgeois Catholicism’ and its concomitant claim to a greater degree of autonomy from the authority of the formal Church
Triomphe, Pierre. "Les mises en scène du passé au Palais-Bourbon (1815-1848) : Aux origines d'une mémoire nationale." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30066.
Full textThroughout the age of history, the political debate in France made an extensive use of the past. Hence the interest of methodically studying the historical references found in the speeches of the House of Commons over a period beginning with the Restoration and the debates on the "Adresse", and closing with the end of the July Monarchy. Three distinct lines of approach or analysis can then be defined. One, where laying stress on the past is a way of making sense of the present at critical political junctures ; two, where judging from the personalities and events they mention, the various speakers share far more of a common imagination than generally acknowledged ; three, where the complexity of their relationship to the past, or areas of the past, poses a problem, as also the confrontation of any given theory of history to the hazards of the day to day debates. In all three cases, the break brought about by the "Trois Glorieuses" looms very large. With the July monarchy taking over from the Restoration, there occurs a dramatic change in the MP's references to the past : after 1830, the focus is both chronologically on more recent times (1789 is a limit rarely exceeded) and shared, in essentials at least, by all political families. Thus, the first draft of a national memory takes shape under the July monarchy, heralding the fuller Republican statement to follow, and pointing to an ever more progressist view of history
Ardaillou, Pierre. "Les républicains du Havre au XIXe siècle (1815-1889)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040134.
Full textHaving been a liberal city during the restoration and a pro-government city during the Monarchy of July, Le Havre accepted the Second Republic only reluctantly, with the result that it never fully embraced the Republican ideal. The search for an intermediate path between the "parti de l'ordre" and the "démocrates-socialistes" ended in failure. Yet, a republican movement emerged at the beginning of the 1860s as a result of a fragile union between liberal merchants and democrats. The Prussians ‘siege of the town meant that the Republic was permanently adopted, for it had become synonymous with the resistance to foreign invasion. Henceforth, Le Havre became one of the bastions of opportunistic republicanism. This evolution was due to the attitude of the local elites. As one of the main ports of France, Le Havre acted as a magnet for young people eager to make their fortune throughout the century. The Republic which was eager to ensure equal opportunity for all through education and to encourage individual achievement appeared to them to be the ideal form of government. The fact that part of the elite was protestant also played a part in the shift from political and economic liberalism towards republicanism. In other respects, the success of the Republic is inextricably linked to the attitude of the city's working class which veered over to the left as early as the Second Empire, while trusting the liberal and republican elites who were portraying the Republic as synonymous with progress for all through the development of education, trade unions and constructive agreement between workers and employers. Finally, the adoption of a new political regime can be explained by the emergence of a republican sociability. Committees and clubs, societies promoting education, gymnastic or shooting clubs, and choral societies were created. These all served as places where the republican leaders could come into contact with the working class and spread the democratic ideals
Pitavy-Simoni, Pascale. "Aux origines du laissez faire : les libéralismes économiques en France au dix-huitième siècle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010068.
Full textThis thesis sets out to relate french origins of laissez faire in order to show the emergence of a number of different types of economic liberalism in France in the eighteenth century, that is to say different from physiocratic or smithian thought. This interpretation of liberal discourses' plurality is developped through a double research main line : on the one hand, a wealth's analysis ; new theoritical conceptualizations of wealth -land or labor- represent a fondamental step around four items : money, corn trade, luxury and tax system. On the other hand, it is explained that economic freedom is claimed, in France in the eighteenth century, against practical and principles of colbertism. In others words, this thesis shows firstly that economic liberalism emerges in france in the eighteenth century, secondly that it emerges from this new theoritical conceptualizations of wealth and against Colbertism's interventionist hegemony, and finally that different types of economic liberalism consequently exist. Three strands of economic liberalism are distinguished : the monetary liberalism of melon and dutot ; the property rights liberalism of the physiocrats ; and the egalitarian liberalism of gournay and graslin. Through this plurality of liberal thought, the thesis sets also out to think about what is traditionally attributed to economic liberalism -individualism, noninterventionism, free trade
Gasparini, Éric. "La pensée politique d'Hippolyte Taine : entre traditionalisme et libéralisme." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX32019.
