Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liberia in literature / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Liberia in literature.

Journal articles on the topic 'Liberia in literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Liberia in literature.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Kieh, George Klay. "The American style of development aid to Liberia." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 2 (January 30, 2015): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/71.

Full text
Abstract:
There is a growing corpus of literature on the critical issue of the various styles used by donors in giving development aid to recipient states in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. This article seeks to contribute to the body of literature by examining the nature and dynamics of the American style of development aid to Liberia and the resulting implications for the latter’s social and economic development. Using the realpolitik model as its analytical framework, the article situates the American style of development aid giving within the broader context of Liberia-United States (US) relations. Based on this foundation, the article then interrogated the flows of US development aid to Liberia from 1946–2013. The findings indicate that the American style of aid giving is ostensibly designed to serve the economic, political, military and strategic interests of the US. In this vein, Liberia is required to serve as a foot soldier in the promotion of American national interests in the former and elsewhere. Accordingly, in terms of the implications for social and economic development, for the past six decades American development aid has not helped to advance the material conditions of Liberia’s subaltern classes. However, in order to change this situation, the US would need to rethink the realpolitik foundation of its development aid programme and the Liberian government would need to press for such a policy rethinking. However, both of these possibilities are highly unlikely, given the US’ determination to prosecute its imperial project and its clientelist relationship with the Liberian government.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Quest, Hendrik. "Reforming Masculinity? The SSR-Induced Change of Violence-Centred Masculinities in the Liberian Security Sector." Sicherheit, Militär und Geschlecht 29, no. 1-2020 (May 11, 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v29i1.04.

Full text
Abstract:
When it comes to understanding how peacebuilding affects violence-centred masculinities that emerge during civil wars, the literature on gender and post-conflict reconstruction reveals large gaps. To address this shortcoming, the article analyses the way in which security sector reform (SSR) in Liberia has changed institutional practices of masculinity within the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) and the Liberian National Police (LNP). Based on interviews conducted during field research in Monrovia in 2017 and the analysis of policy documents, the author shows that, indeed, SSR has contributed to a change of violence-centred masculinities in both institutions. Women are now, to some extent, accepted as part of both organisations. Sometimes they are even regarded as crucial for mission success. Institutionally, citizen orientation has replaced the practice to abuse civilians and, in the case of the AFL, there are now procedures in place that allow for a prosecution of sexual violence. The Liberian case shows that for changes to occur, especially disarmament and demobilisation, vetting, and the development and reinforcement of new institutional cultures via training and legislation are essential.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fagaly, William A. "The Traditional Arts of Liberia." African Arts 18, no. 2 (February 1985): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336200.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ikpi, Edet, Solomane Konneh, Bashir Yunusa, Ansumana Camara, Alberta Clark, Sean Subah, David Alele, and Monica Sroden. "Penile Cancer in Liberia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Health 10, no. 08 (2018): 1132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2018.108086.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

V. Al Sherif, Omar. "A Number of Policy Recommendations to Promote Legal Safeguards for Renewable Energy for Private Investment in Liberia." Journal of Innovation and Social Science Research 8, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jissr.2021.08(08).22.

Full text
Abstract:
The development and implementation of renewable energy policies and regulations in Liberia are cardinal to develop the nascent electricity sector. Liberia had developed some of the priority policy and regulatory instruments in the electricity sector; however, supportive policies and regulations to minimize investment risks and create an enabling environment for all actors are indispensable to attain universal energy access. The research aims to provide policy and regulatory recommendations that will increase private sector participation in the electricity sector of Liberia through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. The recommendations examined a comprehensive review and analysis of the energy legislation in Liberia, renewable energy policies in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and data on renewable energy policies from countries in West Africa. It was explicit from the literature review that Liberia does not have policies and regulations for renewable power generation, transmission, and distribution, which are imperative for private sector participation. The establishment of the new renewable energy law and supportive policies such as policy and regulation on tariff setting, fiscal policy, financial policy, administrative and legal provisions, and technical standards are the recommendations of this research paper.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Adams, Monni. "To Dance the Spirits. Masks of Liberia." African Arts 20, no. 1 (November 1986): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336573.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bordogna, Charles. "The Masks of Liberia: Appreciating a Heritage." African Arts 22, no. 2 (February 1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336728.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ikpi, Edet, Solomane Konneh, Bashir Yunusa, Ansumana Camara, Swaliho Sheriff, Romel Chinneh, and David Alele. "Posterior Gastric Perforation in Liberia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Health 10, no. 10 (2018): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2018.1010103.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Adams, Melinda. "Context and Media Frames: The Case of Liberia." Politics & Gender 12, no. 02 (May 26, 2016): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x16000039.

