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1

Thornhill, Kerrie. "Reconstructed meanings of gender violence in postwar Liberia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:188ca3b4-0b92-487a-aafb-01736b25fce5.

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The central question guiding this study is, how can Liberia's historical context of colonial state formation and reformation help explain public discourses surrounding gender violence in the postwar decade, 2003-2013? This question is addressed using original data from mixed qualitative methods including participant observation, visual methods, and semi-structured interviews. The research identifies narratives and meta-narratives produced by liberal institutions (including the Government of Liberia and international agencies), as well as informal discourses from adult Liberians of different backgrounds living in Greater Monrovia. Using critical discourse analysis, the argument identifies connections between the narratives that recur, the social realities they recall, and the power dynamics they perpetuate. These discourses are best understood in reference to liberal and colonial/imperial dynamics from Liberia's settlement period. Liberal institutions addressing gender violence in the postwar period face dilemmas in which universalist humanitarian ideals work in tandem with, and provide justification for, imperialism as a set of discursive and material relations. Nonelite Liberians instrumentalise and subvert both privileged donor discourses as well as long-standing colonial hierarchies of 'civilised' and 'country'. Additionally, the thesis examines how liberal institutions, traditional institutions, and Liberian citizens interact as agents of discursive construction. It will be shown that this pattern of discourse production is at times harmonious, as in the interactions around promoting male head-of-household responsibilities, and at other times adversarial, as in conflicts surrounding excision as an initiation practice for girls. Liberal institutions, non-elite Liberians, and traditional authorities both collude and compete in this era of dynamic normative contestation. Both the major discourses and the interactions that produce them can be explained in part by the liberal imperialism and its specific form of settler colonialism that propelled the founding and subsequent stages of state formation in Liberia. The consequences of that residual history indicate inherent - though, not irredeemable - structural limitations to a robust institutional response to gender violence. In this manner the study demonstrates the utility of historicising Liberia's contemporary gender violence discourses, and how doing so can address the longstanding bifurcation between rights and culture in international development and transnational feminist geography.
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Clarke, Roland Tuwea. "Postwar Reconstruction in Liberia: The Participation and Recognition of Women in Politics in Liberia." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1038.

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Despite the remarkable contributions made by women to secure peace in Liberia, women's representation in politics is still low. The first female African President has been elected, as well as a few women to strategic government positions, but the vast majority of women remain invisible. The reliance on these few women in government is inadequate to produce the significant changes that will be required to bring equality for all women. This study examines the recognition of women's relative participation and recognition in postwar reconstruction in Liberia. Differences between traditional and non-traditional women's participation in Liberia were found. This study includes interviews and document review as methods for exploring how women, traditional and nontraditional, may or may not participate in Liberian political decisions.
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Martin, De Almagro Maria. "(Un)globalizing civil society: when the boomerang rebounds :transnational advocacy networks and women groups in post-conflict Burundi and Liberia." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209092.

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To date, few scholars have addressed the internal dynamics of transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and their impact on the production of international norms. The lack of research on the topic seems rather surprising at a time when constructivists produce literature on the significance of global civil society and the role networks play in processes of recruitment and collective identity construction (Crugel 1999; Keck and Sikkink 1998; Boli and Thomas 1999; Anheier et al. 2001; Taylor and Rupp 2001; Keane 2003; Bob 2005). I cover this gap by looking at how power struggles between the international and the local members of a TAN shape the implementation of international norms in post-conflict settings. The purpose of the thesis is twofold: firstly to contribute to a broader literature on global civil society and secondly, to propose a new, more dynamic account on the life-cycle of international norms. The campaign for the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security presents an ideal case study. First, it is one of the most successful stories of global norm creation and diffusion thanks to the advocacy efforts of non-state actors. Second, it also shows a case of policy gridlock, where the international efforts to bettering the situation of women in non-Western settings through an implicit liberal normative teleology have shown their limits by the socializee’s formal acceptance of the framework and informal resistance to the dominant norm. Based on extensive fieldwork, my approach combines feminist research methodology (Bar On 1993; Devault 1990; Pillow 2003; Taylor 2000), with the reflexive approach advocated by qualitative researchers in post-colonial and post-structuralist studies (Said 1978; Butler 1990; Escobar 1995). I conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with women activists during 4 field visits in Bujumbura (Burundi) and Monrovia (Liberia) between 2012 and 2013. Following discourse analysis theory (Shepherd 2008; Hansen 2006) and using NViVo8, the interviews were systematically analysed with regard to the reasons they put forward to explain their engagement in the women’s movement and the type of rights they sought to accomplish. The research is conducted through a relational approach in which the interactions of agents are affected by 1) a diversity of structural opportunities through three mechanisms: brokerage, gatekeeping and diffusion and, 2) a compound of ideas forming the master-frame. Those two, in turn, modify interests and identities, both understood as outputs and not as variables determining the interactions of agents. I show how a certain discourse on gender security became accepted as the master frame of the campaign, and how other discourses were left out. That is, I show how discourses created boundaries and identities amongst actors, and how these actors used their agency to stretch those boundaries and identities in order to steer other activists to move towards certain behaviour. Building upon my empirical findings, the thesis sets out a theoretical model of identity boundaries stretching and adaptation in order to analyse the discursive construction of identity and subjectivity as political action. It develops the concept of rebound effect, that is, the point where the ideational boundaries between the thrower of the boomerang (issue entrepreneur) and the receiver (issue follower) are so impervious that the boomerang bounces back and never reaches its destination. I found out that norms based on a liberal peacebuilding approach such as UNSCR1325 are created and maintained by a failure to engage with local and grassroots movements (Richmond 2013). This, in turn, contributes to a process of de-legitimization of NGOs and local associations who form the TAN vis-à-vis the affected population. My findings have important implications for international relation theories of global governance and global activism since they provided a critique of the mainstream norm’s cascade model by introducing new temporalities and geographies in the analysis of the life-cycle of international norms.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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4

Taylor, Nick. "Perspectives on the social question : poverty and unemployment in liberal and neoliberal Britain." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77884/.

