Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Liberté de la presse – Gabon'
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Koumba, Emmanuel-Thierry. "Presse écrite et engagement politique au Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30023.
Full textThe political engagement of the gabonese press poses a real and twofold problem. To begin with, the sociopolitical change that gabon has experienced since 1990 has complicated matters. Then, the association of political parties with the press means that newspapers still lack true personal perspective; while one of the main objectives of the media remains to inform, in an independant manner, the public. If this reality has favoured the emergence (in great numbers at times) of the press as a witness to the present situation of a new multiparty democratic gabon, it is still far from the democratization of the press. With the help of technics in the information sciences and in communication, in a multidisciplinary perspectif; but also thanks to first hand observation in gabon, this thesis examines in detail the conditions of development of the gabonese press since 1990. It is divided into three sections. In the first section, this study looks at the problem of the organisation of the press and its functionning in a context marked by the impact of radio and television. In the second section, it analyses the layout and content in newpapers. Thus, if the sociopolitical sturring has favoured a certain liberalism in the regime of president bongo, it is also the opportunity for the gabonese press to propose new, rich and varied ideas to its ever more demanding conscientious readers. The third section offers an analysis of the relations between the different social and political actors, readers, (public) opinion and the press. Finally, while recognizing the strngths and weaknesses of the gabonese press, this study puts forth new suggestions for a real press of the future
Bedda, Mohamed Moncef. "Le cyberjournalisme en Tunisie (1998-2002)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30027.
Full textCyber journalism is a rather recent discipline. In the opinion of numerous specialists, it is still not well defined. In Tunisia, it is almost absent in spite of the colossal investments in the field of Technologies of Information and Communication. Certainly, on-line newspapers exist, but these are generally versions of the paper newspapers. The resources of the TIC, in multimedia, interactivity, spontaneity, updating are not used enough. There is on the other hand the web has been flooded by Internet users opposed to President Ben Ali's regime. For lack of an appropriate legal framework, the cyber journalist possesses neither status nor specific salary. This deficit is due to the crisis situation in the information sector finds itself, marked by censorship, auto censorship and a quasi-total absence of freedom of expression. The control and the locking of sites belonging to the opponents of the regime contributed to the growth of a two speed society, overdeveloped technologically, but atrophied concerning the applications involving the information sector
Al, Fili Muhammad. "La liberté de la presse au Koweit." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN0021.
Full textThe press in kuwait is considered as an influential means of information. Furthermore, the kuwaiti press is succesfull. Indeed, it's well spead at the regional scale. On the one hand, the present these presents the historical background of this press. On the other hand it examines it within its political and juridical limits. And at last, it tries to understand the situation of such a bind of press. It tries in this way to explain the positions of the activity of journalism, of publication and journalists
Moucketou-Moucketou, Olivier. "L'information internationale dans la presse francophone d'Afrique : Gabon-Cameroun, 1990-1996 : essai de comprehension des messages des agences." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30063.
Full textThe author of this thesis, who started his work in 1993 and attended his viva on december 12th 1997, intends to analyse the treatment of international news in the french-speaking press of africa. His research focuses on two countries, gabon and cameroon. In order to carry out such a task, the author made up a sample with six newspapers representative of the media in both countries : (l'union, la relance, la cle, gabon libre) for gabon ; (cameroon tribune and le messager) for cameroon. The first part deals with the conditions of production. This study proves that people, in the gabonese and the cameroonian press industry, work in a hard universe (as far as the public media are concerned), and even sometimes in miserable conditions (as far as the private media are concerned). The second part, whit analyses the content of newspapers, reveals a sharp abundance of national news compared to international. Such a lack of international content can be connected to three factors : first, some newspapers consider coverage of national events to be the most important thing; second, most people are illiterate, which reduces the number of readers ; third, the national press agencies haven't got room for manoeuvre because of the monopoly of both france-press agency and reuter. Each of those news agencies competes with each other at the international level and has a near impregnable sphere of influence in africa ; the fpa rules over news reporting of french-speaking countries, whereas reuter takes charge of english-speaking countries. This monopolistic situation often prevents national news agencies from signing new contracts of subscription with other international news agencies. Before making suggestions that might improve the results of both gabonese and cameroonian papers, the author stresses the importance of the role of african intellectuels in order to reach many objectives. Besides, he appeals to western intellectuals who seem to him to be the most reliable partners for tomorrow's africa
Ndong, Ngoua Anaclet. "Vers le pluralisme de la presse en Afrique noire francophone : le cas du Gabon." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020105.
Full textRevel-Ménard, Estelle de. "Le groupe de presse et la liberté de l'information." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32018.
Full textThe liberty of press is fundamental. Applied to the press publication, it concerns the liberty of press, that is to say the issues, press agency and journalist but also the liberty of the receiver overlaing the right of people to be informed. It is protected by rules aiming to correct the barreful effects of the liberalism of economy. In spite of the rules, the information liberty remains vulnerable when a group controls the press. The juridical regulation specific to the press agency run its efficiency as they badly resist the hold of control and concentrations. Likewise the protection given to the journalist of the publication concerning their conscience, their independance and even their author rights is not safeguarded faced with a group. The press group is indeed a disturbing element of the regulation instituted by the legislator for protecting the liberty of information. However, dangers must not be exaggerated. Concentration is often a necessity offering to press publications ongoing and development
Sanon, Victor. "La liberté de presse dans les nouvelles démocraties d'Afrique de l'Ouest sahélienne : enjeux et limites (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger)." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30004.
