Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Liberté de la presse – France'
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Revel-Ménard, Estelle de. "Le groupe de presse et la liberté de l'information." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32018.
Full textThe liberty of press is fundamental. Applied to the press publication, it concerns the liberty of press, that is to say the issues, press agency and journalist but also the liberty of the receiver overlaing the right of people to be informed. It is protected by rules aiming to correct the barreful effects of the liberalism of economy. In spite of the rules, the information liberty remains vulnerable when a group controls the press. The juridical regulation specific to the press agency run its efficiency as they badly resist the hold of control and concentrations. Likewise the protection given to the journalist of the publication concerning their conscience, their independance and even their author rights is not safeguarded faced with a group. The press group is indeed a disturbing element of the regulation instituted by the legislator for protecting the liberty of information. However, dangers must not be exaggerated. Concentration is often a necessity offering to press publications ongoing and development
Brocal, von Plauen Frédérique. "Le droit à l'information en France : la presse, le citoyen et le juge." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/brocal_f.
Full textThe legal system on information has been developed out of the different liberties related to the press (embodied by article 11 of the DDHC, the laws of 1881 on the press and of the 29th July, 1982 on audio-visual communication). If this system was mostly oriented towards the information distributors, the 1980's have witnessed a new tendency influenced by the constitutional judge. For the constitutional counsel, the liberty of communication can only be effective if the legislator respects the constitutional principles of pluralism of information and the fairness doctrine, with the purpose of satisfying the essential end-users : The reader, the listener or the television viewer. Likewise, the European Court of Human Rights, with article 10 of the ECHR on the liberty of expression and information in mind, thinks that the democratic society is characterized by pluralism, tolerance and a spirit of openess i. E. Liberty is given not only when information is welcomed favourably or indifferently, but also when it shocks or even hurts the authority of the state, or a fraction of the population. Although the constitutional judge, through case law, regulates the information rights of the citizens, the effectiveness of these rights are fully applied when confronted with the protection of others and the necessity of public order. On the other hand, and even if it tends towards a subjective right of the citizen, it remains uncompleted, the judges having not explicitly recognized the interest to act of the citizens
Cadou, Eléonore. "La distribution de la presse." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010314.
Full textThe French press distribution system is original in more than one way : disimilar to any other national system, it benefits as well from a legal system very different from that wich, in France, is generally applicable to other mass consumption products. This dual specificity is due essentially to the particuliar nature of the product and, in a more contingent manner, to historical reasons, which have pushed French legislators to take into account the fact that the protection of the product was vain if it was not applied to its distribution system. Although the loi bichet of 2 april 1947 put the press distribution system in place using the principles of cooperative law, practice has allowed a commercial company to play a predominant role in the circuit. Even if the essential of the founding principles have all been preserved and thus assuring the freedom of the press distribution, this predominance of a single company does not reduce certain difficulties, notably with regard to competition law. Another issue wich appears, by giving publishers control over their own distribution and by imposing a respect of strict impartiality on the part of the depository network on the treatment of the various papers and magazines, the law gave a particular tonality to the different contracts which make up the press distribution circuit. Qualified as a « mandat d'intérêt commun » by jurisprudence, these contracts, which seem rather merit to be regarded as « commission », are so closely linked that they institute a direct relationship between the contracting parties at the extremities, and can, in this sense, be considered as a veritable group of contracts
Casellas, Emmanuelle. "L'indépendance d'un journal." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10024.
Full textThe present thesis aims at determining the means a newspaper has to ensure its independance
Rabiller, Stéphanie. "Les restrictions administratives à la liberté de la presse face aux exigeances constitutionnelles et européennes." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU2002.
Full textGone is the day when it was up to the lumiere to enable the freedom of the press to radicate after times of oppression. Law, which was bom of the constitution and of international conventions, has taken over. Correlatively, those norms of superior authority hich contributa to perfect a law abiding state, compel us to enuciate administrative restrictions in such a way as to comply with certain requirements. The firts kind of requirement necessitating legislative intervention would be interference with the freedom of the press. A comprehensive law sould be foreseen to deal with these. It must be added moreover that interference souldn't be immoderate to the extent of preventing the protection of the freedom of the press from being consistent with the necessities of social life. Studying positive law permits one to observe that few instances of administrative interference effectively combine both competency rules and fundamental ones. It so happens that a common judge, confronted with such a situation of the law, stands as guarantee against the arbitrary. Such an attitude is nevertheless ambivalent indeed, substituting a close scrutiny of administrative restrictions to incomplete rules of competency contributes in maintaining in our collection of law attacks wich may endanger the freedom of the press and detract the general system of the rigths of the press
Chupin, Stéphane-Dimitri. "La protection de la vie personnelle délimitée par les frontières des sphères privée et publique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010286.