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The thesis seeks to ask what we can learn from historical perspectives on poverty and unemployment in the liberal era for an understanding of poverty and unemployment in the neoliberal era. It does this through staging a series of historical interventions with figures and groups in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century (1870 to 1939) and then turning to the twenty-first century to look at how poverty and unemployment have been conceptualized and governed. It explores the continuing role of moralizing discourses targeted at the poor and unemployed, variously labelled as the “residuum”, “unemployables”, “habitual loafers”, “shirkers” and “scroungers”. In both the liberal and neoliberal eras, the objective is to explore how these discourses, and various practices of classifying and excluding the poor and unemployed, and seeking to conduct their behaviour, constitute a kind of “illiberal liberalism”. The thesis employs theoretical approaches from Marxist, Foucauldian and history of economic thought literatures to understand this in terms of different forms of “social control”. It finds that moralized judgements of behaviour, character and class significantly affect how poverty and unemployment are thought about, even as structural and economic understandings of these problems advance and become more “scientific”. The first set of perspectives it explores is from late-nineteenth century neoclassical economist William Stanley Jevons and Alfred Marshall. The second set explores the contributions of social reformers Charles Booth, Helen Bosanquet and Hubert Llewellyn Smith. The final set looks at the interwar era and includes the National Unemployed Workers’ Movement and the reading of George Orwell’s The Road to Wigan Pier. The thesis draws from these perspectives to demonstrate the historical resonances of illiberal discourses and practices in the neoliberal workforce era, analysing the way that social control runs through the marketization of employment services and the renewed focus on “character”.
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Huang, Lindsey A. "Prosperity Belief and Liberal Individualism: A Study of Economic and Social Attitudes in Guatemala." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801941/.

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Globalization has facilitated the growth of “market-friendly” religions throughout the world, but especially in developing societies in the global South. A popular belief among these movements is prosperity belief. Prosperity belief has several characteristics which make it compatible with liberal individualism, the dominant value in a globalized society. At the same time, its compatibility with this value may be limited, extending only to economic liberalism, but not to liberal attitudes on social issues. Data from the Pew Forum on Religious and Public Life’s 2006 survey Spirit and Power: Survey of Pentecostals in Guatemala is used to conduct a quantitative analysis regarding the economic and social attitudes of prosperity belief adherents in Guatemala in order to examine the potential, as well as the limits, of this belief’s compatibility with liberal individualism. Results suggest that support for liberal individualism is bifurcated. On one hand there is some support for the positive influence of prosperity belief on economic liberalism in regards to matters of free trade, but on the other hand, prosperity belief adherents continue to maintain conservative attitudes in regards to social issues. As prosperity belief and liberal individualism continue to grow along global capitalism, these findings have implications for the future of market-friendly religions and for the societies of the global South.
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Benbow, David Ian. "A critical analysis of neo-liberal reforms to the English NHS since the year 2000." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/4584/.

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Solidarity was important in the creation and maintenance of the English NHS, which was the product of class compromise. Its founding principles were that it was to be free (at the point of access), universal, comprehensive and primarily funded from general taxation. In recent decades, successive governments have renewed the neo-liberal project. This has involved new governance mechanisms (quasi-markets and targets) being emplaced in the NHS and private healthcare companies (which have influenced government policy) being afforded increasing opportunities to deliver NHS services. Such privatisation is antagonistic to patient needs. I undertake an ideology critique of the NHS reforms of the New Labour governments and of governments since 2010. I examine the influences on, justifications for, resistance to, and potential reifying effects of, such reforms. Misrepresentations and mystification may legitimate and obscure legal changes. I identify the ideological modes and strategies that governments have employed to justify their reforms. I also analyse several modes of reification (identity thinking, instrumental rationality, depoliticisation and the legitimation effect of law) to assess whether the reforms produced estrangement, which is the opposite of solidarity. Many of the justifications for successive reforms were contested. Although such reforms have rendered healthcare more opaque, solidarity endures. Neo-liberal norms compete with residual norms (including the NHS’ founding principles) and emergent norms (which developed due to the problems of welfare states, such as their failure to empower recipients and the persistence of health inequalities). As validity has been given to residual and emergent norms, which have been superficially articulated within government discourse, but which are undermined by neo-liberal policies, a legitimation crisis may arise as public experience increasingly diverges from them. I advocate amending legislation which has undermined residual norms, democratising the NHS to empower patients and the public and increased intervention in capitalism to address health inequalities.
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7

Gill, Donna. "Patriarchy, liberal-capitalism, and the press : the unmaking of feminism in the eighties." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63944.

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8

Lottholz, Philipp. "Post-liberal statebuilding in Central Asia : a decolonial perspective on community security practices and imaginaries of social order in Kyrgyzstan." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8358/.

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This thesis presents a development of the concept of post-liberalism to analyse processes of statebuilding in Central Asia by the example of Kyrgyzstan from a decolonial angle. Recent debates in peace, conflict and intervention studies have conceived of ‘post-liberal’ and ‘hybrid forms of peace’ as modalities of resistance against and re-negotiation of a globally dominant ‘liberal peace’ template promoted by Western governments and the international intervention architecture. This research proposes to critically reconsider these debates by introducing ‘imaginaries of statebuilding’ – understood as mental constructs structuring people’s thoughts and actions – through which the study captures the complex and contradictory processes of reception, adoption and resistance against globally dominant notions of capitalist economic development, democracy, and peacebuilding and security practices. Practices of peacebuilding and community security – and their embeddedness in the post-liberal trajectory of statebuilding – are analysed by the example of local crime prevention centres, territorial youth councils, and a national level NGO network working on police reform and participatory provision of public security. The research demonstrates how exclusion, structural violence and precarity are reproduced and feed into patterns of post-conflict governmentality which exist in sync with seemingly emancipatory and contextually meaningful ways of coexistence and steps towards institutional reform.
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9

Genand, Stéphanie. "Le modèle libertin et la fin de l'Ancien Régime, 1782-1802." Paris 4, 2002. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9780729408677.