Full textTaine ( 1828-1893 ), historian and politist of the xixth century, associates history and politic, tradition and nation, and follows up the french traditionalist thought. Disciple of spinoza and hegei, he laicizes traditionalism with rejecting the reference in god for the science's primacy. Comtism, positivism of s. Mill and buckle, scientism, naturalism and darwinism conduct him to adopt a determinist method which sets on " race, mean and moment ". With this method, taine wants determine a political science. Taine7s political thought is dualist, between traditionalism and liberalism. He asks the question of the citizen's place in front of power. He is liberal and he advocates constitutional monarchy and parliamentary regim. He wants limited state and defends rights and liberties for citizens taine's political thought inspire french nationalists as m. Barres and also republicans or socialists as e. Herriot and l. Blum
Doria, Corinne. "Filosofia, politica e morale nel pensiero di Pierre Paul Royer-Collard (1763-1845)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010656.
Full textLouis, Jérôme. "La monarchie de juillet et la question d'orient." Paris, EPHE, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550827v1.
Full textAfter the battle of Navarino (20 October, 1827), viceroy Mehmet Ali stood against his sovereign, the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II. As generals, his son Ibrahim Pasha and the French renegade Soliman Pasha contributed to the victories of Saint-Jean D'Acre, Homs, Beylan and Konieh during the First Syrian War (1831-1833). Powers fidgeted. Equilibrium should be broken. France of Louis Philippe helped Egypt and colonized Algeria. Prosper Enfantin and the Saint Simonians tried to modernize the Middle East but is still suspected of bonapartism. During the second Oriental crisis, Turks were defeated at Nezib, 24 June, 1839. The Prime Minister Thiers jeopardized the European peace. Great Britain, Austria, Russia defended the sultan. English and Austrian vessels were drawn up in front of Syria and Lebanon. After the landing of allied troops, Egyptians retreated. Alone, France couldn't fight for Mehmet-Ali. Terrorist Darmes failed to shoot with a rifle the king Louis Philippe for his inaction about Oriental Question, 15 October, 1840. Soult and Guizot took the place of Thiers. A new diplomacy was conducted but the republicans didn't forget the humiliating Treaty of London
Lemaire, Elina. "Les doctrines parlementaires des Lumières et les institutions libérales : Contribution à une histoire du libéralisme français." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020015.
Full textAndriot, Antonin. "Entre héritage national et influences britanniques : une histoire croisée du libéralisme et des libéraux français entre 1859 et 1929." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2022UCFAL026_ANDRIOT.pdf.
Full textIs France, as the founder of the École libre des sciences politiques Émile Boutmy wrote in 1901, more inclined by its history to demand “state supervision” than its British neighbor? If this commonplace dies hard, it is essentially because Anglophile liberals in the 19th century, particularly during their opposition to the Second Empire, nurtured a certain admiration for what they considered to be a British model, with a deeply rooted liberal culture, and from which it would be appropriate to be inspired in order to reach a form of political maturity. Beyond appearances, the aim is to understand that French liberalism was the object of a cross-construction, between transnational influences and national hybridizations, particularly from the 1860s to the 1920s, when a liberal-republican culture asserted itself; how did the French liberals work for this constitutional, partisan, cultural transition called for, what were their successes and failures in the face of other competing aspirations, and within the framework of changing contemporary societies in political and social spheres? Through a Franco-British perspective, it is a set of cultural transfers around liberalism that are to be rediscovered, to better understand the development of the regime that is liberal democracy
Fretel, Anne. "L'association entre libéralisme économique et État social : Une analyse des schèmes de justification de l'économie sociale aux XIXe et XX siècles." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010033.
Full textSkornicki, Arnault. "Les rationalisations politiques d’une "science nouvelle" : essai sur l’économie politique en France (1750-1776)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100203.
