Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liberians

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Liberians'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Liberians"

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Allen, William E. "Historical Methodology and Writing the Liberian Past: the Case of Agriculture in the Nineteenth Century." History in Africa 32 (2005): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0002.

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Some of the late nineteenth century success of Liberia coffee, sugar, and other commodities can be attributed to the leasing of plantations to enterprising foreigners, although a few leading politicians did own successful farms … For most Americo-Liberians, the role of dirt farmer was decidedly beneath their station.Yet the reasons for this apathy among most Americo-Liberians for agriculture, which prevailed up to the early 1870s, were not far to seek. The majority of them being newly emancipated slaves, who had in servitude in America been used to being forced to work, erroneously equated their newly won freedom with abstinence from labour.Both arguments are inaccurate, yet the authors made essential contributions to the writing of Liberian history. J. Gus Liebenow became renowned within Liberian academic circles for his earlier book, Liberia: the Evolution of Privilege. In that book he analyzed the policy that enabled the minority Americo-Liberians (descendants of free blacks from the United States who founded Liberia in 1822), to monopolize political and economic power to the exclusion of the majority indigenous Africans for more than a century. M. B. Akpan dissected Liberia's dubious political history and concluded that Americo-Liberian authority over the indigenous population, was identical to the discriminatory and oppressive policy practiced by European colonizers in Africa.
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Ludwig, Bernadette. "A Black Republic: Citizenship and naturalisation requirements in Liberia." Migration Letters 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i1.265.

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In 1822 Liberia was founded as a place where free(d) enslaved African Americans could find freedom and liberty. While many of them did, the indigenous African population was, for a long time, excluded from citizenry despite fulfilling one of the essential criteria to be eligible for Liberians citizenship: Being Black. This prerequisite remains part of Liberian law today, rendering non-Blacks ineligible for Liberian citizenship. Today, this mostly affects the Lebanese community who originally came as traders and entrepreneurs to Liberia. This article analyses why Liberians defend race-based exclusionary citizenship practices.
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Osborne, Myles. "A Note on the Liberian Archives." History in Africa 36 (2009): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0012.

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Two decades of civil war have left Liberians facing many challenges. One such group includes those concerned with the preservation and maintenance of Liberia's archives, which were severely compromised during the period of conflict. This paper provides a brief introduction for scholars as to the nature of Liberia's archival materials available in-country, the impact of the war on the collections, and details about how scholars interested in the history of Liberia may access these records.There are three archival collections in Liberia. The first is at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Tubman Boulevard, between 12th and 13th Streets. The second is at the Center for National Documents and Records (National Archives) at 96 Ashmun Street, while the third—the Presidential Archives—is at the Executive Mansion on Capitol Hill.
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Sumaworo, Mory. "NEW DUAL CITIZENSHIP LAW OF LIBERIA ‘READINGS AND ANALYSES’." Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55327/jaash.v8i4.280.

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In view of this, the subject was listed among other things by the Constitutional Review Committee for a possible amendment as it is impliedly prohibited by the Constitution of the Land under article 28. While awaiting for the amendment through referendum in 2023 after the first attempt failed to meet threshold in 2020 as declared by National Elections Commission (NEC), the both Houses of Legislature had passed dual citizenship law legalizing the practice and, the law had be signed by the President. The new law also, places some restrictions on Liberians with dual nationality in terms of holding public offices both elective and appointed. For the appointed positions, article 4(2) and, for the elective ones, article 4 (1) of the New Dual Citizenship Law conditions for any Liberian who holds the citizenship of another country and desires to run for a public office, to renounce and relinquish that citizenship at least one year prior to a applying to the National Elections Commission. Finally, considering the socioeconomic situation of Liberia, dual citizenship may open different doors of business and economic opportunities for Liberians by birth with different nationalities and neutralized citizens to comfortably invest in country’s economy. Thus, it incumbent upon the government now to aggressively engage Liberians in the diaspora and dual-nationals to invest and actively contribute to economic activities and taking the country to the next level of prosperity and development.
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Greer, Brenna W. "Selling Liberia: Moss H. Kendrix, the Liberian Centennial Commission, and the Post-World War II Trade in Black Progress." Enterprise & Society 14, no. 2 (June 2013): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht017.