Full text
Abstract:
There is a growing body of work examining gender stereotypes in media representations of female candidates, but much of this literature is based on analysis of media sources in developed countries, including the United States (Braden 1996; Jalalzai 2006; Kahn 1994, 1996; Smith 1997), Australia (Kittilson and Fridkin 2008), Canada (Kittilson and Fridkin 2008), France (Murray 2010b), and Germany (Wiliarty 2010). The increase in female presidential candidates and presidents in Latin America has encouraged research on media portrayals of women in Argentina, Chile, and Venezuela (Franceschet and Thomas 2010; Hinojosa 2010; Piscopo 2010; Thomas and Adams 2010). To date, however, there has been little research exploring media representations of female politicians in Africa. (Exceptions include Adams 2010; Anderson, Diabah, and hMensah 2011). A question that emerges is whether the gender stereotypes common in coverage in the United States, Europe, and Latin America are also prevalent in Africa.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hart, W. A. "Early-Nineteenth-Century Chiefs' Horns from Coastal Liberia." African Arts 32, no. 3 (1999): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337710.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Louis, Elizabeth, Tizai Mauto, My-Lan Dodd, Tasha Heidenrich, Peter Dolo, and Emmanuel Urey. "Using a Gender-Responsive Land Rights Framework to Assess Youth Land Rights in Rural Liberia." Land 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080247.

Full text
Abstract:
This article summarizes the evidence on youth land rights in Liberia from a literature review combined with primary research from two separate studies: (1) A qualitative assessment conducted as formative research to inform the design of the Land Rights and Sustainable Development (LRSD) project for Landesa and its partners’ community level interventions; and (2) a quantitative baseline survey of program beneficiaries as part of an evaluation of the LRSD project. The findings are presented using a Gender-Responsive Land Rights Framework that examines youth land rights through a gender lens. The evidence highlights that female and male youth in Liberia face significant but different barriers to long-term access to land, as well as to participation in decisions related to land. Our suggested recommendations offer insights for the implementation of Liberia’s recently passed Land Rights Act as well as for community-level interventions focused on increasing youth land tenure security in Liberia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Stein, J. A. ""A Christian Nation Calls for its Wandering Children": Life, Liberty, Liberia." American Literary History 19, no. 4 (September 22, 2007): 849–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajm036.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Klay Kieh, George. "Warlords, Politicians and the Post-First Civil War Election in Liberia." African and Asian Studies 10, no. 2-3 (2011): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x586979.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe issue of post-conflict elections has become one of the major areas in both the scholarly literature and in policy circles. This is because post-conflict elections are considered critical to the peacebuilding process in war-torn societies. The rationale is that post-conflict elections can be used to address the vexing problem of choosing the leadership for states recovering from war. With the leadership chosen in the context of free, fair and transparent elections, it can then shepherd the arduous process of rebuilding the society. In this vein, using the first post-conflict election in Liberia as a case study, this article examines the electoral landscape, and the factors that led to the Taylor-led National Patriotic Party (NPP) winning a landslide victory.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Paterson, Doug. "Three Stories from the Trenches: The Theatre of the Oppressed in the Midst of War." TDR/The Drama Review 52, no. 1 (March 2008): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2008.52.1.110.

Full text
Abstract:
From Israel, Liberia, and Iraq, where conflict and war are the rule, come stories about performances and workshops in the tradition of Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed. The author found both strengths and limitations in Forum Theatre.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Piñón, Javier López. "Visions from the Forests: The Art of Liberia and Sierra Leone." African Arts 50, no. 4 (December 2017): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_r_00384.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Sommers, Marc, and Desiree Nilsson. "Liberia: The Eye of the Storm: A Review of the Literature on Internally Displaced, Refugees, and Returnees." International Journal of African Historical Studies 36, no. 3 (2003): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3559449.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Kaloostian, Damita, and Nalini Chhetri. "Information Communication & Technology (ICT): A Comparative Literature Review of Education in the United States and Liberia." International Journal of Education (IJE) 09, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ije2021.9205.

Full text
Abstract:
Globally, the potential of ICT has resulted in mass deployment to transform the educational landscape in accordance with 21st- century demands. The diffusion of ICT within education has shown tremendous benefit, positively impacting students and teachers in learning, instruction, engagement, and assessment (Fu, 2013) However, the widespread application of technology to address education access and quality has not been universally adopted for various reasons, resulting in the exclusion of critical segments of the world's population. As a result of the current technology inequities, the current literature review focuses on access to and use of ICT within education. More specifically, it seeks to explore: (1) what does the comparative and international research say regarding the factors that facilitate access to and use of ICT among underserved K-8 education populations in the United States and Liberia?
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Baldwin, Kate, and Eric Mvukiyehe. "Elections and Collective Action: Evidence from Changes in Traditional Institutions in Liberia." World Politics 67, no. 4 (August 3, 2015): 690–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887115000210.