Full textVolponi, Audrey. "La presse et la vie publique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32010.
Full textThe sphere of the private life is in constant confrontation with the sphere of the public life of the person, the limit trying to separate these two spheres, inherent with the the individual does not cease fluctuating. To the right of the respect of the private life of the person is opposed the right to information of the citizen. Being based primarily on the decisions of the European Court of the humans right, French jurisprudence devotes a true civil right to information. In France, the press, legally and juridically very framed, sees its possibility of widened informative action when the data elements of which it must return account concern the public life of the city. However, the respect of the rights of the person, public or not, always borders the freedom of the press. It then rests to the judges to take care of the respect of balance between the rights of these two parts while taking of account the evolution of the company
Ferchiche, Nassima. "La liberté de la presse écrite dans l'ordre juridique algérien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32087.
Full textEsta tesis de derecho público se propone estudiar la libertad de la prensa escrita en el orden jurídico argelino. Se trat de buscar el sentido, el valor y el alcance de la libertad de la prensa entendida como norma jurídica peculiar, el orden jurídico argelino. La efectividad de esta libertad en un país en transición democrática hacia el Estado de derecho debe servir de prisma a la evaluación del estado de progreso del proceso democrático en Argelia. Llevada a cabo desde el ángulo del derecho constitucional argelino y del derecho internacional y no desde la perspectiva del derecho de los media, se trata más bien de examinar la manera con la cual la libertad de la prensa está consagrada y garantizada que de analizar el derecho de los media en Argelia aunque estos dos ejes quedan profundamente vinvulados. El establecimiento de una descripción crítica y profundizada de la libertad de la prensa era necesario. Requiere un análisis jurídico con un estadio de los textos relativos a la prensa y a los periodistas para comprender los límites del derecho de la información y del derecho a la información en la prensa argelina, con una perspectiva histórica y comparativa. En definitivo, la consagración formal de la libertad de la prensa en Argelia no corresponde a una garantía efectiva
This public law thesis deals with the freedom of written press in the Algerian legal system. This research aims at finding the meaning, the legal value and the legal effects given to the freedom of press as a normative principle for the Algerian legal order. The degree of legal guarantee under which freedom of press is placed is a tool revealing the reality of democracy in Algeria. This thesis mostly resorts to Algerian constitutional law and international law, but not to media law. The objective was indeed to evaluate what was the rank given to the freedom of press in Algerian legal hierarchy and ti determine how it was enforced, which did not require an in depth analysis of media law even if some incursions were sometimes necessary. This work results to a solid state of art concerning freedom of press, which was cruelly missing. In order to reach that goal, an extended analysis of the legal dispositions concerning press and journalists was conducted so as to draw the limits of the limits of the right of information and the right to information in the Algerian press, with a historical and comparative perspective. Considering all this elements, we reached the conclusion that if the freedom of press is indeed be given the highest legal rank possible in the Algerian legal system, this enforcement of the principle is suffering from a lack of political will and legal means, which prevents it to obtain a real effectiveness in practice
Anderson-Dupéré, Mélanie. "La liberté de la presse au Royaume-Uni depuis 1998." Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030025.
Full textThe period since 1998 is comprised of many paradoxes for the freedom of the press in the United Kingdom: some progress has been made but new hurdles have arisen. The newspaper industry’s credibility as a public interest medium is dependent on its ability to hold governments and other societal actors to account for their actions. This means that the press has a duty to communicate reliable information and pay due respect to journalistic ethics. Yet there are tensions between the commercial logic and the defence of the public interest. The inability of the self-regulatory system to put a stop to malpractice and the impact of the press economy’s progressive deregulation on the plurality of voices are points of contention. References to a “crisis” of the press abound within the various discourses, against a background of a lack of human and material resources being devoted to investigative journalism. The position granted to journalistic practice has changed since 1998, due to the recognition of the freedom of expression as a qualified positive right. However, the press is subject to curbs and pressures in relation to economic structures. Furthermore, it has to deal with measures involving prepublication censorship and self-censorship as well as the risks in relation to the seizure of journalistic material and the disclosure of sources. In the digital age, the ability of the press to practise freely has been shaken by developments in the United Kingdom’s anti-terrorist strategy and mass surveillance. Against this background of economic, political and technological changes, some elements of the traditional press have been capable of adapting, reinventing and reaffirming their legitimacy. This has resulted in new paradigms of cooperation such as transnational project partnerships. By going beyond the interests of competing publications, these partnerships are making it possible to deal with large-scale matters in the public interest
Rousseau, Marie-Hélène. "Les réformes démocratiques et la liberté de presse au Myanmar." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8196.
Full textBarrios, Ruben. "L'Autonomie de la télévision et la liberté de l'information." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040085.
Full textNdzedi, Francis. "De la liberté de l'enseignant gabonais au secondaire : pour une éthique de la responsabilité en milieu scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31525.