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Cette thèse tente de souligner l'existence d'un lien entre l'esthétique libertine, telle qu'elle apparaît sous la Régence, et l'abolition des principes de l'Ancien Régime. Le libertinage est en effet indissociable de l'aristocratie, puisqu'il naît dans les milieux mondains des années 1730, et dans les cercles de cette noblesse oisive qui se consacre à la séduction. Il faut donc s'interroger sur le devenir de cette esthétique au tournant du siècle, lorsque la Révolution et avant elle la progression des valeurs bourgeoises amènent à nuancer, sur tous les plans, les prérogatives de l'aristocratie. Le roman libertin évolue en effet mais ne disparaît pas. La notion de " modèle " tente alors de rendre compte de sa présence diffuse, concurrencée par d'autres esthétiques et d'autres fonctionnements littéraires. Lorsque l'Ancien Régime bascule, le roman libertin subsiste, même sous une forme hybride
The object of this thesis is to highlight the existence of a connection between the libertine aesthetics, as it appears under the Regency, and the abolition of principles inherited from the Ancien Régime. Indeed libertinage cannot be dissociated from the existence of aristocracy, as it appears in mondain circles in the 1730s, and among idle nobles who practice the art of seduction. It is worth examining the evolution of the libertine aesthetics at the turn of the century, in a context where the French Revolution, and before that stronger values of the bourgeoisie, both tend to question all aspects of the aristocracy's prerogatives. .
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Oliveira, Aparecido Batista de. "Crítica do princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-21012015-080246/.

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A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar o princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador, como elemento central e teleológico do direito do trabalho, a fim de verificar aspectos relevantes para a contextualização sociológica, histórica e jurídica desse ramo do direito e contribuir para a construção de uma racionalidade de justiça social. Partindo da intrínseca relação do direito do trabalho com o sistema capitalista de produção e com o conflito de classes sociais inerente ao referido sistema, questionou-se o papel desse ramo jurídico, como instrumento de emancipação da classe trabalhadora ou de preservação dos interesses do capital. A finalidade da doutrina da conciliação das classes sociais e alguns dos principais aspectos de sua implementação no Brasil foram trazidos para o conjunto analítico. Foram analisados os reflexos das transformações do Estado e, portanto, do direito, para o princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador, a partir das mudanças de uma estrutura normativa liberal para a social, passando pelo impacto da ideologia neoliberal e da reestruturação produtiva das últimas décadas. A dinâmica normativa dos princípios e em especial do princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador e a verificação de aspectos importantes da relação deste princípio com outros centrais do direito do trabalho foram abordadas. Foram revisitadas as principais técnicas e situações jurídicas de aplicação do princípio em estudo, a partir da perspectiva de direito social e da contribuição para o fortalecimento da classe trabalhadora. Por fim, apresentouse uma reflexão, à luz do princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador, a respeito da problemática da terceirização, da rotatividade da mão de obra e do excesso de jornada de trabalho.
This research aimed to study the principle of improvement of workers social conditions, as a central and teleological element of Labor Law in order to analise relevant aspects for the sociological, historical and legal contextualization of this branch of Law and also to contribute to the development of social justice rationality. Based on the intrinsic relationship of Labor Law with the production capitalist system and also based on the class conflict which is inherent in the previously mentioned system, the role of this branch of Law was questioned as an emancipation tool for the working class or as a tool for preserving the interests of the capital. The purpose of the doctrine of reconciliation of social classes and some of the key aspects of its implementation in Brazil were scrutinized. Reflections of state transformations were analyzed and therefore the right to the principle of improvement of the workers social conditions were also analyzed, based on changes which would alter a liberal regulatory framework into a social one, through the impact of neoliberal ideology and of the restructuring of productive decades. The dynamics of normative principles and in particular the principle of improvement of workers social condition and the analysis of important aspects of its relationship with other central principles of Labor Law were addressed. The main technical and legal situations of application of the principle being studied were rewied from the perspective of Social Law and from the perspective of contribution to strengthening of the working class. Finally, a reflection, under the light of the principle of improvement of workers social condition, about the issues of outsourcing, labor turnover and excessive working hours presented.
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Charbit, Joël. "Entre subversion et gouvernementalité : le droit d’expression collective des personnes détenues en France (1944-2014)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12008/document.

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Cette thèse prend pour objet l’institutionnalisation d’un droit d’expression collective des personnes détenues en France. Elle repose sur l’articulation entre une démarche sociohistorique centrée sur l’émergence de l’enjeu d’une participation des détenus à la gestion carcérale et une enquête de terrain par entretiens, observations et analyse de corpus documentaires menée entre 2011 et 2014 dans trois établissements pénitentiaires français. Cette institutionnalisation est tout d’abord envisagée comme le prolongement d’une double histoire, réformatrice et subversive, de l’implication des prisonniers dans la gestion de certains aspects de la détention au cours la seconde moitié du XXème siècle. Cette double histoire est abordée à travers le croisement entre recherches de modes alternatifs de gestion de la détention et auto-organisation des prisonniers sous les formes associative et syndicale. La thèse analyse ensuite l’émergence et la trajectoire de l’expérimentation administrative « droit d’expression collective des personnes détenues » entre 2010 et 2011 afin de dégager les logiques d’action mises en œuvre par les acteurs impliqués, au niveau national ou local, dans la promotion, la critique et le fonctionnement de dispositifs participatifs expérimentaux. Enfin, en analysant la contribution de ces dispositifs à la production de l’ordre en prison et les relations de pouvoir qu’ils impliquent, cette étude souligne la manière dont la mise en participation de la « vie quotidienne » en prison exprime une forme de gouvernementalité carcérale spécifique. Ce travail se présente ainsi comme une contribution à l’étude des transformations contemporaines de l’enfermement
This dissertation focuses on the institutionalization of inmates’ right to collective expression in France. The research brings together two complementary perspectives: a sociohistorical account of the issue of prisoners’ participation in prison management and a field research (based on interviews, direct observation and data collection) conducted in 2011–2014 in three French prisons. First, this institutionalization is identified as the contemporary extension of a dual historical process, both reformist and subversive, of prisoners’ involvement in certain aspects of prison management since the second half of the 20th century. The investigation of this dual historical process leads to a distinction between the search for alternative methods of prison management and prisoners’ self-organization through association and unionization. Secondly, the dissertation analyzes the emergence and trajectory of the “inmates’ right to collective expression” policy experiment in 2010–2011. It highlights the various rationales of the main protagonists of this experiment at both national and local levels, whether they supported, criticized or became involved in the implementation of this experiment. Lastly, the study of the power relations in the implementation of this policy and the analysis of how it contributed to the production of order highlight the ways in which inmate participation in the management of certain aspects of their “daily life” entails a specific form of prison governmentality. As such, this dissertation contributes to the understanding of the contemporary prison system and its transformations
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Thillay, Alain. "La liberté du travail à Paris sous l'Ancien Régime : l'exemple du faubourg Saint-Antoine." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040037.