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This article examines the activities of Moss H. Kendrix, a budding black entrepreneur and Public Relations Officer for the Centennial Commission of the Republic of Liberia, during the years immediately following World War II. To secure US investment in Liberia’s postwar development, Kendrix re-presented African Americans and Americo-Liberians as new markets valuable to US economic growth and national security. This article argues that his tactics advanced the global significance of black peoples as modern consumers and his worth as a black markets specialist, while simultaneously legitimating notions of progress that frustrated black claims for unconditional self-determination or first-class citizenship. Kendrix’s public relations work on behalf of Liberia highlights intersections between postwar black entrepreneurialism and politics and US foreign relations, as well as the globalization of US business and consumerism.
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Gbellay, Jeremiah Momo. "Assessing the Social and Economic Impact of Logistics Management on the Liberian Economy (the National Transit Authority 2015-2018)." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.02.art012.

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Under the able leadership of Her Excellency Madam Sirleaf, the government envisioned that to address the many unemployment in Liberia, it was prudent to decentralize governance and all government services appertaining transportation from the transport ministry to the national transit authority (NTA) to alleviate huge unemployment deficiency with employment. Therefore, affordable public transportation for Liberians was identified as one of the areas for strategic intervention. Significantly, the remodeling of the Monrovia Transit Authority (MTA) into the National Transit Authority (NTA) tries to pursue decentralization to provide affordable, convenient, and reliable mass transit services to citizens throughout the breadth of the country for all citizenries. After over a decade of post-conflict growth and relative peace and stability since the end of the 1989-2003 conflict, Liberia’s transport infrastructure and logistics sector have the potential for enormous growth and development. Over the past period, there has been an increasing emphasis on supply chain and logistics management as a medium for firms to achieve competitive advantage in markets (Collins, 2003. P. 8). A large number of examples in the 1990s show how countries have made significant investments to streamline the supply chain to improve customer satisfaction and increase the internal productivity of their economy. In conclusion, this paper fully explores both the framework for and an analysis of such reflections of the civil unrest conflicts in Liberia and assessing the social and economic impact of logistics management of the Liberian economy.
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Svärd, Proscovia. "Has the Freedom of Information Act enhanced transparency and the free flow of information in Liberia?" Information Development 34, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666916672717.

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This article investigates if the adoption of the Liberian Freedom of Information (FOI) law 2010 has led to a transparent government and increased the free flow of government information. Freeing government information is expected to create transparent and accountable governments. It brings forth democratic and inclusive government institutions that work for the people. Inclusivity, transparency and accountability are expected to address sustainable development challenges and democracy deficits. Transparency and accountability can only be achieved through access to government information. The right to access government information is also included in the national constitution of Liberia. The citizens of Liberia in West Africa suffered from a protracted civil war between 1989–1996 and 1999–2003 respectively. These wars were partly caused by non-accountability of the governments, endemic corruption and the mismanagement of the countries’ resources. Efforts are being made by the government with the help of the international community to embrace a new democratic dispensation. Liberia was also one of the first African countries to enact a Freedom of Information (FOI) Law that would enable Liberians to access government information.
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Saha, Santosh C. "Agriculture in Liberia during the Nineteenth Century: Americo-Liberians' Contribution." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 22, no. 2 (1988): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485903.

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Saha, Santosh C. "Agriculture in Liberia During the Nineteenth Century: Americo-Liberians' Contribution." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 2 (January 1988): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1988.10804194.

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Hartman, Alexandra C., and Benjamin S. Morse. "Violence, Empathy and Altruism: Evidence from the Ivorian Refugee Crisis in Liberia." British Journal of Political Science 50, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 731–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123417000655.

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In regions plagued by reoccurring periods of war, violence and displacement, how does past exposure to violence affect altruism toward members of different ethnic or religious groups? Drawing on theories of empathy-driven altruism in psychology, this article proposes that violence can increase individuals’ capacity to empathize with others, and that empathy born of violence can in turn motivate helping behavior across group boundaries. This hypothesis is tested using data on the hosting behavior of roughly 1,500 Liberians during the 2010–11 Ivorian refugee crisis in eastern Liberia, a region with a long history of cross-border, inter-ethnic violence. Consistent with its theoretical predictions, the study finds that those who experienced violence during the Liberian civil war host greater numbers of refugees, exhibit stronger preferences for distressed refugees and less bias against outgroup refugees, and host a higher proportion of non-coethnic, non-coreligious and distressed refugees. These findings suggest that violence does not necessarily lead to greater antagonism toward outgroups, as is often assumed, and that in some circumstances it can actually promote inter-group co-operation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liberians"

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Santana, Genesys. "A case of double conciousness americo-liberians and indigenous liberian relations 1840-1930." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/613.