Full text
Abstract:
Numerous recent field and laboratory experiments find that elections cause higher subsequent levels of collective action within groups. This article questions whether effects observed in these novel environments apply when traditional institutions are democratized. The authors test the external validity of the experimental findings by examining the effects of introducing elections in an indigenous institution in Liberia. They use a break in the process of selecting clan chiefs at the end of Liberia’s civil wars to identify the effects of elections on collective action within communities. Drawing on survey data and outcomes from behavioral games, the authors find that the introduction of elections for clan chiefs has little effect on community-level and national-level political participation but that it increases contentious collective action and lowers levels of contributions to public goods. These findings provide an important counterpoint to the experimental literature, suggesting that elections have less salutary effects on collective action when they replace customary practices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Grall, Aurélie, and Iain Darbyshire. "A synopsis of the African genus Whitfieldia (Acanthaceae: Whitfieldieae) and a key to the species." Kew Bulletin 76, no. 2 (June 2021): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12225-021-09941-8.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryWe present a synopsis and an identification key for the 13 species and one subspecies of the African genus Whitfieldia Hook. (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Whitfieldieae). This work is based on the observation and analysis of morphological data from herbarium specimens and photographs of Whitfieldia species, and the study of all the relevant literature on the genus. Whitfieldia latiflos C.B.Clarke ex Stapf from Liberia is reinstated as an accepted species and a full description and illustration are provided. A new subspecies, W. colorata C.B.Clarke ex Stapf subsp. tigrina A.Grall & I.Darbysh., also from Liberia, is described. In addition, W. arnoldiana De Wild. & T.Durand and W. letestui Benoist are treated as synonyms of W. laurentii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke and W. preussii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke respectively for the first time. Eleven names in Whitfieldia are lectotypified. Reference specimens, relevant literature, habitat notes, distribution maps, taxonomic notes and a preliminary assessment of the conservation status and extinction risk are provided for each taxon. Four species are considered to be threatened of which two (W. latiflos and W. rutilans Heine) are assessed as Endangered (EN) while two others (W. purpurata (Benoist) Heine and W. thollonii (Baill.) Benoist) are placed in the Vulnerable (VU) category. In addition, two taxa are assessed as Near Threatened (NT) and one is currently considered to be Data Deficient (DD).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Dejong. "Affect and Diaspora: Unfashionable Hope in Melvin B. Tolson's Libretto for the Republic of Liberia." Research in African Literatures 45, no. 3 (2014): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/reseafrilite.45.3.110.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Cumberlidge, Neil. "Notes on the taxonomy of West African gecarcinucids of the genus Globonautes Bott, 1959 (Decapoda, Brachyura)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 2210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-335.

Full text
Abstract:
Globonautes leonensis n.sp. is described from three specimens from Sierra Leone, in the unnamed collection of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Globonautes monodosus Bott, 1959 is revived and redescribed from the holotype from Guinea. The gonopods of the holotype of Globonautes macropus (Rathbun, 1898) from Liberia (the type species of the genus Globonautes Bott, 1959) prove to be different from accounts in the literature, and throw into question the identity of Bott's species. The genus Globonautes is redefined, and a new key to distinguish between the species of the genus is provided.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Douglass-Chin, Richard. "Liberia as American Diaspora: The Transnational Scope of American Identity in the Mid-nineteenth Century." Canadian Review of American Studies 40, no. 2 (January 2010): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras.40.2.213.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Lalthapersad-Pillay, Pinky. "Joyce Banda and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf – confronting the neglect of maternal health and women’s rights in Malawi and Liberia." Agenda 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2019.1605679.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Nas, Loes. "“Where the Mask Ends and the Face Begins Is Not Certain”: Mediating Ethnicity and Cheating Geography in Jonny Steinberg'sLittle Liberia." Journal of Literary Studies 29, no. 1 (March 2013): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2013.774176.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Bruyninx, Elze. "L'Art du Laiton Chez les Dan et Guere-Wobe de la Region du Haut-Cavally (Côte d'Ivoire-Liberia)." African Arts 21, no. 2 (February 1988): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336549.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Nilsson, Desirée, Isak Svensson, Barbara Magalhães Teixeira, Luís Martínez Lorenzo, and Anton Ruus. "In the Streets and at the Table: Civil Society Coordination during Peace Negotiations." International Negotiation 25, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-25131241.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract When bringing armed conflicts to a peaceful end, the inclusion of civil society in peacemaking is a vital task. However, whereas previous research on civil society inclusion has made significant advancements, surprisingly little attention has been paid to analyzing how civil resistance and mass action may interact with more elite-driven approaches during peace processes. This study addresses this research gap by examining the interplay between elite and mass-based civil society approaches in three different peace processes in civil wars in Africa in the post-Cold War period: Liberia, the Central African Republic (CAR), and Burundi. We advance the literature by developing a framework that focuses on coordination of these different efforts and we explore this interplay empirically. With this study, we aim to broaden the research agenda, allowing for future synergies at the research frontier of mass action and the inclusion of civil society in peace processes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Barker, Kathryn M., Emilia J. Ling, Mosoka Fallah, Brian VanDeBogert, Yvonne Kodl, Rose Jallah Macauley, K. Viswanath, and Margaret E. Kruk. "Community engagement for health system resilience: evidence from Liberia’s Ebola epidemic." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz174.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The importance of community engagement (CE) for health system resilience is established in theoretical and empirical literature. The practical dimensions of how to operationalize theory and implement its principles have been less explored, especially within low-resource crisis settings. It is therefore unclear how CE is drawn upon and how, if at all, it facilitates health system resilience in times of health system crises. To address this critical gap, we adapt and apply existing theoretical CE frameworks to analyse qualitative data from 92 in-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions collected with health system stakeholders in Liberia in the aftermath of the 2014–15 Ebola outbreak. Health system stakeholders indicated that CE was a crucial contributing factor in addressing the Ebola epidemic in Liberia. Multiple forms of CE were used during the outbreak; however, only some forms were perceived as meaningful, such as the formation of community-based surveillance teams. To achieve meaningful CE, participants recommended that communities be treated as active participants in—as opposed to passive recipients of—health response efforts and that communication platforms for CE be established ahead of a crisis. Participant responses highlight that meaningful CE led to improved communication with and increased trust in health authorities and programming. This facilitated health system response efforts, leading to a fortuitous cycle of increased trust, improved communication and continued meaningful CE—all necessary conditions for health system resilience. This study refines our understanding of CE and demonstrates the ways in which meaningful CE and trust work together in mutually reinforcing and beneficial ways. These findings provide empirical evidence on which to base policies and programmes aimed at improving health system resilience in low-resource settings to more effectively respond to health system crises.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Maxwell, Leonardo, Ezgi Taner, and Gideon Mekonnen Jonathan. "Digitalisation in the Public Sector." International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance 10, no. 2 (July 2019): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitbag.2019070103.