Full textDroin, Nathalie. "Les limitations à la liberté d'expression dans la loi sur la presse du 29 juillet 1881 : disparition, permanence et résurgence du délit d'opinion." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOD005.
Full textThe Press Law of July 29, 1881 is one of the major “liberal” achievements of the French Third Republic. It has been amended regularly since its enactment to adapt to the needs of society and it is supposed to guarantee the freedom of expression while at the same time imposing some limitations, as there is no absolute freedom. The limitations to the freedom of expression seem legitimate in a democracy as long as they do not constitute a crime of opinion i. E. Prohibit an opinion which is considered as evil by the government in power. The original intent of the 1881 law-makers was to repeal and ban that type of offence. The subsequent set of acts which created new violations of the press laws, have however revived the debate because numerous observers have seen in it the resurgence of crimes of opinion. These studies can neverterless be discussed and moderated. Crime of opinion have definitely disappeared from the Press Law in favour of the resolution of legal disputes sometimes by the conciliation of the rights in conflict (the freedom of expression with the protection of public order and the rights of others), sometimes by the neutralization of one of the rights in conflict (example of revisionist speech). However, the persistence and the resurgence of crimes of opinion has to be acknowledged. Indeed, it has never completely disappeared from the Press Law, be it in the original law of 1881 or in the subsequent amendments. The law-makers even seem to have been followed by the judges who tend to be tempted, through the particular implementation of some violations of the law (abuse of religious feelings, defamation), to reintroduce those offences that are quite incompatible with democratic ideals
Assomption, Sandra d'. "Le Contrôle du contenu des médias." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32070.
Full textNavet-Bouron, Françoise. "Censure et dessin de presse en France pendant la Grande Guerre." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010650.
Full textFrom the beginning of first world war until its end, french censorship had been asking for the removal of about 850 newspaper drawings. The outbreak of fighting led to the immediate application of preventive censorship by the authorities acting in common agreement with the journalists. But already after the first battles, the press reaffirmed its freedom of expression on political questions, while it continued to accept military and diplomatic informations being censured. About half of the removals requested by the censorship had been objected by the newspaper boards of directors. The existing laws permitted the government to confiscate papers. Their strict application would have led to at least 400 confiscations for the only reason that censured drawings had not been removed. Nevertheless during the whole wartime period this drastic measure was applied only to three papers that had not removed the censored drawings. Two other papers were threatened with serious sanctions, and another one was simply warned. The small number of severe sanctions taken against papers which did not remove censored press drawings suggests that freedom of press was maintained to a very large degree during the conflict, even if many papers suffered from the abuses and uncoherent application of censorship
Vocat, Christophe. "La censure des arts graphiques de 1881 à nos jours." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4028.
Full textThis thesis relates to the censure in the graphic arts, from the point of view of an evolution since the adoption of the law of 1881 on the freedom of the press until our days. The graphic arts are the drawings, posters, photographs, engravings. The cinema is excludes from this study. There are several forms of censure. The direct censure will relate to all measurements of administrative police force aiming at preventing the diffusion of the works of art graphic (title 1). The indirect censure will appear through the use of the criminal law (titre2). It is also necessary to take account of the new faces of the censure, with the alternative recourse to the civil law and the necessary adaptation to new technologies (title 3)
Delpech, David. "Les souscriptions de la liberté. Une renaissance de l'esprit républicain sous le Second Empire." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100125.
Full textUnder the Second Empire (1852-1870), public subscriptions in the press have been one of the means employed by the French Republicans to reorganize itself as a political force. They were also a way to fight in France, against the imperial power and, abroad, for the freedom of nations. Financing of election campaigns, public tributes, helping the needy, support of foreign insurrections, strikes, plots: these are some of the events that the Republicans have been undertaken through public subscriptions. Meanwhile, subscriptions have contributed to the political awakening of public opinion, the dissemination of republican values among the masses, and the emergence of class consciousness among the working class. In addition, through subscription lists published in the press, private citizens - all ages, both sexes - were able to participate democratically in political life at a time when freedoms appear very limited. Subscriptions have been essential to the revival of the republican spirit, from 1852 to 1870
Brocal, von Plauen Frédérique Jaillardon Édith. "Le droit à l'information en France la presse, le citoyen et le juge /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/brocal_f.
Full textChâton, Gwendal. "La liberté retrouvée : une histoire du libéralisme politique en France à travers les revues aroniennes "Contrepoint" et "Commentaire"." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1G007.
