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1
Aslanova, Fidan, Samuel Yarkpawolo Jr, Francis S. Dioh, and Larry T. Woyea. "THE CURRENT CHALLENGES FACE BY THE LIBERIA WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE: A CASE STUDY ON THE WHITE PLAINS WATER TREATMENT PLANT IN MONROVIA, LIBERIA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 9 (January 1, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i09.007.
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Water is an essential component in the existence of man and his environments. Despite the tremendous effort made by the Liberia Government through the Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation in providing efficient, safe and affordable water supply to the inhabitants of Monrovia and its environs, water supply coverage is still low to meet the demand of the growing population of its inhabitants most especially during the dry season every year. Before the Liberian Civil War in 1990, the Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation supplied sufficient water for the inhabitants of Monrovia and its environs at that time the treatment Plant was in full operation and supplied 16 million gallons per day on the total population of 500, 000 people. After the 14-year Civil War the population of Monrovia and its surroundings has increased to 1,500,000 people thereby tripling the total population before the war and leading to water shortage in the city. There is no constant supply of water, operation and maintenance of the system as well as revenue generation from bills distributed to customers however, leakages within the networks are alarming because the pipes have over-lived its life span. This research scrutinizes reports, literature, studies and other important details regarding the Liberia’s Water Sector ensuring to outlines the primary causes of the challenges and constraints the management faces in delivering water to the people of Monrovia and its surroundings and also discusses the way forward ranges from technical, economic and social issues. The management has an opportunity of improving the current situation through adequate strategies for monitoring water services and water resources, making use of sustainable technologies and linking with target beneficiaries in the development of water supply systems within Monrovia and its environs and it can only be archived through proper planning and management system.
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Sprochi, Amanda K. "Book Review: The World of Ancient Rome: A Daily Life Encyclopedia." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 3 (March 25, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n3.255a.
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Greenwood’s latest entry in their Daily Life Encyclopedia series is James Ermatinger’s The World of Ancient Rome. Ermatinger, a late Roman specialist and Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois Springfield, is the sole author of this two-volume resource, which covers ten main areas of daily life, including art, fashion, family and gender, recreation and social customs, and food and drink, as well as the usual politics and warfare. Sections are divided into alphabetical entries, and there are cross-references and an index to help locate topics. Entries have individual bibliographies and there is a comprehensive list of resources at the end of volume 2. A nice addition are translations into English of primary sources giving a contemporary view of Roman life. There are occasional black and white illustrations to enliven the text.
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Pavicevic, Aleksandra. "Heralds and witnesses poets of Serbian romanticism - between religion of the nation and loss of faith." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 164 (2017): 635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1764635p.
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Ideas of Enlightement, national romanticism and transformation of geopolitical situation on the Balkans, were cultural and historical context in which bases of modern Serbian state was established. That was the time of intensive social change directed towards building institutional infrastructure as well as towards transforming traditional, ?obsolete? folk customs and habits. Poor condition of Serbian Orthodox Church and domination of religious world views among people were considered to be the most serious obstacles in creating modern state. Thus, great number of intelectuals were anticlerical and promoted liberal and secularized social organization. On the other hand, the whole epoch was characterized by strong antiscientistic orientation which was expresed through developing of different mistical, alternative, neopagan cults. Specific for our region was so called ?religion of the nation? which appeared as substitution for loss of eshatological perspective in life of Christian civilization. Poets of Serbian romanticism were heralds and witnesses of this civilization ?turn?. Their poetry can be observed as reflex and announcement of secularization in Serbian society. In this paper, we analyzed their writings about death, love, hope, nature and nation.
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Chassen-López, Francie R. "A Patron of Progress: Juana Catarina Romero, the Nineteenth-Century Cacica of Tehuantepec." Hispanic American Historical Review 88, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 393–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-330.
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Abstract Despite the fact that women were barred from voting and holding public office, by 1895 Juana Catarina Romero (1837–1915) had emerged as the major textile importer, sugar refiner, and “modernizing” political boss (cacica) of the city of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico. This article traces Romero’s breathtaking transformation from humble cigarette vendor to culturally assimilated entrepreneur and behind-the-scenes politician, which paralleled and intertwined with three crucial periods of Mexican history: the Liberal Reform, the Porfiriato, and the Revolution. Her life illuminates the many ways in which women participated directly and indirectly in the construction of the nation-state and a capitalist economy, revealing how they negotiated elite efforts at gender, ethnic, and class containment in a provincial setting. The article attributes Romero’s success to her political acumen and tenacious accumulation of economic and social influence and not to a supposed early love affair with Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz, as previous historians have suggested. Once in power and aligned with Díaz’s goals of “order and progress” and the ideals of social Catholicism, Romero sought to regulate and discipline Tehuantepec, hoping to create a more orderly, productive, and beautiful urban space. Through her influence on Tehuano dress and local fiestas, she attempted to bring local customs into line with the ideals of Porfirian modernization and mestizo identity. Her attention to education, hygiene, health, and urban reforms evidenced her role in the diffusion of national culture and the ideological reproduction of the authoritarian brand of liberalism that dominated Mexico during the Porfiriato.
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Bhattacharya, Sandhya, and Jonathan E. Brockopp. "Islam and Bioethics." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i3.1615.
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On 27-28 March 2006, Pennsylvania State University hosted an internationalconference on “Islam and Bioethics: Concerns, Challenges, and Responses.”Cosponsored by several academic units in the College of Liberal Arts, theconference brought in historians, health care professionals, theologians, and social scientists from ten different countries. Twenty-four papers were presented,along with Maren Grainger-Monsen’s documentary about an Afghaniimmigrant seeking cancer treatment in California.After opening remarks by Susan Welch (dean, College of Liberal Arts)and Nancy Tuana (director, Rock Ethics Institute), panelists analyzed“Critical Perspectives on Islamic Medical Ethics.” Hamada Hamid’s (NewYork University Medical School) “Negotiating Autonomy and Religion inthe Clinical Setting: Case Studies of American Muslim Doctors andPatients,” showed that few doctors explore the role of religion in a patient’sdecision-making process. She suggested that they rethink this practice.Hassan Bella (College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam)spoke on “Islamic Medical Ethics: What and How to Teach.” His survey, conductedin Saudi Arabia among medical practitioners, revealed that most practitionersapproved of courses on Islamic ethics but did not know if suchcourses would improve the doctor-patient relationship. Sherine Hamdy’s(Brown University) “Bodies That Belong to God: Organ Transplants andMuslim Ethics in Egypt” maintained that one cannot easily classify transplantpatients’ arguments as “religious” or “secular,” for religious values are fusedtogether with a patient’s social, political, and/or economic concerns.The second panel, “Ethical Decision-Making in Local and InternationalContexts,” provoked a great deal of discussion. Susi Krehbiel (Brown University)led off with “‘Women Do What They Want’: Islam and FamilyPlanning in Tanzania.” This ethnographic study was followed by Abul FadlMohsin Ebrahim’s (KwaZulu University, Durban) “Human Rights andRights of the Unborn.” Although Islamic law is commonly perceived asantagonistic to the UN’s charter on human rights, Ebrahim argues that bothmay be used to protect those who can and cannot fight for their right to dignity,including the foetus. Thomas Eich (Bochum University) asserted in“The Process of Decision Making among Contemporary Muslim ReligiousScholars in the Case of ‘Surplus’ Embryos” that decisions reached by internationalMuslim councils were heavily influenced by local politics and contentiousdecisions in such countries as Germany and Australia.The afternoon panel, “The Fetus and the Value of Fetal Life,” focusedon specific issues raised by artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs).Vardit Rispler-Chaim (Haifa University) presented “Contemporary Muftisbetween Bioethics and Social Reality: Pre-Selection of the Sex of a Fetus asParadigm.” After summarizing social customs and religious literature fromaround the world, she claimed that muftis generally favor pre-selection techniquesand suggested that their reasoning is guided by a general social ...
