To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Liberation programmee.
Journal articles on the topic 'Liberation programmee'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Liberation programmee.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jakwa, Tinashe. "Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme: Beyond Emancipation, Towards Liberation." Australasian Review of African Studies 37, no. 1 (June 2016): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22160/22035184/aras-2016-37-1/73-94.
Full text
2
Makkawi, Ibrahim. "The rise and fall of academic community psychology in Palestine and the way forward." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317737945.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, I examine the inception of a decolonised community psychology programme in the Palestinian colonial context and its subsequent decline and setback. I describe the background to the Palestinian colonial condition, and the theoretical inspiration for the programme by the short-lived experience of grassroots organising during the first Palestinian Intifada is illustrated. Specific pedagogical and research activities, marked by the influence of the Latin American liberation psychology model, are presented and discussed. These include a focus on praxis, dialogical education, conscientisation and community participatory action research. I consider the influence of the South African experience on the programme principally in reference to Steve Biko’s notion of Black Consciousness, which translated to Palestinian collective-national identity, as well as relevance in psychological knowledge. In the concluding section, I appraise the setback of the programme in light of administrative and epistemological debates with related disciplines that shifted from psychological-individualistic reductionism to social-cultural reductionism. I conclude with the assertion that unless framed within the context of the broader anti-colonial national liberation movement, a decolonised community psychology has minimal chances to survive and thrive.
3
Kaxuxuena, Ndinelao, and Manfred Janik. "The pre-independence psychological experiences of the Namibian children of the liberation struggle: a qualitative study." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246320942125.
Full textAbstract:
The Independence of Namibia in 1990 witnessed the voluntary repatriation of exiled Namibian people back home. Children of the liberation struggle is the term used to refer to the grown-up children of veterans who were under the age of 18 years before Namibian Independence. Since 2008, demonstrations and demands for jobs from government by the children of the liberation struggle have taken place regularly, drawing harsh criticism about the behaviour and demands of the children of the liberation struggle from the general private and public Namibian domain. This study aims to explore the pre-Independence psychological experiences of the Namibian children of the liberation struggle in an attempt to understand their conduct. A qualitative approach was employed where in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 employed children of the liberation struggle in the Khomas region. The collected data were categorised by means of thematic analysis. The results revealed themes which demonstrate that most children of the liberation struggle experienced adversities like growing up separated from their parents, in unstable conditions, having experienced maltreatment, constantly afraid of the enemy and having endured traumatic war-related situations. The study recommends sensitisation of the broad Namibian public on the lived experiences of the children of the liberation struggle. Psycho-education programmes and psychological interventions in the form of therapeutic group sessions and individual sessions with children of the liberation struggle can assist with reflection on the past, making sense of it and find healing to move on with their lives. Government and the private sector should cooperate in rendering training and job opportunities for the children of the liberation struggle.
4
Green, Reginald Herbold. "The Unforgiving Land - Basis for a Post Liberation Programme in Namibia." IDS Bulletin 11, no. 4 (May 22, 2009): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1980.mp11004012.x.
Full text
5
Noero, Jo. "Limits to Freedom: Liberating Form, Programme and Ethics." Architectural Design 88, no. 3 (April 2, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.2297.
Full text
6
Neary, Ian J. "Socialist and Communist Party Attitudes towards Discrimination against Japan's Burakumin." Political Studies 34, no. 4 (December 1986): 556–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1986.tb01613.x.
Full textAbstract:
Approximately 3 per cent of the population of Japan belong to an indigenous minority group—known as Burakumin—against whom prejudice and discrimination still exist. After many years of activity the Burakumin Liberation Movement pressured the government into launching an affirmative action programme which has been in operation for 15 years. However, the ‘ Burakumin problem’ has generated fierce controversy within Japanese society, not least between the Japan Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Japan and their supporters within the liberation movement. The paper concentrates on their different theoretical approaches to the problem and discusses some of the practical consequences of the controversy.
7
Cox, James. "Land Crisis in Zimbabwe." Fieldwork in Religion 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.v1i1.35.
Full textAbstract:
Earlier this year, I received a small grant from the Edinburgh University Development Trust Fund to determine the feasibility of formulating a major research project exploring the religious dimensions within the recent land resettlement programme in Zimbabwe. Since spirit mediums had played such an important role in the first Shona uprising in 1896–97 against colonial occu¬pation (the so-called First Chimurenga) (Parsons, 1985: 50-51) and again in the war of liberation between 1972 and 1979 (the Second Chimurenga) (Lan, 1985), I suspected that these central points of contact between the spirit world and the living communities would be affecting the sometimes militant invasions of white commercial farms that began sporadically in 1998, but became systematic after the constitutional referendum of February 2000. Under the terms of the grant, I went with my colleague, Tabona Shoko of the University of Zimbabwe, in July and August 2004, to two regions of Zimbabwe: Mount Darwin in the northeast, where recent activities by war veterans and spirit mediums had been reported, and to the Mberengwa District, where land resettlement programmes have been widespread. This article reports on my preliminary findings in Mount Darwin, where I sought to determine if evidence could be found to link the role of Traditional Religion, particularly through spirit mediums, to the current land redistribution programme, and, if so, whether increasing levels of political intolerance within Zimbabwean society could be blamed, in part at least, on these customary beliefs and practices
8
Lewis, John Wilson, and Xue Litai. "Strategic Weapons and Chinese Power: The Formative Years." China Quarterly 112 (December 1987): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000027107.
Full textAbstract:
China entered the nuclear and space age as a result of a crusade that began almost as soon as the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had completed the conquest of the mainland. In this article we will comment on some aspects of the entire nuclear programme over the past 30 years as it has affected the strategic role of the PLA.1
9
Protic, Milan. "Serbian radicalism 1881-1903: Political thought and practice." Balcanica, no. 38 (2007): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0738173p.
Full textAbstract:
Subject to transformation and change as any other political ideology Serbian Radicalism nevertheless revolved round some more or less permanent concepts, the most important being constitutionalism, parliamentary democracy, civil liberties and local self-government. Yet another basic aspect of the Radical Party's ideology, its national programme, may be seen as an external ingredient inasmuch as the national emancipation, liberation and unification of the Serbs were viewed as originating from internal freedom. It was only in the 1890s that their national programme became fully developed. Major features of the Party's political practice, on the other hand, were flexibility, pragmatism and cohesion.