Full textThis thesis aims to reconstruct the neglected history of contemprary political liberalism in France by examining two liberal journals inspired by the work of Raymond Aron : Contrepoint and Commentaire. Employing a interdisciplinary approach that combines the history of ideas, historical research and the political sociology of intellectuals, we will identify three successive periods,or "moments", that define contemporary political liberalism. First, the moment of "marginalised liberalism" which streches from the Cold War to the aftermath of May 1968. Here we focus on the legacy of the post-war anti-communist journals (liberté de l'esprit, Le Contrat social, Preuves, and Est&Ouest), the formulation of Raymond Aron's political liberalism, the formation of a network of intellectuals which emerged from the latter's seminar, the reactions of Aron and his followers to the events of May 1968, and finally the birth, in May 1970, of Contrepoint, the first journal inspired by Aron. Secondly, a moment of "regenerated liberalism" follows the deployment of the singularly liberal Contepoint within an intellectual configuration that begins, in the mild-1970s, an anti-totalitarian transformation. This period ends with the sudden disappearance of the journal, at the very moment when the liberal critique was becoming more audible. However, in january 1978, the creation of another journal, Commentaire, nevertheless assures the persistence of the liberal perspective once offered by Contepoint. The founding of Commentaire marks the appearance of a third moment of "renovated liberalism", which stretches from the end of the 1970s to the fall of Communism. This period is characterized by the increasing institutionalization of a liberal presence within an intellectual configuration that has completed its anti-totalitarian transformation. With Raymond Aron, and without him after 1983, the Aronians continue their vigorous liberal commitment, albeit with some modifications following the collapse of the USSR. Through the image of "liberty regained", we seek to scrutinize two dimensions of the history of contemporary French political liberalism : on the one hand, the intellectual revival of politcal liberalism's forgotten legacy ; on the other hand, the evolution of the Aronian movement's position within the intellectual configuration
Nakamura, Tadashi. "Les transformations d'une entreprise de presse : Le Nouvel Observateur (1962-1995) : politique, société, culture." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0110.
Full textHow can the political news magazine reconcile journalistic practices and commercial growth ? The French newsmagazine Le Nouvel Observateur has continuously confronted the question since its foundation by Jean Daniel and Claude Perdriel in 1964. In terms of the total paid circulation in France, Le Nouvel Observateur has exceeded the other two major news magazine, L'Express and Le Point since 1995. In contrast, Le Nouvel Observateur is considered as a cultural and political magazine wich has opened its columns to both in-house and invited intellectual commentators. Based on the organizational analysis, this dissertation attempts to explore the transformations of Le Nouvel Observateur to understand how it achieved success both as an intellectual magazine and a publishing company. This study illustrates that the history of this company can be interpreted as a negotiation between business management and moral commitment, examining the question of "maintenance of political and economic independence" that Le Nouvel Observateur has claimed
Corroy, Laurence. "Prises de paroles des lycéens et des étudiants au XIXe siècle : émergence d'une presse spécifique." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030046.
Full textThe expression of the world vision is an issue for the back of history in the 19th first appear. In fact, under the Restauration then the July monarchy, the newspapers from the French National Library expressed the desire of the young even though the government and the educational establishment refuse to recognize them. Despite the obstacles they faced an unceasing censorship students newspapers developed - the 1881 freedom of the press law indeed encouraged this development. This press thought to develop links between grammar school and university students and abroad. This press analysed students representations of the world in which they lived - the everyday familiar world of working people and of feminine domestic help; it also shades light on bourgeois society and its triumphant rhetoric. The established press did not always look favourably on these mass pieces of the young : the uncouth dynamism of the young disturbed the journalists of the established press who considered that they did not sufficient respect to their elders
Beard, Morgan. "La Satire Politique et la Liberte de la Presse au 19e Siecle (Political Satire and Freedom of the Press in 19th Century France)." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556290778710013.
Full textSchwarz, Francis. "Les sociétés de rédacteurs en France : actions et pensées d'un mouvement démocratique pour la presse quotidienne (des origines à nos jours)." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30024.
Full textMore than any other citizen, the journalist is concerned with freedom. He holds certain keys to liberty and his social responsabilites are paramount in a democracy. The hypothesis that we tried to prove in this thesis is that freedom of press and the public right to information - in order to be defended and consolidated - need to be truly assumed by professionals. These professionals are the teams of newsmen and the journalist'societies. We must cleary define their role, gal, funtiun, social mission as well as their obligation, duty and responsability. Is this work - which has been achieved thanks to the help of leaders of the federation francaise des soietes de journalistes we bring elements that tend, inparticular, to demonstrate the following, it is urgent to create a statute for the press and a code for an efficient deontology since the journalists are highly relying on the power of money, i. E. , the market economy
Reymond, Adrien. "Zola et le droit public d'après son Excellence Eugène Rougon." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020033.
