Journal articles: 'Liberia Iron and Steel Corporation'

1

Liu, Yi Zhen, and Ying Xia Liu. "Design and Realize the Measurement and Administration for Steel and Iron Enterprise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.238.

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This system is taken as the extended subsystem of measurement and information of Benxi iron and Steel Corporation. It enforces the three grade measurement and administration, and provides the measurement of energy network, procedure energy, energy consumption and production basic information for the hot rolling. At same time, accomplish the applied software for the energy supervision and administrator system for extending the administration of the Benxi Steel and Iron Corporation measurement information system.

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Matsui, Taijiro. "The Latest Trends in Refractories Technology for Iron and Steel Production at Nippon Steel Corporation." Advances in Science and Technology 70 (October 2010): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.70.150.

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In this report, the trends in refractories technologies for iron and steel production at Nippon Steel Corporation in the last few decades are outlined. Amid dramatic changes in crude steel production accompanying increased ratios in higher quality of steel and sophisticated refining methods, in in our refractory ceramics R&D Div., actual machines have been realized by practicing developed outcomes with technologies for every production process relating to: refractory material quality, furnace building or execution, reparation, diagnosis, demolition, and recycling. Thus, continuing reduction in the unit consumption of refractories has been steadily performed. Additionally, technical issues are reduced to further enhance and maintain our international competitiveness in refractories technologies.

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Li, Ai Jun, and Yin Xue Cao. "Integrated Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for a Large-Scale Iron and Steel Corporation in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.942.

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This paper constructs an optimization model about carbon dioxide emissions problem for production process of a large-scale iron and steel corporation in China. Then how to realize maximal profits of corporation is studied under the subjective conditions about production, raw material supply and emissions abatement amount. And the optimized production structure in accordance with production benefits and environment benefits are obtained by non linear programming methodology. Finally the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of steel production are compared with the level of whole China and developed countries, and how to utilize the byproducts of coal gas for multipurpose is also discussed.

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Zhang, Shou-rong. "Practice for Extending Blast Furnace Campaign Life at Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 13, no. 6 (June 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(06)60101-5.

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Guo, Bin, Jin Qiao Xu, Lei Cui, and Qing Feng Wang. "Process, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X90 Pipeline Steel." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.894.

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This paper provided a detailed description of X90 pipeline steel developed in Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO), including its metallurgical design, manufacturing process, structural characteristics and mechanical properties. Some key issues such as the cooling rate and rolling parameters were addressed for the development of X90 pipeline steel. The experimental results showed that the manufacturing process of controlled rolling (for austenite refining) + relaxation (for ferrite phase transformation) +ultrafast accelerated cooling could guarantee very fine microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. The X90 pipeline steel developed in WISCO has a good match of high strength and excellent toughness. Mechanical properties of X90 coils, plates and corresponding SSAW and LSAW pipes comprehensively meet the technical requirements of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

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Huyen, Nguyen Thi Kim. "MFCA application aiming to analyze the cost of steel production process in Thai Nguyen Iron and Steel Corporation." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 7, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v7i3p121.

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Deng, Hui Jing, and Yun Zhou Li. "Research on Vegetation Restoration of Waitoushan Iron Mine Wasteland of Benxi Steel Group Corporation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1494.

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According to the investigation on the environmental pollution and vegetation conditions of Waitoushan Iron Mine of Benxi Steel Group Corporation, this paper discusses the ecological vegetation restoration of mine, makes the plans for short-term and long-term vegetation restoration, researches on the basic principles, ways, silvicultural techniques of short-term vegetation restoration. Wherein, the stability control of mine refuse dump is the precondition of vegetation restoration, the improvement of soil matrix is foundation, and the screening of vegetation varieties is the key to the success of vegetation restoration. The theoretical basis is provided for the construction of long-term mine ecological park.