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This study argues that the formation of Americo-Liberian identity overwhelmingly relied on White American middle class cultural values despite the founders' criticisms and rejection of racial oppression and slavery. Americo-Liberians' previous participation in a culture that downgrades African heritage fostered the internalization of Western notions of civilization and African inferiority that led them to establish an oppressive regime similar to the one they had escaped from, and even enslaved the indigenous population, which they considered "uncivilized." The study thus investigates how formerly oppressed and enslaved blacks became oppressors and enslavers of other black people in the name of a "civilizing mission." The relationship that developed between Americo-Liberians and indigenous Liberians provides a case study to explore the impact of White supremacy ideology on enslaved Africans and racial uplift ideology. Building on contributions of social theory and conflict theory my analysis of Americo-Liberians demonstrates how social class and ideology interacted to produce socio-economic developments that led to the Liberian Civil War. This study covers the founding of Liberia as a republic during the 1840's through the League of Nation's intervention in 1928. It is during this time period that Americo-Liberians fostered an exploitative and colonizing relationship with the indigenous Liberian population. Previous scholarship regarding Liberia engages in descriptive analysis this study is the first to employ the theoretical framework of double-consciousness to further illuminate the ambivalent positions of the Americo-Liberians vis-a-vis indigenous Liberians
B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
History
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Magadla, Siphokazi. "The 16th County: Role of Diaspora Liberians in Land Reform, Reconciliation and Development in Liberia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273885451.

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Dillon, Etrenda Christine. "The Role of Education in the Rise and Fall of Americo-Liberians in Liberia, West Africa (1980)." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/18.

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Education has proven to be a powerful tool. Higher education in particular has been and continues to be utilized in various ways around the world and has been instrumental in the rise of societies including Americo-Liberian society in Liberia, West Africa. This study investigates how education has been instrumental in the formation of identity for Americo-Liberians (descendants of historically oppressed groups), demonstrates the relationship that existed between education attainment and social stratification within their system, and uncovers the socialization process that existed within the Americo-Liberian system of education. A critical analysis of social structure and history was undertaken to demonstrate how a mythical norm and cultural capital were key in both the identity formation and destruction of the Americo-Liberian population in Liberia, West Africa. Other theoretical frameworks, in particular "othering" were utilized throughout this dissertation to further demonstrate the rise of Americo-Liberians through their employment of a mythical norm and cultural capital, which ultimately led to their demise. A historical case study method was utilized to uncover the cultural capital of the preferred upper class and political elite, known as Americo-Liberians, which was deeply embedded within their system of education. In all, the system that was set up to ensure their privilege led to their demise and the complete destruction of the country as a whole.
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Imungi, Muthoni Gatwiri. "Acculturative stress and psychological distress in adult female Liberian refugees in the United States." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. School of Social Work, 2008.
"This study used a mixed methods research design that employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the impacts of social and demographic characteristics on acculturative stress and psychological distress in 27 adult female Liberian refugees living in Lansing, Michigan." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-179). Also issued in print.
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Murray, Robert P. "Whiteness in Africa: Americo-Liberians and the Transformative Geographies of Race." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/23.