10
Nwokedi, Emeka. "Le mythe d'un leadership nigérian dans les relations inter-africaines." Études internationales 22, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702844ar.
Full textAbstract:
Nigeria's leadership role in inter-African relations remains a myth despite the country's assertiveness in the areas of liberation, conflict mediation and regional economic integration. Rhetoric and posturing in inter-African diplomacy have become a substitute for reality. Furthermore, the weakness of the Nigerian domestic structure and the effects of the structural adjustment programme negate Nigerians capabilities to exert a leadership in inter-African diplomacy.
11
Njenga, Frank G., and Pius A. Kigamwa. "Mental health policy and programmes in Kenya." International Psychiatry 2, no. 8 (April 2005): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007219.
Full textAbstract:
Following a 10-year war of liberation (fought by the Mau Mau against the British), Kenya attained full independence from colonial rule in 1963. For 10 years the country enjoyed rapid economic growth (6–7% per annum) but this slowed steadily to near stagnation in the 1990s. Poor governance, abuse of human rights, internal displacements of citizens, large numbers of refugees from neighbouring countries and the AIDS pandemic conspired to reduce Kenyans’ life expectancy to 47 years (in the UK it is presently 77 years). Some 42% of the population now live below the poverty line, and 26% of Kenyans exist on less than US$1 per day. The annual per capita income in Kenya is US$360 (in the UK it is $24 000) (World Bank, 2002). AIDS currently has an estimated prevalence rate of 12%. In large parts of rural Kenya many sexually active adults are unable to work, and elderly grandparents are left to look after orphaned children (some already infected with HIV), as they struggle to deal with their own grief for the loss of many of their own children. In December 2002 a new government was elected, which gives some grounds for optimism in an otherwise bleak situation.
12
Suárez-Herrera, José Carlos. "Community nutrition programmes, globalization and sustainable development." British Journal of Nutrition 96, S1 (August 2006): S23—S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061694.
Full textAbstract:
On an international scale, the last seventy-five years have been a period of deep social, economic and political transformation for the developing countries. They have been especially influenced by the international phenomenon of globalization, the benefits of which have been unequally distributed among countries. In this context, the strategies used to improve the general nutritional health of the population of developing countries include broad approaches integrating nutritional interventions in a context of sustainable community development, while valuing the existing relations between fields as diverse as agriculture, education, sociology, economy, health, environment, hygiene and nutrition. The community nutrition programmes are emblematic of these initiatives. Nevertheless, in spite of the increasing evidence of the potential possibilities offered by these programmes to improve the nutritional status and contribute to the development and the self-sufficiency of the community, their success is relatively limited, due to the inappropriate planning, implementation and evaluation of the programmes. In the present article, I attempt to emphasie the importance of community participation of the population of developing countries in the community nutrition programmes within the context of globalization. This process is not only an ethical imperative, but a pragmatic one. It is a crucial step in the process of liberation, democratization and equality that will lead to true sustainable development.
13
Autret, A., C. de Chasteigner, A. Autret, C. de Chasteigner., E. Autret, Ph Bertrand, B. Rabine, et al. "D.H.E Methane Sulfonate With Programmed Liberation: Preliminary Results Of A Controlled Study In Common Migraine." Cephalalgia 7, no. 6_suppl (September 1987): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03331024870070s6200.
Full text
14
Blasko, Dennis J., Philip T. Klapakis, and John F. Corbett. "Training Tomorrow′s PLA: A Mixed Bag of Tricks." China Quarterly 146 (June 1996): 488–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000045124.
Full textAbstract:
Since the summer of 1995, Chinese military training opposite Taiwan has received unusual prominence in both the Chinese and foreign media. The senior leadership in Beijing was able to flex its military muscle because of a training programme begun years ago. This limited use of force has sent unmistakable political signals to Taiwan and the world. But, should the Chinese leadership decide to employ the People′s Liberation Army (PLA) in pursuit of its political objectives, is it well trained enough to conduct successful modern military operations?
15
Zupanič Slavec, Zvonka, and Zvonka Zupanič Slavec. "100 years – Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana (1919–2019)." Slovenian Medical Journal 88, no. 11-12 (January 9, 2020): 554–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6016/zdravvestn.3018.
Full textAbstract:
The early beginnings of Slovenian medical education take root in the Enlightenment-era Academia operosorum (Academy of the Industrious, 1693–1725) and its medical section with the physician Marko Gerbec, although the Jesuit College introduced higher education in Ljubljana already in 1619. In 1782, a Medico-Surgical Academy was established in Ljubljana, the first to provide a secondary level of medical education. Later on, when a part of present Slovenian lands was included in the Illyrian Provinces (1809–1813) as a part of Napoleon’s French Empire, with Ljubljana as capital, the school advanced to the level of a medical faculty (École Centrale). The subsequent restoration of Austrian sovereignty prevented the school from completing even the first class of graduates’ training. In 1848, Medico-Surgical Academy was dissolved and only midwifery schools remained.
It was only after disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, as a consequence of the World War I, that in 1919 the first Slovenian University was established in Ljubljana, and within it a incomplete medical faculty was offering four preclinical semesters. In 1940, fifth and sixth semesters were added to the Faculty. The liberation impetus led in July 1945 to the establishment of a complete medical faculty including five years course divided in ten semesters. In the 1949/1950 academic year, the Faculty of Medicine was separated from the University and trained one generation of physicians as a medical college; in 1954, it was reintegrated into the University. During that period, in autumn 1949, the Faculty of Stomatology was established, which soon joined with the Faculty of Medicine, whereupon two departments were established: one for general medicine and one for stomatology (dental medicine). In the 1968/1969 academic year, the Faculty of Medicine introduced a master’s programme, and in 1995 a uniform doctoral programme; in the academic year 1989/1990 the programmes of medicine and dental medicine were extended to twelve semesters.
In 1975, the new Ljubljana Medical Centre building was finished and the Faculty thus obtained the necessary lecture halls, classrooms, and rooms for clinical practice. In the next decade, in 1987, the main preclinical institutes moved to the new building of the Faculty and students finally received state-of-the-art lab classrooms, facilities, and other infrastructure. In 2015, the Faculty also constructed a new building for preclinical institutes for biochemistry and cell biology. Throughout the years the programme has continued to improve and stay up to date, and the Bologna system of education was introduced in the academic year 2009/2010.