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LONG, Jian-yu, Zhong ZHENG, Xiao-qiang GAO, and Yong-min GONG. "Production Planning System for the Whole Steelmaking Process of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Corporation." Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International 21 (April 2014): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(14)60119-9.

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Fidelys, Ravelomanana, and Yan Liang. "Analysis of African Iron and Steel Market for Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO)’s Possible Entry: Preliminary Screening and Final Selection Statistical Scoring Model." American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 05, no. 05 (2015): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.55026.

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Takagi, Shunsuke, and Takeo Furui. "Study on the use of laterite as an iron-making material — Research at Nippon Steel Corporation." International Journal of Mineral Processing 19, no. 1-4 (May 1987): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(87)90037-8.

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11

Xiong, Tao, Hong Wei Yu, Shi Sen Wang, Han Xiong Dong, and De Fa Li. "Effects of Rolling Process on Microstructure and Yield Ratio in a High Strength Building Steel Plate." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.637.

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The microstructures have been investigated in steel plates with different rolling processes to find the reasons of yield ratio overseted standard in few high strength building steel plates produced in Echeng Iron and Steel Corporation. The effects of rolling path, rolling path depress ratio on microstructure and properties. Some reasons of yield ratio overseted standard have been analyzed. The results show that decreasing rolling paths and increasing depress ratio refined grains but unchanged area ratio and interlamellar spacing of pearlite. Yield strength excessively increased but tensile strength unchanged increased yield ratio. So, excellent properties can be obtained by applying the optimization process.

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12

Unger, Jonathan. "Indigenous Large Firms in China's Economic Reform: The Case of Shougang Iron and Steel Corporation. Peter Nolan." China Journal 41 (January 1999): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2667599.

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13

Sosin, S. V., S. A. Karikov, V. B. Semakova, V. P. Russkikh, and V. V. Semakov. "Charging System Enhancements for a Blast Furnace at Azovstal Iron and Steel Works Private Joint-Stock Corporation." Metallurgist 63, no. 3-4 (July 2019): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-019-00827-6.

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Tian, Yu Ze. "Experimental Study on Producing Concrete Hollow Block with Mining Slag." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.820.

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The experiments of compressive strength about maix proportion of concrete are repeatedly done, adopting orthogonal experimental method. In this experiment, dry separation waste rocks and mine tailings in mining slag of Qidashan Iron Mine which is subsidiary company of Anshan Iron and Steel Corporation are used instead of traditional fine and coarse aggregate concretes. Then the optimized mix proportion is determined to make the concrete small hollow blocks. Sample test shows that it is feasible to make load bearing concrete small hollow blocks which can meet national standards.

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Ravelomanana, Fidelys, Liang Yan, Christophe Mahazomanana, and Leoncine Paul Miarisoa. "The External and Internal Factors That Influence the Choice of Foreign Entry Modes at Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation." Open Journal of Business and Management 03, no. 01 (2015): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2015.31003.

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16

Cheng, Zhong Hang, Ke Xu Yu, Tong Lin Zhao, and Xiao Li Wang. "Experimental Research on the Lean Magnetite of RongTian Mine Corporation by Single Magnetic Process." Advanced Materials Research 826 (November 2013): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.826.29.

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In this paper, the mineral properties of the lean magnetite in RongTian mine corporation was studied, during which the analysis of the mineral properties, prelimenary separation on the lump mine, two-section grinding, one section fine screening and three-section low intensity magnetic separation process were carried out. The results showed that if the suitable mineral processing flowsheet is adapted, we can achieved such index:concentrate grade of 63.65%, Fe recovery of 47.12% based on the ore grade of 10.05%.. According to the experimental result analysis, most of the iron minerals could be used to support the steel production of LingGang Group.Single magnetic process proved to be an suitable and promising process to conduct the fine particles of lean magnitite.

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17

Liu, Kai, Yi Sheng Zhang, Jian Hua Mo, and Li Jian. "Manufacturing Automobile B Pillar by a Digitized Hot Stamping Production System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.397.