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Principal lieu de travail privilégié de la capitale au XVIIIe siècle, le faubourg Saint-Antoine permet à ses artisans de travailler sans lettres de maitrise, à l'écart du contrôle des jurandes parisiennes depuis 1657. Si plusieurs enclos seigneuriaux, hôpitaux et manufactures jouissent aussi de privilèges, le faubourg Saint-Antoine assure le libre accès au travail d'un grand nombre d'ouvriers, en même temps qu'une liberté d'entreprendre. Des ouvriers venus de l'étranger, de province ou de Paris intra-muros y développent les activités de l'ameublement et de la décoration intérieure, comme celles du textile ou de la métallurgie. Il symbolise par conséquent la liberté du travail dans une ville pourtant dominée par les jurandes. L'analyse des formes d'organisation du travail artisanal à Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles et du soutien que la monarchie apporte aux unes et aux autres, souligne des situations conflictuelles, mais aussi des combinaisons parfois complexes. Si les premières laissent croire à une totale opposition entre les artisans du faubourg Saint-Antoine et les maitres parisiens, les secondes démontrent des pratiques professionnelles plus souples. A côté des ouvriers libres, de nombreux maitres de corporations et des jurés, issus ou non de leurs rangs, demeurent et travaillent dans le quartier. Entre conflits et connivences, le travail des « faux-ouvriers » sert les intérêts des « vrais » maitres. Le faubourg Saint-Antoine et la ville sont deux espaces complémentaires. Conçue sur la base d'un privilège et non sur une conception égalitaire, cette liberté ne conduit pas à la remise en cause de l'organisation du travail en jurande. Les parcours de nombreux artisans témoignent de la coexistence de conditions socioprofessionnelles variées. De la liberté du travail au faubourg révolutionnaire, il nous faut donc rester prudent : les trajectoires ne sont ni linéaires ni uniformes.
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Gervasi, Laurène. "La liberté dans les mémoires féminins au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC267.

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Madame de Motteville et la duchesse de Montpensier sont deux aristocrates contemporaines. La première est dame de compagnie d’Anne d’Autriche ; la seconde est cousine germaine de Louis XIV. Témoins des bouleversements liés à la Régence et à la Fronde, elles sont conduites à des questionnements parallèles. Si elles se sont passionnément intéressées à l’histoire de leur époque, elles ont fait des choix de vie individuelle qui les distinguent du commun des femmes. Chacune a adopté une forme de célibat. Ces choix de vie ont forgé en elles le désir de liberté. Ce qui crée le plus intensément leur sororité littéraire reste l’écriture de Mémoires. L’histoire les a invitées à s’interroger sur l’identité nobiliaire. La Fronde va être l’occasion historique pour la Grande Mademoiselle de revendiquer les valeurs menacées par les évolutions politiques. En cela, elle ne partage pas les idées politiques de Madame de Motteville qui va s’employer à soutenir le pouvoir légitime dans ses Mémoires. Simultanément se pose aux deux auteures la question de leur identité féminine. Madame de Motteville et Mademoiselle mettent en scène, dans leurs Mémoires, l’oppression dont les femmes sont victimes et qui tient au fonctionnement patriarcal de la société. Une fois Louis XIV au pouvoir de manière effective, les rêves de libération féminine s’évanouissent. D’où la tendance des deux mémorialistes à formuler une expérience individuée de la liberté. Le statut de femme libre peine à exister sur le plan public. Mais il demeure possible de l’inventer dans le cadre de la sphère privée. Elles vont se frayer un chemin vers la liberté en réinventant à leur manière le destin féminin, sans pour autant déboucher sur un véritable féminisme, leurs valeurs demeurant sous certains angles empreintes de traditionalisme. À l’intérieur de cette sphère privée, l’écriture mémorialiste circonscrit un deuxième espace dans lequel leur quête de liberté prend corps et s’épanouit
Madame de Motteville and the Duchess of Montpensier were two contemporary aristocrats. The former was a lady-in-waiting to Anne of Austria; the latter was a first cousin of Louis XIV. They witnessed the upheavals caused by the Regency and the Fronde and shared a passionate interest in the history of their times. It led them to explore similar issues. They each chose a form of spinsterhood and made life choices which distinguished them from the common run of women and contributed to their desire for liberty. The main reason why they can be regarded as litterary 'sisters' is the writing of Memoirs. History made them both question their aristocratic identity, though in different ways: La Grande Mademoiselle took the opportunity of the Fronde to fight for values threatened by political changes while Madame de Motteville supported the legitimate power of the Regency through her Memoirs. They also both questioned their feminine identity. Theydealt with the oppression women suffered as a result of a patriachal society. After Louis XIV took power in 1660, hopes of feminine liberation were dashed. Hence both memorialists' tendency to seek and write about a personal experience of freedom. They could not achieve the status of 'liberated' women in the public sphere but they could try to do so in the private one. They fought their way to freedom by reinventing women's destiny in their own ways, but without defending feminist views as such, as their values remained tinged withtraditionalism. The writing of Memoirs allowed them to define within the private sphere a space in which their quest for freedom couldflourish
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Chippendale, Emma. "The global financial crisis and public sentiment towards immigration and immigrants in the Netherlands : implications for liberal democracy and political culture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19928.