In its hundred years of existence, the Faculty of Medicine has trained approximately 9,000 physicians and 2,000 dentists, and awarded more than 1,700 doctors of science degrees and more than 1,000 master of science degrees in the postgraduate programme for physicians and dentists; it has also trained many students in graduate clinical training programmes. The Faculty of Medicine is oriented towards the future, a strong connection between theory and practice, interdisciplinary and international cooperation, and especially training new high-quality medical professionals.
16
Hijab, Nadia. "Reversing defeat through non-violent power." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910903236717.
Full textAbstract:
When the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) decided to embark on the two-state political platform in 1974, this constituted tacit recognition of the reality of the state of Israel in Palestine within the Green Line. The PLO's shift was also effectively an admission of defeat for the previous PLO programme that called for a secular, democratic state throughout all of Palestine. Today, advocates of the one-state solution argue that the two-state solution is no longer possible due to the realities Israel has created on the ground in the West Bank and Gaza. In other words, the political programme launched by the PLO in 1974 has effectively been defeated. The growing one-state movement is, thus, the third time Palestinians are reacting to Israel's defeat of Palestinian attempts to obtain their human rights. It is against this background that this paper attempts to address three questions: Why has the two-state political programme not been achieved?; What sources of non-violent power could potentially realize and effect Palestinian human rights?; and What is the single most important strategy of which no Palestinian political programme should ever lose sight?
17
Bähre, Erik. "Liberation and Redistribution: Social Grants, Commercial Insurance, and Religious Riches in South Africa." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417511000090.
Full textAbstract:
South Africa's liberation, marked by the first democratic elections of 1994, ushered in an unprecedented expansion of large-scale redistributive arrangements. In the post-apartheid period, the collection of money into a central fund administered anonymously and bureaucratically has gained social and political importance, particularly for poor and lower-middle-class Africans. This is most evident in a rapid expansion of government social assistance—from 1997 to 2006 the number of beneficiaries of social grants increased from three to almost eleven million, and today at least a quarter of South African households receive welfare payments. Social assistance “has been the fastest-growing category of government expenditure since 2001, and now amounts to R70 billion [almost US$7 billion in 2006] a year, about 3.4 percent of gross domestic product.” The centrality of redistribution is clear in current debates over the establishment of a Basic Income Grant (BIG) for all South Africans. Political liberation has also brought an increase in redistribution through development projects such as the National Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) grants.
18
Schefer, Raquel. "Mueda, Memória e Massacre by Ruy Guerra and the cultural forms of the Makonde Plateau." Comunicação e Sociedade 29 (June 27, 2016): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.29(2016).2409.
Full textAbstract:
Considered to be Mozambique’s first fiction feature film, Ruy Guerra’s Mueda, Memória e Massacre (1979-1980) (Mueda, Memory and Massacre) is an extemporaneous work, which belatedly formalises the assumptions that underpinned FRELIMO’s revolutionary project. A film of transition, it marks the passage from the period of the institution (1975/1976-1979) to the period of destitution of the Aesthetics of Liberation (1975/1976-1984) of the National Film Institute (INC). Mueda, Memória e Massacre was censored, partially re-shot and reedited, without Guerra’s direct supervision. These operations announced a normative deviation from FRELIMO’s political-cultural project and the aesthetic canonization of the 1980s. The mutilated version, that won the awards “Peoples’ Friendship Union” and “Film Culture” at the Tashkent Film Festival in 1980, responds to the “Liberation Script,” an epistemological and historiographical apparatus that aims to organize and codify the country’s history.This article assesses the presence of elements of the cinema collectivisation programme in Mueda, Memória e Massacre. In parallel, it considers the influence of Makonde culture — in particular, of the Mapiko masquerade — on the film’s aesthetic and narrative forms.
19
Thomas, Amy, Hannah McCann, and Geraldine Fela. "‘In this house we believe in fairness and kindness’: Post-liberation politics in Australia's same-sex marriage postal survey." Sexualities 23, no. 4 (March 14, 2019): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719830347.
Full textAbstract:
In December 2017, Australia legalized same-sex marriage (SSM), following a 13-year ban and a drawn-out postal survey on marriage equality that saw campaigners mobilize for a ‘Yes’ vote on a non-binding poll. Through a discourse analysis of the Yes and No campaigns’ television and online video advertisements, we demonstrate how the Yes campaign was symptomatic of what we call a ‘post-liberation’ approach that saw SSM as the last major hurdle for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) politics. While the No campaign linked SSM to gender fluidity, transgender identity, and sex education programmes, in contrast the Yes campaign limited itself to narratives around love and marriage. In not attending to the link between sex, gender and sexuality, the Yes campaign narrowed the possibilities of the debate, preserving existing White heteronormative expectations of gender and sexuality. We contrast the debate that unfolded during the postal survey to the Australian Gay Liberation movement of the 1970s, the latter of which was able to successfully and radically challenge similarly homophobic campaigns. Rather than relying on ‘palatable’ or mainstream ideas of equality, love and fairness, Gay Liberation in Australia embraced the radical potential of LGBTIQ activism and presented a utopian, optimistic vision of a transformed future. Here we suggest that we can learn from the history of campaigns around sexuality, to understand what was ‘won’ in the SSM debate, and to better develop strategies for change in the future.
20
Arnott, Jane. "Liberating new talents: an innovative pre-registration community-focused adult nursing programme." British Journal of Community Nursing 15, no. 11 (November 2010): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2010.15.11.79626.
Full text
21
Sonn, Christopher C., Caterina Arcidiacono, Urmitapa Dutta, Peace Kiguwa, Bret Kloos, and Nelson Maldonado Torres. "Beyond disciplinary boundaries: speaking back to critical knowledges, liberation, and community." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317737930.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores critical directions for forging new disciplinary traditions within community psychology, as discussed by a panel at the conclusion of the 6th International Conference on Community Psychology (ICCP 2016). The conference itself was constructed as an enactment of a decolonizing approach, looking at the entire globalized system from the African continent and centring knowledges produced by Africans and the diaspora. Several panellists were invited to offer their reflections on the emerging discussions, and absences or silences they observed at the conference, as well as how community research and action can develop a research and teaching programme that is liberatory. Panellists’ comments pointed to the importance of the decolonization project globally and the implications of decoloniality for community research and action. The challenge for community research and action is to build alliances and networks across space and time, and with various social movements. The discipline needs to centre and draw out the voices of those who have been excluded, to retrieve and reclaim ways of knowing, being, and doing because these are key to tackling the coloniality of power and to forging new ways of doing ethical and just community research and action.