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For the manufacturing of high strength automobile body safety parts, a digitally controlled pilot production system for the hot stamping process was developed, including an electro-servo press, a numerically controlled heating furnace, a blank conveying system and a synchronized production line control system. By using the in-house developed hot stamping production system, automobile B pillars were manufactured from a proprietary high strength steel developed by Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation. The steel blank was austenized in the furnace at 950°C for 5 min, followed by hot stamping. The overall cooling rate of the heated blank was above 35°C s-1 during the hot stamping process, which ensured a uniform martensitic microstructure with an average hardness above 460 HV1, a room temperature of tensile strength of 1489MPa and an elongation of 6.87%. The deviation of the formed part from the 3-D model is in the range between +0.623mm ~ -0.826mm.

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18

Chang, Ca Min, Yon Sen Lin, Chien Nan Pan, and Wen Tung Cheng. "Numerical Analysis on the Refractory Wear of the Blast Furnace Main Trough." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.294.

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This study aims to numerically analyze the refractory wear of the blast furnace main trough. The three dimensional transient Navier-Stocks equation associated with the volume of fluid (VOF) was developed to describe the flow fields of air, molten iron and slag in the main trough of the blast furnace during tapping process; and then solved by the finite volume method (FVM) subject to the pressure implicit with split operator (PSIO). Based on the Newton’s law of viscosity, the computed shear stress profile in the impingement region consists with the erosion rate of main trough from the no. 4 blast furnace at China Steel Corporation (CSC BF4). The influence of the tapping angle and the ratio of iron to slag in tapping stream on the wall shear stress of main trough was also examined for the suggestion to minimize the refractory wear of blast furnace main trough in this work.

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19

Jung, Pan S. "Effect of raised temperature on a stainless-steel surface by ambient atomic-force microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146989.

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We report images from atomic force microscopy (AFM) of a heated metallic surface performed under an ambient environment. The stainless steel surface was heated up to 121C, which is limited only by the capacitive heating element used (100W). We observed that the topography of the surface changes dramatically. It is found that at high temperatures, the surface appears flat compared with the presence of many round bumps observed on the same sample at room temperature when the ambient humidity is high. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on ambient AFM performed on a metallic surface above 100C.Most AFM systems adopt moving sample stages [1]. In this case, it is difficult to implement heavy heating heating elements and a heat reservoir block. For this experiment, the TAK3 from AT Corporation [2] is used. The sample stage is kept stationary and the heating element (the tip of a soldering iron) is fixed firmly on one side of a surface of the block using a screw.

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Tong, Ming Wei, Ze Xi Yuan, and Kai Guang Zhang. "Research and Development of High Strength Architectural Heavy Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.590.

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This paper provides a detailed description of high strength architectural heavy plates with 80mm in thickness developed at Wuhan Iron and Steel（Group）Corporation(WISCO). The chemical composition of plates contains mainly C-Mn-Nb-V-Ti with proper content of other alloys, and the thermal-mechanical controlled process and normalizing treatment were applied. The results show that the base plates manufactured at WISCO have a good match of high strength, good through-thickness characteristic, low yield ratio and low temperature toughness with fine microstructure, and the fracture transition temperature is about -40°C. The welding plate also has high strength and good low temperature toughness which comprehensively meet the technical requirement of large-scale architectural buildings.

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Nicholas, D., M. Heathcote, and G. Moore. "Practical condition assessment options for critical trunk watermains." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0079.

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A review, originally carried out for Sydney Water Corporation, of a complete range of direct and indirect methodologies used to assess the condition of buried cast iron and steel water pipelines is presented. These techniques include pipe sampling, pit depth measurement, soil testing using various parameters, as well as other non-destructive testing (NDT) based on various electromagnetic principles. Both the literature and comprehensive field trials have shown that soil testing using linear polarisation resistance (LPR) methodologies as an input to statistical analysis packages is a cost-effective technique. Direct evaluation using remote field eddy current intelligent pigs can also be very useful for the direct examination of critical watermains but is limited to smaller sizes of DN 150-DN 375.