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 ushered in a new era of globalisation and with it, intensified levels of global migration. The movement of people across increasingly fluid and penetrable boundaries has altered the demographic profile of European states and this cultural diversity has confronted contemporary Western liberal democracies with a unique set of challenges concerning the integration of diverse groups into society for the purpose of fostering cohesion and domestic stability. The effects of cultural diversity are not limited to demographics however, and this thesis focuses predominantly on the political and public responses that this phenomenon has evoked. The context of the Netherlands provides a particularly enlightening example of the way in which attempts to manage cultural diversity have stimulated intensive debate on immigration and integration topics, which have subsequently become firmly ensconced within public and political discourse. This ongoing debate in the Dutch context has brought to the fore wider questions pertaining to citizenship, national identity and culture. More importantly, these issues have exposed the limits of Dutch tolerance: increasingly restrictionist immigration and integration policy over the last two decades, and in the last 10 years in particular, has appeared incongruous with stereotypical perceptions of the Netherlands as an ultra-liberal and progressive paragon of multiculturalism. This thesis therefore seeks to rework this image of the Netherlands by observing possible shifts in public attitudes towards immigrants and immigration in the context of considerably less favourable material circumstances, occasioned by the current global financial crisis. Attitudes towards Muslims in Dutch society are of particular interest to this research given the particular cultural and symbolic threat that Islam is considered to pose to liberal values. Realistic Group Conflict Theory provides a useful framework for analysing inter-group competition and conflict stemming from both material and non-material perceptions of threat. Whilst particular focus is accorded to the specific macro-economic conditions of the ongoing financial crisis for observing potentially shifting sentiments, this discussion is situated within a larger national debate about immigration and integration spanning two decades. Linking public perception data to analyses of Dutch integration and immigration policy, patterns of voting behaviour and the real effects of the financial crisis on the Dutch economy, the ultimate intention of this research, then, is to assess the prospects and overall “health” of liberal democracy in the Netherlands. The country‟s experiences in attempting to deal with cultural pluralism reveal that liberal democratic norms have not simply been entrenched as “givens” and they are subject to contestation and ambiguity. It is in attempts to address difference and “otherness” in society that the shortfalls of Dutch liberal democracy have been laid bare.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die val van die Berlynse Muur in 1989 het „n nuwe tydperk van globalisasie aangebreek en daarmee saam, verskerpte vlakke van globale migrasie. Die beweging van mense oor meer toegangklike grense het die demografiese profiel van Europese state verander. Hierdie kulturele diversiteit het huidige Westerse liberale demokrasieë met „n unieke stel uitdagings gekonfronteer, aangaande die integrasie van diverse groepe in die samelewing met die doel om saamhorigheid te bevorder. Die effek van kulturele diversiteit is egter nie beperk tot demografie nie en hierdie tesis fokus hoofsaaklik op die politieke en openbare reaksies wat die verskynsel uitgelok het. Die Nederlandse konteks verskaf „n besondere insiggewende voorbeeld van die manier waarop pogings om kulturele diversiteit te hanteer, intensiewe debat oor immigrasie- en integrasie-onderwerpe gestimuleer het, wat sedertdien stewig in die openbare en politieke diskoers verskans is. Die voortdurende debat in die Nederlandse verband het wyer vrae aangaande burgerskap, nasionale identiteit en kultuur laat ontstaan. Selfs van groter belang is die feit dat hierdie vraagstukke die perke van Nederlandse verdraagsaamheid ontbloot het: toenemende inperkings op immigrasie- en integrasie-beleid oor die afgelope twee dekades en veral in die laaste 10 jaar, het teenstrydig voorgekom met die stereotipiese indruk van Nederland as „n ultra-liberale en progressiewe toonbeeld van multi-kulturalisme. Hierdie tesis be-oog derhalwe om hierdie beeld van Nederland te ondersoek deur moontlike veranderings in openbare houdings teenoor immigrante en immigrasie waar te neem, teen die agtergrond van aansienlik minder gunstige materiële omstandighede, veroorsaak deur die huidige globale finansiële krisis. Houdings teenoor Moslems in die Nederlandse samelewing is van besondere belang in hierdie ondersoek teen die agtergrond van die beweerde kulturele en simboliese bedreiging wat Islam vir liberale waardes inhou. Realistiese Groep-Konflikteorie voorsien „n nuttige raamwerk om inter-groep wedywering en konflik, wat spruit uit beide materiële en nie-materiële perspesies van bedreiging, te analiseer. Alhoewel besondere aandag geskenk word aan die spesifieke makro-ekonomiese omstandighede van die huidige finansiële krisis om moontlike veranderings in houdings waar te neem, is hierdie bespreking deel van „n groter nasionale debat oor immigrasie en integrasie oor die afgelope twee dekades. Deur inligting oor openbare persepsie te verbind met die Nederlandse integrasie-en immigrasie-beleid, stempatrone en die ware uitwerkings van die finansiële krisis op die Nederlandse kultuur, is die uiteindelike doel van hierdie navorsing om die vooruitsigte en algehele “gesondheid” van liberale demokrasie in Nederland te evalueer. Die land se ervaring van kulturele pluralisme bewys dat liberale demokratiese norme nie verskans is nie en dat hulle onderhewig is aan omstredenheid en dubbelsinnigheid. Die pogings om verskille en “andersheid” in die samelewing aan te spreek, het die tekortkominge van die Nederlandse liberale demokrasie ontbloot.
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Baloch, Bilal Ali. "Crisis, credibility, and corruption : how ideas and institutions shape government behaviour in India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a017adea-7dc4-45a2-9246-4df6adcabb9b.