22
van Erven, Eugène. "Theatre of Liberation in Action: the People's Theatre Network of the Philippines." New Theatre Quarterly 3, no. 10 (May 1987): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00008629.
Full textAbstract:
Our inclusion in NTQ5 of a piece by the priest-playwright Karl Gaspar, recording his experiences of creating drama in a Philippine prison-camp, coincided with the overthrow of the Marcos regime – a revolution in whose preparation and support. Eugène van Erven now argues, the theatre played a significant part. In the following article, he describes the organization and work of the Philippine Educational Theatre Association – PETA for short – from its creation in the early 'seventies, to the fully-established network of companies and activities of the present day, and discusses its future role in a society not yet certain of the success of its revolution. Eugène van Erven is currently involved in a long-term project researching liberation theatre in the Third World, funded at present by his postdoctoral research fellowship in the Drama Studies Programme of the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. His earlier publications have been in the field of contemporary western European political theatre, on which subject he was awarded his doctorate from Vanderbilt University. Tennessee.
23
Godwin, Paul H. B. "Changing Concepts of Doctrine, Strategy and Operations in the Chinese People's Liberation Army 1978–87." China Quarterly 112 (December 1987): 572–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000027120.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Since the late 1970s, when the current programmes seeking to modernize China's defence establishment began, issues of military doctrine, strategy and operations have remained at the forefront of China's quest for a defence capacity capable of being ranked among the world's great powers. As the Chinese leadership contemplated defence modernization, they could not but recognize the Janus-like quality of their armed forces. One face looked back on the people's war traditions that served them so well and for so long, while the other faced the complexities of conventional and strategic nuclear warfare and deterrence in the latter part of the 20th century.
24
ASHFORD, HOLLY. "POPULATION CONTROL, DEVELOPMENT, AND GHANA'S NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME, 1960–1972." Historical Journal 63, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 469–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000360.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe National Family Planning Programme (NFPP) was launched in Ghana in May 1970. It was a tool to implement the 1969 Population Policy Paper, which the military government, the National Liberation Council (NLC), had written with the aid of Ford Foundation advisers. The policy paper reiterated international ‘overpopulation’ discourses that pushed for national planning to stem population growth, especially in ‘developing’ countries. Indeed, it constituted an example of development planning. It discursively linked Ghana's prosperity, and modernity, to stemming rapid population growth through fertility limitation. When the NFPP was launched by the Progress Party (PP) government in 1970, its focus was to implement the population policy by limiting population growth through curbing fertility. International discourses of development and population, as well as the specific interventions of organizations such as the Ford Foundation, the Population Council, and the International Planned Parenthood Federation, shaped Ghana's family planning story. However, choices over the implementation of family planning were ultimately linked to governments’ modernization and development projects and ideologies. Different approaches to family planning by the Nkrumah, NLC, and PP governments highlight the fact that family planning was ultimately political, but legitimized by development discourses of global and local origin.
25
De Jong, Joop T. V. M. "A comprehensive public mental health programme in Guinea-Bissau: a useful model for African, Asian and Latin-American countries." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033742.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisFrom 1983–1994 a community mental health programme was set up in Guinea-Bissau. The first part of the programme concentrated on epidemiological aspects: rural and urban study areas were selected on socio-economic level and participation in the liberation war. A two-stage design was used to screen 351 adult consecutive general health care attenders and 100 children in a rural and an urban area for mental disorder. Psychiatric disorders have a morbidity of 12% among adults seen in Primary Health Care. Disorders were mainly neuroses (74%), but more psychoses were found than in other countries. No statistically significant difference in morbidity was found between rural-urban areas or between previous war and non-war zones. The diagnostic sensitivity of the Primary Health Care workers was 31%, their diagnostic specificity 88%. Thirteen per cent of the children showed neuropsychiatric disturbances. There were no sociocultural impediments to this public mental health approach. During the following intervention programme 850 Primary Health Care workers were trained and supervised nationwide. The diagnostic sensitivity of major mental disorders and epilepsy increased from 31% to an average of 85%. Before the training, their knowledge of the treatment of these disorders was nil whereas after training 82% of the patients received appropriate treatment. Moreover, this model programme shows a profitable cost/benefit ratio and a high sustainability over the last 10 years.
26
Guangren, Cheng, and Ma Naixiang. "ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHINESE SHEEP AND GOAT RAISING INDUSTRIES OVER THE LAST FORTY YEARS." Animal Genetic Resources Information 9 (April 1992): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900003205.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThe people's Republic of China has been established for forty years. The sheep raising industries, the same as other industries has made tremendous developments and achievements since the Liberation in 1949. The population of sheep and goat has increased four times from 42.35 million in 1949 to 211.64 million heads in 1989. The breed characteristics have also changed greatly in appearance on the basis of large scale crossbreeding programmes. Grease wool yield has increased in China from 33,500 tons in 1950 to 254,000 tons in 1989 and other sheep and goat products have gained to a substantial extent. Meantime, the sheep and goat scientific and technological work and services have developed quickly over the same period.
27
Md. Sultan Mahmud and Habibullah. "The Satisfaction Level of the Beneficiaries of Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) in Bangladesh: A Practical Observation at Field Level." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp92-104.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:
Bangladesh government allocates an amount of money in its national budget every year for the wellbeing of citizens. With the spirit of liberation war and the independence of Bangladesh the present government in its roadmap of development “Vision 2021” has incorporated strategies for the banishment of poverty, inequality and human deprivation. To ensure the sustainable development the Government of Bangladesh has started a total of 126 Safety Net Programmes in the FY 2019-20. To explore the extent and to identify the satisfaction level of the beneficiaries of Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) in Bangladesh, a field study has been conducted in the selected two union councils. Total 70 respondents have been interviewed in this regard. They all have enjoyed different types of benefits of SSNPs. In this study, researchers have been noticed that how many beneficiaries are satisfied after getting the benefits of SSNPs and how many beneficiaries are not satisfied after getting the benefits. The study also found that how the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries have been changed by getting the benefits.