Full text
Abstract:
Digitalisation in the public sector has attracted the attention of political and administrative leaders as well as researchers. Empirical studies suggest that most of the digitalisation efforts fail to achieve the intended efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness of the public sector. While digitalisation is a hot research agenda, only a few studies explored the issue in public organisations. This study, therefore, attempts to address the gap in the literature and identify the factors influencing digitalisation in the public sector. A case study is conducted at one of the largest state-owned enterprises in Liberia, the National Social Security and Welfare Corporation (NASSCORP). The data collected through interviews and examination of internal documents were analysed thematically. The study resulted in the identification of 13 factors influencing digitalisation in the public sector, which are related to technology, organisation as well as the environment. The contribution of the study to research and practice is presented along with the potential future research opportunities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Connaughton, Stacey L., Kelly S. Vibber, Arunima Krishna, Jasmine R. Linabary, and Neva Štumberger. "Theorizing corporate-community relationships and the role of contextual factors in peacebuilding and beyond." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 28, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00001.con.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The concept of relationships is one that is central to numerous subfields within communication, including interpersonal, organizational, and public relations. This conceptual paper investigates the notion of relationships and proposes a framework to understand and explicate corporate-community relationships (CCRs), a specific type of organization-public relationships (OPRs). In developing this framework, we draw upon existing literature and our experiences in Liberia related to natural resource management (NRM) as part of a multi-year collaborative peacebuilding initiative. We advance a framework of CCRs that (a) helps develop further empirical research and knowledge about these relationships and (b) contributes to the practice of more transformative relationships between Western and Asian multinational corporations (MNCs) and local communities in West Africa and beyond. This framework puts forth our conceptualization of CCRs as (a) constituted by the communicative, (b) dynamic, constantly influenced by macro and micro factors, and (c) complex. Drawing on our framework, we also advance some guiding questions for a research agenda in this area.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Petridis, Constantine, and Elze Bruyninx. "A “Harley Mask” at the Cleveland Museum of Art: More on Masks among the Mano and Dan Peoples (Liberia/Côte d'Ivoire)." African Arts 45, no. 1 (March 2012): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar.2012.45.1.16.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Yerger, Piper, Mohamed Jalloh, Cordelia E. M. Coltart, and Carina King. "Barriers to maternal health services during the Ebola outbreak in three West African countries: a literature review." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 9 (September 2020): e002974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002974.

Full text
Abstract:
IntroductionThe Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, affecting Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone from 2014 to 2016, was a substantial public health crisis with health impacts extending past EVD itself. Access to maternal health services (MHS) was disrupted during the epidemic, with reductions in antenatal care, facility-based deliveries and postnatal care. We aimed to identify and describe barriers related to the uptake and provision of MHS during the 2014–2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa.MethodsIn June 2020, we conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications and grey literature from relevant stakeholder organisations. Search terms were generated to identify literature that explained underlying access barriers to MHS. Published literature in scientific journals was first searched and extracted from PubMed and Web of Science databases for the period between 1 January 2014 and 27 June 2020. We hand-searched relevant stakeholder websites. A ‘snowball’ approach was used to identify relevant sources uncaptured in the systematic search. The identified literature was examined to synthesise themes using an existing framework.ResultsNineteen papers were included, with 26 barriers to MHS uptake and provision identified. Three themes emerged: (1) fear and mistrust, (2) health system and service constraints, and (3) poor communication. Our analysis of the literature indicates that fear, experienced by both service users and providers, was the most recurring barrier to MHS. Constrained health systems negatively impacted MHS on the supply side. Poor communication and inadequately coordinated training efforts disallowed competent provision of MHS.ConclusionsBarriers to accessing MHS during the EVD outbreak in West Africa were influenced by complex but inter-related factors at the individual, interpersonal, health system and international level. Future responses to EVD outbreaks need to address underlying reasons for fear and mistrust between patients and providers, and ensure MHS are adequately equipped both routinely and during crises.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Budy, Fidel C. T. "Passive, Victims or Unintended Misrepresentation?" Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n4p13.