Full textThe purpose of this research work is to study the political and legal thought of Zola in Son Excellence Eugène Rougon and to understand to what extent the author can be considered as a historian of law.This sixth novel of the cycle Les Rougon Macquart, hardly seems to have been studied that from a literary or purely historic point of view. Yet, by opening for the first time this novel, the jurist is surprised hearing the writer to speak to him so well notions and institutions which he knows. He notices while the naturalistic literature of the writer makes relive with a big perspicacity the Second Empire, fundamental time in the history of institutions, administrative law and public liberties.The novelist so reconstitutes under the eyes two trials in front of the Council of State, at the very moment when the « recours pour excès de pouvoir » is growing and the « ministre juge » theory, in decline. Also, about thirty years before the works of Moisei Ostrogorski, the Rougon’s« bande » appears, as a « political party » before the term existed and allows Zola - in the course of its descriptions - to show its fine qualities of political analyst.As for the public liberties (the freedom of the media in particular), they will not escape the acerbic criticism of a republican writer.These criticisms - which let for a long time think that Zola was the privileged author of the « légende noire du Second Empire » - are in reality, more subtle than it countered there.The clear-sightedness of the man of letters allows so more than ever to light the man of right avid to understand its own univers
Gvelesiani, Anna. ""Le combat pour une parole libre" : la sémantique de la liberté de la presse et la censure dans les débats français et allemands autour de Charlie Hebdo (2015-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL057.pdf.
Full textFollowing the attacks on the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo on January 7th 2015 by two self-pro- claimed Islamist assassins, debates about freedom of press and censorship emerged in the French and German media. Linked to these debates were discussions on solidarity and social affiliation to a national and European level. Using linguistic discourse analysis, this work examines a corpus of texts from each of the five highest-circu- lation print media in France and Germany and contrastively explores the two terms in public debates from 2015 to 2017. The study begins with the premise that freedom of press is a foundation of Western European societies that stands in a long historical context. In Germany and France, the debates on freedom of press and censorship show dimensions of historical continuities and caesurae, especially since the Enlightenment pe- riod: in the course of the establishment of an enlightened canon of values, freedom of press became a central demand of progressive agents and censorship a characteristic of varied forms of oppression. This is an oppo- sition which - in a more differentiated form - has survived until today. The analysis reveals this dimension by integrating the debates into their historical semantics. The results show that in the debates, cognitive maps were constructed on the basis of this opposition and translated into political action. The terms freedom of press and censorship thus became a benchmark of European affiliation, the events in January 2015 served as a vehicle through which were constructed in- and outgroups
Legouge, Patricia. "Démocratie sexuelle, sexualité et rapports sociaux : les représentations de la sexualité dans la presse." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069680.
Full textBocquenet, Bernard. "La Censure sous Vichy en Béarn 1940-1944." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1029/document.
Full textFollowing the declaration of war in September 1939, censorship is reestablished under the control of military forces to prevent people from criticizing the government’s policy and to regulate the communication of military information. Censorship offices settle down in Pau and check the departmental press. After the armistice is signed, censorship falls into the hands of civilians and forms itself under a regional organization which depends on the central censorship office in Vichy. In November 1941, when Henri Peyre is nominated in Pau, measures to monitor the press are strengthened. There are increasing numbers of conflicts involving the three daily newspapers: Le Patriote, l'Indépendant and France Pyrénées. The censor transforms his services into a propaganda and informing outlet. He closely monitors the public and cultural life with great zeal. After the liberation, newspapers in Pau stand trial and disappear. The censor, in turn, is sentenced to ten years of forced labour
Al, Fili Muhammad. "La liberté de la presse au Koweit." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN0021.
Full textThe press in kuwait is considered as an influential means of information. Furthermore, the kuwaiti press is succesfull. Indeed, it's well spead at the regional scale. On the one hand, the present these presents the historical background of this press. On the other hand it examines it within its political and juridical limits. And at last, it tries to understand the situation of such a bind of press. It tries in this way to explain the positions of the activity of journalism, of publication and journalists
Jean-Baptiste, Fabienne. "Feuilletons et Histoire. Idées et opinions des élites de Bourbon et de Maurice dans la presse de 1817 à 1848." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634385.
Full textMarino, Laure. "Responsabilité civile et activité d'information." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10041.