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This dissertation examines the constructed racial identities of African American settlers in colonial Liberia as they traversed the Atlantic between the United States and West Africa during the first half of the nineteenth century. In one of the great testaments that race is a social construction, the West African neighbors and inhabitants of Liberia, who conceived of themselves as “black,” recognized the significant cultural differences between themselves and these newly-arrived Americans and racially categorized the newcomers as “white.” This project examines the ramifications for these African American settlers of becoming simultaneously white and black through their Atlantic mobility. This is not to suggest that those African Americans who relocated to Liberia somehow desired to be white or hoped to “pass” as white after their arrival in Africa. Instead, the Americo-Liberians utilized their African whiteness to lay claim to an exotic, foreign identity that also escaped associations of primitivism. This project makes several significant contributions to scholarship on the colonization movement, whiteness, and Atlantic world. Importantly for scholarship on Liberia, it reestablishes the colony as but one evolving point within the Atlantic world instead of its usual interpretative place as the end of a transatlantic journey. Whether as disgruntled former settlers, or paid spokesmen for the American Colonization Society (ACS), or visitors returning to childhood abodes, or emancipators looking to free families from the chains of slavery, or students seeking medical degrees, Liberian settlers returned to the United States and they were remarkably uninterested in returning to their formerly downtrodden place in American society. This project examines the “tools” provided to Americo-Liberians by their African residence to negotiate a new relationship with the white inhabitants of the United States. These were not just metaphorical arguments shouted across the Atlantic Ocean and focusing on the experiences of Americo-Liberians in the United States highlights that these “negotiations” had practical applications for the lives of settlers in both the United States and Africa. The African whiteness of the settlers would function as a bargaining chip when they approached that rhetorical bargaining table.
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Quewea, Zon Gangbayee. "Community Involvement among Liberians in Johnson City, Tennessee: An Exploratory Pilot Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1933.

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This study examined predictors of community involvement among Liberians in Johnson City, Tennessee. This study was exploratory in nature and used a social survey employing closed-ended questions. Using cross-tabulation analysis, results derived from a random sample (n = 62) of respondents indicate that persons who were older, married with children, employed, more religious, members of the Mande Fu ethnic group, and/or tended toward very liberal or conservative views had the highest rates of community participation. Predictors of types of community participation were also analyzed, the most significant of which was the higher prevalence of males in leadership roles and females in the provision of services and sundry items. The significance of these findings for community empowerment among Liberians in Johnson City was briefly discussed.
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Sanchez-Alicea, Glendaly. "Long-Term Implementation of Temporary Immigration Policy on the Security and Integration of Liberians in the U.S." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6661.

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Immigration policies such as temporary protected status and deferred enforced departure can serve as suitable humanitarian solutions to help displaced individuals. Notwithstanding, when implemented in the course of many years, the uncertainty and stress of living in limbo can pose significant challenges to beneficiaries and create a multifarious scenario for government leaders. This qualitative study examined the experience of Liberians, a group designated with temporary immigration protection in the United States since 1991, who have consequently formed lives in the United States while in temporary status. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the effects of temporary immigration policy, implemented as a long-term solution on the security of Liberians and their successful integration in the United States. The study was designed with a case study approach, which yielded a breadth of data collected through semistructured interviews of 9 members of the Liberian community. The research question aimed to understand the perceived effects of long-term implementation of temporary immigration policy on Liberians and their ability to feel secure and integrate into U.S. society. The data were analyzed using content analysis and revealed that irrespective of the challenges and angst of living in limbo, and evidence of some degree of marginalization, Liberians have progressed in many ways and are contributing members of U.S. society. The social change implications of this research include providing a voice to Liberians and others in similar circumstances and the potential for policymakers to consider how temporary immigration policies are implemented in the future.
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Stubbergaard, Anna. "“It is like the world has forgotten us” : A case study about Liberians living in a protracted refugee situation in Ghana." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155792.

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Protracted refugee situations are a world-wide problem,yetlittle research isavailable. Despite obvious practical obstacles,it is the individual that must decide whether to return, which is why it is interesting to examine if the choice is deliberate or involuntary. This thesis aims to specifically study why Liberian refugees, who fled from the civil wars in the 1990’s, still livesin the refugee camp Buduburam in Ghana, where they have stayed for more than two decades even though their living conditions are continuing toworsen.To understand their choice of not repatriating, the Rational Choice Theory and Social Identity Theory,which separately describeshow and why individuals make decisions, are being compared. The former claims that people always make choices based on selfish and rational assumptions after considering both positive and negative consequences, and then choose the most profitable option. In contrast, the Social Identity Theory implies that an individual’s decision-making is based on group belonging, norms and surroundings.To further achieve the purpose of the study, the theories are appliedto the empirical materialgathered from semi-structured interviews made with eight refugees that stays in the camp, who individually describestheir situation and reason for not repatriating. Lastly, the analysis discusses whyneither of the theories has a complete explanation forthe problematic situation,although interesting approaches are acknowledged.
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Kauffeldt, Bev. "Towards a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the BioSand water filter on the quality of life for post-war rural Liberians." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7320.