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Kawakami, Kosuke, Hirokazu Kobayashi, and Kazuhide Nakata. "Seasonal Inventory Management Model for Raw Materials in Steel Industry." INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 51, no. 4 (July 2021): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2021.1073.

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We developed a seasonal inventory management model for raw materials, such as iron ore and coal, for multiple suppliers and multiple mills. The Nippon Steel Corporation imports more than 100 million tons of raw material annually by vessels from Australia, Brazil, Canada, and other countries. Once these raw materials arrive in Japan, they are transported to domestic mills and stored in yards before being treated in a blast furnace. A critical problem currently facing the industry is the limited capacity of the yards, which leads to high demurrage costs while ships wait for space to open up in the yards before they can unload. To reduce the demurrage costs, the inventory levels of the raw materials must be kept as low as possible. However, inventory levels that are too low may lead to inventory shortage resulting from seasonal supply disruptions (e.g., a cyclone in Australia) that delay the supply of raw materials. Because both excess and depleted inventory levels lead to increased costs, optimal inventory levels must be determined. To solve this problem, we developed an inventory management model that considers variations on the supply side, differences that should be observable upon looking at the ship operations. The concept is to model the probability distribution of ship arrival intervals by brand groups and mills. We divided ship operations into two stages: arrival at all mills (in Japan) and arrival at individual mills. We modeled the former as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the latter as a nonhomogeneous Gamma process. Our proposed model enables inventory levels to be reduced by 14% in summer and 6% in winter.

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Sun, Xue Kai, Xi Ping Ma, Cheng Bin Xu, Jie Bai, and Wei Zhang. "Isolation, Screening and Identification of Phenol-Degrading Bacteria from Coking Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 2027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.2027.

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Phenol is the most common pollutant which can be found in several types of industries. It is highly toxic to human beings. To seek the best phenol-degrading bacteria, we collected activated sludge from an aeration tank of the coking wastewater treatment plant, Benxi Iron and Steel Corporation. Five phenol-degrading strains, designated BS3, BS4, BS23, BS28 and BS29, were isolated and screened from activated sludge. Under the conditions of initial phenol 500 mg•L-1,170 rpm and 28°C, the removal efficiencies of BS3, BS4, BS23, BS28 and BS29 strains reached to 79.6%±1.8%, 55.2%±1.0%, 62.4%±2.6%, 78.6%±2.0% and 61.2%±1.9% within 24 h, respectively. By a series of morphological and biochemical and physiological tests, the five phenol-degrading bacteria were identified. The results indicated that they were Pseudomonas spp.. Hence these strains can be effectively used for bioremediation of phenol contaminated water.

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Guo, Jinlin, Yayu Huo, Fang Li, Yuanping Li, Zhaojun Guo, Huaqing Han, and Yuhong Zhou. "Impact of gender, albumin, and CYP2C19 polymorphisms on valproic acid in Chinese patients: a population pharmacokinetic model." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 8 (August 2020): 030006052095228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520952281.

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Objective This prospective study aimed to establish the valproic acid (VPA) population pharmacokinetic model in Chinese patients and realise personalised medication on the basis of population pharmacokinetics. Methods The patients’ clinical information and VPA plasma concentrations were collected from The General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation (TISCO). Nonlinear mixed-effect modelling was used to build the population pharmacokinetic model. To characterise the pharmacokinetic data, a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption and elimination was used. The first-order conditional estimation with η-ε interaction was applied throughout the model-developing procedure. The absorption rate constant (Ka) was fixed at 2.38 hour−1, and the impact of covariates on clearance and apparent volume of distribution were also explored. Medical records of 60 inpatients were reviewed prospectively and the objective function value (OFV) of the base model and final model were 851.813 and 817.622, respectively. Results Gender was identified as the covariate that had a significant impact on the volume of distribution, and albumin and CYP2C19 genotypes influenced clearance. Conclusion Bootstrap and VPC indicated that a reliable model had been developed that was based on the simulation results, and a simple-to-use dosage regimen table was created to guide clinicians for VPA drug dosing.

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Welman, Lesley, and Sanette LA Ferreira. "Sea Harvest: Back(fish)bone in Saldanha Bay’s local and regional economy?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 32, no. 6 (September 2017): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094217727265.

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The fishing industry is the socio-economic base of coastal towns in the West Coast region of South Africa. Regional development focussed on Saldanha Bay is locked into a tight relationship between the Port (oil, gas and iron ore), the local government and two industrial sectors, namely steel and maritime fishing. This paper examines the role Sea Harvest Corporation (Pty) Ltd has played in the evolution and development (socio-economic transformation) of the Greater Saldanha Bay region. 1 First, the literature on the roles of institutions in regional development in general and fishing in particular is reviewed. Second, the state of fish resources at global, national and local levels is discussed to provide the wider context. Third, a mixed-method approach is used in a case study of Saldanha Bay’s deep-sea trawling industry where the evolution of Sea Harvest as a company in the Greater Saldanha Bay region and its role in the region’s development are treated. Sea Harvest is shown to play an important role in the local and regional economies – where more than 2000 permanent jobs have been sustained over the last 10 years and at least 25% of all households in the Greater Saldanha Bay region have benefitted from involvement with the company. Last, some lessons from this highly specific case study are shared.

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Jin, Zi Qiao, Xian Jun Lu, and Shu Gang Hu. "Alkali Activation of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." Advanced Materials Research 158 (November 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.158.1.

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In order to stimulate the potential cementitious property of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), the ground GBFS sample (Wei Fang Iron and Steel Corporation, China) was activated by lime and gypsum under different dosages. The results showed that lime is an effective activator for the slag, and the optimum dosage of lime is about 10% (w/w) of the slag. At the optimum dosage of lime, the 28 days compressive strength of the lime-slag paste is higher than that of 32.5 ordinary Portland cement (OPC). But, the early age strength (3 and 7 days compressive strength) of the lime-slag paste is lower than that of the OPC. Addition of gypsum can effectively improve the early age strength of the lime-slag paste. At the ratio of gypsum:lime:slag of 8.2:9.2:82.6 (w/w), both the early and long-term compressive strengths of the gypsum-lime-slag paste are higher than that of the OPC. According to XRD, TG-DTA and SEM detections of the hydration products of the lime-slag paste, the gypsum-lime-slag paste and the OPC paste, it reveals that the hydration process of the GBFS-based cementitious material is different from the ordinary Portland cement and the presence of ettringite (AFt) contributes to the early age strength of the pastes. The major hydration product of the OPC paste (<7 days) were measured as ettringite (AFt), but the AFt phase was not detected in the hydration product of the lime-slag paste and the major hydration product of the lime-slag paste was determined as amorphous CSH gel. However, AFt was detected in the hydration products of the gypsum-lime-slag paste in the early stages of hydration, and the formation of AFt is favorable for the early strength improvement of the material.

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"Research of scheme on coal moisture control in the Xiangtan Iron and Steel Corporation." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, no. 2 (March 2002): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)85037-8.

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"CuBraz FILLER METAL." Alloy Digest 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.cu0597.

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Abstract CuBraz is a copper powder mixed in a gel-type binder, for airpowered applicators. It is for brazing iron or steel assemblies and can be easily applied prior to furnace brazing. This datasheet provides information on composition and physical properties. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: CU-597. Producer or source: Wall Colmonoy Corporation.

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"CARPENTER INVAR 36 ALLOY." Alloy Digest 53, no. 8 (August 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.fe0131.

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Abstract Carpenter Invar 36 alloy is a 36% nickel-iron alloy with a rate of thermal expansion approximately one-tenth that of carbon steel at temperatures up to 204 deg C (400 deg F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance. Filing Code: FE-131. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

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"CJ88-32. DCA gears used in the large scale cold rolling mill at Taiyuan Iron and Steel Corporation." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 31, no. 4 (January 1989): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(89)90009-x.

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Laakso, Sampsa Vili Antero, Ugur Aydin, and Peter Krajnik. "Verification of electric steel punching simulation results using microhardness." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, January 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06500-6.

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AbstractOne of the most dominant manufacturing methods in the production of electromechanical devices from sheet metal is punching. In punching, the material undergoes plastic deformation and finally fracture. Punching of an electrical steel sheet causes plastic deformation on the edges of the part, which affects the magnetic properties of the material, i.e., increases iron losses in the material, which in turn has a negative effect on the performance of the electromagnetic devices in the final product. Therefore, punching-induced iron losses decrease the energy efficiency of the device. FEM simulations of punching have shown significantly increased plastic deformation on the workpiece edges with increasing tool wear. In order to identify the critical tool wear, after which the iron losses have increased beyond acceptable limits, the simulation results must be verified with experimental methods. The acceptable limits are pushed further in the standards by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The new standard (IEC TS 60034-30-2:2016) has much stricter limits regarding the energy efficiency of electromechanical machines, with an IE5 class efficiency that exceeds the previous IE4 class (IEC 60034-30-1:2014) requirements by 30%. The simulations are done using Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Deform, a finite element software for material processing simulations. The electrical steel used is M400-50A, and the tool material is Vanadis 23, a powder-based high-speed steel. Vanadis 23 is a high alloyed powder metallurgical high-speed steel with a high abrasive wear resistance and a high compressive strength. It is suitable for cold work processing like punching. In the existing literature, FEM simulations and experimental methods have been incorporated for investigating the edge deformation properties of sheared surfaces, but there is a research gap in verifying the simulation results with the experimental methods. In this paper, FEM simulation of the punching process is verified using an electrical steel sheet from real production environment and measuring the deformation of the edges using microhardness measurements. The simulations show high plastic deformation 50 μm into the workpiece edge, a result that is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Tariq, Hisham, David Emes, Yebeen Boo, Alexander Light, Zia Sadique, Mishal Sameer Khan, Alan D. Knight, Osman Dar, and Logan Manikam. "Economic impact of Ebola virus disease outbreak on an extractive firm: a case study." UCL Open Environment 2, no. 1 (May 13, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000007.

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The recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic was one of the most severe public health emergencies in modern times. The economic impact of epidemics has mostly been analysed at the macroeconomic level. Conversely, we aimed to estimate the economic costs of preventive measures of the epidemic to an extractive firm, ArcelorMittal (AM), using data in the epidemic region from March 2014 to December 2015. AM is the world’s largest steel producer and is particularly important in West Africa, where the extractive industry is economically crucial. Qualitative methods, in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs), were used to investigate the events and channels of impact of the epidemic on the firm, as perceived by employees and contractors. Quantitative data regarding these costs were also collected. Retrospective cost analysis estimated the actual cost of preventive methods adopted. Most respondents indicated the largest cost impact was suspension of the Phase II expansion, a series of projects designed to increase iron ore production in Liberia. The next largest cost was the preventive measures adopted to counter disease spread. Total costs incurred for adopting preventive measures were USD 10.58–11.11 million. The overall direct costs of preventive measures adopted within the fence, meaning within the physical boundary of the firm’s sites, shared 30–31% of the total costs incurred. The share of external donations supporting humanitarian response was 11–12% of the total costs, followed by 7–12% of relational costs. The firm’s response during the EVD epidemic focussed on its employees and operations, which was later expanded to the wider community and then in supporting the international humanitarian response.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Liberia Iron and Steel Corporation'

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