Full textIn a dualistic analysis using juridical categories, information is apprehended as a value (porperty right) and as an activity (obligations right). In this second prospect, information activity, breaking up in two stages (intellectual creation and diffusion), is capable of instituting the liability of the different intermediates. The study of the action in liability (interest to act and basis of claim( and of the compensation right (through conditions and effects of liability), allows to see how a special condition that the fundamental fact is distinct of an infringement, it allows to avoid the contraining rules of penal procedure and to extend the incriminating field. The product liability directive (july 1985) must be excluded ; on the contrary, contractual and tort liability must be treated. In both cases, duties are mainly jurisprudential based and practically comparable. The duty of objectivity (devoir d'objectivite) and the duty of respect of other people'rights (devoir de respect des droits d'autrui) are the two ways to considering the matter. The duty of objectivity is a professional typed duty of means (devoir de moyens) common to all informations. When the informations ae personal, duty of respect of personality rights (droits de la personnalite), duty with results (devoir de resultat), completes it. The fault is then a violation of one of these duties. The compensable damage must be directly caused by the fact and injustified. The justificating facts are explained themselves by the victim's assent or by the position of the instigator who acts within the framework of a freedom of information. The compensation of the damage, often moral, is not easy; the private penalty must be rejected
Sanon, Victor. "La liberté de presse dans les nouvelles démocraties d'Afrique de l'Ouest sahélienne : enjeux et limites (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger)." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30004.
Full textVolponi, Audrey. "La presse et la vie publique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32010.
Full textThe sphere of the private life is in constant confrontation with the sphere of the public life of the person, the limit trying to separate these two spheres, inherent with the the individual does not cease fluctuating. To the right of the respect of the private life of the person is opposed the right to information of the citizen. Being based primarily on the decisions of the European Court of the humans right, French jurisprudence devotes a true civil right to information. In France, the press, legally and juridically very framed, sees its possibility of widened informative action when the data elements of which it must return account concern the public life of the city. However, the respect of the rights of the person, public or not, always borders the freedom of the press. It then rests to the judges to take care of the respect of balance between the rights of these two parts while taking of account the evolution of the company
Ferchiche, Nassima. "La liberté de la presse écrite dans l'ordre juridique algérien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32087.
Full textEsta tesis de derecho público se propone estudiar la libertad de la prensa escrita en el orden jurídico argelino. Se trat de buscar el sentido, el valor y el alcance de la libertad de la prensa entendida como norma jurídica peculiar, el orden jurídico argelino. La efectividad de esta libertad en un país en transición democrática hacia el Estado de derecho debe servir de prisma a la evaluación del estado de progreso del proceso democrático en Argelia. Llevada a cabo desde el ángulo del derecho constitucional argelino y del derecho internacional y no desde la perspectiva del derecho de los media, se trata más bien de examinar la manera con la cual la libertad de la prensa está consagrada y garantizada que de analizar el derecho de los media en Argelia aunque estos dos ejes quedan profundamente vinvulados. El establecimiento de una descripción crítica y profundizada de la libertad de la prensa era necesario. Requiere un análisis jurídico con un estadio de los textos relativos a la prensa y a los periodistas para comprender los límites del derecho de la información y del derecho a la información en la prensa argelina, con una perspectiva histórica y comparativa. En definitivo, la consagración formal de la libertad de la prensa en Argelia no corresponde a una garantía efectiva
This public law thesis deals with the freedom of written press in the Algerian legal system. This research aims at finding the meaning, the legal value and the legal effects given to the freedom of press as a normative principle for the Algerian legal order. The degree of legal guarantee under which freedom of press is placed is a tool revealing the reality of democracy in Algeria. This thesis mostly resorts to Algerian constitutional law and international law, but not to media law. The objective was indeed to evaluate what was the rank given to the freedom of press in Algerian legal hierarchy and ti determine how it was enforced, which did not require an in depth analysis of media law even if some incursions were sometimes necessary. This work results to a solid state of art concerning freedom of press, which was cruelly missing. In order to reach that goal, an extended analysis of the legal dispositions concerning press and journalists was conducted so as to draw the limits of the limits of the right of information and the right to information in the Algerian press, with a historical and comparative perspective. Considering all this elements, we reached the conclusion that if the freedom of press is indeed be given the highest legal rank possible in the Algerian legal system, this enforcement of the principle is suffering from a lack of political will and legal means, which prevents it to obtain a real effectiveness in practice
Anderson-Dupéré, Mélanie. "La liberté de la presse au Royaume-Uni depuis 1998." Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030025.