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Stepanov, Valerii L. "The Issues of Alcohol Production and Abuse in Russia in Mikhail Katkov's Publications." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 4 (2022): 1101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.405.
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The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of views on the issues of alcohol production and abuse by the largest ideologue of Russian conservatism M. N. Katkov – editor-publisher of the newspaper “Moskovskie Vedomosti” and the magazine “Russkii Vestnik”. It analyses the speeches of the famous publicist and his associates on the pages of these publications aimed at alterations in the excise system, in force since 1863, in order to limit the excessive consumption of strong alcoholic beverages and overcome its severe social consequences. The reasons that prompted the famous publicist in the early 1880s to launch a campaign for the introduction of a wine monopoly are explained: the decline of the popularity of the liberal economic doctrine in the West as a result of the world economic crisis of 1873–1878; the rise of the movement in European countries for the transfer of the drinking trade to the treasury under the influence of stagnation in agriculture; the expansion of state intervention in economic life in Russia. The article points out the arguments given by Katkov in favor of a monopoly, which, in his opinion, had to allow regulating the distillery industry, ending rampant drunkenness, eradicating drunkenness and corruption in the beverage business. It is particularly noted that Katkov considered this reform one of the main points of his program for creating a “national” economy in Russia, protected from the West by high customs barriers and assuming multilateral participation of the state in the development of the national economy, and these attitudes largely corresponded to the protectionist course of the government in the reign of the penultimate Russian tsar, Alexander III.
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Kaufmann, Andrea. "Crafting a Better Future in Liberia." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 22 (May 1, 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2017.22.7345.
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Despite post-war reconstruction, Monrovia is an insecure, uncertain city. Many people are «hustling», an emic term for insecure income-generating activities. «Hustlers» are often part of associations. Associations strengthen identities, and form social relationships and solidarities. They fi ll the gap of war-aff ected social relationships, and contribute to social security, solidarity and integrate the marginalized. This article shows how social imaginaries serve as motor of change, and how associational life shapes social spaces as islands of certainty amidst uncertainty.
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Gianfortoni, Emily Wells. "Marriage Customs in Lar: The Role of Women's Networks in Tradition and Change." Iran and the Caucasus 13, no. 2 (2009): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12625876281181.
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AbstractOne reason many traditional Lari customs celebrating life cycle events, such as births, marriages, and pilgrimages were preserved well into the 1970s is that women, particularly the older women, have been the keepers of this knowledge. They maintained the practice of these customs and passed on the knowledge to their daughters and younger members of their social networks. This paper examines Lari marriage practices in the 1970s and contrasts them with earlier customs as reported by older women. It discusses also the role of social networks in maintaining, changing, and passing on marriage customs.
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Maliuha, L. Yu. "PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT AREAS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES EMPLOYEES’ SOCIAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 4, no. 4 (June 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392178.
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The article focuses on identifying the needs and opportunities for improving the legal regulation of social protection of customs authorities employees in Ukraine. The paper highlights that today the legal regulation of social protection of customs employees is characterized by a number of problems, including the lack of appropriate inclusive approaches to personnel policy in the customs authorities, which causes risks for employees with disabilities, pregnant employees, etc.; formal and fragmentary delineation of certain measures of customs employees’ social protection in the Customs Code of Ukraine. Unresolved issues of the legal regulation of customs employees’ social protection create additional socio-legal risks for the level of social security of customs personnel, and demotivate the employees, which is an additional factor for the personnel crisis in the public service system. To solve these problems, the author proposes to create and approve the Conception of ensuring the standards for decent work and social security of customs officials for the period up to 2030, which will help to implement an inclusive approach to personnel policy in this government agency by means of ensuring gender equality among employees; creating a healthy psychological climate in the customs authorities; creating conditions for the integration of persons with disabilities and young able-bodied citizens without work experience into the working life by giving them the opportunity to work in the customs authorities. It is also proposed to make a number of amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine, in particular, to improve the legal regulation of housing for customs officials, medical care and health care of customs officials and their families, including the regulation of funeral assistance for customs officials. The conclusions summarize the results of the research and emphasize the need for further analysis of the legal regulation of customs employees’ social protection in Ukraine.
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Gray, Ronald H., Robert T. Kambic, Claude A. Lanctot, Mary C. Martin, Roselind Wesley, and Richard Cremins. "Evaluation of natural family planning programmes in Liberia and Zambia." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 2 (April 1993): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020538.
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SummaryStudies to evaluate use-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of natural family planning (NFP) were conducted in Liberia and Zambia. The Liberian programme provided uni-purpose NFP services to 1055 clients mainly in rural areas; the Zambian programme provided NFP services integrated with MCH to 2709 clients predominantly in urban areas. The one-year life table continuation and unplanned pregnancy rates were 78·9 and 4·3 per 100 women-years in Liberia, compared to 71·2 and 8·9 in Zambia. However, high rates of loss to follow-up mandate caution in interpretation of these results, especially in Zambia. More women progressed to autonomous NFP use in Liberia (58%) than in Zambia (35·3%). However, programme costs per couple-year protection were lower in Zambia (US$25·7) than in Liberia (US$47·1). Costs per couple-year protection were higher during learning than autonomy, and declined over time. These studies suggest that NFP programmes can achieve acceptable use-and cost-effectiveness in Africa.