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Anti-corruption movements play a vital role in democratic development. From the American Gilded Age to global demonstrations in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, these movements seek to combat malfeasance in government and improve accountability. While this collective action remains a constant, how government elites perceive and respond to such agitation, varies. My dissertation tackles this puzzle head-on: Why do some democratic governments respond more tolerantly than others to anti-corruption movements? To answer this research question, I examine variation across time in two cases within the world’s largest democracy: India. I compare the Congress Party government's suppressive response to the Jayaprakash Narayan movement in 1975, and the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government’s tolerant response to the India Against Corruption movement in 2012. For developing democracies such as India, comparativist scholarship gives primacy to external, material interests – such as votes and rents – as proximately shaping government behavior. Although these logics explain elite decision-making around elections and the predictability of pork barrel politics, they fall short in explaining government conduct during credibility crises, such as when facing nationwide anti-corruption movements. In such instances of high political uncertainty, I argue, it is the absence or presence of an ideological checks and balance mechanism among decision-making elites in government that shapes suppression or tolerance respectively. This mechanism is produced from the interaction between structure (multi-party coalition) and agency (divergent cognitive frames in positions of authority). In this dissertation, elites analyze the anti-corruption movement and form policy prescriptions based on their frames around social and economic development as well as their concepts of the nation. My research consists of over 110 individual interviews with state elites, including the Prime Minister, cabinet ministers, party leaders, and senior bureaucrats among other officials for the contemporary case; and a broad compilation of private letters, diplomatic cables and reports, and speeches collected from three national archives for the historical study. To my knowledge this is the first data-driven study of Indian politics that precisely demonstrates how ideology acts as a constraint on government behavior in a credibility crisis. On a broader level, my findings contribute to the recently renewed debate in political science as to why democracies sometimes behave illiberally.
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Delacourt, Sandra. "L'artiste, l'universitaire et l'historien aux Etats-Unis (1938-1968) : l'exemple de Donald Judd." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H004.

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Ce doctorat se penche sur les conditions d’émergence d’une figure de « l’artiste universitaire » aux États-Unis au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il s’intéresse au contexte intellectuel et politique qui a accompagné ce changement radical de paradigme dans l’enseignement artistique américain et tente d’en observer les répercussions sur les modalités d’écriture d’une histoire de l’art dont les instances productrices sont elles-mêmes considérablement renouvelées. Accordant une place importante aux réformes de l’enseignement supérieur, cette thèse souligne le rôle instrumental de cette nouvelle figure dans la requalification de la recherche universitaire entre les années 1930 et 1960. Toutefois, loin d’être la simple conséquence d’aspirations politiques, l’artiste universitaire s’incarne dans des parcours hétérogènes ne partageant pas nécessairement les mêmes pratiques ou les mêmes objectifs. De manière convenue ou plus inattendue, nombre d’artistes dont le nom a été associé aux universités ont participé à une refonte des modalités de production des savoirs. Pourtant la reconnaissance de ces contributions individuelles s’est avérée beaucoup plus problématique que la célébration générique d’un nouvel art américain porté par des artistes « éduqués ». Aussi, cette thèse s’attache-t-elle à observer ces questions sous un angle épistémologique et à mettre ce déficit paradoxal de crédit académique en regard de pratiques contemporaines de l’histoire et de l’histoire de l’art. Ce dernier aspect est plus spécifiquement étudié à travers le parcours de Donald Judd et sa volonté d’opposer à l’idéalisme philosophique européen une pratique « réaliste » de l’histoire de l’art
This doctoral thesis explores the conditions in which the figure of the ‘academic artist’ emerged in the USA following World War II. The intellectual and political climate for radical change in the American visual arts educational paradigm is evidenced as are its repercussions on the profound renewal of agencies involved in art history production. Importance is given to reform in higher education and the instrumental role the academic artist played in redefining academic research between the 1930s and the 1960s. Such figures were far from being merely aspirational in political terms as is apparent in their range of trajectories, their practices and goals which did not necessarily coincide. Many artists, whose names were associated with academia, contributed – some conventionally, others less predictably – to new ways of producing knowledge. Yet recognizing such individual contributions posed many more problems than the more generic celebration of the new American art personified by “educated” artists. My dissertation therefore views these issues from an epistemological standpoint, weighing what paradoxically was an academic deficit against contemporary practices in history and art history. The latter is examined through the specific case of Donald Judd and his determined stance against European philosophical idealism via the “realistic” practice of art history
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Çankaya, Eksen Zubeyde Gaye. "L'articulation de l'éthique et de la politique chez Spinoza et Sartre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010567/document.

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Dans ce travail, à partir de la question d'Alexandre Matheron, qui nous invite, dans son ouvrage Intitulé Individu et communauté chez Spinoza, à interroger sur une analogie éventuelle entre la pensée politique de Sartre et la théorie classique contractualiste, nous tentons de soulever les lignes d'argumentation parallèles (ou parfois communes) chez Spinoza et Sartre concernant le processus de la constitution et du maintien de la société libre. Et, dans la théorisation de ce processus active et résistante à toute approche contractualiste, nous tentons de montrer qu'une sorte d'articulation de la politique et de l'éthique se pose d'une manière semblable chez Spinoza et Sartre. Dans une telle démarche de réflexion, qui se situe au-delà d'une simple confrontation des théories politiques et éthiques des deux philosophes et d'une constatation des différences assez connues entre celles-ci, nous précisons le domaine philosophique dans lequel il paraît bien légitime de lire la philosophie pratique de Spinoza en parallèle avec celle de Sartre. Dans notre recherche, ce domaine de réflexion se présente comme un domaine d'analyse de la libération commune qui est suivie par l'établissement de la stabilité de la liberté, de la paix interindividuelle et de la concorde dans la société humaine
In the origin of the present study lies a passage from Alexandre Matheron's book Individu et communauté chez Spinoza, where a highly interesting question incites the reader to reflect on the articulation of ethics and politics through a comparative study of Spinoza's and Jean-Paul Sartre's practical philosophies. In the present work, Matheron's question will constitute the point of departure of a reflection on the possibility of establishing a parallelism between the philosophies of Spinoza and Sartre. By proposing a negative answer to it, we will make a categorical distinction between Sartre's and Hobbes' political theories. To the existent that we will distinguish Sartre's political theory from classical contractualism, we will be able to emphasize the points of contact between the Sartrian and Spinozian standpoints, which, in our opinion, share a common anticontractualist basis. Throughout this comparative study, a detailed analysis of the moment of the organization of political society will be presented, with a view to disclose a particular way of articulating politics and ethics that is common to both of these philosophers who seems radically different at first glance
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Godefroit-Winckel, Delphine. "Acheteuse sans compétences ? La femme casablancaise face au supermarché." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20004/document.