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Numerous forms of low-technology development interventions have been introduced and implemented in an effort to alleviate the cycle of poverty. Nowhere is this truer than in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, where countless technologies with the sole purpose of improving the quality of water for countries, communities and individuals have been invented and implemented. The technology is often effective in its purpose; however, this thesis will demonstrate how the context of the implementation can influence its impacts, resulting in intended and unintended development results. The aim of this thesis is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the impacts that a key technology such as the BioSand water filter can have on the quality of life of people in post-war rural Liberia. A logical framework of the research was formulated in chapter one and adjusted to the research in chapter seven. Aspects of quality of life (QoL) indicators and measurements in post-war Liberia, challenges of post-war development and a low-technology WASH intervention, and the BioSand water filter (BSF) were investigated. Data was collected through observational studies over a six year period and through questionnaire and interview surveys of local people, key informants and the INGO community of Liberia. The BSF was used as a lens, as a demonstration of a type of development technology that has the potential to impact the QoL of its beneficiaries. The results ranged from finding unique QoL indicators that were not expected to elucidating the deep-seated psychosocial influences that a post-war context has on a population. Aspects of ownership, the sense of belonging and the desire to re-establish their lives proved to be the primary motivators that the research revealed – contrary to the intended health impact of the BSF. Coupled with these factors were the entrenched traditional beliefs that Liberians all share and which influence the implementation and impact of a project. From these findings, recommendations for INGOs in areas of pre-intervention QoL surveys and preliminary psychosocial community and individual assessments of conflict experiences have been noted. The most important recommendation for INGOs being to increase the time they spend and deepen their relationships with beneficiaries. This will increase the likelihood of a development intervention having the intended positive effects on the lives of those who have endured the pain of war.
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Sungbeh, Tewroh-Wehtoe. "Collaborative Governance and Anticorruption in Postwar Monrovia." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4259.

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Public sector corruption is a major problem in Monrovia. Successive national governments have instituted anticorruption measures in the 1970s and 2000s, and anticorruption agencies were established to eradicate corruption. However, there appears to be a significant lack of resources and political willpower to prosecute corrupt government officials. A failure to curb political corruption indicates that current policies are not working. Government works when there is a perception that it delivers results and that the needs and safety of the citizenry are protected. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenology study was to gain a deeper understanding of public sector corruption at high levels of government in Monrovia. The conceptual framework for this study was based on the sociological theory of collaboration, within which governance is seen as a component of interpersonal relationships and a way to build trust and social interactions. Data were collected from open-ended semistructured interviews with former and present government officials (N = 8). The results were coded using descriptive coding to take an inventory of the contents, and to classify the coding into themes and subthemes. Results indicated that distrust among stakeholders and various governing institutions has hindered cooperation. Civic engagement and participation, patriotism, decentralization of the central government, job creation, safety and security, law and order, education and healthcare, and diluting the powers of the presidency, etc., were some of the issues raised by the participants. This dissertation may support positive social change in a meaningful way by providing policymakers with the information to make the country safe and governable, increase the standard of living and bring needed relief to the citizenry.
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Books on the topic "Liberians"

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Culture in Liberia: An Afrocentric view of the cultural interaction between the indigenous Liberians and the Americo-Liberians. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1998.

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1937-, Wasungu Pascal Arfa, ed. L'exceptionnel destin de Joseph Kankua Itoka. Lomé: Editions de la Rose Bleue, 2004.

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Ruiz, Hiram A. Uprooted Liberians: Casualties of a brutal war. Washington, D.C: U.S. Committee for Refugees, 1992.

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A journey of faith. Baltimore, Md: American Literary Press, 2001.

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Emily, Holland, ed. And still peace did not come: A memoir of reconciliation. New York: Hyperion, 2011.

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Mason, Melvin J. Savoring education: An autobiography. Colubus, Ga: Brentwood Christian Press, 2007.

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Taryor, Nya Kwiawon. Liberia, facing Mount Nimba: A documentary history of the United Nimba Citizens' Council (UNICCO). [Clinton, N.Y.]: Strugglers' Community Press, 1991.

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Konkai: Living between two worlds. Washington, D. C: Cotton Tree Press, 2011.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs. Liberia: Relief and reconstruction : a staff report. [Washington, D.C.]: The Subcommittee, 1991.

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No more war: Rebuilding liberia through faith, determination and education. [Place of publication not identified]: iUniverse Inc., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liberians"

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Crawley, Heaven, and Veronica Fynn Bruey. "‘Hanging in the Air’: The Experiences of Liberian Refugees in Ghana." In IMISCOE Research Series, 107–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_6.

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AbstractThe civil wars that devastated Liberia between 1989 and 2003 displaced an estimated 800,000 people internally, with more than a million people travelling to neighbouring countries in West Africa in search of protection and the opportunity to rebuild their lives. More than 15 years after the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed, tens of thousands of Liberians continue to be displaced in Liberia, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire. Whilst some have been resettled – primarily to Canada, the US, Australia, and European countries – most have been left ‘hanging in the air’, living in extreme poverty, marginalised from mainstream development policies and planning, and unable to either contribute to, or benefit from, efforts to rebuild peace and security in their home country. Their needs, interests and aspirations have been largely ignored by academics and policymakers in the Global North whose focus, particularly over recent years, has been primarily on the drivers of migration from West Africa across the Mediterranean to Europe. At a regional level, there have been efforts by the Economic Committee of West African States (ECOWAS) to provide alternative models of integration, particularly since the United Nations High Commissioner Refugees (UNHCR) announced the cessation of refugee status for Liberian refugees in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire in June 2012. However, significant barriers to both local integration and safe-third country resettlement remain. This chapter examines the experiences of Liberian refugees living in Ghana and their struggles to secure national and international protection in a context where returning to Liberia remains impossible for many.
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Holder, Christina. "Growing Hope: How Urban Gardens Are Empowering War-Affected Liberians and Harvesting a New Generation of City Farmers." In Greening in the Red Zone, 417–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9947-1_32.

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Murray, Robert. "“Nearly All Have Natives as Helps in Their Families, and This Is as It Should Be”." In Atlantic Passages, 113–52. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066752.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 focuses on Liberia’s labor regime. The colonists made expansive use of a spectrum of coerced, unfree, or debased African labor. The command of black workers undergirded the whiteness of the Americo-Liberians and was the focus of two broad charges leveled at the colony. Critics charged that the Liberian settlers preferred trading with natives rather than engaging in agriculture and that they utilized Africans as a slave labor force. Ideologically and rhetorically, Liberia was complicated as its booster claimed it could uplift two separate populations: indigenous Africans and African American settlers. Working for the settlers within various states of unfreedom would bestow “civilization” upon native Africans; settlers would find uplift through their command of indigenous labor. This framework presented a significant problem: native Africans laboring in Liberia both had to assimilate and remain separate and subordinate.
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Lindsay, Lisa A. "The Love of Liberty." In Atlantic Bonds: A Nineteenth-Century Odyssey from America to Africa. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631127.003.0004.

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Within months of his arrival in Liberia in 1853, Church Vaughan was able to undertake more of the rights and duties of citizenship than he ever had before. He trained and served with a militia; he received a land grant to establish his own homestead; and he was eligible to vote. Yet Vaughan spent less than three years in Liberia. What motivated him to leave? As this chapter details, Vaughan learned that settler society was in its own way as exclusive and exploitative as the one he had left behind in South Carolina. From the beginnings of American colonization, a series of military battles and lopsided treaties had either displaced local African peoples or else brought them under the “protection” of the Liberian administration, subject to the foreigners’ laws and unfavorable trading agreements. Liberia’s boosters described this process as bringing civilization, especially since one of their goals was to stop slave trading between local leaders and transatlantic purchasers. Yet Liberians’ use of indigenous labor for their own enterprises closely resembled slavery, as some contemporaries pointed out. When presented with the opportunity to leave Liberia—for a place reputed to be roiled by warfare and slave-trading, no less—Vaughan took it.
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McDuffie, Erik S. "“The Second Battle for Africa Has Begun”." In Global Garveyism, 89–113. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056210.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the underappreciated impact of Garveyism in shaping Liberian politics and life during the 1970s. This work was spearheaded by Rev. Clarence W. Harding Jr., a dynamic Chicago-born African American leader, who relocated to Monrovia in 1966 and headed the local division of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) until his passing in 1978. Through the local division, and through the Marcus Garvey Memorial Institute, a UNIA-affiliated elementary and secondary school, Harding successfully disseminated the principles of Garveyism widely among working-class and indigenous Liberians living in Monrovia and collaborated with the emergent Movement for Justice in Africa. In tracing Harding’s work in Liberia, the chapter also highlights connections between Liberia and the U.S. Midwest—or what the author has fashioned as the “diasporic Midwest.”
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"The Two Liberians." In Africa’s Peacemakers. Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350218222.part-006.