Full textThe period since 1998 is comprised of many paradoxes for the freedom of the press in the United Kingdom: some progress has been made but new hurdles have arisen. The newspaper industry’s credibility as a public interest medium is dependent on its ability to hold governments and other societal actors to account for their actions. This means that the press has a duty to communicate reliable information and pay due respect to journalistic ethics. Yet there are tensions between the commercial logic and the defence of the public interest. The inability of the self-regulatory system to put a stop to malpractice and the impact of the press economy’s progressive deregulation on the plurality of voices are points of contention. References to a “crisis” of the press abound within the various discourses, against a background of a lack of human and material resources being devoted to investigative journalism. The position granted to journalistic practice has changed since 1998, due to the recognition of the freedom of expression as a qualified positive right. However, the press is subject to curbs and pressures in relation to economic structures. Furthermore, it has to deal with measures involving prepublication censorship and self-censorship as well as the risks in relation to the seizure of journalistic material and the disclosure of sources. In the digital age, the ability of the press to practise freely has been shaken by developments in the United Kingdom’s anti-terrorist strategy and mass surveillance. Against this background of economic, political and technological changes, some elements of the traditional press have been capable of adapting, reinventing and reaffirming their legitimacy. This has resulted in new paradigms of cooperation such as transnational project partnerships. By going beyond the interests of competing publications, these partnerships are making it possible to deal with large-scale matters in the public interest
Rousseau, Marie-Hélène. "Les réformes démocratiques et la liberté de presse au Myanmar." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8196.
Full textBarrios, Ruben. "L'Autonomie de la télévision et la liberté de l'information." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040085.
Full textJuen, Philippe. "La liberté de manifestation." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO2A019.
Full textGardère, Anne. "Coopération intercommunale et liberté communale." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_gardere_a.pdf.
Full textFrench territorial administration is characterized by a very important number of villages, towns, cities. In order to forestall or to remedy the disadvantages résulting of more than 36 000 of them, french governement has chosen to promote not the merger (rejected by local authorities in the 70's) but the cooperation between these towns and cities. This goal has been reached thanks to special local institutions, named "communities", which have been enforced since 1999. They can be created freely by towns and cities themselves, but can also be imposed on them. They now get their own organization, taxes and almost specific missions, which were originally those of the traditional towns and cities. They are now very powerful and reduce traditional towns and cities autonomy. However, communities should also entail positive evolution for local administration and improve it, maybe by the removal of some of traditional villages or towns
Aissi, Doucis. "La liberté de la presse en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone. Étude comparée dans quatre pays (Bénin, Côte d’Ivoire, Sénégal et Togo) entre 2001 et 2010." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0001.
Full textFreedom of the press is all opportunities for citizens of a country to have an opinion and expressit freely across media platforms. In Africa, new constitutions promulgated in early 1990,following popular uprisings, guarantee individual and political freedoms. But in reality, freedom of the press, which remains the main gauge of a credible democracy is far from complete.The present study intended to investigate the factors that can better guarantee the freedom of thepress in Francophone West Africa. It took three points of comparison for assessing the fourcountries, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo. The first parameter, the legal environment, itwas found that moderns legislations in Francophone African countries is modeled on the Frenchmodel. Also, the rights and benefits granted to key journalists in France by the Act of 29 July1881 on the freedom of the press are they stated in the laws governing the press in Benin, Côted'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo. The second title is devoted to the economic realities of the press andto conclude that in all four countries, journalists working in precarious conditions that do notguarantee their independence from the information.Finally in the third part of the study showed that the relationship between the press and politicalpower are decisive in respect of the freedom of the press
Mahouachi, Mohamed. "La liberté contractuelle des collectivités territoriales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32082.
Full textContractual liberty is a notion of private law that has known a huge success troughout the nineteenth century. The doctrine of private law has always been strongly associated to contractual liberty of citizens, while the doctrine of public law has always left it aside. The latter focused on the study of the unilateral administrative act, considering the contract as a secondary legal act. Yet, the regions with a measure od autonomy as well as the citizens both enjoy contractual liberty according to article 72 of the French Constitution. Thus they can cite this genuine fundamental liberty, which compels the legislator to acknowledge and respect an indomitable part of liberty. As the act of the regions with a measure of autonomy is completed, so is its contractual liberty, and the latter must only be concerned with the satifaction of the local general interest. .
Danciu, Sorin. "La presse locale roumaine de l'asservissement à la liberté : le cas de la presse dans le département de Calarasi." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20023.
Full textThe results of this research highlight the changes of the Rumanian local press post-Communist. By considering the polemics appeared in the local process of identity construction of the profession, as well as the attitudes and the decisions specific to the practices of the journalistic profession, this work fits in the field of the studies on the professional representations, the relations with the public and to the political, economic and social actors, on the strategies of image whose the exercise of Rumanian journalism in the fifteen last years
Bacchetta, Clara. "La liberté d'expression professionnelle des militaires." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131034.