Full textThe present work focuses on the formation of political economy in France, in a key moment of its historical development, from Gournay to Turgot and passing by the Physiocrats. Far from emerging as a specialised and autonomous subject field/area, this “new science” became one of the leading modalities of the political discourse during the 18th century Enlightenment, to the extent of claiming, along with the Physiocrats, the monopoly over political knowledge. Drawing on an extended corpus of printed texts and archive sources, this essay in the social history of ideas enquires into the political dimension of economics, slightly overlooked nowadays. Its argument emphasizes the idea that the French Enlightenment’s political economy is not a mere philosophy of liberty, founded by scholars seduced by the concepts of reason and humanity; nor is it an ideology that universalizes the interests of the ascending bourgeoisie, but rather it represents a state knowledge that constituted itself against the royal court society and the privilege system. The main actors/agents in this knowledge system are men of letters and administrators engaged in a complex relationship to politics. Their « liberalism » is not to be understood as hostility towards the State, but rather as a political technology that conceives liberty as a modality of social regulation and science as a means of reestablishing the monarchy’s legitimacy. The institution of the competitive market, freed of privileges, was considered a means to reshape the elites, and thus, to rationalize the political order. Following Turgot’s ascension to power, political economy, the queen of the sciences, became thus the science of the kings
Leblay, Anne. "Proscrits ibériques à Paris au temps des monarchies constitutionnelles (1814-1848)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419419.
Full textThe presence in Paris of Spanish and Portuguese political refugees is significant during Restauration and monarchie de Juillet. Iberic emigrations play their part in the creation of a first status of refugees at the beginning of monarchie de Juillet : an asylum policy, developed from the model of treatment of war prisoners, is created for the Spaniards. The individual and political surveillance towards refugees is replaced by a general policy of allocating “subsides” and setting residence is organized, which tends to a global control system. But, in the continuity of Restauration and despite official statements, refugees care remains biased. Portuguese liberal organization between 1828 and 1833 is close to a exiled State. It gives assistance to the refugees, realizes an active propaganda and carries on the military battle. During Restauration, Paris’ play is limited for the Spanish liberal. But with the failure of “pronunciamientos” strategy, various representative boards of refugees are tried out in 1830-1831. Despite their failure, they convey new political patterns based on representativeness and freedom of expression. Refugee situation also questions identity. Proscription contributes to the emergence of a nationalism “in exile”. Both populations emigrate with the family. The army is a conveyor of solidarity, as, to a lesser extent, Church and freemasonry. Unlike the Portuguese, a lot of Spaniards have a job. In Paris, political migrants are depending on a special system. Because of the size of the city, refugees of each nation can live separately. The long-lasting Spanish exile and the fact that “Foreigners” and “refugees” are not yet well-defined denomination in the French society born after the French Revolution help their integration
Guettard, Hervé. "Un réformiste libéral : Emile Boutmy, 1835-1906." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0004.
Full textThis biography is aimed at describing the political and intellectual path of a French liberal during the second half of the 19th century. Born in 1835 and very early influenced by Taine, Boutmy had a rather ordinary career as a writer on law and politics up to the defeat of Sedan. He had liberal ideas and was, at that time, giving a few lessons at l'Ecole spéciale d'architecture. In 1871, convinced that the French defeat was imputable to the fact that the ruling classes had not any scientific awareness, he decided to found : l'Ecole libre des sciences politiques with the support of Taine, Guizot and Laboulaye. Breaking off with the academic tradition he set up a European, historical and contemporary teaching given out by praticians. From the year 1880 the school he created had becom very sucessful in teaching the basic points in the preparation for entrance to the high civil service. In that, he contributed towards the teaching of political sciences in France. While he was carrying on with his constitutional history studies he started to show great concern about the social issue. He took part in the creation of the musee social ( social musevm ) whose aim was to work towards the rational knowledge of the French society by the setting up of monographs
Jourdan, Philippe. "Les idées constitutionnelles de Jacques-Guillaume Thouret (1746-1794)." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN0080.
Full textGuittienne-Mürger, Valérie. "Jansénisme et libéralisme : les Nouvelles ecclésiastiques de Jean-Louis Rondeau (1806-1827)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100036.
Full textThe matter of this work is the manuscript scholarly edition of the Nouvelles écclésiastiques pour le XIXe siècle, that still remains unpublished. It was written by the former oratorian Jean-Louis Rondeau: a juror priest, the abbé Grégoire secretary and member of the Saint-Séverin parish from 1801 till his death in 1832. This text is willing to be the continuation of the Nouvelles Ecclésiastiques from the XVIII century, an immeasurably rich periodical paper published by the jansenist movement. More than a diary, this is an account that takes the form of a partisan chronicle about the ecclesiastical affairs, a huge kaleidoscope reflecting interests and convictions from the one who patiently, from Mexico to Constantinople, Naples to London, Saint-Petersburg to Madrid, Paris to Rome, has scrutinised during years a world in mutation. During two decades, the author, with a jansenist look, has sifted out the events and writings of his time. He has assembled information, reading notes, press articles and hearsays with the ambition of following the European and Worldwide history under the rarely studied outlook of the global religious history. Thus he delivers a passionate evocation on the early XIX century through a jansenist and a clearly liberal reading of the religious polemics of his time
Chagraoui, Mohamed. "Une dynamique libérale à la fin du XVIIe siècle 1863-1709 (pratique littéraire, idéologies et société)." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20040.
Full textThe present sudy sets out to chart a late 17th century liberal problematic in the development of ideas, themes and literary representations in france. The mercantile conception of the real, controlling human relationships, produces the evolution of history, of society and of the ideas which convey man's conception of history and society in the form of tendancies: the tendancy to promote exchange, exchange value, motivation based on financial interests, the tendancy to exacerbate egocentricity, the tendancy which leads to the formation of a class of owners and manipulators of money and to the conquest and colonisation of the world. These movements express themselves in a new literary practice opposed to classicism, that is to say opposed to order, to measure, to the respecting of rules within a literature closed in upon itself and upon human psychology. This practice takes the form of remarks, reflections and diverse thoughts, characters, dialogues and dictionaries. These new literary forms can be explained by their critical function in relation to the established order and their reaction to the new human condition is characterised by oppositionned ideas irreductible to the hitherto dominant ideology or to the aesthetic norms which it imposed
Soucy, Dominique. "La pensée maçonnico-libérale à Cuba (1811-1902) : expression, diffusion et appropriation nationale." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082296.
Full textOn 20 May 1902, the first Cuban Republic was established after a century-long search for identity. Masonry marked this process of nation affirmation through an ethical discourse that responded to the intellectual expectations of society and found its secular corollary in liberal thinking. It participated with this latter in the definition, diffusion and progressive expression of a national liberal-Masonic thinking, adapted to the social reality in Cuba and of which the Constitution of 1901 was the institutional consecration
Poinsot, Philippe. "La relecture de l'oeuvre de Jules Dupuit à l'aune de la notion de bien-être et utilité publique : intérêt général, bien-être et utilité publique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010059.
Full textGuillaume, Damien. "Les débuts de l'"agitation antisémitique" en France dans une perspective européenne : contribution à l'histoire de l'antisémitisme." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0198.
Full textThe beginnings of the "anti-Semitic" agitation in France in the 1880s – not only with the publication of Edouard Drumont's La France juive in 1886 but even earlier in the same decade – have been explained above all by national factors in the historiography. Yet, they coincided with various concerns about the "Jewish question" on a European scale, concerns to which the first French anti-Semites were extensively referring in their texts.This PhD thesis explores (in depth) the French reception of a European phenomenon during the span of a few exceptional years (approximately 1878 to 1884). By focusing on the European context this study reveals the gradual emergence, throughout the nineteenth century, of a "Jewish question" considered by the West of the continent as typically Eastern European. As such, the turning point of the 1880s was not only the moment when, first in Germany and then in other countries, this supposedly new form of anti-Jewish hostility arose, which was called by its actors itself "anti-Semitic". These years were also – especially with the controversies over the Jews of Romania at the Congress of Berlin and the international echo given to the wave of pogroms of 1881-1882 in Russia – a crucial step in the confrontation between two hemispheres, both geographical and thematic, of the "Jewish question."Thus put in context, the beginnings of anti-Semitic agitation in France were not limited to the emergence of a particularly radical form of anti-Jewish hostility, initiated by some more or less known polemists or rather marginal groups. These beginnings also confirmed the existence of profoundly equivocal attitudes among proponents of a liberal approach to the "Jewish question," that is to say, those who were most likely to defend the Jews against the attacks of their enemies
Delrue, Baptiste. "L'Antiquité dans les débats constitutionnels français au XIXe siècle." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROD003/document.