28
Rugwiji, Temba. "THE SALVIFIC TASK OF THE SUFFERING SERVANT IN ISAIAH 42:1-7:." Journal for Semitics 23, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3492.
Full textAbstract:
The theme of salvation is central in the servant songs. In Isaiah 42:1-7, the theme of salvationprefigures the significant task of the suffering servant. First, this essay commences with a critical analysis of Isaiah 42:1-7. This analysis will shed light on the context from which the text emerged in an effort to decipher salvific themes in the text. Second, the study maintains that Yahweh’s exclusivist proclamation in the Old Testament (hereafter OT)is revised in order to also include non-Jews in his salvific programme of the universe. Third, the term salvation is defined as depicting liberation in the OT. Liberation comprises various facets, including but not limited to political freedom, economic emancipation, democracy, justice, poverty eradication, and equal rights, amongst others. Fourth, this essay will explore divergent views on the identity of the suffering servant in the servant songs, such as Jeremiah, Cyrus, Jacob/Israel, and Jesus. The Christian view of the suffering servant will also be considered.Fifth, this article will discuss servant leadership in our contemporary context, in which Nelson Mandela as a representative example of a servant leader is explored. The overall objective of this research is to identify some salvific tasks of the suffering servant in the first servant song in order to inspire, inform and legitimise socio-political transformation1 in our contemporary society.
29
Zieliński, Jan. "Niedziela w Brunnen po latach." Colloquia Litteraria 11, no. 2 (November 22, 2011): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/cl.2011.2.08.
Full textAbstract:
The author compares two visions of Europe, seen from Switzerland: one by the English economist David Ricardo, who was here in 1822, the second one by Czesław Miłosz, visiting this country in 1953. Link between both is Ricardo’s future Polish translator, at the same time brother of Miłosz’s maternal grandfather. Miłosz’s essay is discussed in the frame of the idea of the „liberation of Eastern Europe”, launched by his editor, Jerzy Giedroyc, in the early fifties, and of Arthur Koestler’s call for an European Legion of Liberty. After comparison of the text of Sunday in Brunnen with the iconographic programme of the parochial church in Brunnen the author comes to the conclusion that Miłosz wrote a work of fiction rather than a documentary report on his visit in this small place in Switzerland. Brunnen can be seen as an exemplum.
30
Abegunrin, Layi. "Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC): Towards Regional Integration of Southern Africa for Liberation." A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 17, no. 4 (June 1, 1985): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132558501700405.
Full textAbstract:
Southern Africa has become a battleground between two ideologically and fundamentally opposed constellation of states, Pretoria and Lusaka constellations. The conflict between the two basically concerns the domestic racial policies and the future of South Africa. The Pretoria constellation was launched on July 22, 1980, and is led by P. W. Botha, the South Africa's Prime Minister. The Botha's axis is a designed strategy which essentially aims at using South Africa's economic power and wealth to manipulate its neighboring nine black ruled states; and to exert subtle pressure to ensure that they cohere with the white minority regime of South Africa. This ambition of the Pretoria constellation is a vital part of the total strategy of survival of the Botha government. This particularly involves the use of the economy as an instrument of maintaining ultimate political power and control based on the maintenance of the basic structures of apartheid. This has in turn motivated South Africa's opposition to the policies of economic and political liberation of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) states. The second, the Lusaka constellation and also known as the “Southern Nine” was launched on April 1, 1980. It consists of the nine Southern African States of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The declared aim of the Southern Nine is to form an alliance which would pursue an economic strategy that would reduce or eliminate their economic dependence on South Africa. To this end, the Southern Nine and the South African-occupied territory of Namibia unanimously adopted a Programme of Action aimed at stimulating inter-state trade with the ultimate objective of economic independence from South Africa.
31
Nixon, David. "Towards a Theology of Urban Regeneration: Stories from Devonport." International Journal of Public Theology 8, no. 2 (May 8, 2014): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341343.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article seeks to explore a public theology of urban regeneration, developed out of liberation and postmodern theologies, as well as reflections on place and space, and augmented by critical discussions about the involvement of faith communities in urban development. This theology is actualized in the experience of one uk regeneration programme in Devonport, Plymouth via an analysis of local neighbourhood stories, and extended to include a critique of national urban policy. These local voices expand traditional concepts such as death and resurrection, sin and redemption to provide a richer theological understanding of God’s relationship to the human creation; equally, attention to the tradition provides further insights into what is happening at the level of the street. When neighbourhood and global configurations are juxtaposed, they result in an imaginative Devonport Trinity, which allows and heals the binaries and complexities of (post)modern urban communities.
32
Magliveras, Konstantinos D., and Gino J. Naldi. "When Politics Prevail Over the Rule of Law: The Demise of the sadc Tribunal." International Human Rights Law Review 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 124–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-01001001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article questions whether the Tribunal of the Southern Africa Development Community (sadc) ought to have entertained human rights cases given that the sadc Treaty does not endow it with such jurisdiction. It then analyses its demise in 2010, which was prompted by several rulings against Zimbabwe, whose policy of expropriating land without compensation was held to violate human rights. The pertinent aspects of these cases are reviewed, and the significance of Zimbabwe’s land reform programme is explained. The article elucidates why sadc leaders were prepared to suspend the Tribunal’s operation. This was a combination of alarm that it could evolve into a quasi-regional human rights court but also solidarity with the then President Mugabe, a hero of Africa’s liberation struggle. Finally, the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and the High Court of Tanzania on the lawfulness of the sadc Tribunal’s suspension are considered.
33
Cunningham, Jeremy, and Suren Ladd. "The role of school curriculum in sustainable peace-building: The case of Sri Lanka." Research in Comparative and International Education 13, no. 4 (October 29, 2018): 570–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745499918807027.
Full textAbstract:
The civil war between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) ended in 2009, with total defeat of the LTTE and many thousands of civilian casualties. The country is now engaged in peace-building. Key elements of the secondary school curriculum – truth-seeking, social cohesion and active citizenship – may contribute to this. Six state secondary schools serving different ethnic and religious groups were selected for qualitative research into how far this is the case. Data was collected on the application of knowledge, skills and values in lessons, extra-curricular programmes and whole school culture. The analysis suggests that truth-seeking is weak, with no teaching about the historical roots of the conflict or contemporary issues. There are efforts to build leadership skills and impart democratic values, but the critical thinking and discussion skills necessary for social cohesion and active citizenship are largely absent. The findings are discussed in relation to evidence from Uganda, Cambodia and Northern Ireland.