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Grekov, Ivan, Petr Afonin, and Valentina Dianova. "Digital transformation of customs services and customs control for goods ordered by individuals through global trading platforms and sent in international mail." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-1-101-105.
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The article focuses on the process of introducing new-generation digital technologies in the field of economy and social life.
On the basis of new digital technologies already used in the world, the author created a model for improving customs services and customs control.
Using this model in practice will have an impact on preventing cases of violation of customs legislation, as well as increasing the revenue of customs payments to the state budget.
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MOHAN, DIPANKAR. "A Study On The Social Life Of The Ahom Priestly Class." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 25, 2019): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9575.
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The Ahoms were originally a group of Tai Shans. They brought a distinct culture to Assam peculiar to the Tai culture. Although the Ahoms had their own religious customs and rituals but they did not impose their religion to other tribes and distinctly amalgamated with the culture of the local people. In the time being the Ahoms accepted Hinduism and with the advent of the neo-vaisnavism they almost lost their culture. However the Mohan Deodhai and the Bailungs, the three priestly clans of the Ahoms did not accept Hinduism and maintained their own culture and habits to a great extent. The Ahoms possesses a distinct character regarding the social life. The Ahom priestly classes who were neglected for their denial of acceptance of Hinduism in later part of the Ahom rule, became secluded from the other part of the society. The Mohan, Deodhais and the Bailungs maintained their traditional beliefs and customs in the long period of the Ahom rule and they are still preserving their tradition. So, it is necessary to look at the condition of the Ahom priestly class that how and what extent they could maintain their own culture.
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R, Singaraja. "Social Vision in Tamil Folklore." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s237.
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Folklore reflects biological facts and social customs. Lullabies reveal that childbearing is essential for a husband and wife. If it rains when the rainy sprouting festival and the horse-drawing ceremony are held, not only the plowman of God's grace will be happy that the world has got a pleasant life. It can be seen that the folk cults which were humble originated with causal things. Folk literature refers to the civilization, culture, customs, beliefs and cults of a tribe. Folk songs, stories and proverbs cannot be considered to have originated to please others. It can be seen as an expression of people's feelings of happiness and suffering. Folk literary research has grown into a major field today. In lullabies, the mother's consciousness is abundant. Childbirth is very important in domestic life in society. The man who worshipped nature later created an appearance and worshipped the deity in the mountains, trees and water bodies. The people of the country can see that they worship the gods and their ancestors who protect the town. Folklore can see that birth, marriage and death have rituals and beliefs.
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Resani, Shahjahan. "براہوئی خلقی شاعری ٹی روایت آتاراجی درشانی." Al-Burz 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v11i1.45.
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This research paper argued, that the four fathers spared the fundamental knowledge according to their wisdom. The experiences of their daily routine became customs. Those customs made traditions and the tradition leaded the civilization. Objectives of this paper is to disclose the social and psychological characteristics in folklore. This custom originated from the different traditions like, seasonal traveling especially nomadic life opens the customs in shape of folklore, secondly this paper shows the hidden life history and nomadism story of our ancient. Moreover, the saying and proverbs dispenses the wisdom and exercise of daily life. A quantitative approach of research conducted this study. the descriptive methods or research has been adopted to final this study
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Bag, Sanjaya Kumar. "Folktales of West Odisha: A Study." Indian Journal of Multilingual Research and Development 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijmrd2013.
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Folktales are a powerful source of oral tradition. Regional culture, environment, folk customs, customs and traditions, social customs, manners, beliefs, religious sentiments, and supernatural fantasies shape the content. The story also tells the story of the various cunning, conflicting concepts, life and physical creation, and birth mysteries of the groups involved. The article seeks to discuss the traditional and scholarly classification, the performers, and performance of folktales in West Odisha, also concerned with its socio-cultural implications.
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Klym, Andrii-Vitalii. "Customs Policy of Ukraine in the Context of Modern Social Challenges." Democratic governance 29, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/dg2022.01.128.
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Formulation of the problem. At the present stage of development of the Ukrainian state there is a difficult economic situation caused by the pandemic and Russia’s military invasion into Ukraine. Undoubtedly, this affects all spheres of life of Ukrainian society, including the implementation of the customs policy. This provides grounds for the discussion about the objective need to pay more attention to the development and improvement of customs policy, implemented in Ukraine. The key role is given to the state, called to regulate these processes. An effective customs policy must respond flexibly to external threats and counteract quickly all the possible negative consequences of such threats towards strengthening economic interests of the state and maximizing compliance with international rules and requirements in the national customs system. The customs policy is designed to regulate foreign trade and protect of domestic producers, ensure realization of national interests in the field of stimulating the development and restructuring of the national economy. Analysis of recent research and publications. A significant number of scholars study the peculiarities of customs policy implementation and consider this multifaceted phenomenon from different points of view. In particular, it is worth mentioning such scientists as M. Bilukha, O. Hodovanets, T.Yefymenko, I. Kveliashvili, O. Kolomoiets, Martyniuk, O. Mosiakina, V. Pashko, V.Khomutynnik, and others. Their works are devo- ted to the general issues of implementation of the customs policy in Ukraine, the role of cus- toms in the system of state bodies, management of customs activities and customs control. Distinguishing previously unsolved parts of the overall problem. Dynamic changes taking place in Ukrainian society today, in particular, hostilities in Ukraine, determine the need for a deep and unified understanding of the implementation of customs policy in the context of modern challenges, which necessitates further research in this field. Presentation of the main material of the study. The system of customs authorities is designed to implement customs policy in the country on the basis of the principles of territorial organization, foreign economic activity and international cooperation defined in the Constitution. The main legislative act regulating legal relations in the country and, in particular, in the field of customs policy, is the Constitution of Ukraine. A brief overview of the peculiarities of functioning of the customs authorities of developed countries shows their universality and management of tasks far beyond the scope of powers that is inherent in the Ukrainian customs authorities. In other words, customs authorities of Ukraine are characterized by narrow specialization and fulfillment of only those responsibilities that directly belong to the field of customs policy of the state. Foreign experience makes it possible to understand, which direction the Ukrainian state is moving in view of the unification of domestic customs policy. Thus, having chosen the European integration course, Ukraine has embarked on the path of expanding foreign economic ties and deepening cooperation with European countries. Accordingly, the customs policy of Ukraine, based on the legislative and regulatory framework built on European standards and which is designed to regulate legal relations arising between entities when crossing the customs border, gains particular importance. Customs legislation is very dynamic and constantly unified, as the state needs constant integration with the countries of the European Union and deepening relations with them within free economic zones. In particular, emphasis should be placed on Ukraine’s accession to the World Trade Organization. This fact, as well as the European integration aspirations of Ukraine, limit the sovereignty of Ukrainian legislation in the field of customs policy. After all, the World Trade Organization proclaims a course to reducing barriers in trade and exchange of goods and services between the member states, as well as to elimination of non– tariff methods of regulating international economic relations, and the constant reduction of import tariffs. Thus, Ukraine must adjust its legislative and regulatory framework in the field of customs policy to the standards and requirements of the World Trade Organization and the European Union. The following main areas of improvement of customs policy were identified: implementation of international standards and requirements for increasing the level of protection of national interests of the state; simplification of customs procedures to reduce the number of abuse in this area; increasing the efficiency of detection and counteraction to negative phenomena in the field of foreign trade; improving the implementation of foreign economic activities and creating optimal conditions for the participants. Conclusions. Thus, the customs policy in Ukraine has had sufficient regulatory and legislative support in recent decades. At the same time, given Ukraine’s desire to integrate into the European environment, cooperation with the World Trade Organization and other international organizations, it is necessary to increase attention to the regulatory framework of customs relations. Priority of international treaties over domestic Ukrainian legislation indicates the need to unify the legislation of Ukraine and bring it in line with international norms and standards.