Full textIt has been shown that the Greco-Roman antiquity had a very strong influence over the political discourse during the French Revolution. Thus, it seemed interesting to study the political debates of the XIXth and more specifically the constitutional debates, in order to validate or on the contrary to invalidate the commonly accepted view under which the antiquity would have had barely any influence during the XIXth century. Before modern times France experienced numerous revivals of Antiquity, also the question was to find out if there was another revival of the Antiquity under the XIXth century and if this revival was the beginning of something new or the swan song of the influence of the Antiquity. The present analyses propose to understand through a both chronological and thematic study, covering the period from 1814 to 1875, and by combining history of political ideas and history of the institutions, if the Antiquity had an influence on the political debates and the construction of the political models of the XIXth century. Indeed, as early as the first restoration the influence of antiquity already declined as compared to the previous period, but this backflow is in fact limited (the humanities remained in common culture) and also ambivalent (since an antic model such as the hybrid presidential-parliamentary-judicial interested the politicians). However, this led in the second half of the nineteenth century to a scientific neutralization of the Greco-Roman antiquity : its interest and value were put in perspective, because of the desire of the men of the XIXth century to write a national novel (in opposition to Germany), but also because they wanted a new political order based on some modern principles such as Contractualism, Republicanism and Parliamentarianism
Sacchi, Landriani Martino. "Naissance du moderne régime de mobilité : politique de l'identification en France (1770-1880)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H021.
Full textIn this research, we genealogically trace the emergence of modern rationality in the government of the mobility of labor in France and its colonies in the XIX century. Governing mobility does not imply a purely coercive power, but rather a certain degree of freedom, necessary to channel and orient the circulation of individuals. More precisely, this PhD thesis analyses the history of the livret ouvrier as administrative markers of the tensions characterizing the configuration, the crisis, and the reformulation of classic civil contract in France. This technology of identification also allows us to trace the global genesis of the historical notions of free labor, slavery, and domesticity, following their evolution through the politics of mobility after the abolition of slavery. The last chapters survey the birth of the welfare state and of new forms of identification, such as anthropometry and fingerprinting, as historical reconfigurations of the underlying question of our investigation: how to control labor power without introducing an illegitimate coercion on the bodies carrying it? The genealogy of mobility regime shows the paradoxical necessity of liberalism to periodically reformulate a universal project (the generalization of the juridical person) in order to organize internal hierarchies (by multiplying the statutes through which the effective access to freedom is filtered). Through the lens of this co-implication we can rethink the relationship between sovereignty, State and world market
Ferreira, Maria de Fatima Sa e. Melo. "Résistances populaires au libéralisme au Portugal (1834-1844)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010602.
Full textOur dissertation analyses the popular resistance movements towards the liberalism after the ending of the civil war, that in 1834 led the liberals to power. The resistances were based upon a politisation process pursued by the antirevolutionary partisans. These resistance were renforced by several factors : the war experience, the retaliations that folowed and the hostility to the liberal reforming activity the core of our research is the form of politisation of the peasants and other social groups
Sinardet, Emmanuelle. "Libéralisme et école primaire publique en Equateur 1895-1925." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2029.
Full textGiuliani, Fabienne. "Enquête sur les relations incestueuses dans la France du XIXe siècle (1791-1898)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010686.
Full textAuger-Sergent, Anne-Sophie. "Les graffiti marins de Normandie (13e siècle- 19e siècle)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010544.