34
Schmidt, Peter R., and Matthew C. Curtis. "Urban precursors in the Horn: early 1st-millennium BC communities in Eritrea." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089420.
Full textAbstract:
Eritrea fought a war of liberation for three decades between the early 1960s and 1991. While professional research stagnated because of the war, amateur archaeologists provided the sole source of information for ancient material culture in the country during this era. With the coming of independence in 1993, awareness of the potential value of Eritrea’s heritage resources began to grow, leading to an initiative in 1997 to teach archaeology and heritage management at the University of Asmara.Out of the combined training and research programmes conducted by the University of Asmara have come several major discoveries that change the way that the rise of urbanism is seen in the Horn of Africa. We highlight research showing that between 800 BC and 400 BC the greater Asmara area of Eritrea supported the earliest settled agropastoralist communities known in the highlands of the Horn. These communities pre-date and are contemporaneous with Pre-Aksumite settlements in the highlands of southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia.
35
Jerry, Dean R., Tarmo A. Raadik, Stuart C. Cairns, and Peter R. Baverstock. "Evidence for natural interspecific hybridization between the Australian bass (Macquaria novemaculeata) and estuary perch (M. colonorum)." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 7 (1999): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98120.
Full textAbstract:
Australian bass (Macquaria novemaculeata) and estuary perch (M. colonorum) are very similar in their morphology, use of habitat and geographical distribution. Following the capture from four Victorian rivers of specimens possessing species-diagnostic attributes intermediate to the two taxa, an allozyme electrophoresis and morphometric study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that these individuals were the results of interspecific hybridization. Two allozyme loci were found to be useful in species identification and were used to confirm that the individuals in question were indeed interspecific hybrids. The presence of hybrids was further supported by univariate and multivariate analysis of morphological characters. Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis on mtDNA control- region fragments demonstrated that where interspecific hybrids were identified, the maternal parent species was M. novemaculeata. The demonstration that M. novemaculeata and M. colonorum can hybridize in natural populations emphasizes the importance of correct species identification in breeding programmes to prevent the liberation of large numbers of interspecific hybrids.
36
Belykh, Andrey A. "M. Kh. Reutern — Minister of finance during the period of reforms." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-10-115-134.
Full textAbstract:
This work analyzes the development of M. Reutern’s economic views in the period before he had become Minister of finance. His role in redemption operation during the Peasants liberation reform is also studied, as well as his economic policy while being Minister of finance. The article describes his main achievements — progressing to budget proficiency, building of railroads, encouragement of private entrepreneurship, creation of commercial banks system. The article also demonstrates that it was not Reutern who initiated the projects which are commonly considered to be his mistakes, such as attempts to restore rouble exchange rate, the sale of Alyaska, privatization of Nikolaevskaya railroad. Reutern’s activity to prevent abuse of power and corruption are considered. The programme of stage-by-stage rouble exchange rate recovery, initiated by Reutern, was worked out by E. Lamanskiy and failed mostly due to political reasons. The article shows incorrectness of some assessments of Reutern’s activity, presented both by Reutern’s contemporaries and by modern scholars.
37
García de la Torre, Armando. "The contradictions of late nineteenth-century nationalist doctrines: three keys to the ‘globalism’ of José Martí’s nationalism." Journal of Global History 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022808002441.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractScholarly literature on nineteenth-century nationalism concentrates on its strong exclusionary tendencies, while studies of the Cuban independence leader José Martí (1853–95) focus on his articulation of Cuban nationalism and pan-Latin American regionalism through his political activities and writings. This article identifies the globalism of Martí’s nationalism, moving beyond the national and regional frameworks to which studies of Martí have consigned the Cuban freedom fighter. It argues that the global history narratives that Martí wrote for children constitute critical and innovative components of his programme for national liberation and nation building, and encapsulate his nationalist ideology through three key components: the right to self-determination at the national level, the right to self-determination at the personal level, and a sense of global humanitarianism. The article’s transnational perspective places Martí, through his inclusionary, racially blind, humanitarian form of nationalism, as contradicting late nineteenth-century nationalist doctrines, and begs for ideas about the general intellectual climate of the period to be rethought.
38
HU, YI, Pengfei Cui, and Jing Zhang. "Risk factors for and characteristics of pneumonitis in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.128.
Full textAbstract:
128 Background: Pneumonitis is an uncommon but potentially fatal toxicity of anti–programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but its prevalence, risk factors and clinical features are poorly described. Methods: The medical records of 234 patients with advanced cancer who underwent anti–PD-1mAbs therapies between September 2015 and September 2017 at the Cancer Center of the Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital were analyzed with regard to patient background and clinical features. Pneumonitis was diagnosed by the treating investigator; cases with confirmed malignant lung infiltration or infection were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictive factors for pneumonitis. Clinical features, management and prognosis of pneumonitis were also collected. Results: A total of 55 patients (23.5%) developed pneumonitis. Anti–PD-1mAbs induced pneumonitis was significantly associated with male sex, a history of prior thoracic radiotherapy, combination therapy and underlying lung condition (odds ratios 3.380, 3.081, 2.538 and 2.559, respectively). Time to onset of pneumonitis ranged from 2 days to 277days (median time was 85days). 85.4% (47 of 55) of cases were grade 1 to 2, 25.5% (14 of 55) were treated with steroid therapy, of which 85.7% (12 of 14) resolved/ improved. Nine (16.4%) patients worsened clinically and one died during the course of pneumonitis treatment. Conclusions: Pneumonitis associated with anti–PD-1 mAbs is a serious adverse effect in the clinical setting that cannot be ignored. However, patient selection based on sex, history of prior thoracic radiotherapy, combination therapy and underlying lung condition can minimize pneumonitis risk. Most events are low grade and resolved/ improved with steroid therapy. Rarely, pneumonitis worsens despite steroid therapy, and may result in death.