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Medie, Peace A. "Violence against Women in Liberia." In Global Norms and Local Action, 53–72. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922962.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 traces the problem of violence against women in Liberia and explains how the conflict exacerbated the problem and rendered women vulnerable in its aftermath. It examines three time periods (pre-conflict, conflict, and post-conflict) and explains that patriarchal gender norms were always at the core of this violence and contributed to Liberians’ reluctance to report rape and domestic violence to the police and to support the prosecution of offenders. However, widespread sexual violence during the conflict and post-conflict campaigns by the state and non-state actors led to shifting attitudes and to increased reporting of these crimes. Nonetheless, it shows how even after the conflict, Liberians relied more on informal justice mechanisms to address violence against women.
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Stillion Southard, Bjørn F. "“Peculiar Obligations”." In Peculiar Rhetoric, 86–112. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496823694.003.0005.

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Hilary Teage played a crucial role in the development of civic identity in Liberia. Teage argued for the centrality of debate and the importance of memory in the creation of a civic identity. This chapter understands how Teage balanced American and colonial norms and experiences to build a new civic identity among Liberians.
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Murray, Robert. "The End of Emancipation Street." In New Directions in the Study of African American Recolonization. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054247.003.0014.

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Using the historiography of “whiteness studies,” Murray looks at race in new ways by examining the racial attitudes of indigenous Africans toward Liberian settlers. He also examines the attitudes of Liberians themselves. Through the process of emigration, black Americans became theoretically white, at least in the minds of their indigenous neighbors, and he explores this racial transformation. He also examines the geographical layout of the colony in terms of race and racial exclusion.
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Murray, Robert. "Introduction." In Atlantic Passages, 1–22. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066752.003.0001.

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The introduction summarizes the content of the chapters and places the research in a broader context. This book focuses on the experiences and beliefs of the African American settlers and Africans in the colony of Liberia and on its earliest years as a republic after independence in 1847. Readers will notice that while Murray examines Liberia and Liberians broadly, he often focuses his analytical gaze upon the independent colony of Maryland in Liberia, established by the Maryland State Colonization Society (MSCS) in 1834. The MSCS desired to shift colonization in a more antislavery direction and did not believe it could accomplish this goal within the confines of the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color (the American Colonization Society or ACS).
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Conference papers on the topic "Liberians"

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Lee, Joshua D., and Leila Sai Srinivasan. "Reducing Carbon and Improving Thermal Comfort for an Orphan Village in Rural Liberia." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.16.

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Liberia experienced two devastating civil wars during the 1990s and early 2000s that resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths and nearly total destruction of its electrical and water infrastructure systems. The loss of these systems has been especially acute and persistent in rural areas where power is generally provided by small, inefficient, gas-powered generators to power lighting and electric fans. Thus, it is imperative that buildings in Liberia reduce their carbon footprint while improving thermal comfort by employing a variety of passive strategies. The project presented in this paper tested a variety of strategies and adapted them to the specific program, climate, society, materials, and methods of construction currently available in rural Liberia. The team used a series of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to assess the best combination of ventilation strategies for thermal comfort. Based on the previous research these simulations were focused on increasing air speeds to improve thermal comfort in this hot and humid climate. A comparison of the baseline design against interventions such as wind funnels and angles of the slats in jalousie windows show the way the wind speeds and patterns of wind movement thereby enabling informed decision making. These recommendations were then constructed and tested in the first built prototype, a communal home for orphans on a new eco-village near Buchanan City. This made it possible to calibrate subsequent simulation models with the actual ventilation metrics and airflow patterns onsite as the campus expands. An iterative process of simulations and physical site measurements has led to a number of important insights for this development and those in the surrounding area as elements of this work are already being copied in the area, creating a new, more sustainable, lower carbon vernacular for rural Liberia.
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Rusk, D. C., K. C. Bennett, and K. W. Mohn. "Petroleum Systems in Offshore Sierra Leone and Liberia." In 64th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.5.p204.