Full textJeanvoine, Elizabeth. "Liberté corporelle et nécessités sociales." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN20004.
Full textPersonal corporal freedom had considerably evolved under the influence of biology and medicine, which have made great strides. Rules of self-determination are changing. The traditional control of the judicial system emanating of political power is progressively supplanted by a control system emanating of scientific and medical authorities. Therefore, justifications to set bounds to self-determination are different
Koumba, Emmanuel-Thierry. "Presse écrite et engagement politique au Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30023.
Full textThe political engagement of the gabonese press poses a real and twofold problem. To begin with, the sociopolitical change that gabon has experienced since 1990 has complicated matters. Then, the association of political parties with the press means that newspapers still lack true personal perspective; while one of the main objectives of the media remains to inform, in an independant manner, the public. If this reality has favoured the emergence (in great numbers at times) of the press as a witness to the present situation of a new multiparty democratic gabon, it is still far from the democratization of the press. With the help of technics in the information sciences and in communication, in a multidisciplinary perspectif; but also thanks to first hand observation in gabon, this thesis examines in detail the conditions of development of the gabonese press since 1990. It is divided into three sections. In the first section, this study looks at the problem of the organisation of the press and its functionning in a context marked by the impact of radio and television. In the second section, it analyses the layout and content in newpapers. Thus, if the sociopolitical sturring has favoured a certain liberalism in the regime of president bongo, it is also the opportunity for the gabonese press to propose new, rich and varied ideas to its ever more demanding conscientious readers. The third section offers an analysis of the relations between the different social and political actors, readers, (public) opinion and the press. Finally, while recognizing the strngths and weaknesses of the gabonese press, this study puts forth new suggestions for a real press of the future
Godet, Amandine. "Pour une sociologie du journalisme : analyse de l'éthique et des valeurs communicationnelles du journalisme de presse écrite." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1007.
Full textMy research is concerned with the question of the values of journalists ans is intituled: A sociology of journalism, analysis of ethics and communication values of the written press. This subject which is essentially based in the sociology of the media and communication, although the various points covered in this study are also based in the sociology of organisations and professions. The treatment of such a subject therefore calls for an investigation into the journalistic field from a sociological point of view. The subject also raiss the problem of the communication of information in general, be it between the various media, between the journalists and the compagny which employs them or between the media and the people for whom the information is intended. This thesis considers the suggeston that the journalistic field is one in which different values are confronted with one another on different levels; values concerning the individual practices of the journalists and values concerning the media as organisations. Jounalists would therefore seem to be under the influence of several different factors, a personnal value system and a more implicit system of values which is forced upon them by the demands and aims of their employer. Through investigation or professionnal introspection, it should be possible to understand the different value systems which drive the behavior and practices of this social group: journalists. It should also be possible to shed light on the way in which this set of norms affects the communication of information. If the poursuit of their profession presupposes that journalists are subject to antagonistic values, how credible and legitimate can the information they provide really be? Thus we can see that communication depends largely on the system of interpersonal values within the media organisation. The object of my research also implies that we take into account professional ethics. The study of journalists'values calls for reflexion on ethical principles of journalism, of the profession itself and of the way in which they have been forged by information professionals throughout history. This also requires an examination of the way in which this set of principles has been viewed by the journalists themselves in relation to their professional code of conduct
Monge, Luz. "La liberté de procréer : pouvoir de la femme." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020064.
Full textJosende, Lauriane. "Liberté d'expression et démocratie : réflexion sur un paradoxe." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10059.
Full textThe Constitutional Council asserts the specific nature of the freedom of speech, while this right is being highly limited. We have to understand constitutional law as a discourse allowing to structure and legitimate specifically this type of social organization. However, liberal democracy suffers from the opposition between two logics -constituant but nevertheless contradictory- which were in charge of its advent. The individualism justifying it is confronted with the necessity to maintain a stable sociopolitical order. We have to consider this right as the incarnation of a fundamental value of the classic liberal ideology when presented as superior, and as a concrete construction of the democratic system when it appears highly limited. These two dimensions are closely linked and complementary. This freedom is an individual and social right which depends on fundamental dialectics of modern law lying in the opposition between the premises of liberal philosophy and the requirements of the construction of democracy
Watelet, Jean. "La presse illustrée en France, 1814-1914 /." Paris : J. Watelet, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370659577.
Full textWatelet, Jean. "La presse illustrée en France : 1814-1914." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020003.