Full textGabon, Gabonese Republic in long form, is a country in Central Africa bathed by the Atlantic Ocean, whose population is estimated at 1.98 million inhabitants for an area of 267 667 Km2. Former colony of the France, he inherits an education system any, or even imposed. The crisis of the Gabonese school cannot be pointed the finger without mentioning this controversial legacy. It is undoubtedly rooted in a meeting of the rationalities (Biveghe Taylor, 2007). It is the result of a conflict in the traditionalism (Towa, 1982). It is a rivalry between a school without walls (Ki-Zerbo, 1990) and a Christian and Republican. Also, without denying the relevance of an opening to the world, the Gabonese school would perform a relevant sort: tap its resources in the French school in pre-colonial education. The crisis of the Gabonese education system command rather axiological some refocusing. Beyond the instrumental responses, a genealogy of evil itself. We'll not pretend to prescribe a panacea to ill-being of the Gabonese school. We want only to direct reflection to concerns that absolutely take into account ethical vision of the school. The general orientation of education should obey a priority requirement to take account of human relations of justice and equality, beyond a purely economic aspect of development. This is our doctoral research invited to ask the debate about the crisis of the Gabonese educational system from the ethical dimension of the teaching profession. A quality educational system necessarily involves men and women of quality. We leave a review of the freedom of the Gabonese teacher in high school in a perspective of guest to an ethic of responsibility in school. Compliance with regulations is not everything. Professionalism in teaching more involved the need to take into account the unexpected as one of the essential characteristics of the educational Act. A teacher should always be able to engage in the action as a responsible being in a situation, in the sense of Jean-Paul Sartre that we convene in this thesis. However, such responsibility should especially be supported by relationship to others, such as Emmanuel Levinas, what we also call here. The professional relationship of the teacher with students becomes secondary to their responsibility towards them. The ethics of responsibility in schools we recommend should support, or even to frame this responsibility for the student. She is a professional commitment that we will discuss. In fact, she has a logic of justification for his actions in the light of certain values and duties related to professional practice. Also, the ethical framework of the teacher Gabonese that we propose should accompany such a risk of freedom. It is a framework that should ultimately help teachers to pay more attention...
Okanga, Souna Landry. "Le statut des médias au Gabon." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32043.
Full textThe study of gabonese broadcasting, television and press accentuates the close links between media and politics. Though, for a long time, radio and television were considered by the leaders as instruments of power, justifying the existence of state monopoly. This one was maintened until the end of eighties by law nʿ 4/89 of july, 6th 1989, determining the legal system of broadcasting and television in Gabon. The democratic wave that spread over French Africa in the early nineties didn't spare Gabon. Indeed, the political evolution towards multipartism thanks to the National Conference (Libreville, march 27th - april 21st 1990) was accompanied by an undeniable media pluralism. Beside the traditional public sector, a private one grew. Press, governed in the past by law nʿ 84/59 of January, 5th 1960, about freedom of the press ant thought was even touched by those changes. For the moment, many papers - thirty or so - were created. This quest for freedom was especially translated into will of redefine the communication laws. Therefore, the edict nʿ 7/93 of October, 1st 1993 about audiovisual, press and film communication was adopted. In the same way, the Constitution of march 26th, 1991 modified assert once again and establish the fundamentals principles of freedom of thought, expression and communication. It also establishes a regulatory authority of media (the National Council of Communication) and a constitutional Court, both in charge of assuring and looking after pluralism in press and audiovisual communication, which pluralism has a constitutional value
Brocal, von Plauen Frédérique. "Le droit à l'information en France : la presse, le citoyen et le juge." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/brocal_f.
Full textThe legal system on information has been developed out of the different liberties related to the press (embodied by article 11 of the DDHC, the laws of 1881 on the press and of the 29th July, 1982 on audio-visual communication). If this system was mostly oriented towards the information distributors, the 1980's have witnessed a new tendency influenced by the constitutional judge. For the constitutional counsel, the liberty of communication can only be effective if the legislator respects the constitutional principles of pluralism of information and the fairness doctrine, with the purpose of satisfying the essential end-users : The reader, the listener or the television viewer. Likewise, the European Court of Human Rights, with article 10 of the ECHR on the liberty of expression and information in mind, thinks that the democratic society is characterized by pluralism, tolerance and a spirit of openess i. E. Liberty is given not only when information is welcomed favourably or indifferently, but also when it shocks or even hurts the authority of the state, or a fraction of the population. Although the constitutional judge, through case law, regulates the information rights of the citizens, the effectiveness of these rights are fully applied when confronted with the protection of others and the necessity of public order. On the other hand, and even if it tends towards a subjective right of the citizen, it remains uncompleted, the judges having not explicitly recognized the interest to act of the citizens
Aissi, Doucis. "La liberté de la presse en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone. Étude comparée dans quatre pays (Bénin, Côte d’Ivoire, Sénégal et Togo) entre 2001 et 2010." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0001.
Full textFreedom of the press is all opportunities for citizens of a country to have an opinion and expressit freely across media platforms. In Africa, new constitutions promulgated in early 1990,following popular uprisings, guarantee individual and political freedoms. But in reality, freedom of the press, which remains the main gauge of a credible democracy is far from complete.The present study intended to investigate the factors that can better guarantee the freedom of thepress in Francophone West Africa. It took three points of comparison for assessing the fourcountries, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo. The first parameter, the legal environment, itwas found that moderns legislations in Francophone African countries is modeled on the Frenchmodel. Also, the rights and benefits granted to key journalists in France by the Act of 29 July1881 on the freedom of the press are they stated in the laws governing the press in Benin, Côted'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo. The second title is devoted to the economic realities of the press andto conclude that in all four countries, journalists working in precarious conditions that do notguarantee their independence from the information.Finally in the third part of the study showed that the relationship between the press and politicalpower are decisive in respect of the freedom of the press
Danciu, Sorin. "La presse locale roumaine de l'asservissement à la liberté : le cas de la presse dans le département de Calarasi." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20023.