39
Saramak, Daniel, Aldona Krawczykowska, and Anna Młynarczykowska. "Effects of High Pressure ORE Grinding on the Efficiency of Flotation Operations." Archives of Mining Sciences 59, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0051.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article discusses issues related to the impact of the high pressure comminution process on the efficiency of the copper ore flotation operations. HPGR technology improves the efficiency of mineral resource enrichment through a better liberation of useful components from waste rock as well as more efficient comminution of the material. Research programme included the run of a laboratory flotation process for HPGR crushing products at different levels of operating pressures and moisture content. The test results showed that products of the high-pressure grinding rolls achieved better recoveries in flotation processes and showed a higher grade of useful components in the flotation concentrate, in comparison to the ball mill products. Upgrading curves have also been marked in the following arrangement: the content of useful component in concentrate the floatation recovery. All upgrading curves for HPGR products had a more favourable course in comparison to the curves of conventionally grinded ore. The results also indicate that various values of flotation recoveries have been obtained depending on the machine operating parameters (i.e. the operating pressure), and selected feed properties (moisture).
40
Henriot, Christian. "“La Fermeture”: The Abolition of Prostitution in Shanghai, 1949–58." China Quarterly 142 (June 1995): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000035013.
Full textAbstract:
The liberation of women has been one of the priorities of the Chinese Communist Party since its foundation, with its sources in the evolution of ideas and the struggles that developed in urban China after the May Fourth movement. The Party, however, has put this ideal into practice only when it did not contradict the imperatives of revolution. The same holds true for prostitution: in 1949 the Party was eager to eliminate the most obvious forms of the exploitation of women, but practical measures were only carried out over several years. Article 6 of the Common Programme stated that “the People's Republic of China abolishes the feudal system that maintains women in slavery.” Prostitution appears in the discourse of the Party as the worst form of exploitation, as exemplified in an editorial of Xin Zhongguo funii in December 1949: “Prostitution is a sequel to the savage and bestial system of former exploiters and power holders to ruin the spirit and the body of women and to tarnish their dignity.”
41
Simatupang, Mustafa Hizkia. "MEMERDEKAKAN PEMBELAJAR DI TENGAH TERGERUSNYA ROH PENDIDIKAN." INSTITUTIO:JURNAL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51689/it.v6i2.238.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Public expectations for improvement of the National Curriculum rise up again, while a positive response to the appointment of the Minister of Education and Culture from the millennial generation. Fundamental improvements in the educational system appear to be more in line with the demands of the works and the current development. The liberating education is closely related to the strategy of liberated learning. Community resistance related to new policies in primary and secondary education as well as high education is regarded as a reasonable reaction as the changes constantly intersect with the unaccommodated interests of certain groups. However, regulatory breakthroughs are vital to the effort of leapfrogging progress. In order to promote national education, it must be accompanied by an increase in teacher competency. It requires some considerations such as, a) the quality of students; b) whether it is concise, measurable and expandable; c) evidence-based and research results; d) refers to the role of teachers and e) whether it is adaptive to the current development. Offsetting the development of digital science and technology in this third millennial era, the teacher’s competence model must also be flexible to the changes. The categories that need to get a touch of the teacher’s competency model include: 1) Professional Knowledge Mastery; 2) Professional Learning Practices, and 3) Sustainable Professional Development. Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) is able to increase the professionalism of teachers. Improving teacher’s competence and quality training is able to cause to emerge or refine the motivation and passion of teachership. Regular and programmed training and continuous monitoring/evaluation will liberate the teacher and encourage students to reason that is the spirit of liberating education.Keywords: Liberating, Liberated Learning, The Spirit of Education, Professional Teacher, Students.
42
Mwaanga, Oscar, and Samantha Prince. "Negotiating a liberative pedagogy in sport development and peace: understanding consciousness raising through the Go Sisters programme in Zambia." Sport, Education and Society 21, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 588–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1101374.
Full text
43
Metelli, Alessandra, Bill X. Wu, Brian Riesenberg, Silvia Guglietta, John D. Huck, Catherine Mills, Anqi Li, et al. "Thrombin contributes to cancer immune evasion via proteolysis of platelet-bound GARP to activate LTGF-β." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 525 (January 8, 2020): eaay4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4860.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer-associated thrombocytosis and high concentrations of circulating transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) are frequently observed in patients with progressive cancers. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show a direct link between thrombin catalytic activity and release of mature TGF-β1 from platelets. We found that thrombin cleaves glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), a cell surface docking receptor for latent TGF-β1 (LTGF-β1) on platelets, resulting in liberation of active TGF-β1 from the GARP–LTGF-β1 complex. Furthermore, systemic inhibition of thrombin obliterates TGF-β1 maturation in platelet releasate and rewires the tumor microenvironment toward favorable antitumor immunity, which translates into efficient cancer control either alone or in combination with programmed cell death 1–based immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Last, we demonstrate that soluble GARP and GARP–LTGF-β1 complex are present in the circulation of patients with cancer. Together, our data reveal a mechanism of cancer immune evasion that involves thrombin-mediated GARP cleavage and the subsequent TGF-β1 release from platelets. We propose that blockade of GARP cleavage is a valuable therapeutic strategy to overcome cancer’s resistance to immunotherapy.
44
Mubai, Marlino Eugénio. "The unintended consequences of liberalization and austerity on higher education in Mozambique." Africa 91, no. 4 (August 2021): 602–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000437.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractChronic shortages of resources to run the state have been a feature of Mozambique since the colonial period. Even before the adoption of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) in the late 1980s, conditions were austere due to the effects of Portuguese colonialism, a decade of liberation struggle, prolonged civil war and policy mistakes following independence in 1975. Drawing from archival research and oral accounts, this article analyses the impact of the liberalization of higher education in Mozambique. It explores the strategies adopted by intellectuals and academics to navigate reduced state support and donor conditionalities accompanying austerity measures from the late 1980s. It also highlights the paradoxical effects of austerity measures on fundraising, intellectual production, and the expansion of educational institutions. Austerity measures brought about by SAPs have forced universities and faculty to reinvent themselves by commercializing and privatizing higher education and seeking external funding for research. At the same time, scholars are now intellectually freer but more dependent on donors’ research agendas. Finally, the introduction of privately owned higher education institutions and the marketization of public institutions have increased divisions between the elites and the majority of Mozambicans who cannot afford to pay the fees charged.
45
Abdalla, Abualgasim Elgaili, Hasan Ejaz, Mahjoob Osman Mahjoob, Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen, Khalid Omer Abdalla Abosalif, Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Elamir, and Mohammed Alsadig Mousa. "Intelligent Mechanisms of Macrophage Apoptosis Subversion by Mycobacterium." Pathogens 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030218.
Full textAbstract:
Macrophages are one of the first innate defense barriers and play an indispensable role in communication between innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The macrophages can undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis), which is a crucial step to limit the intracellular growth of bacilli by liberating them into extracellular milieu in the form of apoptotic bodies. These bodies can be taken up by the macrophages for the further degradation of bacilli or by the dendritic cells, thereby leading to the activation of T lymphocytes. However, Mtb has the ability to interplay with complex signaling networks to subvert macrophage apoptosis. Here, we describe the intelligent strategies of Mtb inhibition of macrophages apoptosis. This review provides a platform for the future study of unrevealed Mtb anti-apoptotic mechanisms and the design of therapeutic interventions.
46
Panizza, Silvia. "Exploring Ethical Assumptions and Bias in Medical Ethics Teaching." Teaching Ethics 19, no. 2 (2019): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tej20209875.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a reflection on an experiment undertaken during a Medical Ethics lecture delivered to a group of medical students in the UK as part of a project for a programme in Higher Education Practice. The aim of the project, following Paulo Freire’s idea of ‘liberating education,’ was to identify students’ ethical assumptions and biases in relation to a problem of resource allocation in healthcare, and their role in decision-making. The experiment showed the importance placed by medical students on disputed values such as free will, desert, social worth and body image, and highlighted the difficulty and importance of bringing students’ process of moral decision-making to awareness in ethics teaching, in order to a) decrease the role of implicit bias in students’ decision making and b) allow students to decide whether they in fact agree with assumed values and ethical frameworks that influence their thinking.
47
Cupido, L. H., P. L. Żak, N. Mahomed, J. Lelito, G. Piwowarski, and P. K. Krajewski. "Experimental Investigation Of Modified Heat Treatment Of AK64-Type Al-Si-Cu Sand Cast Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 2397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0391.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to observe and analyze the microstructural evolution of phases present in the AK64 Al-Si-Cu alloy subjected to a modified T6 heat treatment (HT). The AK64 alloy1 is the Polish alternative of the A319.0 ASM standard aluminium alloy. The modified T6 HT schedule with a higher temperature and shorter duration was applied in the solutioning process and lower quenching and higher artificial ageing temperature than the prescribed by the ASM standard were used. The cooling curves registered during the liberating of overheating and solidifying processes give important information on nucleation temperatures for the Al dendrite network, Al-Si eutectic reaction and precipitation of Cu-rich phases. Comparison of the as-cast and heat treated microstructures revealed predicted microstructural changes and also partial fragmentation of the Fe-rich phases was observed after the application of the modified HT programme.
48
Streeten, Paul P. "Human Development: Means and Ends (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4I (December 1, 1995): 333–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4ipp.333-372.
Full textAbstract:
Sometimes the change in the fashions of thinking about development appears like a comedy of errors, a lurching from one fad to another. Economic growth, employment creation, jobs and justice, redistribution with growth, basic needs, bottom-up development, participatory development, sustainable development, market-friendly development, liberation, liberalisation, human development; thus goes the carousel of the slogans. But this would not be a correct record. There has been an evolution in our thinking about development. Both internal logic and new evidence have led to the revision of our views. Previous and partly discarded approaches have taught us much that is still valuable, and our current approach will surely be subject to criticisms. A brief survey of the evolution of our thinking may be helpful. The discussion started in the 1950s, influenced by Arthur Lewis (1955) and others, who emphasised economic growth as the key to poverty eradication. Even at this early stage, sensible economists and development planners were quite clear (in spite of what is now often said in caricature of past thought) that economic growth is not an end in itself, but a performance test of development. Arthur Lewis defined the purpose of development as widening our range of choice, exactly as the Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme do today.
49
WOUTERS, NICO. "New Order and Good Government: Municipal Administration in Belgium, 1938–1946." Contemporary European History 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001869.
Full textAbstract:
The inefficient operation of state institutions – including municipal administration – lay at the heart of Belgium's crisis of legitimacy in the 1930s. In 1940, the German military occupation government opted to keep many of the existing administrative institutions and personnel in place. The collaborating political parties, Rex and the Vlaams Nationaal Verbond (VNV), possessed little legitimacy with either the Germans or the Belgian population. However, this article argues that both parties turned this to their advantage, infiltrating the Flemish municipal apparatus (especially mayors). Yet, as their political programme and legitimation was completely derived from the Germans, their legal position as administrators (especially mayors) was very weak. Both collaborating parties compensated for this with the theory of ‘good government’. Their takeover of power was an administrative operation which, the article argues, would bring them legitimacy through everyday ‘good government’. The entire ‘Neuordnung’ in Belgium in 1940–2 was strongly legitimised on administrative, not political grounds. The failure of this tactic lay in the open politicisation of collaborationist local government. As the article shows, the post-liberation authority also faced a problem of legitimacy. Generally speaking, the trauma of occupation had seemed to strengthen Belgians' wishes for the restoration of stability rather than reforms.
50
Ly, Phan Thi. "The support of urban movement in Sai Gon - Gia Dinh to the Provisional Revolution Government’s viewpoint at the Paris Negotiation (1970-1971)." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v5i1.647.
Full textAbstract:
The urban movement, a type of political struggles of people in Southern Vietnam, played an important role in the anti-American resistance of Vietnam. The present article presented aspects in the support of the urban movement in Sai Gon - Gia Dinh to the Provisional Revolution Goverment's viewpoint at the Paris Negotiation (1970-1971) by using the printed materials of the Republic of Vietnam collected from Vietnam National Archives II and the reliable published-materials. In fact, after being established, the Provisional Revolution Government replaced the role of the National Liberation Front at the Paris Negotiation and showed the viewpoint via the Eight-Point Solution, the Three-Point Statement, and the Seven-Point Programme for two years between 1970 and 1971. At the same time, the urban movement in Sai Gon - Gia Dinh had a strong development, and took place with various types, including student movements, intellectual movements, and worker movements. The development of the urban movement supported the Provisional Revolution Government viewpoint of peace, increasing the strength of the diplomatic struggle and driving the US and Sai Gon Government into the strongly isolated situation. This paper also shows the influence of the Provisional Revolution Government on the urban movement in Sai Gon - Gia Dinh.