Full textNormandy is extremely rich in ship graffiti, but we haven't any regional and synthetical studies about these iconographic sources. The inventory of Normand graffiti allows to have a corpus of some 500 documents dated from 13th to 19th centuries. The documents present essentialy ships, but also elements of ship (anchor, flag, rigging, head) or elements of navigation (sea-mark), animals (fisch, sea-bird), and maritime inscriptions. Their major value ist that graffiti give representations of boats of merchant navy and fisching navy, on which we haven't any iconographic source before the 18th century, and contribute to the repacement of naval iconographic material. The geographic repartition of ship graffiti follows the maritime and fluvial zones. They are omnipresent on the soft calcareous and plaster of the churchs, castles and traditionnal houses. In spite of their value for ship archaeology, graffiti pose a problem and particulary for determination and dating. The use of sails as leading thread allows at the same time a classification of ships graffiti, their typing according iconographic comparaisons, and their datation. Normand graffiti present merchant and coast ships. Barges are rare
Graham, Lesley. "Voyageurs écossais en France au XIXe siècle : image de la France, reflet de l'Ecosse." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30013.
Full textThe thirty-four travel books that are the original source material of this thesis were all written by scottish travellers between 1814 and 1880. The first section examines the nature of their journeys and the various motivations for their visits fo france. The travellers fall into into six groups : witnesses of historical events, journalists (including john scott and angus b. Reach). Writers (notably walter scott and robert louis stevenson), valetudinarians, tourists and specialists. The records of their journeys are then examined from two angles. The second section presents the image of france as it is perceived and portrayed by the scottish travellers while the third section analyses the reflection of scotland discernable in the descriptions of france. The picture the travellers paint of france is overwhelmingly negative because their aim is almost always to enhance the reputation of great britain and so they tend to highlight the problems and weaknesses of france rather than is strong points. The travellers look at france from two different points of view which they adopt alternately depending on the situation : one british, or even anglo-british, the other more specifically scottish. The british point view reflects a clear feeling of superiority over france while the scottish point of view betrays the profound of. .
Monet, Jacques. "Emergence de la kinésithérapie en France à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle : une spécialité médicale impossible : genèse, acteurs et intérêts de 1880 à 1914." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/monet1.pdf.
Full textAdams, Henry Thomas. "L'évolution du canon obusier Paixhans et sa place dans la marine française de la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040280.
Full textAt the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the french Navy was in a position of marked inferiority in relation to that of the british. Paixhans, an army artillery officer, presented the Navy with a means of overcoming its lack of material strength with his innovative shell gun. Steamers and fast frigates armed with his system would thus be able to combat on equal terms british warships due to the destructive force of the shells. The idea was initially rejected due in part to to the lack of success during the revolutionary wars of a similar system. Nevertheless, Paixhans was able to impose the milited adoption of his shell gun due to the force of his personality and through his contacts in the governmental and military hierarchy. This limited adoption of shell guns aboard french warships resulted from the fact that the french Navy with its program of naval construction and armement (guns of a unique caliber) had already chosen to continue to represent its maritime presence with a classical fleet of ships-of-the-line supported by heavily armed frigates
Badea-Păun, Gabriel. "Antonio de La Gandara : sa vie, son oeuvre (1861-1917)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040062.
Full textThis thesis attempts to present the entire career of antonio de la gandara (paris, 1861 – paris, 1917) in the form of a catalogue raisonne of his paintings and drawings, precedeed by a biographical volume. This first volume charts his career from his debut at gerome's and the cabaret du chat noir to his succesful exhibition in 1893 at durand-ruel's gallery, which brought him prestigious portrait comissions from the european aristocracy and high bourgeoisie. It provides the opportunity to define the place of his work as a portrait painter among the so-called " mondains " portraitistes at the end of the 19th century and the begining of the 20th century. This study is completed by a chapter devoted to his prints ? And another one to the relationship of his work to the contemporary literature
Vellutini, Maïté. "La succession non ab intestat au 19ème siècle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32046.
Full textFirmino, Sophie. "Les réfugiés carlistes en France de 1833 à 1843." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2040.
Full textUmezawa, Aya. "La prison cellulaire et la folie des prisonniers : histoire des représentations de la prison et des prisonniers (1819-1848)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010585.