Full textThe results of this research highlight the changes of the Rumanian local press post-Communist. By considering the polemics appeared in the local process of identity construction of the profession, as well as the attitudes and the decisions specific to the practices of the journalistic profession, this work fits in the field of the studies on the professional representations, the relations with the public and to the political, economic and social actors, on the strategies of image whose the exercise of Rumanian journalism in the fifteen last years
Toung-Ondo, Albert. "Image(s) du Gabon dans la presse quotidienne nationale française : de 1980 à 1985." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30011.
Full textOne talks of gabon only in idyllic terms. With its riches the country would be some sort of a tropical eden. Its population would be the happiest in black africa. It is a staunch ally of france in the region. Regular chiches. Yet with the political changes which began in france in last this image becomes somewhat confused. It all started with the assassination, in southern france, of the lover of president bongo's wife by gabonese security police. Then political opposition (morena) to his government reappeared. And, lastly, a political crisis developed between paris and libreville. The publication by pierre pean of his book affaires africaines did not help matters. The result has been a focus of attention by the press on gabon. What emerges from the articles is hardly glittering: riches have not been matched by prosperity, independence has not led to liberty, cooperation with france is individualised. Surprising chronicle of an african country which never lacks reputation
Godet, Amandine. "Pour une sociologie du journalisme : analyse de l'éthique et des valeurs communicationnelles du journalisme de presse écrite." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1007.
Full textMy research is concerned with the question of the values of journalists ans is intituled: A sociology of journalism, analysis of ethics and communication values of the written press. This subject which is essentially based in the sociology of the media and communication, although the various points covered in this study are also based in the sociology of organisations and professions. The treatment of such a subject therefore calls for an investigation into the journalistic field from a sociological point of view. The subject also raiss the problem of the communication of information in general, be it between the various media, between the journalists and the compagny which employs them or between the media and the people for whom the information is intended. This thesis considers the suggeston that the journalistic field is one in which different values are confronted with one another on different levels; values concerning the individual practices of the journalists and values concerning the media as organisations. Jounalists would therefore seem to be under the influence of several different factors, a personnal value system and a more implicit system of values which is forced upon them by the demands and aims of their employer. Through investigation or professionnal introspection, it should be possible to understand the different value systems which drive the behavior and practices of this social group: journalists. It should also be possible to shed light on the way in which this set of norms affects the communication of information. If the poursuit of their profession presupposes that journalists are subject to antagonistic values, how credible and legitimate can the information they provide really be? Thus we can see that communication depends largely on the system of interpersonal values within the media organisation. The object of my research also implies that we take into account professional ethics. The study of journalists'values calls for reflexion on ethical principles of journalism, of the profession itself and of the way in which they have been forged by information professionals throughout history. This also requires an examination of the way in which this set of principles has been viewed by the journalists themselves in relation to their professional code of conduct
Massinga, Kombila (. ). "Le Français au Gabon : émergence d'une norme endogène : le cas de la presse écrite." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30044/document.
Full textThe sociolinguistic environment in Gabon comprises the languages of the Pigmies, the Bantou languages, French and the other languages spoken by foreigners. French, as the official language, has three speeh registers: the acrolectal, mesolectal and basilectal forms. At the start, the manifestations of the endogenous norm of French in the Gabonese written media are rooted in urbanisation. Libreville, as the concrete expression of Gabonese urban disparity, carries the dynamic at the heart of the socioliguistic process of French establishing itself in Gabon. Thus, the political and administrative capital of Gabon is either a factor of unification, conflict and linguistic coexistence; either Libreville gives the outline of communication involving the media broadcasters, advertisers and producers, as seen from the angles of two currents of a diverse press: the State and the opposition medias.Then, in a second stage, the linguistic characteristics of the French language are conveyed through a linguistic imaginative world. It includes three types of norms: systemic, statistical and subjective ones. The systemic norms throw light on the development of linguistic idiosyncratic forms, on the influence of substratum languages, on the use of all language registers and on the intermingling of written and oral codes. The statistical norms reflect the statistical hierarchy of linguistic features and causalities linked to the changes of the language in the process of urbanisation, to the sociopolitical context and to logical discursive causes. The last i.e. the subjective norms translate the differences in language representations generating a feeling of linguistic insecurity. This can be sensed under a double perspective, the one of the co-text as related to Makaya and the one of the context. Makaya, perceived as “improper”, presents the man/woman in the street taking offense at the failings of society. Journalists are spokepersons who through their working for a newspaper take part in the construction of the endogenous norm and its recognition
Casellas, Emmanuelle. "L'indépendance d'un journal." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10024.
Full textThe present thesis aims at determining the means a newspaper has to ensure its independance
Boukoukou-Boussaga, Louis Pascal. "La presse quotidienne parisienne devant trois crises politiques d'Afrique Centrale francophone." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30023.
Full textThe 1960s saw the arrival on the international scene of many new states as a result of the decolonization process. The states were unfortunately soon plunged into various political crisis. In this study we have looked at three political crisis : the crisis in congo leopoldville which later led to the tragic death innjuly 1960 of the prime minister patrice lumumba, the fall of president fulbert youlou in congo brazzaville inn august 1963 and finally the military coup d'etat of february 18, 1964 which overthrew president leon mba, leading to the intervention of the french army designed to bring him back to power. This institutional instability allowed the paris daily press to give a certain image of africa to the french opinion. It is this image that this study intends to find out. The study will also help us to measure the space given to africa in those newspapers. To do this, we will analyse how the paris daily press treats news about africa with regards to three principal themes : the inter-state relations, the political elites and the political institutions
Morneau, Richard. "La liberté de la presse: La protection des sources d'information et du matériel journalistique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5748.
Full textCadou, Eléonore. "La distribution de la presse." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010314.
Full textThe French press distribution system is original in more than one way : disimilar to any other national system, it benefits as well from a legal system very different from that wich, in France, is generally applicable to other mass consumption products. This dual specificity is due essentially to the particuliar nature of the product and, in a more contingent manner, to historical reasons, which have pushed French legislators to take into account the fact that the protection of the product was vain if it was not applied to its distribution system. Although the loi bichet of 2 april 1947 put the press distribution system in place using the principles of cooperative law, practice has allowed a commercial company to play a predominant role in the circuit. Even if the essential of the founding principles have all been preserved and thus assuring the freedom of the press distribution, this predominance of a single company does not reduce certain difficulties, notably with regard to competition law. Another issue wich appears, by giving publishers control over their own distribution and by imposing a respect of strict impartiality on the part of the depository network on the treatment of the various papers and magazines, the law gave a particular tonality to the different contracts which make up the press distribution circuit. Qualified as a « mandat d'intérêt commun » by jurisprudence, these contracts, which seem rather merit to be regarded as « commission », are so closely linked that they institute a direct relationship between the contracting parties at the extremities, and can, in this sense, be considered as a veritable group of contracts
Droin, Nathalie. "Les limitations à la liberté d'expression dans la loi sur la presse du 29 juillet 1881 : disparition, permanence et résurgence du délit d'opinion." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOD005.
Full textThe Press Law of July 29, 1881 is one of the major “liberal” achievements of the French Third Republic. It has been amended regularly since its enactment to adapt to the needs of society and it is supposed to guarantee the freedom of expression while at the same time imposing some limitations, as there is no absolute freedom. The limitations to the freedom of expression seem legitimate in a democracy as long as they do not constitute a crime of opinion i. E. Prohibit an opinion which is considered as evil by the government in power. The original intent of the 1881 law-makers was to repeal and ban that type of offence. The subsequent set of acts which created new violations of the press laws, have however revived the debate because numerous observers have seen in it the resurgence of crimes of opinion. These studies can neverterless be discussed and moderated. Crime of opinion have definitely disappeared from the Press Law in favour of the resolution of legal disputes sometimes by the conciliation of the rights in conflict (the freedom of expression with the protection of public order and the rights of others), sometimes by the neutralization of one of the rights in conflict (example of revisionist speech). However, the persistence and the resurgence of crimes of opinion has to be acknowledged. Indeed, it has never completely disappeared from the Press Law, be it in the original law of 1881 or in the subsequent amendments. The law-makers even seem to have been followed by the judges who tend to be tempted, through the particular implementation of some violations of the law (abuse of religious feelings, defamation), to reintroduce those offences that are quite incompatible with democratic ideals
Seck, Sellé. "La responsabilité pénale du journaliste et les délits de presse au Sénégal : une contribution à l'effectivité de la liberté de la presse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1047.
Full textSenegalese Constitution dated 22th January 2001 clearly provides that the country guarantees the freedom of the press and the right to multi-sourced information. And yet the Senegalese journalist remains subject to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in the repressive surge of the 1960’s.The local Criminal law which paradoxically includes French special 29th July 1881 Act on the freedom of the press seems outdated and overtaken by the evolution of the Senegalese democracy and the people’s yearning for development and social progress. The journalistic activity potentially brings forth offences. The journalist may take too much advantage of the freedom of the press violating thereby the law and his own deontology. Criminal law justice must therefore be applicable to them. However this must not conceal the law-maker‘s necessity to safeguard the freedom of the press. To that end it is necessary to set up a special legislation free from the Criminal Code and from the Code of Criminal Procedure. This is a necessity though insufficient. The predictability of the law applicable to the criminal liability of the journalist, the independence of the applying judges and the non-interference of the political power in the journalist’s freedom of speech are prerequisites to the repression of the abuses of the freedom of the press. Our present thesis aims on the one hand to diagnose the criminal liability regime of the Senegalese journalist and also to prove the inadequacy of the criminal law with its legal liability. We will then suggest a particular criminal liability system more respectful of the freedom of the press
Muasses, Riad. "Le Régime de l'information en Syrie." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020084.
Full textPoirson, Christophe. "La déontologie des journalistes." Dijon, 2000. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/de3224de-fe7a-47e3-821f-d4c3676cac45.
Full textEnglebert, Jacques. "La procédure garante de la liberté de l'information." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209538.