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Le shopping est une activité quotidienne et routinière en apparence. Mais elle cache des mécanismes analytiquement complexes. Elle requiert donc de la part de l’acheteur un ensemble de compétences spécifiques. Comprendre comment les acheteurs qui ne disposent pas des compétences requises par l’environnement de consommation parviennent à faire leur shopping fut l’objectif de départ de cette thèse. La démarche ethnographique que nous avons ancrée dans le contexte marocain a dévoilé un certain nombre de méthodes que les consommatrices marocaines empruntent pour faire leur course dans les supermarchés. Au-delà de ces éléments descriptifs, notre recherche met en lumière une nouvelle perspective sur le shopping. Au Maroc, il existe une dichotomie rigide dans le rôle des genres. La configuration émergente du marché avec de nouvelles formes de distribution semble ouvrir des voies à la femme marocaine pour s’affranchir de certaines conventions sociales. Ainsi, le shopping utilitaire peut être une source de liberté
Shopping is an everyday, routine activity, or at least that is how it appears. Yet it does conceal complex analytical mechanisms and thus requires that the purchaser possesses a set of specific competences. The first objective of this thesis was to understand how shoppers who lack the necessary competences manage to complete shopping. We ran an ethnography in Casablanca, Morocco, and shed light a number of methods employed by female Moroccan shoppers. Aside from descriptive elements, our research presents a new perspective on shopping. The Moroccan context envelops a rigid dichotomy between gender roles. The emerging marketplace with new forms of retailing offers avenues for Moroccan women to challenge certain social conventions. In this sense, shopping thus creates a sense of freedom
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Grenon, Carole. "L'économie du principe féminin dans l'oeuvre d'Ernest J. Gaines." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030009.

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Ce travail propose une réflexion sur le principe féminin dans l’œuvre romanesque d’Ernest J. Gaines : Catherine Carmier, Of Love and Dust, A Gathering of Old Men, In My Father’s House, A Lesson Before Dying, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. Il tente de définir le sujet féminin et d’identifier ses principes moraux [par opposition aux principes masculins]. Il s’articule autour de trois parties et dévoile une évolution du principe féminin dans l’œuvre gainesienne. De Catherine Carmier à The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, le principe féminin se fortifie. Dans les premiers romans, le féminin agit conformément au devoir [et par devoir], il prône un idéal de vertu, une sagesse qui l’empêche de créer. Le féminin s’affirme alors progressivement par le biais du langage dans un face à face avec le masculin et déconstruit l’idéologie blanche. Ce travail explore la violence de la construction anormale du sujet noir et les stratégies de déconstruction du mythe de la suprématie blanche. L’analyse de la libération identitaire révèle une déstabilisation des frontières du genre. Face au masculin dévirilisé, le féminin se virilise et relève la féminité du masculin. Enfin, dans le roman The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, le féminin devient militantisme et activisme. La mère de la communauté noire, s’identifiant à la loi Divine de la famille, parvient à créer, à s’imposer, à transmettre des principes moraux à des hommes en devenir. Les destins du féminin et le masculin sont alors en miroir : ils travaillent pour obtenir la reconnaissance de l’homme blanc, se perfectionnent. Ce travail révèle l’idée de la mort digne, idée d’une liberté qui s’affirme dans la négativité
This thesis studies the principles of the feminine in Ernest J. Gaines’ six novels: Catherine Carmier, Of Love and Dust, A Gathering of Old Men, In My Father’s House, A Lesson Before Dying and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. It defines the feminine subject and identifies its moral principles. There is a gradual evolution of the feminine in the works of Ernest J. Gaines. From Catherine Carmier to The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine strengthens itself. In the first novels, the feminine acts out of duty, advocates wisdom, which prevents it from creating things. The feminine gradually reaffirms itself through language and faces the masculine. This work explores the violence of the abnormal construction of the Black self and the strategies of deconstruction of the myth of white supremacy. The analysis of the reconstruction of the self shows a redefinition of genres. The feminine is virilized and feminizes the masculine. Finally, in The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine becomes militant and activist. The mother of the black community, identifying herself with the female Divine Law of the family, embodies female agency; she raises her sons and teaches them moral principles. The feminine and the masculine function as mirror images of each other; they work to get the recognition of the White man, and they seek to improve themselves. This study highlights the idea of dignity in death, of freedom which asserts itself in negativity
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Roy, Claude-Émilie. "La liberté dans l'action humaine au sein de la pensée de Bergson : conditions de possibilité et limitations, ou, L'insoutenable liberté de l'être." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4042/1/M12018.pdf.