Full textThe illustrated press originates late in the 18 th century in fashion magazines, some of which contain few information regarding the news. Un der the french revolution, a few periodicals display images engraved out of brass or wood and representing the events of the time. From the french restauration (1815) on, the beginnings of the illustrated press appear in satirical newspapers. In 1843, in the wake of the british press, l'illustration is the first french weekly news magazine. Under napoleon iii and the "golden age" of the illustrated press, images cover as much as a quarter of the most famous weeklies and are designed either with a scientific precision when featuring portraits, landscapes or monuments, or with a most imaginative expression when featuring events. Late in the 19th century, except for dailies, nearly all periodicals are illustrated. Technics have also improved. Press photography dates back in the 1880s. It will substitute for old engraving techniques and turn to colour films in the early 1900s. Yet, in 1895, no one can imagine that movie films, a technical device first considered as futureless, are going to anihilate news illustration while nearly the whole press has then become illustrated
Boutouba, Nadia. "La liberté de religion : Perspectives comparées France-Canada." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD033/document.
Full textIn France and in Canada, freedom of religious beliefs constitutes a freedom of first rank protected by many texts. If France registered in its Constitution the principle of secularity of the Republic, on the other hand, in Canada the constitutional law does not recognize it but the Canadian State rests out of religious matter on the principle of neutrality. The work of thesis will consist in comparing the French and Canadian decisions in particular in order to distinguish the reasoning which underlies each approach and to thus better understand their operation in particular with regard to the principles of neutrality (Canada and of secularity France) and their consequences on the legal management of the religious claims
Gabrielli, Virginie. "Le droit de l'urbanisme et la liberté religieuse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0064.
Full textDagher, Elie. "Volonté et liberté dans les contrats." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30003.
Full textThe liberty, recognized to individuals to make contractual obligations, is today subject to restrictions of which the number and importance have not ceased to increase. The economic and social evolution of french society has change the traditional appearance of the contract, and the private relations, under the influence of interventionist conceptions, have become an arena open to action by the legislator. This situation has allowed foreign elements to penetrate the consent of the parties concerned. Nevertheless, the development of contractual relations and substantive law has led the jurists to reconsider the exact impact of the individual's will in the contract. In this manner, the new doctrines, having a tendency to efface the final traces of voluntarism in the conception of the contract, have seen their day. These doctrines however have not been adopted by substantive law. This reality implies a need for research towards a new concept of the contract. A new reading of the civil code of 1804, free of all autonomist prejudice, shows that the editors of the code did not call for free will as a foundation to the contract. One can then conceive a theory of the contract built solely on the principle of an accord between the wills, restrictions in nature or not, of the contracting parties
Morneau, Richard. "La liberté de la presse: La protection des sources d'information et du matériel journalistique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5748.
Full textBeauchamps, Anne. "Des garanties aux atteintes à la liberté individuelle." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0049.
Full textThe most fundamental aspect of freedom is the safety right. The coercive mesure must be forecast by the law and have to be accompanied by a decision of a tribunal. However, in many cases a government official, the Prefect, can decide to detain someone. The preservation of public order can justify this faculty but the legislator have to regulate the conflict of two opposite interests. Many garantees must preserve the dignity of a personn and prevent from the arbitrary detention. Two ways have to be followed : on the one hand, a new and best application of rights, on the other hand, a much improved judicial review
Jobert, Timothée. "Presse "blanche", champions "noirs" : les champions "noirs" au miroir de la presse sportive française (1901-1944)." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10231.
Full textSeck, Sellé. "La responsabilité pénale du journaliste et les délits de presse au Sénégal : une contribution à l'effectivité de la liberté de la presse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1047.
Full textSenegalese Constitution dated 22th January 2001 clearly provides that the country guarantees the freedom of the press and the right to multi-sourced information. And yet the Senegalese journalist remains subject to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in the repressive surge of the 1960’s.The local Criminal law which paradoxically includes French special 29th July 1881 Act on the freedom of the press seems outdated and overtaken by the evolution of the Senegalese democracy and the people’s yearning for development and social progress. The journalistic activity potentially brings forth offences. The journalist may take too much advantage of the freedom of the press violating thereby the law and his own deontology. Criminal law justice must therefore be applicable to them. However this must not conceal the law-maker‘s necessity to safeguard the freedom of the press. To that end it is necessary to set up a special legislation free from the Criminal Code and from the Code of Criminal Procedure. This is a necessity though insufficient. The predictability of the law applicable to the criminal liability of the journalist, the independence of the applying judges and the non-interference of the political power in the journalist’s freedom of speech are prerequisites to the repression of the abuses of the freedom of the press. Our present thesis aims on the one hand to diagnose the criminal liability regime of the Senegalese journalist and also to prove the inadequacy of the criminal law with its legal liability. We will then suggest a particular criminal liability system more respectful of the freedom of the press