Full text
Abstract:
Sustainable development efforts to mitigate the challenges that women face in the midst of land grabbing could be significantly undermined or they could fail to address the concerns of rural African women if they are not driven by the everyday lived experiences of rural African women. Evidence suggests that current accounts of how rural African women experience land grabbing oversimplify the homogeneity of their experiences, depicting them as entirely passive and victims who lack the agency to react to the loss of their land. Addressing this gap in our appreciation of the impact of land grabbing on rural African women is significant to ensure equal access to land and secure tenure rights for women actually work. To this end, there are some in the literature that have, and continue to challenge the depiction of rural African women as entirely passive and victims, lacking agency. This paper builds on those studies to expand the parameter of inquiry by bringing fresh perspectives to the debate from Senjeh District in Liberia. Utilising data collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews in the district over a period of four months, this paper argues that there is a divergence between the well held notions by the literature and experts on the one hand and, women in Senjeh on the other hand. The paper also argues that rural women in Senjeh District exhibited various agency in multiple ways against the loss of their land to Sime Darby.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Foran, Colleen. "Liberia, 1931–33: The Collections of Alfred J. Tulk curated by Christopher B. Steiner Fairfield University Art Museum, Fairfield, Connecticut September 14–December 14, 2018." African Arts 52, no. 4 (October 2019): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_r_00505.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Poncian, Japhace, and Henry Michael Kigodi. "Natural Resource Conflicts as a Struggle for Space: The Case of Mining in Tanzania." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (November 30, 2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2015.1773.

Full text
Abstract:
<p><em>Natural resource extraction in Africa has been characterised by conflicts between large scale and small scale miners on the one hand and large scale miners and the communities on the other. In some countries such as Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Liberia, natural resources have bred political instability and civil wars. A great deal of academic discourse on resource conflicts in Africa focuses on greed, corruption, political struggles for state capture and control over resources, economic liberalisation policies for attracting foreign investors and creating conducive climate for them to invest their capital in natural resource extraction, and foreign forces. While recognising the significance of the above approaches in explaining resource conflicts in Africa, this paper aims at explaining resource conflicts as a struggle for space between the communities, artisanal and small scale miners and large scale foreign mining corporations. The paper, therefore, argues that natural resource extraction conflicts in Africa can well be understood if we approach them as a struggle for space. Data for this paper are drawn from secondary sources including academic literature, government reports, media reports and internet sources.</em></p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Jones, Adam. "Still Underused: Written German Sources for West Africa Before 1884." History in Africa 13 (1986): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171543.

Full text
Abstract:
It is gratifying to receive compliments when one publishes books, yet I have mixed feelings about some of the kind words awarded to my two volumes of translations from seventeenth-century German sources on west Africa. What some people seem to be saying is: “Thank God I won't have to waste time learning that language!” Not only does this attitude rest on the untenable assumption that a translation is an adequate substitute for the original; it also underestimates the importance of those German works which remain untranslated.For those interested in the colonial period, of course, the German literature and archival material is very rich--not only for Togo and Cameroun, but also for other countries, notably Liberia. As soon as the Germans became politically involved in west African affairs in 1884, there appeared a whole flood of publications dealing with this part of the world; and there is also a great deal of unpublished material for the whole period 1884-1939 which urgently calls for more attention from scholars interested in the African past. This is generally recognized (the usual excuse offered for not using the German material is the difficulty of access to the Potsdam archive); yet it is seldom appreciated how much German material there is for the period before 1884.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Sesay, Mohamed. "Hijacking the rule of law in postconflict environments." European Journal of International Security 4, no. 1 (September 17, 2018): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2018.6.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe positive effects of rule of law norms and institutions are often assumed in the peacebuilding literature, with empirical work focusing more on processes of compliance with international standards in war-torn countries. Yet, this article contends that purportedly ‘good’ rule of law norms do not always deliver benign benefits but rather often have negative consequences that harm the very local constituents that peacebuilders promise to help. Specifically, the article argues that rule of law promotion in war-torn countries disproportionately favours actors who have been historically privileged by unequal socio-legal and economic structures at the expense of those whom peacebuilders claim to emancipate. By entrenching an inequitable state system which benefits those with wealth, education, and influence, rule of law institutions have reinforced structural, social, and cost-related barriers to justice. These negative effects explain why war-torn societies avoid the formal courts and law enforcement agencies despite substantial international efforts to professionalise and strengthen these institutions to meet global rule of law standards. The argument is drawn from an historical, comparative, and empirical analysis of the UK-funded justice sector development programme in Sierra Leone and US-supported rule of law reforms in Liberia – two postwar countries often cited as prototypes of successful peacebuilding.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Mossaad, Nadwa, Jeremy Ferwerda, Duncan Lawrence, Jeremy M. Weinstein, and Jens Hainmueller. "Determinants of refugee naturalization in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (August 27, 2018): 9175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802711115.