Full textDebza, Mahfoudh. "Les néologismes de la presse francophone : le cas des quotidiens algériens édités en langue française : Liberté, El-Watan." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_debza.pdf.
Full textOur work focuses on neological creations in the written press in Algeria. We targeted our study on neologisms taken from two Algerian newspapers published in French (Liberté and El-Watan). The data collection of our corpus was spread over several years, in order to have better understanding of phenomenon. A classification of the gathered neologisms based on analytical grids inspired by the works of J. Tournier is followed by a discussion for each exemplified type of neologism. Our research is a contribution to the study of the vitality of the French language in a specific francophone area. The analysis of the collected neologisms will focus on semantic and morpho-syntactic aspects, and try to understand the extralinguistic mechanisms of the neological lexical creations in the journalistic discourse
Rabiller, Stéphanie. "Les restrictions administratives à la liberté de la presse face aux exigeances constitutionnelles et européennes." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU2002.
Full textGone is the day when it was up to the lumiere to enable the freedom of the press to radicate after times of oppression. Law, which was bom of the constitution and of international conventions, has taken over. Correlatively, those norms of superior authority hich contributa to perfect a law abiding state, compel us to enuciate administrative restrictions in such a way as to comply with certain requirements. The firts kind of requirement necessitating legislative intervention would be interference with the freedom of the press. A comprehensive law sould be foreseen to deal with these. It must be added moreover that interference souldn't be immoderate to the extent of preventing the protection of the freedom of the press from being consistent with the necessities of social life. Studying positive law permits one to observe that few instances of administrative interference effectively combine both competency rules and fundamental ones. It so happens that a common judge, confronted with such a situation of the law, stands as guarantee against the arbitrary. Such an attitude is nevertheless ambivalent indeed, substituting a close scrutiny of administrative restrictions to incomplete rules of competency contributes in maintaining in our collection of law attacks wich may endanger the freedom of the press and detract the general system of the rigths of the press
Batto, Patricia. "La presse quotidienne taiwanaise (1945-2000) : le groupe Lianhebao." Paris, INALCO, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAL0002.
Full textOn January Ist, 1988, the Nationalist government lifted the regulations which had been restraining the press freedom in Taiwan for about 40 years. The first newspaper of the United Daily News Group was published in 1951, issuing 12 000 copies a day. In 1988, the Group owned three newspapers in Taiwan (United Daily News, Economic Daily News, Min Sheng Daily), issuing 1,7 million copies, and published one newspaper in the USA (World Journal) , one in France (Europe Journal) and one in Thailand (The Universal Daily News). The first part of the dissertation presents the Taiwanese press and the United Daily News Group's development before 1988, under the authoritarian rule of the Kuomintang. The second part presents the new situation after 1988, the United Daily News Group company which has 5500 employees in Taiwan and made 700 millions NT dollars profits in 1996 ; it also studies the ideology of the Group whose leaders support the unification of Taiwan with the Chinese Mainland. The purpose of this dissertation, in studying the United Daily News Group's and the Taiwanese press history, is to make an evaluation of the island's press liberalisation and Taiwan's democratic transition
Lee, Sunyoung. "La Presse coréenne de 1961 à 1987." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020028.
Full textPenard, Vincent. "La presse et la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32061.
Full textThe European Court of human rights descended from the European convention finds another sphere of application as regards to the press. Indeed, the Strasbourg Court has come to take out of the existing conventionnal principles, a real law of the press. Therefore, the European judge has built a jurisprudential edifice based on the freedom of expression as set in article 10, and by the means of the different laws of the press applied in the members states. Some important concepts were then defines, such as the right to information, the freedom to inform, as well as private life and diffamation. Without identifying a real European law of the press, this study is aimed to search for a corpus of texts legislating the press, in those countries are part of the European Council
Bemba, Léon. "Rapports presse et pouvoir politique au Congo Brazzaville : 1960-1990." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30026.
Full textThis thesis is devided in three parts. The first one deals with the theorical aspects of the main theme being discussed here. It presents the country’s political context from the independence up to nowadays. The second one presents the panorama of the Congolese press since its origins up to the democratic’s transition period, first from 1960 to 1963, and later from 1963 to 1990, the period of the single ruling party, finally the so called period of real democratic experience, from 1991 up to our days. As such, La Semaine Africaine, the newspaper funded by the Catholic Church, opposed all the information systems imposed by the various regimes. Mweti, the first newspaper to be issue on a weekly basis, born under the 1977 revolution, was quite creative by putting in place a section dealing with brieve anecdotes named “J’ai vu”. In reality, these were anecdotes very critic of the government; they constituted a type of resistance to the authoritarian system of information. In 1989, the press started playing its key role of a counter power by pushing for more freedom of the press and freedom of opinion through the liberalization and democratization of the whole political system. These pressures led to the National Sovereign Conference being held, which in return allowed to set up of a flexible legal framework for the press and the creation of a regulatory body for the media overall. The third one focuses on the analysis of the two newspapers’ content as a good representation of the newspapers of the period being studied. It reveals the type of resistance to the authoritarian system of information prevailing in Congo-Brazzaville: Frontal resistance, alternative resistance and indifference, etc
Faye, Mor. "Journalistes de la presse privée écrite et pouvoir politique en Afrique : l'ambiguïté de la relation victimaire." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H014.
Full textThrough a research conducted in Benin, Senegal and Togo, in the private written press, this study questions the dominant explanation that attributes the increasing repression against journalists to the not less real authoritarism of African political regimes. This work mobilizes tools from the sociology of professions, the sociolgy of the communications and the political sociolgy to better analyse the political and social stakes of the emergence of a private written press in these three countries, and to measure its real importance as a countervailing power. Our study shows that, behind the rhetoric of victimization mobilised by journalists, hides another phenomenon : the corruption of the private written press by the capacities in place. This work, after having described the corruption and established its relationship with the economic and financial precariousness of the press enterprises, shows that the denounced repression is, in fact, closely linked to this compromising relationship and proposes to "re-visit" the very concept of an independent private press. The conclusion suggests new roads to rethink private journalism in Africa
Santoro, Jean-Louis. "La liberté de l'information : logiques institutionnelles et logiques professionnelles au plan international : 1947-1972." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30047.
Full textIn most general terms our thesis analyzes the articulation and accumulation of individual relations and experiences which formed up a professionnal and institutional logic in the elaboration of the concept of information. The professional logic serving as an indispensable pre-requisite for the latter. Thanks to the effulgence of the international federation of newspaper editors (federation internationale des editeurs de journaux) six main agreements were reached a) the xixth article of the human rights in december 1948, b) the agreement on the free circulation of educative? scientific and cultural material in november 1950, c) the creation of the french press institute in april 1951, d) the creation of the international higher school of journalism in strasbourg in july 1957 and eventually the creation of the internaitonal association for mass communication research in december 1957 it is by considering these six achievements as components of an overall communication process that we realize how the actors of the international federation of newspaper editors have met divine afflatus of the true pioneers and how these six achievements integrate the recent cultural experience of north america and europe but equally of africa and latin america
Sow, Moustapha. "Médias et pouvoirs politiques au Sénégal : étude de la transition d’une presse d’État vers un pluralisme médiatique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0308/document.
Full textThis thesis looks back on the political and media history of Senegal from independence to the present. However, given the specific political dynamism of the colonial era in this country, we will also discuss this period because it can help us better understand the coming "early" multiparty in Senegal compared to the rest of Africa, or unless much of the continent. Since it is from this period that the voting appeared to Senegal. And after independence, the media situation will undergo significant changes, with the emergence of single parti system and what Mor Faye calls "institutional journalism of reviews." The break with political pluralism, caused by the 1962 crisis marks the end of the two-headed executive in Senegal, that will gradually reduce the freedom of opinion to impose a single newspaper, a State press. With the creation of a press law in 1979 and the nascent or reborn multiparty, start to root the basics of media pluralism that will, as and as the country becomes more democratic, revolutionize speech political and ideological monism upset. Thus developed in the early 1990s, in Senegal and in many French-speaking African countries, a form of "médiactivisme" which will play a key role in the questioning of the information published by state media. However, the development of pluralism of the press in Senegal raises, especially after the political change in 2000 Abdoulaye Wade to lead the country, huge questions on journalistic practices and spirit of responsibility necessary to exercise this job
Walden, Alexander. "La vocation internationale des médias et son incidence géostratégique." Lille 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/25/68/PDF/THESE_Walden.pdf.
Full textThe context and the conditions under which the media phenomenon has grown so swiftly on a worldwide basis have been analyzed throughout this thesis. On one hand by the study of international information media, on the other by the study of the financial stakes which transformed the communication industry into a powerful actor of the global economy. This major implication of the media in the international system gave rise to the emergence of a worldwide public opinion being now targeted by operations of influence destined to orient hearts and minds with specific contents. Furthermore, States' actions and reactions facing a media phenomenon, now fully part of international relations, and regardless of classical concepts of sovereignty, have been studied in this work. States themselves used media as a propaganda tool to emphasize their ideologies and policies. Besides, the growing involvement of media in military conflicts, as witnesses or now as direct and indirect actors of these wars, has been established. As a result, is the geostrategic impact due to global use of media likely to generate a growing weakness of States facing relentless flows of information especially since legal, economical and technical aspects have favored this situation? This apparent weakening of States generated reactions, some of which are particularly anti-democratic, but others more constructive and willing to contribute in the diffusion of human thought and in the progress of human societies in the globalization context
Alawad, Abd Elkarim. "Histoire de la presse arabe en ligne en comparaison avec la presse européenne numérique." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0074.
Full textThis study deals with an issue of great importance in shedding light on Arabic electronic media and makes the comparison with European and American digital press, through the knowledge of the phenomenon of electronic media, its features, its negative aspects and the situation of Journalists and their unions, their commitment to professional ethics through their work in the electronic media.The study discusses the weaknesses of the Arab electronic media, its inability to compete with European and American digital newspapers.It sheds light on the reasons for these weaknesses, the negative aspects of Arab electronic media because of the weakness of the Internet networks and the few number of its users in the Arab world because of the domination of Arab regimes consider electronic media as an enemy of its rule on freedom of expression
Delpech, David. "Les souscriptions de la liberté. Une renaissance de l'esprit républicain sous le Second Empire." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100125.
Full textUnder the Second Empire (1852-1870), public subscriptions in the press have been one of the means employed by the French Republicans to reorganize itself as a political force. They were also a way to fight in France, against the imperial power and, abroad, for the freedom of nations. Financing of election campaigns, public tributes, helping the needy, support of foreign insurrections, strikes, plots: these are some of the events that the Republicans have been undertaken through public subscriptions. Meanwhile, subscriptions have contributed to the political awakening of public opinion, the dissemination of republican values among the masses, and the emergence of class consciousness among the working class. In addition, through subscription lists published in the press, private citizens - all ages, both sexes - were able to participate democratically in political life at a time when freedoms appear very limited. Subscriptions have been essential to the revival of the republican spirit, from 1852 to 1870
Segla, Messam Daniel. "La loi sur la presse de 1990 et ses conséquences dans l'Ex-URSS." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081720.
Full textVocat, Christophe. "La censure des arts graphiques de 1881 à nos jours." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4028.
Full textThis thesis relates to the censure in the graphic arts, from the point of view of an evolution since the adoption of the law of 1881 on the freedom of the press until our days. The graphic arts are the drawings, posters, photographs, engravings. The cinema is excludes from this study. There are several forms of censure. The direct censure will relate to all measurements of administrative police force aiming at preventing the diffusion of the works of art graphic (title 1). The indirect censure will appear through the use of the criminal law (titre2). It is also necessary to take account of the new faces of the censure, with the alternative recourse to the civil law and the necessary adaptation to new technologies (title 3)
Chupin, Stéphane-Dimitri. "La protection de la vie personnelle délimitée par les frontières des sphères privée et publique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010286.
Full textCorroy, Laurence. "Prises de paroles des lycéens et des étudiants au XIXe siècle : émergence d'une presse spécifique." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030046.
Full textThe expression of the world vision is an issue for the back of history in the 19th first appear. In fact, under the Restauration then the July monarchy, the newspapers from the French National Library expressed the desire of the young even though the government and the educational establishment refuse to recognize them. Despite the obstacles they faced an unceasing censorship students newspapers developed - the 1881 freedom of the press law indeed encouraged this development. This press thought to develop links between grammar school and university students and abroad. This press analysed students representations of the world in which they lived - the everyday familiar world of working people and of feminine domestic help; it also shades light on bourgeois society and its triumphant rhetoric. The established press did not always look favourably on these mass pieces of the young : the uncouth dynamism of the young disturbed the journalists of the established press who considered that they did not sufficient respect to their elders
Bach, Natacha Martine Anne. "La liberté d'expression journalistique selon la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10035.
Full textNavet-Bouron, Françoise. "Censure et dessin de presse en France pendant la Grande Guerre." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010650.
Full textFrom the beginning of first world war until its end, french censorship had been asking for the removal of about 850 newspaper drawings. The outbreak of fighting led to the immediate application of preventive censorship by the authorities acting in common agreement with the journalists. But already after the first battles, the press reaffirmed its freedom of expression on political questions, while it continued to accept military and diplomatic informations being censured. About half of the removals requested by the censorship had been objected by the newspaper boards of directors. The existing laws permitted the government to confiscate papers. Their strict application would have led to at least 400 confiscations for the only reason that censured drawings had not been removed. Nevertheless during the whole wartime period this drastic measure was applied only to three papers that had not removed the censored drawings. Two other papers were threatened with serious sanctions, and another one was simply warned. The small number of severe sanctions taken against papers which did not remove censored press drawings suggests that freedom of press was maintained to a very large degree during the conflict, even if many papers suffered from the abuses and uncoherent application of censorship
Mesutoğlu, Neşe. "La renaissance de la presse minoritaire en Turquie : le rôle de la presse minoritaire dans l'émergence des leaders au sein des communautés minoritaires de Turquie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA012/document.
Full textAgos, the bilingual Turkish and Armenian weekly newspaper of the Armenian community has published since 1996 and Şalom, the unique weekly newspaper of the Jewish community has published since 1947, have strategic importance in their relations with the representatives of the two minorities. The examination of the minority press in the emergence of leaders in Turkey's minority communities shows that the minority press can change the opinion of the majority and create new norms and a social movement. In order to understand the civil representativeness of Hrant Dink in the Armenian minority, this research tries to analyze the complex dynamics of the minority press and allows us to grasp Dink's approach as an opinion leader of Armenian community. Thus, we can demonstrate that the minority press is capable of creating a leader and a newspaper with a circulation of less than two thousand copies can be a known platform of the whole world and the editor in chief of this newspaper can be a potential source of influence
Passot, Florence. "L'humour et le droit." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_passot_f.pdf.
Full textAt first glance, Law embraces humour uniformly. Whatever its intention, humour is protected indeed by freedom of speech and expression. Free of preliminary control, it is lawful as long as it observes the so-called rules and laws of genre. However, such unity must not hide the variety of definitions of lawful humour. Indeed, a systematic review of the precedents brings to light that the designation of lawful humour depends on what target was intended to be reached, accordingly on which field it has been articulated in. We reckon that this thematic approach of humour must be abandoned to the benefit of a generic survey, as only the study of the humorous genre itself will allow a more accurate definition of lawful humour to emerge. This nonspecific approach assumes that freedom of humour is acknowledged and that a defence based on humour is denied. It also implies the rejection of the criteria of definition denying the very nature of humour and commands the analysis of the context
Assomption, Sandra d'. "Le Contrôle du contenu des médias." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32070.
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