Full textGaboriaux, Chloé. "Le paysan français, un enjeu idéologique au XIXe siècle : perspectives françaises et perspectives sur la France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0045.
Full textIn a still overwhelmingly rural France, universal male suffrage introduced in 1848 made peasants become a major electoral force. What this thesis shows is that it also made them become an ideological stake for the political movements, who tried to give such an explanation of rural voters’ political behaviours that might reinforce their political positions. Debates about peasants reveal the conceptions of representation at a time when the masses entered politics. In particular, they underline the role of rural “bonapartism” in the phrasing of republican theories and in the changes the latter underwent during the 19th century. Rural voters disappointed the expectations of the Republicans and therefore forced them to revise the relationships they previously established between material progress and political commitment, communal sociability and citizenship, civil liberty and political liberty. At a moment when the validity of political theories was mainly based on their sociological pertinence, the analysis of the peasant persona puts into perspective the splits that then separated the different political families and divided the Republicans themselves, especially in the debates concerning the Radicals’ ideal of direct democracy, the issue of decentralization or the 1875 constitutional laws. By scrutinizing the social and geographical imaginary background that underlay political positions, it is possible to put forward the major ideological issues raised by the various institutional answers then given to the question of representation
Didier, Bénédicte. "Le grand Mardi-Gras de l'esprit : étude de cinq petites revues bohèmes fin de siècle (1878-1889) : Le Panurge, Le Chat Noir, La Vogue, Le Décadent, La Plume." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1060.
Full textThe five "minor periodicals" presented here are characteristic of the artistic life that had developed on the fringes of the formal French culture by the end of the 19th century. That unconventional journalism (1878-1889) acknowledged the condition of the bohemian artist as well as his cavalier attitude. The first part of this doctoral thesis describes these periodicals, their contents, their history and their contributors. In the second and third parts, the notion of "bohemian spirit" is discussed in a multi-topical approach. Such anti-conformist magazines, combining a wish to shock and a craving for acceptance by the artists and literati of the time, confirm Jerrold Seigel's theorie concerning literary life. Using the notions of strategy and of awareness of literary sphere, the fourth part analyses the machinery of an avant-garde press yearning for legitimacy. Finally the fifth part presents the leaders of a forgotten brotherhood : the "bohemian smugglers"
Tardy, Jean-Noël. "Les catacombes de la politique : conspiration et conspirateurs en France (1818-1870)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010647.
Full textManfredonia, Gaetano. "Études sur le mouvement anarchiste en France : 1848-1914." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0021.
Full textThe work which is presented is constitued of three parts : a PHD dissertation already presented at the Institut d'études politiques of Paris in 1984 on anarchist individualism in France (1880-1914); two other complementary researches on the anarghist songs in France from the Commune to Ravachol (1870-1894) and pro and con the republic? The French anarchists and the republican tradition (1848-1914). The anarchists movement took its largest development during the period beginning at the Paris Commune and the first world war, adopting a specific behavior and specific ideological themes which differentiated it from other socialist groups. But few studies have been made concerning the internal dynamics of the movement, its internal conflicts and structuration. Our object is not only to fill in the gaps of the documentations collected by Jean Maitron but amso to subsume the narrative approach of the libertarian movement which minimizes the stakes of its internal debates. The history of this movement has been conflictual and has little to do with the so called "eternal principles" of anarchisme. On many points the traditional image of the anarchists must be considerably reconsidered
Mihaeli, Gil. "L'émergence du modèle militaro-viril : pratiques et représentations masculines en France au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0102.
Full textThe present research treats questions of masculine identity in France in early and middle 19th century. It demonstrates how the masculine body became the pivotal point of a system of sense composed of practices and representations : the militaro-virile model. The main practice studied is the moustache. What was at the beginning an attribute of elite soldiers became a generalised military attribute, then a marker of virility and finally the attribute of "Frenchood" for excellence
Malivin, Amandine. "Voluptés macabres : la nécrophilie en France au XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070017.
Full textIn 1849, French society face a case of grave desecrations, widely considered as never seen before. Sergent Bertrand's trial then reveals the existence of a deviant sexual behavior, yet not called "necrophilia". From this case, discourses and representations are built around the necrophile, in the medical and legal fields, and the subject is also a curiosity object among a wider audience, torn between disgust and fascination. These discourses and representations are inspired by actual cases but also by a sometimes old collective imagination, and mix the legal, medical, and supernatural fields. Since it transgresses both gender and attitudes towards the corpse norms, necrophilia is, in the XIXth Century, an object of study and debate. But, by its evocative power, it is also a medium widely used by writers and artists in order to express, through its staging, fantasies and anxieties related to society standards in terms of gender and feelings. By studying reactions generated by the necrophiliac transgression, and the reinterpretations which it gives nse to, this work wants to question the XIXth Century French society on its relationship to deviance, sexuality, body, gender, feelings, love and death
Nicolleau, Laurent. "La récidive au XIXème siècle : définition, mesures et traitement : l'exemple de l'Aube." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOD004.
Full textSoriot, Annie. "Le travail et la question sociale : histoire de la construction d'une synthèse entre le socialisme et l'économie politique au XIXe siècle." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010058.
Full textDratwicki, Alexandre. "Un nouveau commerce de la virtuosité : Métamorphose de la symphonie concertante au sein des institutions musicales parisiennes (1780-1830)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040127.
Full textPopularity of the "symphonie concertante" in France is linked both chronologically and stylistically to the classical period (1770-1830). This genre set the stage for the French capital's greatest virtuosos to be heard attempting to outdo each other in what were at times the utmost difficult instrumental skills. As of the end of Louis the sixteenth's reign, the "symphonie concertante" was used as a means of publicity in the business strategy of several Parisian institutions. Originally employed as musical entertainment on the same stage during intermissions, it soon became an integral part of the dramatic performances it had previously punctuated at the "Opéra Comique" and the "Académie de Musique". Musical hybrids were born : the "symphonie concertante" overture or arias with several solo instruments. However, the most original innovation was that of the "symphonie concertante" as a musical support for dance in the last "ballet-pantomimes" by Gossec, Catel and Méhul. The first part of this PhD thesis is dedicated to the summary of the musical characteristics of this genre. This is followed by a description of the post-revolutionary Parisian institutions in which the instrumentalists evolved. The last two chapters are dedicated to the different metamorphoses of the genre under the influence of certain repertories
Uglianica, Sylvie. "Les premières crèches françaises : de futures écoles en puissance ? (1844-1870)." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H065.
Full textMenenteau, Sandra. "Dans les coulisses de l'autopsie judiciaire : cadres, contraintes et conditions de l'expertise cadavérique dans la France du XIXe siècle." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Menenteau-Sandra/2009-Menenteau-Sandra-These.pdf.
Full textIn the 19th century, forensic medicine is formed as a full science. From 1795, after the reorganization of medical education, it is included into the teaching for the doctorate of medicine. Judges consider each physician is able to carry out a forensic autopsy. Far from suitable structures, ordinary medical experts have to answer the judges' expectations and questions about the causes of death. They perform post mortem examinations in material conditions that are not in accordance with the criteria established by literature. Medical experts have to get used to the situation and to improvise. Moreover, their participation in legal proceedings is a professional and a personnel hazard. However, forensic autopsy offers more technical freedom than other post mortem activities. Forensic autopsy lifts all the regulations, the bans and the popular reluctances
Lenoble, Benoît. "Le journal au temps du réclamisme : presse, publicité et culture de masse en France (1863-1930)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010569.
Full textLoaiza, Cano Gilberto. "Sociabilité et définition de l'État-nation en Colombie, 1845-1886, de la révolution libérale à la république catholique." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030045.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the sociability during the creation of State in Colombia, from 1845 to 1886. This struggle resulted in the establishing of a catholic republic, which was founded on a compromise between the elites of Catholicism and those of moderate liberalism. In order to analyse these antagonisms, we have described the development of the main associations set up by the catholic and liberal elites, the process of increasing the publication of papers alongside with the increasing of readers and finally the process of implementing a secular school system. The last part examines the ascension of the catholic republic project