Full text
Abstract:
The United States operates the world’s largest refugee resettlement program. However, there is almost no systematic evidence on whether refugees successfully integrate into American society over the long run. We address this gap by drawing on linked administrative data to directly measure a long-term integration outcome: naturalization rates. Assessing the full population of refugees resettled between 2000 and 2010, we find that refugees naturalize at high rates: 66% achieved citizenship by 2015. This rate is substantially higher than among other immigrants who became eligible for citizenship during the same period. We also find significant heterogeneity in naturalization rates. Consistent with the literature on immigration more generally, sociodemographic characteristics condition the likelihood of naturalization. Women, refugees with longer residency, and those with higher education levels are more likely to obtain citizenship. National origins also matter. While refugees from Iran, Iraq, and Somalia naturalize at higher rates, those from Burma, Ukraine, Vietnam, and Liberia naturalize at lower rates. We also find naturalization success is significantly shaped by the initial resettlement location. Placing refugees in areas that are urban, have lower rates of unemployment, and have a larger share of conationals increases the likelihood of acquiring citizenship. These findings suggest pathways to promote refugee integration by targeting interventions and by optimizing the geographic placement of refugees.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Foley, Andrew. "Liberal politics and liberal literature." Journal of Literary Studies 8, no. 3-4 (December 1992): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564719208530013.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

SULLIVAN, TARA M., JANE T. BERTRAND, JANET RICE, and JAMES D. SHELTON. "SKEWED CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD MIX: WHY IT HAPPENS, WHY IT MATTERS." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 4 (August 23, 2005): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005026647.

Full text
Abstract:
Contraceptive prevalence has been central to family planning research over the past few decades, but researchers have given surprisingly little consideration to method mix, a proxy for method availability or choice. There is no ‘ideal’ method mix recognized by the international community; however, there may be reason for concern when one or two methods predominate in a given country. In this article method skew is operationally defined as a single method constituting 50% or more of contraceptive use in a given country. Of 96 countries examined in this analysis, 34 have this type of skewed method mix. These 34 countries cluster in three groups: (1) sixteen countries in which traditional methods dominate, most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) four countries in which female sterilization predominates (India, Brazil, Dominican Republic and Panama); and (3) fourteen countries that rely on a single reversible method (the pill in Algeria, Kuwait, Liberia, Morocco, Sudan and Zimbabwe; the IUD in Cuba, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; and the injectable in Malawi). A review of available literature on method choice in these countries provides substantial insight into the different patterns of method skew. Method skew in some countries reflects cultural preferences or social norms. Yet it becomes problematic if it stems from restrictive population policies, lack of access to a broad range of methods, or provider bias.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Cruz, Joelle. "Following traces: an organizational ethnography in the midst of trauma." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 11, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-02-2016-1366.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it brings forth a methodology of “traces” for organizational ethnography of the shadow, also understood as the realm of the repressed. Second, it highlights the emotional disconnect that organizational ethnographers encounter in traumatized communities and provides suggestions to bridge them. Design/methodology/approach The paper – drawing on autoethnography – incorporates the author’s fieldwork experiences conducted with market women in postconflict Monrovia, Liberia. In the tradition of “confessional tales,” it includes vignettes from fieldnotes and in-depth qualitative interviews. Findings The paper highlights three types of traces for research on the shadow: memorial, interactional, and material. Research limitations/implications The paper is important because it provides a methodology to recover information pertaining to the organizational shadow, where silence, absence, and suppression dominate. It extends existing literature focused on visuality to consider alternative and holistic epistemologies in line with African worldviews. Practical implications This paper will help practitioners working with traumatized communities as it suggests the use of memory as a more indirect route to recover information rather than direct questioning. Originality/value The paper juxtaposes poignant stories with academic prose and is valuable in terms of content and form. First, it addresses the topics of emotion and discomfort, seldom incorporated in organization studies. Second, it is valuable to scholars wishing to experiment with more intuitive forms of writing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Onwujekwe, Obinna, Prince Agwu, Charles Orjiakor, Martin McKee, Eleanor Hutchinson, Chinyere Mbachu, Aloysius Odii, et al. "Corruption in Anglophone West Africa health systems: a systematic review of its different variants and the factors that sustain them." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 7 (August 4, 2019): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz070.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractWest African countries are ranked especially low in global corruption perception indexes. The health sector is often singled out for particular concern given the role of corruption in hampering access to, and utilization of health services, representing a major barrier to progress to universal health coverage and to achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. The first step in tackling corruption systematically is to understand its scale and nature. We present a systematic review of literature that explores corruption involving front-line healthcare providers, their managers and other stakeholders in health sectors in the five Anglophone West African (AWA) countries: Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, identifying motivators and drivers of corrupt practices and interventions that have been adopted or proposed. Boolean operators were adopted to optimize search outputs and identify relevant studies. Both grey and published literature were identified from Research Gate, Yahoo, Google Scholar, Google and PubMed, and reviewed and synthesized around key domains, with 61 publications meeting our inclusion criteria. The top five most prevalent/frequently reported corrupt practices were (1) absenteeism; (2) diversion of patients to private facilities; (3) inappropriate procurement; (4) informal payments; and (5) theft of drugs and supplies. Incentives for corrupt practices and other manifestations of corruption in the AWA health sector were also highlighted, while poor working conditions and low wages fuel malpractice. Primary research on anti-corruption strategies in health sectors in AWA remains scarce, with recommendations to curb corrupt practices often drawn from personal views and experience rather that of rigorous studies. We argue that a nuanced understanding of all types of corruption and their impacts is an important precondition to designing viable contextually appropriate anti-corruption strategies. It is a particular challenge to identify and tackle corruption in settings where formal rules are fluid or insufficiently enforced.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Smiga, George, and Zvonimir I. Herman. "Liberi in Christo: Saggi esegetici sulla liberta dalla Legge nella Lettera ai Galati." Journal of Biblical Literature 108, no. 1 (1989): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3267499.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Manton, John, and Martin Gorsky. "Health Planning in 1960s Africa: International Health Organisations and the Post-Colonial State." Medical History 62, no. 4 (September 7, 2018): 425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.41.