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Best, Michael L., Edem Wornyo, Thomas N. Smyth, and John Etherton. "Uses of mobile phones in post-conflict Liberia." In 2009 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictd.2009.5426680.

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Anwar, Nadeem, Deddeh Howard, Jessica Donovan-Allen, Borwen Sayon, Eduard Niesten, Marielle C. Weikel, and Mahlette Betre. "Conservation Agreements: Integrating Social and Environmental Investments in Liberia." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168489-ms.

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Kerwillain, Shadrach P., Rob Small, Benedictus Freeman, Matthew Varney, Clara Cassell, and Mary Molokwu-Odozi. "CANCELLED: Using Social Assessment as basis for promoting an Integrated Participatory Management Approach at Liberia’s oldest Protected Area." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107988.

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Bennett, K. C., D. C. Rusk, and K. W. Mohn. "Structural Framework and Potential Hydrocarbon Plays in Offshore Sierra Leone and Liberia." In 64th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.5.g008.

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Hoover, Kyle. "Utilizing Geophysics: Developing Groundwater Sources in Response to Refugee Crisis in Liberia." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.4721873.

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Rojas-Hernandez, Isaac. "Fixed photovoltaic system optimization: Azimuth, inclination and pitch case study at Liberia." In 2016 IEEE 36th Central American and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/concapan.2016.7942385.

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Podah, Isaac P. "Decentralization for delivering better health services in Liberia: lesson from the Philippines." In Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration Conference (EROPA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eropa-18.2019.8.

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Koffi, Gnagnon Raymond-Stéphane, Alain Nicaise Kouamelan, Marc Ephrem Allialy, Yacouba Coulibaly, and Jean-Jacques Peucat. "Re-evaluation of Leonian and Liberian Events in the Geodynamical Evolution of the Man-Leo Shield (West African Craton)." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1345.

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Reports on the topic "Liberians"

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Benson, Vivienne, and Krijn Peters. Improving Rural Lives Through the Liberian Motorbike Boom. The Impact Initiative, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii291.

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Rhein, Matthias. Industrial Oil Palm Development: Liberia’s Path to Sustained Economic Development and Shared Prosperity? Lessons from the East. Rights and Resources Initiative, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/alty1743.

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The purpose of this paper is to contribute to Liberia’s debate on economic policy, specifically, recent efforts around industrial-scale palm oil development against the context of the wider role of the rural sector in economic development.
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RanaDiatta, Ampa Dogui, Laura Casu, Mariame Dramé, Irina Uzhova, Judith Kaboré, Fanta Touré, and Roosmarijn Verstraeten. Nutrition policy in Liberia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134656.

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Clarke, Roland. Postwar Reconstruction in Liberia: The Participation and Recognition of Women in Politics in Liberia. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1038.

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Hjort, Jonas, Vinayak Iyer, and Golvine de Rochambeau. Informational Barriers to Market Access: Experimental Evidence from Liberian Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27662.

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Milbrandt, A. Assessment of Biomass Resources in Liberia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/951800.

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Tinsley-Nicholson, Tracey E. Liberia: The Long Road to Recovery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424024.

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Upadhyay, Arjun, and Abeba Taddese. EdTech in Liberia: A Rapid Scan. EdTech Hub, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0033.

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EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private sector partnerships, and digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive. The aim is to provide a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries and, in this case, Liberia. This report is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
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Tofaris, Elizabeth, and Mauricio Romero. Outsourcing Primary Education In Liberia Leads To Inadequacies. REAL Centre, University of Cambridge and The Impact Initiative, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii352.

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West Africa, Transform Nutrition. Liberia: Availability of data on nutrition intervention coverage. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134641.

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