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Paz, Carmen Laura. "Cambios y permanencias en la identidad de los Wayuu (Venezuela 1830-1850)." Estudios Latinoamericanos 22 (December 31, 2002): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios2002.v22.art11.
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Short fragment (description):
Since the early times Wayuu Indians incorporated into their way of life new cultural elements that allowed them to recreate the influences of other social groups. Meanwhile they preserved values and customs that reinforced their identity such as language, laws, Cosmo vision, customs, and territory.This study allows us to identify various factors that contributed to the survival and vitality of this social group such as social organization, economic diversity, legal legitimization and connection to land.
Short fragment adapted and translated by Michal Gilewski
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Linke, Uli. "Folklore, Anthropology, and the Government of Social Life." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016352.
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Despite the enormous diversity of research within the anthropological tradition, a common unifying theme has been the “reach into otherness” (Burridge 1973:6), the venture of discovering humanity through the exploration of other cultures. From the inception of anthropology as a distinct domain of knowledge, this ethnographic curiosity has been staged within a comparative frame of reference (Hymes 1974). Early inquiries into different customs and social forms were based on the writings of European travelers, whose observations about people in distant lands provided the narrative material for constructing a plausible vision of their own world. Initially, insights into the workings of society remained implicit, hidden beneath the projected images of “otherness.” By the second half of the eighteenth century, these encounters with the unfamiliar through travel and commerce had begun to generate a conscious desire for societal self-knowledge among Europeans. The haphazard collection of ethnographic information was gradually transformed into a reflective methodology.
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Siregar, Dapot, and Yurulina Gulo. "Eksistensi Parmalim Mempertahankan Adat dan Budaya Batak Toba di Era Modern." Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology) 6, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/antro.v6i1.16632.
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This paper aims to describe and critically analyze the existence of Parmalim in an effort to maintain Toba Batak customs and culture in the modern era. The problem is focused on the rites of worship and social life of Parmalim in Laguboti and Hutatinggi. The extent to which the Malim religion uses the customs and culture of the Toba Batak in every rite and social life every day as an effort to maintain the customs and culture of the Toba Batak in the modern era. To approach this problem, researchers depart from the reference to the theory of modernity, where in modernity emphasizes rational, which is irrational will be abandoned. In addition, researchers will also approach through the theory of the function of religion, in which in the theory of the function of religion that religion still functions if it is able to provide explanation, spiritual comfort and to bind existing social cohesion. The research method was conducted by the writer through in-depth interviews with several community leaders covering the regions of Laguboti and Hutatinggi and also literature studies.
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Lomako, O. М. "Genealogy and Social Memory: a Methodological Analysis." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 12, no. 3 (2012): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2012-12-3-24-27.
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The article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of the social memory with the comparative historical method of genealogy, which allows to consider a person in its entirety with the world, that means in the unity of the cultural and social links between generations. The possibility of using a philosophical genealogy method to the phenomenon of the social memory is revealed through the categorical comparison of the source of social life and customs.
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Abramowitz, Sharon, and Mary H. Moran. "International Human Rights, Gender-Based Violence, and Local Discourses of Abuse in Postconflict Liberia: A Problem of “Culture”?" African Studies Review 55, no. 2 (September 2012): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2012.0037.
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Abstract:In this article we draw on three years of ethnographic observation of postconflict humanitarian intervention in Liberia to consider the process whereby global efforts in the areas of gender-based violence (GBV) and human rights are interacting with local debates over kinship, entitlement, personal rights, and social responsibility. This article draws upon Liberian narratives, complaints, and efforts to regulate, in a national context, social norms and behavior in regard to gender-based violence issues in postconflict life while also engaging with an ongoing international human rights discourse on the subject of GBV. Our ethnography takes a multiscalar approach to give a sense of the process, multiple discourses, and dialectics of power involved in this issue, and to demonstrate how the definition of “the GBV problem” in Liberia, the target of complex GBV interventions, is different from the conception held by agencies, governmental ministries, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that are responsible for implementing global mandates.
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Iskandarova, Sh M., and G. A. Isomova. "COLORFUL NATIONAL AND CULTURAL UNITS IN POETRY TEXTS." Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-02-04-05.
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Amirkhanova, Aida K., and Aminat A. Bayramkulova. "WEDDING GIFT EXCHANGE AMONG THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 15, no. 4 (January 6, 2020): 783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch154783-799.
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The purpose of this article is to show the state of modern exchange relations in the wedding ceremonies of the peoples of Dagestan and to trace the variants of their transformation at different stages of the wedding. Ceremonies of wedding gift exchange of Dagestanis today have similar features with traditional customs and ceremonies. However, over time, under the influence of ethno-cultural and other processes, modern exchange relations within wedding customs have undergone certain transformations, adapting to the modern way of life of the people. It is known that exchange relations are the most archaic tradition of social life of any nation, originating in ancient times. It is believed that the traditions of gift exchange were created to preserve existing or create new kinship and social relations within or between communities. However, in recent years, its main functions are increasingly becoming a thirst for profit, i.e., gift exchange acquires utilitarian functions. Many of the symbolic wedding gifts of the past have now been replaced by money, and their value is increasing every year. Since the post-Soviet period, the expressed interest and return of the peoples of Dagestan to their traditional customs and rituals (including wedding) can be traced. However, the moral and ethical side of these customs remained in the past. To solve these problems and facilitate the wedding (reduce costs) and all its stages, it is necessary to introduce into modern rites of wedding gift exchange reasonable ethical standards to regulate these rituals. It is necessary to rethink the current traditional customs of gift exchange, bringing material and moral damage to the family, to choose and preserve the most important of them, corresponding to the modern way of life of Dagestanis, discarding unnecessary and irrelevant rituals.