Full text
Abstract:
This article explores the programme of national health planning carried out in the 1960s in West and Central Africa by the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Health plans were intended as integral aspects of economic development planning in five newly independent countries: Gabon, Liberia, Mali, Niger and Sierra Leone. We begin by showing that this episode is treated only superficially in the existing WHO historiography, then introduce some relevant critical literature on the history of development planning. Next we outline the context for health planning, noting: the opportunities which independence from colonial control offered to international development agencies; the WHO’s limited capacity in Africa; and its preliminary efforts to avoid imposing Western values or partisan views of health system organisation. Our analysis of the plans themselves suggests they lacked the necessary administrative and statistical capacity properly to gauge local needs, while the absence of significant financial resources meant that they proposed little more than augmentation of existing structures. By the late 1960s optimism gave way to disappointment as it became apparent that implementation had been minimal. We describe the ensuing conflict within WHO over programme evaluation and ongoing expenditure, which exposed differences of opinion between African and American officials over approaches to international health aid. We conclude with a discussion of how the plans set in train longer processes of development planning, and, perhaps less desirably, gave bureaucratic shape to the post-colonial state.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Robert, Emilie, Valery Ridde, Dheepa Rajan, Omar Sam, Mamadou Dravé, and Denis Porignon. "Realist evaluation of the role of the Universal Health Coverage Partnership in strengthening policy dialogue for health planning and financing: a protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e022345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022345.

Full text
Abstract:
IntroductionIn 2011, WHO, the European Union and Luxembourg entered into a collaborative agreement to support policy dialogue for health planning and financing; these were acknowledged as core areas in need of targeted support in countries’ quest towards universal health coverage (UHC). Entitled ‘Universal Health Coverage Partnership’, this intervention is intended to strengthen countries’ capacity to develop, negotiate, implement, monitor and evaluate robust and integrated national health policies oriented towards UHC. It is a complex intervention involving a multitude of actors working on a significant number of remarkably diverse activities in different countries.Methods and analysisThe researchers will conduct a realist evaluation to answer the following question: How, in what contexts, and triggering what mechanisms, does the Partnership support policy dialogue for health planning and financing towards UHC? A qualitative multiple case study will be undertaken in Togo, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cape Verde, Burkina Faso and Niger. Three steps will be implemented: (1) formulating context–mechanism–outcome explanatory propositions to guide data collection, based on expert knowledge and theoretical literature; (2) collecting empirical data through semistructured interviews with key informants and observations of key events, and analysing data; (3) specifying the intervention theory.Ethics and disseminationThe primary target audiences are WHO and its partner countries; international and national stakeholders involved in or supporting policy dialogues in the health sector, especially in low-income countries; and researchers with interest in UHC, policy dialogue, evaluation research and/or realist evaluation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Foley, Andrew. "Postmodern Liberal Literature: Richard Rorty's “Liberal Ironists”." Journal of Literary Studies 24, no. 4 (December 2008): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564710802220879.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Pierce, Brendan, and James D. Sidman. "S107 – Management of Noma in Third World Mission Trips." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.280.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives We describe the experiences of the volunteer physicians treating Noma patients in two West African nations. Included is an extensive literature review describing preoperative methods, the pathogenesis of lesions, symptoms of the disease, and surgical repair techniques. Finally, we discuss consequences of the disease, specifically severe trismus secondary to temporomandibular joint ankylosis causing complications related to the delivery of anesthesia. Methods Description of 4 Noma patients treated in Liberia or Ghana at distinct stages. 1) Treatment of malnutrition and correction of electrolyte disturbances; 2) Treatment of underlying infections with antibiotics and debridement of lesions; 3) Surgical repair of necrotic areas and closure of the open wounds with appropriate anesthetic management; 4) Observation following surgical repair. Results We discuss in detail 4 illustrative patients who were encountered at varying stages of treatment. We describe extensive reconstruction under local anesthesia and other treatment options available to teams with resources such as micro-surgical techniques and the use of single-stage reconstruction. Fiberoptic intubation techniques were unavailable, and thus intubation was not attempted on patients with ankylosis. Conclusions Noma continues to grotesquely disfigure the poor malnourished children of Africa at an incidence of 4 per 1000, a 10-fold greater incidence than cleft lip. Untreated, Noma has a mortality rate up to 80%, with proper treatment that can be lowered to 10%. We demonstrate that remarkable results can still be accomplished without intubation with only local anesthesia. We acknowledge these limitations but illustrate the benefit is overwhelming to these patients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Kuo, Steven C. Y. "Chinese Peace? An Emergent Norm in African Peace Operations." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 01 (April 2015): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500086.