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Le présent mémoire traite du problème de l'action libre chez l'être humain au sein de la pensée de Bergson. Dans cette perspective, l'enjeu de ce mémoire a été tout au long de sa préparation de comprendre la position de Bergson quant à l'idée de liberté, et plus spécifiquement de la liberté humaine lorsqu'elle est considérée du point de vue de la dimension active de la vie individuelle. Cela nous a mené à identifier les difficultés que présentait l'appréhension de son effectivité au sein d'un monde matériel et social qui impose ses exigences pratiques pour l'adaptation de l'individu à son environnement physique et à la vie en société. Bien qu'il ait réfléchi à la question de l'évolution de la vie en général et à la question de la vie spirituelle partagée, de son origine et de son développement au sein des sociétés, considérations qui seront ici abordées chacune en son temps, Bergson a surtout concentré ses efforts de réflexion sur l'individu. Il a ainsi élaboré son œuvre avec le but avoué de décrire l'expérience vécue par ce dernier, notamment en décrivant son rapport au monde à travers l'élaboration d'une théorie originale de la durée qui fait de celle de l'individu une durée intérieurement vécue correspondant au déploiement de sa conscience, de sa mémoire, mais aussi finalement au développement de sa personnalité. Aussi a-t-il fini par accorder une grande importance à ces concepts au sein de sa pensée et de les mettre en lien direct avec celui de liberté en postulant très tôt leur adéquation. Cela l'a mené à aborder le sujet de l'action, car l'action de l'individu est ce qui le définit en grande partie au sein d'un monde matériel et symbolique communément partagé. L'objectif visé dans ce travail est donc de rendre compte de la manière dont Bergson aborde la question de l'expérience vécue de l'être humain par rapport à son environnement matériel et par rapport à son environnement social et symbolique et ce, afin de dégager le rôle de l'intelligence dans l'appréhension du réel, mais aussi de déterminer le cadre dans lequel est rendue possible une certaine forme de liberté chez l'individu. L'accomplissement d'une action libre étant conditionnel au degré d'éveil de la conscience de l'individu, mais le niveau d'éveil d'un être s'accompagnant toutefois du perfectionnement de certaines de ses facultés, et plus particulièrement de l'intelligence en ce qui concerne l'être humain, cette dernière doit être identifiée comme ce qui à la fois profite et nuit à l'épanouissement et à l'expression de la liberté de l'individu. C'est cette intelligence, en ce qu'elle sert l'individu à des fins pratiques, en tant qu'elle lui assure une emprise sur son monde, qui fait que la liberté lui est en quelque sorte rendue inaccessible. Il s'agit donc de montrer en quoi l'intelligence limite et détermine une expérience qui autrement pourrait être vécue sous le signe de la liberté, autrement dit en quoi le discours qui accompagne l'intelligence se superpose à la liberté dans l'action et en cache finalement l'effectivité au sein de cette action. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Liberté, intuition, nécessité, intelligence, action, être humain, société.
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Picotte, Marc-Antoine. "Adhérer ou adhérer : essai sur la notion de contrat (par adhésion)." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22841.

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22

Leduc, Geneviève. "Le statut d'artiste : objet de reconnaissance professionnelle ou objet de protection sociale?" Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2401/1/M11104.pdf.

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Il y a trente ans, la profession d'artiste était généralement ignorée des États tant au Canada qu'à l'international. C'est pourquoi, la Conférence générale de l'UNESCO a adopté, en 1980, la Recommandation relative à la condition de l'artiste (Recommandation de Belgrade). Les États membres de l'UNESCO ont été invités à prendre des mesures législatives ou réglementaires afin de reconnaître notamment le statut professionnel de l'artiste, la liberté et le droit d'association de même que le droit de l'artiste à être considéré s'il le désire, comme travailleur et à bénéficier des avantages de ce statut. Le présent mémoire vise donc à exposer la situation au Québec, au Canada et en France et à déterminer si la Loi sur le statut professionnel et les conditions d'engagement des artistes de la scène, du disque et du cinéma (Loi québécoise), la Loi concernant le statut de l'artiste et régissant les relations professionnelles entre artistes et producteurs au Canada (Loi canadienne) et le Code du travail (Loi française) bénéficient aux personnes qualifiées « d'artistes » au sens de la Recommandation de Belgrade. Plus précisément, nous avons tenté de déterminer si elles reconnaissent le statut professionnel de l'artiste et son droit à un régime de conditions de travail similaire à celui des autres travailleurs, dont l'accès de l'artiste à un régime collectif de relations de travail. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi la méthode comparative des modèles québécois, canadien et français à la lumière de la Recommandation de Belgrade. Cette méthode présuppose que les éléments à comparer soient exposés au préalable. Le chapitre préliminaire permet de déterminer au bénéfice de quel « artiste » les États membres se sont engagés à prendre des mesures, alors que le premier chapitre permet de présenter et d'analyser les lois québécoise, canadienne et française. Pour chacune d'elles, nous avons traité des sujets suivants: l'historique et les principes généraux, le statut juridique de l'artiste, incluant l'accès à un régime de relations de travail, les activités partagées par l'artiste, les domaines de productions artistiques et le caractère professionnel de ses activités. L'objectif poursuivi est de déterminer quelles personnes bénéficient de la protection de ces lois particulières. Au deuxième chapitre, nous avons tenté de déterminer si ces trois modèles ont atteint les objectifs visés par la Recommandation de Belgrade, soit la reconnaissance de l'artiste professionnel et son droit à des conditions similaire à celles de tout autre travailleur. Nous avons constaté que la Loi québécoise affirme le caractère professionnel du statut d'artiste contrairement aux lois canadienne et française. En outre, le Québec et le Canada reconnaissent le droit à la liberté d'association de l'artiste, alors que la question de la liberté d'association ne s'est pas posée de la même manière dans le cadre de la Loi française. De manière concomitante, il apparaît que le Québec et le Canada ont accordé aux artistes l'accès à un régime collectif de relations de travail tant à ceux qui sont salariés qu'aux travailleurs autonomes, soit par le régime général, soit par les lois québécoise ou canadienne. De son côté, la France a pris des mesures pour améliorer la situation de l'artiste du spectacle « travailleur occasionnel ou à temps partiel », mais l'artiste entrepreneur indépendant ne bénéficie d'aucun régime particulier de relations de travail. Ainsi, seul le modèle mis en place par la Loi québécoise a atteint les trois objectifs identifiés à la Recommandation de Belgrade. Or, en 2008, le gouvernement québécois proposait un projet de loi qui modifie ce modèle et dénature la notion d'artiste par l'introduction d'une couverture pour les « travailleurs pigistes » sans nécessité de se qualifier comme « artiste ». Le prix de l'accès au même régime collectif de travail pour des personnes n'ayant pas le statut d'artiste est celui de la négation ou à tout le moins du recul de la reconnaissance du statut professionnel de l'artiste.
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Chenette, Mathieu. "La constitutionnalité du par. 515(6) du Code criminel et d’autres sujets touchant la libération provisoire au Canada." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22848.

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Zhang, Ping. "État-parti, conflits de travail et autonomie collective : pourquoi le droit du travail chinois est-il ineffectif ?" Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22565.

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Saulnier, Anne-Marie. "Les codes de conduite sont-ils effectifs ? le cas de la maquiladora du Guatemala." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1535.

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