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V, Chitra. "Folk Medicine and Practical Life." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-12 (September 20, 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s127.
Full textAbstract:
Every human society has its own medical system. It can be called a social institution. Disease and medicine are inseparable in the history of human culture. Folk medicine is the medical method practiced by the local people. These are called "hand remedies," "folk remedies," "grandmother's remedies," "herbal medicine," "home remedies," hereditary remedies, pachilai remedies (Medicament with leaves), naturopathy, etc., The Ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the oldest systems of medicine. Folk medicine was practiced in the Vedic period itself. There has been no extensive study of folk medicine in India. Western anthropologists have written some notes on folk medicine by studying the tribes. This system of medicine is intertwined with the culture, customs, and social structure of the rural population. They also adopt modern systems of medicine according to their beliefs. Folk medicine is widely used by the tribal people.
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Schorer, C. E. "Two Centuries of Miami Indian Death Customs." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 20, no. 1 (February 1990): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5f74-0tf1-fabx-rv2n.
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A comparison is made of Miami Indian death customs of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as described by French explorers ca. 1702 and by C. C. Trowbridge to Michigan Territorial Governer Lewis Cass in 1825. Changes in customs reflect the influence of time, invasion, and tribal identity on a universal observance. Distinguishing features of nineteenth century customs are the ceremonial provision of a surrogate to replace the deceased and protection of the corpse from an inimical medicine man. Similarities and differences between the death customs of the Miamis and other Great Lakes tribes are also noted.
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Brownell, Gracie, and Regina T. Praetorius. "Experiences of former child soldiers in Africa: A qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815617994.
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Child soldiering affects approximately 300,000 children worldwide. Abducted and forced into combat, victims experience trauma that may have life-long effects. Thus, it is important to understand child soldiers’ experiences and develop culturally appropriate interventions. Using Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis (QIMS), the authors sought to understand the lived experiences of ex-child soldiers in Sierra Leone, Northern Uganda, and Liberia. Findings revealed the experiential nuances of four phases ex-child soldiers experience: abduction; militarization; demilitarization and reintegration; and civilian life. Findings enhance current knowledge about ex-child soldiers’experiences and inform policy and program design to help ex-child soldiers cope with the aftermath of the war and civilian life.
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Arif, Muhammad Khairan. "ISLAM RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN FROM SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE." Al-Risalah 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/alrisalah.v12i2.1376.
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Rahmatan Lil Alamin's Islamic is a general purpose of Islam (Maqashid Am Li Syariah). All the teachings of Islam boil down to Maslahat, compassion and peace of the world, beings and all human beings. The purpose of this study is to uncover the characteristics and main objectives of Islamic teachings that rahmatan lil alamin in the social and cultural life of modern humans. The method used in this study is the Method of Literature Study and analysis of scientific references related to Islam rahmatan lil alamin in social and cultural perspectives. the result of this kajia is that the implementation of Rahmatan Lil alamin values in social life can be seen in the educational life of schools, communities, places of worship and workplaces and mass media. The implementation of Rahmatan Lilalamin values in budya life, can be seen from the Development of Science, Language, Ideology and Customs.
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Grinko, S. D. "Implementing of customs for regulation of family and legal relations." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 65 (October 25, 2021): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.65.18.
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The paper is dedicated to issues on influence of legal customs on the regulation of family law relations. There is stressed, that the customs are one of the significant tools of Family Law. Actually, a custom as a source of Family Law plays a subsidiary role in relation to Family Legislation. In Ukraine, significance of a legal custom as a source of law is due to the peculiarities of legal life and legal awareness of Ukrainian society that are determined by combination of some sides of spiritual culture. Historical essay on customs regulation of engagement demonstrates expanded implementing of customs and its potential impact on social relations. However, implementing of customs for regulation of family and legal relations is a natural attribute of national legal awareness, basis of forming of which is hidden in historical layers of culture and memory of the people. There is suggested to supplement the provisions of Art. 11 of Family Code of Ukraine with the link to the ability to use not only “local custom, and custom of national minority, members of which one of the sides or both sides are”, but “national (folk) customs”. Particular perspective orders for future research of implementing of customs as a source of family Law of Ukraine are indicated. Particularly, the issues of forming of current customs as regulators of family and legal relations, the ratio of legal customs as manifestations of “official” law and customs as “non-normative rules” (national customs, customs of national minorities, local customs) and the prevalence in court practice of customs or the use of references to their content to assess various circumstances of the case (for example, the use of customs and their observance in the context of assessing proper upbringing or misconduct in marriage) are indicated.
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Gorova, Vitalina. "Social Traditions of Entertainment and Communication of Ukrainian Peasants in the SECOND HALF OF THE 20th – early 21th centuries (ON EXPEDITIONARY MATERIALS)." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 61 (2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.61.01.
Full textAbstract:
Socio-normative life of Ukrainians of the 20th – the beginning of the 21th centuries, that covers aspects of management, self-organization and formation of public institutions, mutual assistance and leisure, regulation of behavior, is a poorly studied topic in ethnological science. During the establishment of the Soviet system, which completely changed the traditional way of life of Ukrainian peasants, a major transformation of the customs of public life took place. Following Ukraine’s independence, modern social normative practices were developing according to the requirements of the new legislation. As the result, nowadays there is a considerable urgency to investigate the specifics and changes that have taken place in public life in the Ukrainian villages in the second half of the 20th – early 21th centuries. In the new socio-economic and national-religious contexts, despite the changes in industrial relations and socio-professional composition of the rural population, the system of traditional social life in Ukraine was able to maintain positive and well-considered skills of social coexistence, forms of daily and festive leisure, as well as the moral and ethical standards of people’s coexistence. The article on the materials of expeditions to Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Zakarpattya, Odessa, Kharkiv regions analyzes the preservation and peculiarities of transformation of traditional social forms of leisure and communication of peasants during the second half of the 20th – early 21th centuries. The types and places of daily (customs of «calling for freshness», «going for liver», mutual assistance, evening meetings) and festive (during the temple holiday, mutual guests, youth entertainment, celebration of the village holiday) leisure of the village community are revealed. Most of the information was recorded on evening meetings. They are a socio-everyday entity that organically combines entertainment and work elements. Usually, the main guideline for their conducting was hand work (spinning, embroidery, sewing), accompanied by songs and entertainment. The made records give a certain idea of the contemporary collective customs and traditions of Ukrainians in rural areas, especially of interpersonal relations in the Ukrainian peasant environment of today. The common belief among the respondents is that some changes in people’s behavior are manifested by a decrease in interest in communication than before (reciprocal guest-houses between the villagers have become a rarity – they only gather on holidays). Today, the customs of collective mutual assistance (in case of distress or distress in one of the villagers) are still preserved among the rural population.
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Biryukov, Sergey, and Alexander Evstratov. "Types and Influence of Customs in Modern Russian Legal System." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(3).17-25.
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Introduction. The significance of this work is due to the widespread existence of customs as regulators
of public life, which play an important role in determining the rules of conduct in people's relationships with
each other, as well as the presence of conflicts between the provisions of legal acts and the established order
reflected in customs. Purpose. The purpose is to present and describe some customs that exist in modern
Russian realities, to illustrate them with examples, and analyze their correlation with current legislation.
Methodology. The authors used formal-legal method, formal-logical method, system approach, analysis,
synthesis, comparative method. Results. This article presents some classifications of customs recognized in
legal science. The most relevant types of customs for the Russian legal system are considered, and examples
are given that demonstrate their regulatory nature. It is studied that along with national customs, which are
traditionally given significant importance, there are also other, not less important customs, such as professional
ones. Various opinions of scientists whose works are directly related to the topic of this article are presented,
studied and compared. Conclusion. On the basis of analyzed in this article jurisprudence, legal acts and
opinions of expert the following conclusions were made: firstly, we cannot deny the significant role of customs
as regulators of human behavior, which is especially important for those regions where customs, not the laws
was the key (the only) regulator of social life, and secondly, it is noted that the habit, which is practiced may
even be contrary to the legislation, but, nevertheless, to continue to operate and apply. Finally, we described
the custom as one of the elements that "allow us to find a fair solution", which in the future may allow to
continue studying the custom and the possibilities of its application in today's constantly changing world.
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Aufa, Ari Abi. "MEMAKNAI KEMATIAN DALAM UPACARA KEMATIAN DI JAWA." An-Nas 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36840/an-nas.v1i1.164.
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Javaneese culture adopts and mixes customs from some religions and local beliefs, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. Funeral customs may vary across cultures and religions, but there is something common, a ceremony. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment itself, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. Additionally, funerals often have religious aspects which are intended to help the soul of the deceased reach the afterlife. Thus, death is concieved as something terrifying at one side and something waited for at the other side. To respect the moment, people gather and pray for the death and for themselves. The ceremony, i.e. the feast, gave benefecial effects in their social life, creating harmony and solidarity between the members of the community. So, for Javaneese, to show that death has meanings, they create and adopts customs, and practice it whenever such event emerge
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Gold, Joshua M. "Generating a Vocabulary of Mourning: Supporting Families Through the Process of Grief." Family Journal 28, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480720929693.
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While grief and loss are common and universal life transitions, the language and customs of grieving differ based on the intersection of family practice and spiritual/religious affiliation. One aspect of cultural awareness and sensitivity to differing mourning processes may be the counselor’s awareness of meaningful verbiage and practice. This literature-based article will introduce family counselors to the differing nomenclature and practices of bereavement and offer implications for culturally relevant and sensitive counseling practice to support the family members’ mourning processes ( n = 80).
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Wennemers, Sander, and Hilde Bras. "Surviving in Overijssel. An Analysis of Life Expectancy, 1812–1912." Historical Life Course Studies 10 (March 31, 2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9586.
Full textAbstract:
The rise in life expectancy is one of the main processes of social change in the 19th century. In the Netherlands, regional differences in life expectancy, and their development, were huge. Therefore, studies on average life expectancy or studies, which examine the whole of the Netherlands do not fully capture the differential determinants of this process. This study focuses on social, economic, and geographic differences in life expectancy in 19th-century Overijssel using the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN). Exploiting Cox regression, the influence of several factors on life expectancy are investigated. The article shows that birth cohort, urbanisation, and gender had an important relation with life expectancy in 19th-century Overijssel, while industrialisation, religion, and inheritance customs were not associated with age at death.
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Stoletova, Anna S. "Custom and mentality of production societas in the realities of everyday life in the 1960s-80s (An interpretation of archive materials from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-3-61-70.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the sources of the Russian State Archive of Modern History, the article describes the establishment and operation of customs in the socio-economic life of the second half of the 20th century, which influence the everyday life, attitude and worldview of the production (industrial) part of Russian societas. The question is raised about the consolidation of new features in consciousness, individualistic tendencies as the basis of the worldview. Attention is focused on the fact that the dissonance in the levels of social differentiation, material wealth and social status formed the basis of the mental separation of the production elite, representatives of management and the working class. The author draws attention to the fact that the phenomena of nepotism, clannishness, favours and thuggery that penetrate into everyday life and the labour sphere of life were especially negatively perceived by the workers. The negative reactions of the workers were reinforced by the realities of life – the deficit, the housing issue as a problem of social arrangement, the outdated wage system. It is noted that the public niches in which customs and traditions were firmly rooted, were to a greater extent connected with topical and acute social processes, including the institutions of power, property and trade. The researcher comes to the conclusion that by the 1980s, due to the passage of the stages of further ideological, social and economic differentiation, the separation of the individual from the working collective, the isolation of the elite and a certain isolation of its ordinary members in the production environment, bourgeois aspirations and ideals of hoarding were growing stronger.
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Mahdi, Muntazar, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan, and Shabana Rasool. "Orthodoxy and Customs the Basic Sources of Sadism: A Psychoanalysis of the Caretaker." Arts and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2020-assj-0202-24-32/euraass.
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In contemporary world, humans in social context recurrently ascend against the deliberate and inadvertent occurrences as they fall debilitated intellectually and experience the antagonistic effects of social issues. The current research paper tries to bring up the purposes for sadism issue with exceptional reference to social part of people's life, thinking about society and specialists as main thrusts behind pretty much every dejection by means of putting on Freud’s psychoanalytic assumption about mental issues (yet through a minute unorthodoxy) on an emotional character made from Pinter’s imagination in “The Caretaker”. This descriptive study highlights the core area of human life with respect to sadism and orthodoxy from the content of the play. The content has been undertaken to investigate, decipher and evaluate with reference to Freudian viewpoint in order to open up people's enormous job of making sadism issue within society through pushing them to choke themselves in specific manners. The study brings forth the feature that the communication gap and loneness is one of the major reasons of sadism and orthodoxy.
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Tambunan, Mispa Sulastri, and Rama Tulus Pilakoannu. "SEDIMENTASI SOSIAL DALAM TINDAKAN KESEHARIAN PENGIKUT PARMALIM, KRISTEN, DAN ISLAM DI DESA PARDOMUAN NAULI LAGUBOTI(Social Sedimentation Parmalim, Christianity, and Islam Adherents’ Daily Action in Pardomuan Nauli Village of Laguboti)." ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/etnoreflika.v10i1.1079.
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This article studies the social sedimentation in the daily actions of Parmalim, Christian, and Islam adherents in Pardomuan Nauli Village, Laguboti. The multi-religious Batak people adhere to same customs, norms, traditions and cultures. But, in preserving same customs, norms, and culture, in fact, some conflicts still appear among the people. Through social sedimentation, however, people in Pardomuan Nauli can live in harmony and unity. This study employs Erving Goffman’s theory to see the interaction among people in their daily life. It also sees how people still can live in harmony among the religious differences by using social networks theory. The objective of study is to apply the development of qualitative research design and library research. The data were collected by conducting interviews, observation, and theoretical review. This study describes and analyzes how Parmalim, Christian, and Islam people in Batak Toba tribe live up the social sedimentation in their daily lives and also, how do they preserve the cultural values they have amidst religious differences.
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Gillani, Syed Iftikhar Ali, and Fayyaz Ahmad Farooq. "انسانی تہذیبوں میں سماجی اخلاقیات کا تصور: اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں The Concept of Social Ethics in Human Civilizations: In the light of Islamic Teachings." Al-Wifaq 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v5i1.u3.
Full textAbstract:
Civilization depicts the manners of life, sense, and thought of any society. Hence ways of living, social relations, ethics, habits, norms, and customs are phenomena of civilization. As human civilized life is concerned, civilization is the reflection of human personality, character thus ethics occupied a dignified status in the fulfillment of human character. From the study of human social life, we come to know that good character, noble personality, implementation of duties, responsibilities, and social safety is necessary for better ways of life. Ethics is considered the fundamental base of all these items. Thus, it was necessary to highlight the concept of social ethics after studying all human civilizations. In this article, the concept of social ethics is explained after defining the meaning of ethics. Besides it, social ethical rules and relations are described; the concept of marriage is prominent among the social ethical shortcomings. Islamic civilization and social ethics are explained in the end.
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Putu Ayu Wulan Sri Diantari, Kadek Anggi Dwi Yanti,, and I Nyoman Kiriana. "NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DALAM TRADISI NEDEH DI DESA KEKERAN KECAMATAN MENGWI KABUPATEN BADUNG." JAPAM (Jurnal Pendidikan Agama) 2, no. 02 (October 31, 2022): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/japam.v2i02.659.
Full textAbstract:
Religious life in the practice of religious teachings is shaped by the cultural characteristics of each region. Religious teachings occupy a very important place in their lives and motivate the formation of a spirit of spiritual harmony in order to achieve the goals of Hinduism itself. The Nedeh ceremony is a series of religious activities where rice planting is carried out once every 50 days. Performing this ritual is a tribute to Dewi Sri for physical and mental well-being. The values of Hindu religious education discussed in this study are: divine values, social values, aesthetic values, ethical or moral values and the value of increasing morality and awareness, parallel. The existence of religious customs is supported by customs and religious customs. Pedagogical values can shape and instill noble attitudes, personalities, and personalities so that humans can carry out their work in the future.
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Zhang, Yi Zhong, and Zhao Ru Guo. "From Ideology to Physical Form about the Planning and Design of Luyi Laozi-House." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3348.
Full textAbstract:
Houses with long history can’t be passed down from generation to generation. The impression of celebrities’houses stems from the analysis of their life tracks and the exploration of living space environment which produces their idea and philosophy. The planning and designing of Laozi-house is a product of the dialectical and reverse thinking. It is not a copy of the house that Laozi lived in, but it reproduces scenes of life and social customs in his days as much as possible. It can also reflect the social and cultural phenomenon in the Spring and Autumn Period.
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Gergilov, Rostislav E. "The Cultural Determinants of Shame." Observatory of Culture, no. 3 (June 28, 2014): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2014-0-3-107-114.
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Is devoted to the causes of feeling ashamed. These are not only individual psychology and social factors. A wide range of cultural factors are of equal importance beginning from the general manifestations of human life as defined by customs, mores, and religion, forms of labour activities and to achievements in science, technology, economics, and the arts.
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KOK, JAN, and KEES MANDEMAKERS. "A life-course approach to co-residence in the Netherlands, 1850–1940." Continuity and Change 25, no. 2 (August 2010): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416010000160.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTIn this article, we study variations in co-residence with kin in the Netherlands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We use the reconstructed life courses of 17,527 individuals derived from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) database. The life-course approach allows us to look at co-residence from the perspectives of both the receiving households and the co-resident kin. What made households take in relatives and do we find a preference for one type of relative over another? What was the background of people who decided to co-reside in another household? How important were family-related ‘altruistic’ motives compared with economic ones? The outcomes suggest the predominance of altruistic motives for co-residence, apart from persistent inheritance customs in the eastern part of the country.
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Et al., Gulnaz Sattar,. "PATRIARCHY AS A SOCIAL TRIBAL VALUE: FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF JAMIL AHMAD’S THE WANDERING FALCON." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 4236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1489.
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The present study is aimed to investigate the status of women in the novel The Wandering Falcon by Jamil Ahmed originally published in 2011. The Wandering Falcon is a collection of nine short stories. All the stories are interlinked with one another. The novel shows life in the tribal areas situated at the borders of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. In the present study, the researcher has examined the impacts of tribal traditions and rules on the lives of the people of these region. The research deals with the cruel and brutal laws of Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA) and the miserable life style of these tribal people, especially the women of the region, as depicted in the novel. The tribal people have to face the indifference of nature as well as the supremacy of society. The rules and regulations of society have a deep impact on the social, mental and psychological development of its members. The present study deals with the social status of women in these tribal areas. It describes the attitude of tribal customs and traditions toward women and reflects the impact of these brutal laws on the lives of women as well as the poor and suppressed class of the society. This article aims to highlight the tribal customs which, commodify the women of FATA. Qualitative research paradigm has been selected for the novel as it tends to be exploratory and interpretative and feminist perspective have been applied on the sample.
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MCMULLIN, JAREMEY R. "Integration or separation? The stigmatisation of ex-combatants after war." Review of International Studies 39, no. 2 (October 11, 2012): 385–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000228.
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AbstractEx-combatant reintegration programmes are buttressed by a number of problematic assumptions about ex-combatants themselves; namely, that ex-combatants should not receive long-term support because such assistance would amplify the threat they pose to security and exacerbate community resentment towards them. The article uses data collected from Liberia to demonstrate that such thinking stigmatises ex-combatants and works against the objective of reintegration: it disruptsintegration intothe everyday social, economic, and political life of the post-conflict state and aims instead to render ex-combatantsseparate fromcommunities. Integration will remain elusive unless assumptions about ex-combatants as programme beneficiaries are challenged.
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Sushkova, Iuliia N. "Marriage and family customs of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga region: legal and anthropological analysis (late XIX – early XX century)." Finno-Ugric World 14, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.01.87-99.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The institutions of marriage and family seem to be an integral component of the traditional livelihood of peoples, reflecting their history, features of life and activities. The Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, over the centuries of their existence, have formed original layers of marriage and family traditions, many elements of which have been preserved to this day. The article provides a comparative legal and anthropological analysis of the marriage and family customs of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga region. Materials and Methods. The article is based on the literature, archival materials on the state of marriage and family relations of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga region in the late XIX–XX centuries. It is based on a legal-anthropological methodology, which includes both relevant theoretical approaches and research methods of collecting materials. The comparative method makes it possible to compare certain elements of the institutions of marriage and family among individual Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga region, to identify their common and special features. The hermeneutic method implies a deeper penetration into the logic of human legal thinking in the study of legal customs. Results and Discussion. In the social life of the Finno-Ugric peoples, family rituals and customs related to marriage and wedding played an important role and family life. Great importance was attached to domestic deities. Many traditional features have been preserved in the regulation of marriage and family relations for a long time, which was due to the slow pace of the formation of market relations, patriarchal features of the family way of life, and the strength of family and kinship ties. Wedding ceremonies were characterized by great complexity and diversity. They were connected with different stages of the wedding, marking the transition of a young man and girl to a new social status; they were supposed to contribute to a more successful implementation of this event, to sanction it in the eyes of relatives and fellow villagers. Conclusion. The Finno-Ugric ethnic groups of the Volga region have developed many similar features of traditional culture and way of life, which indicates the traditions of interpenetration and interaction. Despite the common things and the general similarity of customs in the sphere of marriage and family relations, peoples also have distinctive properties, features of worldview, customary law, and other socionormative relations.
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Coweii, Daniel David. "Funerals, Family, and Forefathers: A View of Italian-American Funeral Practices." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 16, no. 1 (February 1986): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ryld-33xc-t9gp-9ju7.
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Italian-American funeral practices have received little attention in the literature. This study deals with this gap by tracing the evolution of funeral practices from the Old World, preimmigrant culture of the southern Italian to the contemporary New World funeral practices of Italian-Americans reflective of the so-called American way of death. The article is structured around the thesis that the author's own family experience of the ritualistic observance of death had its roots in Old World customs and traditions, was subsequently modified by American social patterns, secularism, industrialization, and funeral customs, and was further shaped by particular psychosocial family dynamics. The concluding section compares the author's personal experience of Roman Catholic home funerals with the larger societal practices described.
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Suharyanto, Agung. "Pendidikan dan Proses Pembudayaan dalam Keluarga." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2015): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v7i2.3123.
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Enculturation process is done by parents, or the person considered as senior by children or by the younger. Manners, customs, skill of a tribes/family usually inherited to the next generation through enculturation. In the family, in the first time children have early direct experiences which will be used as provision of their life later by physical exercise, social, mental, emotional even spiritual.
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Jumataeva, Asylgul Sarinjievna. "Ethnopedagogical Bases of Fostering a Respectful Attitude towards Elders." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.9.25.
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The paper describes traditions, customs, values of the Kyrgyz people and their role in the upbringing of the younger generation. The relevance of the re-search is due to the loss of many social traditions and customs of respect for elders, which have been inherent in the Kyrgyz culture for a long time, as well as the need to find new forms of educational work with the younger generation. Cardinal cultural and social changes that led to a certain loss of behavior-al expression of respect for elders in different life situations are identified and analyzed. The study shows the features of intergenerational relations in Kyrgyz society, the factors that cause such behav-ior, as well as positive and negative trends in the development of these relations. Effective methods of educational work are proposed in order to foster spiritual and moral qualities in the younger genera-tion.
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Peal, David. "Self-Help and the State: Rural Cooperatives in Imperial Germany." Central European History 21, no. 3 (September 1988): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012206.
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The consolidation of territorial states in Central Europe undermined the local customs and institutions that had shaped village life since the Middle Ages. By the end of the eighteenth century unitary law codes overrode rural customs. By distinguishing between public and private law, these codes stripped the organized village community of legal substance. Police and judicial functions once performed within the community were assumed by bureaucrats, and the state meddled with the use of local resources by liberalizing marriage and residence laws. Deprived of political autonomy, the village did remain the core economic and social unit in rural life, controlling access to communal forests and enforcing the rules of three-field agriculture. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century this limited autonomy was undermined as well. Freedom of contract, security of individual property, free transmission of property between generations, and commercialization of landed property struck at the ability of villages to control their material world in customary ways.
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Wang, Ruijing. "Good Baby, Good Life." European Journal of East Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20211017.
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Abstract This article explores the question of ‘a good life’ through a daily-life perspective. It focuses on a case regarding the abolition of infanticide, through which the relations and interactions between the socialist state and ethnic minorities of southwest China are examined. By elaborating how an Akha custom (infanticide) that guarantees communal goodness/purity was abolished, the research reveals three competing or collaborating notions of ‘good life’, where the Akha’s cosmological ‘good life’ is partly reformed to obey state law and to meet its members’ personal desires. This is an unusual case in that the ethnic cultural authorities from a small, politically marginalised, frontier-dwelling and egalitarian group in southwest China do not ‘resist’ or ‘collaborate with’ the state in the expected way. Instead, they draw on state power to oppose their own customs. With such a unique case, the research helps to diversify our understandings of state–society relations in southwest China.
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Kalybekova, M. "PROBLEMS OF THE DESTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE 30 – 50s XX CENTURY." edu.e-history.kz 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2022): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_2022_31_3_212-224.
Full textAbstract:
Annotation. Violent social experiments, violation of citizens’ rights, excesses in national politics, a refusal to take into account the peculiarities of life, customs, complex economic way of life of indigenous people, deportation to Kazakhstan of one million two hundred seven thousand representatives of various peoples and nationalities, unrest during the development of virgin lands, bureaucracy and Corruption in power structures caused various kinds of social and inter-ethnic conflicts. Careful concealment by the Soviet authorities of information about these events and a strict ban on the study of their history have led to the fact that, to date, there is no comprehensive study on this issue in historiography. The experience of identifying and preventing hotbeds of social and interethnic tension is very relevant for multinational Kazakhstan.