Full text
Abstract:
The steady rise in Chinese participation in peace operations in Africa is a significant development in the post-Cold War collective security architecture. An aspect of China's rise and its challenge to the liberal global order is its contribution to post-conflict peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and peace-making in Africa, areas that have been dominated by the West. The purpose of this article is to bring together literatures that do not usually speak to one another: Chinese discourses on peacebuilding and the debate on the liberal peace in Africa. The subject of this article is the emerging "Chinese peace" discourse. By examining the "Chinese peace" — both its normative content and its on-the-ground participation in a comprehensive liberal peace project — as a part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) — this article begins to highlight differences, identify tensions, and recognize complementarities between the dominant liberal and the emergent Chinese approach to peacebuilding.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Shallon, Atuhaire, Oladosu A. Ojengbede, John Francis Mugisha, and Akin-Tunde A. Odukogbe. "Social Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Obstetric Fistula Patients Before and After Repair in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 2 (November 18, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21714.

Full text
Abstract:
Aims: Social reintegration and rehabilitation of obstetric fistula patients before and after repair enhance their overall status, which may be unattainable even with a successful repair. Nonetheless, there is little traceable documentation about it even with supportive programs and projects, the thrust of this study. Methods: This is a systematic review involving a search of relevant literature from PubMed, Google scholar, PsychINFO, African Journals Online, Australian Journals Online, and open access journals of international organizations such as WHO, UNFPA, USAID, Engender Health, Fistula Foundation and Fistula Care Plus published between 1978 to date. Of the 46 articles identified, 25 were suitable for achievement of this study’s purpose. Results:Sub-Saharan African countries have recognized the overall burden of obstetric fistula and have devised strategies for its holistic management. Most countries have National Obstetric Fistula Strategic Frameworks which emphasize multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches other than medical paradigms. Social reintegration and rehabilitation have been done through the identification of individual patient’s need/s. Projects and programs aiming to combat obstetric fistula and restore patients’ self-worth and dignity are: Lamaneh Suisse, and Delta Survie in Mali, Dimol in Niger, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Burundi, FORWARD in Nigeria and Sierra Leone, Handicap International in Benin Republic, Women For Africa in Ghana and Liberia, TERREWODE and CoRSU both in Uganda, Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia in Ethiopia, and others which cut across the region. Conclusions: Effective social reintegration and rehabilitation strategies are still inadequate in Sub-Saharan Africa due to lack of political commitment and inadequate outreach programs. Keywords: obstetric fistula, recto-vaginal fistula, rehabilitation, social reintegration, vesico-vaginal fistula.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Njagi, Catherine Wambugu. "Combating Civil Wars in Africa." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v4i1.34.

Full text
Abstract:
The Twentieth and twenty first centuries have been described as the age of anxiety. This is largely due to the many civil wars and conflicts that have been prevalent in our contemporary world, and especially with special reference to Africa which is the worst hit. In particular, armed conflicts been witnessed in Angola, Ethiopia Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia and Sudan among others. Equally, civil wars have been witnessed in Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Sudan. Sadly, some of these States are at the verge of collapse due to the effect of these unfortunate civil wars and conflicts. Other countries that were affected by civil or ethnic conflicts, albeit at lower levels include: Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Togo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, and South Africa. The latter has witnessed xenophobic attacks, especially in May 2008. Terrorism activities have also Increased, as it continues to create tensions among nations, religions, tribes and so on. To this end, this article seeks to explore the causes of civil wars and conflicts in Africa, that bleeds poverty on a mass scale. How can the church participate in curbing these wars and conflicts, and eventually usher-in sanity in these troubled waters? In its methodology, this article strives to redefine war and discusses the characteristics of modern warfare. Through an extensive review of relevant literature, the article has also attempted to explore the place of individual persons, the nation-states and the international network systems in combating civil wars; and lastly, it has endeavored to show the contribution of the church in wrestling out all forms of conflicts in the Sub-Saharan Africa.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Pluta, Paweł. "Dlaczego preromantyzm? Literatura przełomu XVIII i XIX stulecia w terminologii historyka literatury." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.1-4.

Full text
Abstract:
The article is an attempt to look at the meaning of the term “pre-Romanticism” through the prism of its functioning in literary texts. The subject of analysis are texts published in two book by Alina Aleksandrowicz and Ewa Grzęda. The two books are different in terms of the date (1991 and 2007) and the nature of the publication (collective volume and author’s anthology of literary works), but also linked to each other through the use of the term pre-Romanticism in their titles. The reconstructed senses of the term pre-Romanticism refer to aesthetic and literary phenomena which have their specific names in literary studies: Sentimentalism, Gothicism, Ossianism or Rococo. The observations of other literary researchers (T. Kostkiewiczowa, A. Kowalczykowa, J. Krzyżanowski, Z. Libera, J. Lyszczyna, J. Maciejewski), who previously considered the problem of pre-Romanticism, constitute a complementary or comparative material for the formulated conclusions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Liberia in literature' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography