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1

Williams, Ellen J., and Joe Matthews. "The Liberty Elementary Story." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 8, no. 3 (September 2005): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458905281004.

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2

Bush, Elizabeth. "Liberty Rising: The Story of the Statue of Liberty (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 5 (2006): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2006.0047.

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3

Bush, Elizabeth. "Liberty’s Voice: The Story of Emma Lazarus (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 64, no. 8 (2011): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2011.0290.

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4

Overton, Daniel P. "The Consequences of Liberty: Barton W. Stone's Democratized Rhetoric and Hermeneutics." Rhetorica 38, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2020.38.3.279.

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The Cane Ridge Revival drew nearly twenty thousand participants, sparking the transformative Second Great Awakening. Barton Stone was the minister who organized and shared preaching responsibilities for the revival, and eventually, his disciples formed one of the largest American religious traditions, the Stone-Campbell Movement. In this paper, I examine portions of nine fictional dialogues published by Stone during the final year of his life, wherein he explicitly outlined the parameters of effective rhetoric or “useful preaching.” I argue that Stone developed a rhetorical theory that rebelled against authority by granting agency to the audience even in the processes of invention and interpretation, a theory that produced idiosyncratic theological convictions and a movement practically incapable of confessional unity.
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5

Peck, Robert S. "The Role of Personality,Stare Decisis,and Liberty in Constitutional Construction." Perspectives on Political Science 33, no. 3 (July 2004): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ppsc.33.3.150-154.

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6

THOMAS, ROSALIND. "WRITTEN IN STONE? LIBERTY, EQUALITY, ORALITY AND THE CODIFICATION OF LAW." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 40, no. 1 (December 1995): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1995.tb00464.x.

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7

Carney. "Presidents and Civil Liberties from Wilson to Obama: A Story of Poor Custodians." Rhetoric and Public Affairs 18, no. 4 (2015): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/rhetpublaffa.18.4.0745.

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8

Tinsman, Heidi. "The Gathering Storm: Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and Chile's Cold War." Hispanic American Historical Review 101, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9052215.

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9

Schinto, Jeanne. ""Deviled Ham Untouched by Hands": Food-Related Vintage Stereoviews." Gastronomica 2, no. 4 (2002): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2002.2.4.53.

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This is an essay about depictions of food in vintage stereoviews, i.e., three-dimensional photographs mass-marketed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The piece, illustrated with striking examples from the author's collection, offers a look at a unique resource. Images include meat processors working in Chicago at the time of Upton Sinclair;Italians drying spaghetti on racks in the streets of Naples; East-End Londoners readying themselves for a banquet to honor King Edward VII; and a Liberty Bell made entirely of California apples. The author introduces to Gastronomica's readers this immensely rich,largely undiscovered store of visual information about food history and culture.
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10

Alsmairat, Nihad, Carolina Contreras, James Hancock, Pete Callow, and Randolph Beaudry. "Use of Combinations of Commercially Relevant O2 and CO2 Partial Pressures to Evaluate the Sensitivity of Nine Highbush Blueberry Fruit Cultivars to Controlled Atmospheres." HortScience 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.1.74.

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We tested the impact of storage atmospheres in which the CO2 and O2 percentages sum to 21% on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit condition and quality. The CO2 and O2 combinations, in percent composition, were 19%/2%, 18%/3%, 16.5%/4.5%, 15%/6%, 13.5%/7.5%, 12%/9%, 6%/15%, and 0%/21% for CO2/O2, respectively. Nine blueberry cultivars were evaluated (Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Ozarkblue, Nelson, Liberty, Elliott, Legacy, and Jersey) after 8 weeks of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 0 °C. Surface mold, berry decay, skin reddening (associated with fruit pulp browning), fruit firmness, pulp discoloration, and the content of ethanol and acetaldehyde were assessed. Fruit firmness, skin reddening, and decay declined and the proportion of fruit with severe internal discoloration tended to increase as CO2 concentrations increased. Ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation was minimal, indicating fermentation was not induced by the atmospheric conditions applied. Cultivar effects were far more pronounced than atmosphere effects. Some cultivars such as Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Liberty, and Legacy appear to be well suited to extended CA storage, whereas other cultivars such as Elliott stored moderately well, and Ozarkblue, Nelson, and Jersey stored poorly. The data indicate that responses to high levels of CO2, while O2 is maintained at its maximum level practicable, can, in a cultivar-dependent manner, include significant negative effects on quality while achieving the desired suppression of decay.
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11

Lee, Haiyan. ""A Dime Store of Words": Liberty Magazine and the Cultural Logic of the Popular Press." Twentieth-Century China 33, no. 1 (November 1, 2007): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/152153807794773975.

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12

Wojcik, Jan. "Improvising Rules in the Book of Ruth." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 100, no. 2 (March 1985): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/462286.

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The biblical book of Ruth is a succinct, intricate love story powered by five intense dialogues. It is a story about language and literature as well as about love. The characters find all three as generously available as the grains of barley on which Boaz and Ruth pledge their troth. Boaz, Ruth, and Naomi draw on a rich common store of literary allusions and laws derived from Hebrew literary tradition to create a happy ending for the sterile stories of their individual pasts. The liberties they take with known biblical and Hebraic law have long puzzled scholars trying to place the story in its precise historical or cultural context. But I argue that the book was never intended to represent a time and place, that it celebrates the creative improvisations religious rules are meant to inspire in any time or place.
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13

Luff, J. "SAMUEL WALKER. Presidents and Civil Liberties from Wilson to Obama: A Story of Poor Custodians." American Historical Review 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/118.4.1212.

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14

Sawyer, Laura Phillips. "Contested Meanings of Freedom: Workingmen's Wages, the Company Store System, and theGodcharles v. WigemanDecision." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, no. 3 (June 18, 2013): 285–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781413000182.

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In 1886, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck down a law that prohibited employers from paying wages in company store scrip and mandated monthly wage payments. The court held that the legislature could not prescribe mandatory wage contracts for legally competent workingmen. The decision quashed over two decades of efforts to end the “truck system.” Although legislators had agreed that wage payments redeemable only in company store goods appeared antithetical to the free labor wage system, two obstacles complicated legislative action. Any law meant to enhance laborers' rights could neither favor one class over another nor infringe any workingman's ability to make voluntary contracts. These distinctions, however, were not as rigid andlaissez faire-oriented as depicted by conventional history. Labor reformers argued that principles of equity must supplement these categories of class legislation and contract freedom. This essay explores how legal doctrine helped both sides of the anti-truck debate articulate the contested meanings of liberty. Ultimately, theGodcharlesruling enshrined the specialness of workingmen's labor contracts and rejected the use of equity principles to justify contract regulations, but the controversy also informed future labor strategies, especially the turn to state police powers as the rubric under which workers' safety, morals, and health could be protected.
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15

Duckling, Louise. "FROM LIBERTY TO LECHERY: PERFORMANCE, REPUTATION AND THE “MARVELLOUS STORY” OF HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS." Women's Writing 17, no. 1 (April 8, 2010): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080903533296.

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16

Cerruti, Brian J., and Steven G. Decker. "The Local Winter Storm Scale: A Measure of the Intrinsic Ability of Winter Storms to Disrupt Society." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010bams3191.1.

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A local winter storm scale (LWSS) is developed to categorize the disruption caused by winter storms using archived surface weather observations from a single location along the U.S. East Coast. Development of LWSS is motivated by the recognition that the observed societal impact from a given winter storm (called realized disruption here) arises from the convolution of two factors, the meteorological conditions that lead to disruption (i.e., intrinsic disruption) and society's susceptibility to winter weather. LWSS is designed to measure the first factor, intrinsic disruption. The scale uses maximum sustained winds, wind gusts, storm-total snowfall and icing accumulations, and minimum visibility to arrive at a categorical value between 0 and 5 inclusive. An alternate method is used to quantify the realized disruption that each storm produced and helps calibrate aspects of LWSS. All winter storms observed at Newark Liberty International Airport over the 15 cold seasons between 1995/96 and 2009/10 were categorized using LWSS. Focusing on one location reduces the variability in societal susceptibility, which allows the relationship between intrinsic disruption and realized disruption to be quantified. Some important factors related to societal susceptibility were found to increase storms' realized disruption, including occurrence during a weekday, off-peak season, and less than two days subsequent to a previous storm. A closer examination of the 9–11 February 2010 winter storm demonstrates LWSS's ability to depict the spatial variability of the storm's intrinsic disruption. This information is used to infer variations in societal susceptibility between metropolitan areas and reveals the need for an instantaneous intrinsic disruption index to account for temporal variations in storm intensity.
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17

Radchenko, Maria M. "EKPHRASTIC REPRESENTATION OF EUGÈNE DELACROIX’S PAINTING “LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE” IN YU.P. ANNENKOV’S SHORT STORY “A SMALL HOUSE IN THE 5TH CHRISTMAS ST.”." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-3-171-176.

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The present article examines and proves the theory, according to which the short story “A Small House in the 5th Christmas St.” by Yu.P. Annenkov implicitly contains the elements of Eugène Delacroix’s painting “Liberty Leading the People”. The incorporation of painting’s elements into the story’s texture has become possible due to ekphrasis – an instrument Annenkov used quite often in his works. Taking into consideration the fact that there is no single approach in analyzing this “intermedial device”, two concepts of ekphrasis has been chosen as the theoretical basis for the present research – one presented by the work of V.V. Feshchenko and O.V. Koval, another one – by the article of V.V. Lepakhin. After the detailed examination of Annenkov’s short story and Delacroix’s painting it may be concluded that by two characters – Tekla Balchus and her son Stasik – the writer not only ekphrastically represented the key figures and the plot of “Liberty Leading the People”, but also intentionally distorted the initial visual image in order to demonstrate in the verbal form of the story his own disillusionment with the ideas of the revolution.
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18

Madsen, Chris. "Peter J. Marsh, Liberty Factory: The Untold Story of Henry Kaiser’s Oregon Shipyards (Chris Madsen)." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 31, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.146.

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19

Blank, Yishai. "Localising Religion in a Jewish State." Israel Law Review 45, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223712000064.

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Cities in Israel are regulating religion and controlling religious liberty. They decide whether to close down roads during the Sabbath, whether to limit the selling of pork meat within their jurisdiction, whether to prohibit sex stores from opening, and whether to allocate budgets and lands to religious activities. They do all that by using their regular local powers as well as special enablement laws which the Israeli parliament enacts from time to time. The immediacy of these issues, the fact that the traditional powers – business licensing, traffic and road control, spending, and more – of local authorities touch upon many of them, and the inability of central government to obtain a nationwide consensus over religious matters have caused the localisation of religious liberty in Israel. In addition, some legal rules induce and even force religious-based residential segregation, thus resulting in a relative religious homogeneity of local populations. Hence, cities are able to decide to advance a religious – or a secular – agenda much more easily than the national councils. This process, however, has gone unnoticed by most scholars and courts. As a result, religious liberty doctrine has failed to live up to the challenges Israel is now facing: growing religious and national extremism and the ensuing risk of fragmentation and oppression of minorities. This article shifts the focus from the role of central government in regulating religion to that of cities. I argue that the particular form of decentralisation of religious liberty in Israel has a mixed outcome: it has helped to weaken the monopoly of orthodox Judaism in some locations and enabled diverse communities to flourish and express their unique religious vision; but it has also radicalised some religious practices, exacerbated tensions among competing religions and denominations, heightened religious-based residential segregation and jeopardised minorities.
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20

McDougall, E. A. "Setting the Story Straight: Louis Hunkanrin and Un forfait colonial." History in Africa 16 (1989): 285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171788.

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In Paris 1931, the Ligue des Droits de l'Homme published the pamphlet, Un forfait colonial: l'esclavage en Mauritanie. Its author was a man best known in the context of radical Dahomean politics, Louis Hunkanrin, who had cause to know Mauritania better than he would have liked during ten years spent there in political exile. This exposé of slavery in Mauritania is a curious concoction -- general information damning the morals, values and work ethic of Moorish society; selected cases of injustice drawn from his personal experience; a lengthy report by a medical official despairing of Mauritania's poor food production and its relation to the slave situation; an eloquent letter to the Governor of Mauritania presenting a defense of his own actions; brutal attacks on particular French administrators; all with a large dose of French patriotism liberally sprinkled throughout. As stated in his preface, Hunkanrin's aim in exposing the crimes committed against the blacks in Mauritania was none other than “to illuminate the true face of France in this territory where the French flag flies—emblem of peace, liberty, and justice: the France of the Rights of Man, maternal France, good, generous and just,… It is well understood that I am only concerned to serve the interests of France and humanity.”
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21

Delaney, Enda. "Directions in historiography: Our island story? Towards a transnational history of late modern Ireland." Irish Historical Studies 37, no. 148 (November 2011): 599–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400003242.

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The besetting sin of all historical writing is myopia. Large as well as small nations suffer equally from the disheartening insularity of rarely looking beyond the borders of the nation state as geographical borders mutate into mental, cultural and historiographical ones. Myopia's close relative is the unshakeable doctrine of exceptionalism: the assumption that each nation's history is, by definition,sui generis. National histories written in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries fostered notions of a shared identity and created the sense of an embryonic nation. A critical element in this process was stressing the exceptional characteristics, such as the tradition of liberal governance in Britain, American liberty or the revolutionary origins of the French state. That this history of nations was presented for popular consumption as a story is understandable – story-telling is the most effective method of communicating a narrative to a wide audience.
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22

Livingstone, Niall, and Gideon Nisbet. "I The Inscriptional Beginnings of Literary Epigram." New Surveys in the Classics 38 (2008): 22–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383509990192.

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As was seen in the Introduction, the generic identity of epigram is governed by two senses of the Greek preposition epi: an epigram may be physically inscribed ‘on’ an object, or ‘on the subject of’ an object (or something else: a person, an event). This chapter is concerned with epigrams physically inscribed on a stone or other object. In spite of the fact that inscribed epigram comes first chronologically (beginning as early as the eighth century BCE), includes some of the most famous lines in Greek literature (such as those above), and numbers famous names such as Simonides among its exponents, it can sometimes be treated as the poor relation of literary epigram, which had its heyday in the Hellenistic period (see Chapter 2). There is a perception that epigram comes into its own once it has ‘escaped’, as it were, from its stone or other physical medium, and is thus at liberty to use its words to create a virtual object in the reader's mind (or not, as the poet chooses).
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23

Hager, Tamar. "The Quest for the Lost Story: feminist reading of Julia Margaret Cameron's ‘Mountain Nymph Sweet Liberty’." Women's History Review 27, no. 2 (April 9, 2017): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2017.1311533.

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24

Villerbu, Soazig. "W. Caleb McDANIEL, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America." Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, no. 62 (June 20, 2021): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.7649.

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25

Hallsworth, Djuna. "National broadcasting, international audiences: How cultural difference is represented in the Danish television dramas Ride upon the Storm, Liberty and Greyzone." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00018_1.

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Denmark represents a noteworthy ‐ and rather successful ‐ example of where state-funded public service broadcasters have retained strong branding locally while asserting an online streaming presence and negotiating sustainable transnational partnerships for future collaboration, thus consolidating domestic and international markets. This article analyses the impact of the shift away from national broadcasting towards transnational production cultures on the Danish domestic market, historically dominated by local public service broadcasters: Danmarks Radio and TV2. Using the television dramas Ride upon the Storm, Liberty and Greyzone as case studies, the article examines the idea that trends towards harnessing global audiences and fostering transnational production collaborations may partially undermine the distinctive cultural and linguistic features of Danish television drama.
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26

Boswell, Angela. "Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America by W. Caleb McDaniel." Southwestern Historical Quarterly 124, no. 2 (2020): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/swh.2020.0079.

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27

Chujo, Ken. "Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America by W. Caleb McDaniel." Journal of Southern History 86, no. 3 (2020): 708–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/soh.2020.0211.

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28

Carmit Yefet, Karin. "Synagogue and State in the Israeli Military: A Story of “Inappropriate Integration”." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 223–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2016-0008.

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Abstract The encounter between synagogue and state in Israel’s military context raises a variety of complex questions that defy conventional paradigms. While religious liberty continues to occupy a special place in most liberal democratic thought, the legal and philosophical literature pondering its various dimensions has largely lost analytic sight of the fascinating intersection of military and religion. This article embarks on analyzing the appropriate integration between loyalty to God and to country, and between religious male and secular female soldiers. Evaluating examples of synagogue-state tensions and accommodationist policies, this article explores the manner and extent to which the Israeli military (IDF) responds to the observant soldier’s multiple identities as a religious minority member and a faithful citizen of the larger secular polity. Against this backdrop, the article analyzes the vexed challenges posed to multicultural theory by the equivocal status of the Orthodox community as a numerical minority but “power majority” within the military, and by the IDF’s unique exercise of multiculturalist protection, termed herein “external restrictions,” imposed on majority group members. It concludes that the ongoing “religionization” of the IDF through the 2002 “Appropriate Integration” regulation has served as a powerful counterforce to gender equality, fostering a growing practice of female exclusion through which women are disenfranchised from core, non-negotiable protections of citizenship. The article identifies as the prime casualty of this aggressive multicultural accommodation not only secular women’s hard-won equality of opportunity, but also the very rights and status of minority women within their own religious community.
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29

Hawes, Joseph M., and Joseph E. Illick. "At Liberty: The Story of a Community and a Generation. The Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, High School Class of 1952." Journal of American History 77, no. 4 (March 1991): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078389.

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30

Wrigley, Julia, and Joseph E. Illick. "At Liberty: The Story of a Community and a Generation: The Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, High School Class of 1952." History of Education Quarterly 31, no. 1 (1991): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368790.

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31

Newkirk, Anthony Bolton. "The Rise of the Fusion-Intelligence Complex: A critique of political surveillance after 9/11." Surveillance & Society 8, no. 1 (July 22, 2010): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v8i1.3473.

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This paper argues that 'fusion centers' are byproducts of the privatization of state surveillance and assaults on civil liberties, at least in the United States, the nation on which the research is based, with special focus on the recent case of the Maryland State Police spying scandal. In fusion centers, members of local, state, and federal police and intelligence units, as well as private-sector organizations, share information with each other by means of computerized technology and store it in databases. While the official purpose is to protect public safety, the practice of 'data-mining' and unclear lines of authority lead to fusion centers being unaccountable to the public and, hence, a threat to the democratic process. These conditions are encapsulated in the case of official espionage in the state of Maryland at least between 2004 and 2006. Drawing on official documents, the history of 'homeland security' since World War II and the characteristics of fusion centers, the Department of Homeland Security, and events in Maryland are surveyed. Working within the contexts of social history, surveillance theory, and political economy, this paper is grounded in the work of Beck, Churchill and Wall, Donner, Fuchs, Graham, Lyon, McCulloch and Pickering, and Monahan.
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Buey Utrilla, Teresa. "Soportes epigráficos y promoción social: mujeres libertas promotoras de monumentos honoríficos en Tarraco = Epigraphic Media and Social Promotion: Freedwomen Sponsorhip of Honorific Monuments in Tarraco." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, no. 13 (December 15, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfi.13.2020.28537.

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Aunque privadas de libertad al nacer, muchas mujeres libertas buscaron adquirir posiciones destacadas en sus comunidades y acceder a ambientes sociales influyentes, para lo cual poseer una elevada capacidad económica fue sustancial. Muchas invirtieron su patrimonio en la dedicación honorífica, lo cual preservaba su memoria cívica y les reportaba enorme prestigio y honor. La epigrafía de Tarraco testimonia una veintena de mujeres de ascendencia servil que emplearon la conmemoración honorífica en monumentos lapídeos de prestigio para recordar a sus parientes, amigos o patrones. Así, el presente texto se focaliza en estas libertas a través de sus inscripciones, desde una óptica social y de género. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio onomástico y prosopográfico de cada una de las protagonistas, así como de los soportes epigráficos empleados y el lugar de localización de los mismos, con el fin de establecer las líneas comunes de su actuación.AbstractAlthough deprived from freedom at birth, many freedwomen sought nevertheless to acquire prominent positions in their communities and access influential social environments, for which having a high economic capacity was key. Many of them invested their wealth in honorary dedication, which preserved their civic memory and brought them enormous prestige and honor. The epigraphy from Tarraco documents around twenty cases of women of servile descent who used honorary commemoration in prestigious stone monuments to remember their relatives, friends or patrons. Thus, this text focuses on these freedwomen through their inscriptions, from a social and gender perspective. To this end, an onomastic and prosopographic study has been carried out of each of the protagonists, as well as of the epigraphic supports and their location, in order to establish the common lines of their action.
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33

Atherstone, Andrew. "Memorializing William Tyndale." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 90, no. 1 (March 2014): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.90.1.8.

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William Tyndale, the Bible translator and Reformation martyr, enjoyed a sudden revival of interest in the mid-nineteenth century. This article examines one important aspect of his Victorian rehabilitation – his memorialization in stone and bronze. It analyses the campaigns to,erect two monuments in his honour – a tower on Nibley Knoll in Gloucestershire, inaugurated in 1866; and a statue in central London, on the Thames Embankment, unveiled in 1884. Both enjoyed wide support across the political and ecclesiastical spectrum of Protestantism, and anti-Catholicism was especially prominent in the first initiative. Both monuments emphasized the blessings of the Bible in English, the importance of religious liberty, and the prosperity of England and the Empire as a result of its Reformation heritage. The article argues that controversy concerning Tractarianism and biblical criticism was brushed under the carpet, and Tyndales distinctive evangelical theology was deliberately downplayed, in order to present the martyr as a unifying figure attractive to a broad Protestant coalition.
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34

K.C, Chandra Bahadur. "For Whom the Bell Tolls: A Story of War for the Cause of Humanity and Democracy." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v2i1.36740.

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Set against the backdrop of Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), For Whom the Bell tolls provides the firsthand account of that war which Hemingway experienced by serving as a war correspondent. In the novel he takes the side of the Republic for the cause of humanity and democracy. The protagonist Robert Jordan, an American professor from Montana, volunteers his services in the war for anti-fascist cause. He himself thinks that he is inherently antifascist republican, who believes in life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. The novel asserts that the activities shown by the fascists or nationalists were full of selfish and misdirected aggressive impulses. This paper claims that the protagonist and other characters voluntarily involve in the war for the cause of humanity and democracy. The protagonist voluntarily takes part in blowing up the bridge at Guadarrama Mountains near Segovia to stop the Fascists away from the mountains to make the Republican attack successful. He was convinced that the Republicans meant for democratic, civilian, secular order. So he takes part in the war in foreign land for the cause of humanity. This war is related to politics, and the novel is in favour of republican alliance. The novel shows that war is inevitable part for the Republicans for their humanitarian cause. The novel tries to justify the war for the sake of preservation of republican norms like humanity, democracy, freedom, equality, rights of people and brotherhood.
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35

Peck, Gregory M., Ian A. Merwin, Christopher B. Watkins, Kathryn W. Chapman, and Olga I. Padilla-Zakour. "Maturity and Quality of ‘Liberty’ Apple Fruit Under Integrated and Organic Fruit Production Systems Are Similar." HortScience 44, no. 5 (August 2009): 1382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1382.

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Maturity and quality of fruit harvested from an orchard of disease-resistant ‘Liberty’ apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees was investigated during and after the transition from conventional to integrated (IFP) and organic fruit production (OFP) systems. Over 4 years, internal ethylene concentration, starch pattern index, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and percent of surface blush of fruit at harvest were not consistently different between fruit from IFP and OFP systems. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the fruit were also similar between treatments. IFP-grown fruit contained more potassium during the first 2 years and more calcium in all years than OFP-grown fruit. After fruit were stored in air at 0.5 °C for 9 weeks in 2007, OFP-grown apples were firmer and had higher SSC, TA, and SSC:TA ratios. In double-blind triangle taste tests, consumer panelists were able to discriminate between the fruit from each treatment, but in double-blind hedonic and intensity tests, panelists did not consistently rate one treatment more highly than the other. Overall, consumer panelists favorably rated internal quality of fruit grown under both IFP and OFP systems. In 2006, when weather and disease caused a high percentage of OFP-grown fruit to have cosmetic defects, the panelists rated the appearance of OFP-grown apples as less acceptable than the cleaner-looking IFP-grown apples. Our study of ‘Liberty’ apple fruit maturity and quality during a 4-year transition period from conventional to IFP and OFP systems showed that differences were small if present, whereas internal fruit quality was rarely different between systems.
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36

Reichley, A. James. "Democracy and Religion." PS: Political Science & Politics 19, no. 04 (1986): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500018540.

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Relations between American democracy and religion have always been somewhat equivocal.On the one hand, moral and ethical principles derived from the Judeo-Christian tradition have been a major source of democratic values. Religion was an important motivating factor in both the colonization of North America and the American Revolution. The Founding Fathers set such high store by religion that they included its free exercise along with free speech and a free press among the liberties specifically protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution. Organized religion played a key role in such drives to perfect democracy as the abolition of slavery, the enactment of woman's suffrage, and the civil rights struggle of the 1960s. Perhaps most important, the so-called Protestant ethic provided the moral bedrock on which republican institutions were built.On the other hand, democratic theorists and much of the general public have been wary of the absolutist social outlook often associated with religion. Practically all religions claim to embody ultimate truths about the nature of the universe and the human condition. At some level, therefore, they can hardly be tolerant of rival beliefs. Religious bodies can avoid social intolerance by acknowledging that human imperfection clouds and corrupts the judgments of all institutions, including the churches, or by limiting their social pronouncement to broad moral directives. In practice, however, individuals or institutions claiming to represent transcendent moral authority are often tempted to attach certainty to their opinions on complex issues in secular politics.
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37

Booker, Clyde G. "Review ofThe Attack on the Liberty: The Untold Story of Israel's Deadly 1967 Assault on a U.S. Spy Shipby James Scott." Cryptologia 34, no. 2 (March 31, 2010): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611191003600653.

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38

Elizabeth Bush. "Liberty or Death: The Surprising Story of Runaway Slaves Who Sided with the British during the American Revolution (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 63, no. 8 (2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.1692.

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39

Singer, Rita. "Estimation and Counting in the Block Corner." Arithmetic Teacher 35, no. 5 (January 1988): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.35.5.0010.

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Self-preservation caused me to begin using estimation and counting in my classroom block corner a a method of cleanup. A recent article about block-building in the Arithmetic Teacher (Carter 1985) gave me the impetu to hare my method. since cleanup is the bane of every early childhood classroom teacher. In my class of four-tosix-year-old, the children were allowed to keep their block constructions et up for the entire week. Their building consisted of airports. train stations, track, and roads; or hospital, Twin Tower, the Statue of Liberty, and tunnels, depending on the unit of study (e.g., transportation, health and nutrition, cities). We added accessories of trucks, trains, and people; named our constructions uing marker and construction paper; and wrote storie about our cities and towns. Then, on Friday, the “moment of truth” came with startling reality. We had to take down all these lovely buildings and put the blocks back in their proper places on the block shelves so that the custodian could clean the classroom floor.
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40

LEOGRANDE, WILLIAM M. "Enemies Evermore: US Policy Towards Cuba After Helms-Burton." Journal of Latin American Studies 29, no. 1 (February 1997): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x96004683.

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When Cuban MiGs blasted two civilian planes out of the sky over the Straits of Florida on February 24 1996, they also destroyed any chance of improved relations between Cuba and the United States as long as Fidel Castro remains in power. In Washington, outrage over the shoot-down resurrected the Helms-Burton bill, the most punitive legislation on Cuba since the early 1960s. On 12 March, President Bill Clinton signed the bill into law as the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996. In addition to assorted sanctions aimed at foreigners doing business in Cuba, the most consequential provision incorporates the US economic embargo into law. Heretofore, the embargo was based on presidential executive orders; it could be tightened or loosened at the president's discretion as conditions warranted. Under Helms-Burton, no president can lift or even relax the embargo until Fidel Castro and the existing Cuban regime fall from power. At a time when Cuba's domestic social and economic system is changing at break-neck speed, Washington's 35-year-old policy of hostility has just been chiselled in stone.
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41

Andonović, Stefan. "Strategic-legal framework of artificial intelligence in comparative law." Strani pravni zivot, no. 3 (2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz64-28166.

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Information-communication technologies are one of the basic characteristics of modern society. The great needs of the today's economy and society for better and efficient products and services have caused continuous development of the technological sector. In that manner, artificial intelligence is one of the most significant phenomena in this sector. Artificial intelligence could be described as possibility of computer programs to replace human intelligence and work in many activities. The use of an artificial intelligence system has provided many benefits to people who no longer have to go to a bank or a store, can organize meetings online and conduct conversations digitally, etc. However, new technologies also carry many risks to rights and freedoms, such as the right to privacy, the right to protection of personal data, the right to liberty, etc. Having in mind the importance of artificial intelligence for modern society and future generations, the author has analysed the normative framework of artificial intelligence. The primary focus of the research is on the regulation of artificial intelligence in comparative law. For that purpose, the author used the strategic documents of the EU, USA and Peoples Republic of China, as a leader in the fields of artificial intelligence. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of future research on artificial intelligence in various legal fields, which will inevitably meet new technological phenomena.
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42

Littlejohn, Jeffrey L. "Presidents and Civil Liberties from Wilson to Obama: A Story of Poor Custodians. By Samuel Walker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 546 pp." Presidential Studies Quarterly 44, no. 2 (April 22, 2014): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psq.12126.

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43

Littlejohn, Jeffrey L. "Presidents and Civil Liberties from Wilson to Obama: A Story of Poor Custodians. By Samuel Walker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 546 pp." Presidential Studies Quarterly 44, no. 4 (October 27, 2014): 791–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psq.12166.

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44

Antwi, Emmanuel. "AFRICA'S DIRGE: THE ILLUSION OF SOLUTIONS TO THE NATIONS?" JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 4, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v4i2.1299.

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Over the centuries, the theatrical and pretentious activities of African Political leaders have culminated in the evolution of a thick skin of carelessness and indifference guided by fuzzy and visionless eyes that stare hopelessly into the future. It is certainly difficult now to determine what could stair her to realize her precarious situation and act. Time and again African nations have proven unable to solve petty problems, thoughtless of managing weightier matters of the current century, while her keen and expectant citizens behold, distressed with disillusion and frustration. Employing a constructivist paradigm the studyfocuses onthe works of artists whose works reference issues of the continent of Africa, as means to lambast satirize and chastise her to wake up. The work is organised on the basis of Stream - Write,a qualitative method of research through art that share qualities of prose, poetry and drama to benefits from the expressive qualities available in same, and to allow for the liberty needed in exploring the domain of the intuitive, creative and sometimes illogical writing impulse. From all historical indications I submit in conclusion that indeed Africa is gleefully willing and hopeful to embrace an end far worse than her most dreadful past.
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45

Delate, Kathleen, Andrea McKern, Robert Turnbull, James T. S. Walker, Richard Volz, Allan White, Vincent Bus, et al. "Organic Apple Production in Two Humid Regions: Comparing Progress in Pest Management Strategies in Iowa and New Zealand." HortScience 43, no. 1 (February 2008): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.1.12.

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By 2003, organic apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] production had increased to 5626 ha in the United States and to 2964 ha in New Zealand by 2002. Common problems facing organic apple growers in the humid regions of New Zealand and the United States include effective management strategies for apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke)] and insect pests. Experiments conducted in Iowa in 2003–2004 demonstrated the effectiveness of a kaolin clay- and spinosad-based insecticide program in maintaining codling moth [Cydia pomonella (L.)] damage levels to less than 5% in the scab-resistant cultivars Enterprise, Liberty, Redfree, and Gold Rush. Similar pest management systems have been developed in New Zealand to comply with export standards and quarantines. The use of codling moth granulosis virus and a spinosad-based insecticide have led to reduced pest pressure and to an increase in organic exports with a 41% premium price over conventional apples. However, an association between spinosad use and woolly apple aphid [Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)] population increase was observed in organic orchard surveys in 2006. An alternative to spinosad applications, insect disinfestation through controlled atmosphere (CA) treatment, was investigated to control quarantined pests and to extend the storage potential of scab-resistant cultivars. A CA treatment of 9 weeks of 2% O2 and 2% CO2 at 0.5 °C was determined to maintain firmness ratings to export standards in CA-stored, scab-resistant ‘Pinkie’ apples and to decrease internal ethylene concentration by 84% compared with apples stored in air. In addition, new scab-resistant cultivars with ‘Pinkie’ background under development in New Zealand show promise for organic production in humid regions. Few fruit quality differences were determined between ‘Pinkie’ fruits from integrated fruit production and organic production systems, although premium prices exist only for certified organic apples.
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46

Zane, David F., Tesfaye M. Bayleyegn, Tracy L. Haywood, Dana Wiltz-Beckham, Harlan “Mark” Guidry, Carlos Sanchez, and Amy F. Wolkin. "Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response following Hurricane Ike—Texas, 25-30 September 2008." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 6 (December 2010): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008670.

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AbstractIntroduction:On 13 September 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall near Galveston, Texas, resulting in an estimated 74 deaths statewide and extensive damage in many counties. The Texas Department of State Health Services, US Public Health Service, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted assessments beginning 12 days following hurricane landfall to identify the public health needs of three affected communities. The results of the assessment are presented, and an example of a type of public health epidemiological response to a disaster due to a natural hazard is provided.Methods:A one-page questionnaire that focused on household public health characteristics was developed. Using a two-stage cluster sampling methodology, 30 census blocks were selected randomly in three communities (Galveston, Liberty, and Manvel, Texas). Seven households were selected randomly from each block to interview.Results:The assessments were conducted on 25, 26, and 30 September 2008. At the time of the interview, 45% percent of the households in Galveston had no electricity, and 26% had no regular garbage collection. Forty-six percent reported feeling that their residence was unsafe to inhabit due to mold, roof, and/or structural damage, and lack of electricity. Sixteen percent of households reported at least one member of the household had an injury since the hurricane. In Liberty, only 7% of the household members interviewed had no access to food, 4% had no working toilet, 2% had no running water, and 2% had no electricity. In Manvel, only 5% of the households did not have access to food, 3% had no running water, 2% had no regular garbage collection, and 3% had no electricity.Conclusions:Post-Ike household-level surveys conducted identified the immediate needs and associated risks of the affected communities. Despite the response efforts, a high proportion of households in Galveston still were reportedly lacking electricity and regular garbage pickup 17 days post-storm. The proportion of households with self-reported injury in Galveston suggested the need to enhance public education on how to prevent injuries during hurricane cleanup. Galveston public health officials used the assessment to educate local emergency and elected officials of the health hazards related to lack of basic utilities and medical care in the community. This resulted in the provision of an extensive public health outreach education program throughout the island. The Liberty and Manvel assessment findings suggest that most households in both communities were receiving the basic utilities and that the residents felt “safe”. The assessments reassured local health officials that there were no substantial acute public health needs and provided objective information that services were being restored.
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47

Dwyer, Karen S., Stephen J. Walsh, and Steven E. Campana. "Age determination, validation and growth of Grand Bank yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 5 (January 1, 2003): 1123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00125-5.

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Abstract Yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (Storer, 1839) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland were traditionally aged using surface-read whole otoliths. Age determination of otoliths from recaptures of fish tagged in the early 1990s indicated that the traditional ageing technique was underestimating the ages of yellowtail flounder when compared with the time at liberty. Age comparisons between whole and thin-sectioned otoliths showed agreement in age readings up to 7 years; thereafter whole otoliths tended to give much lower ages than those estimated by thin sections. Length–frequency analysis of pelagic and demersal juveniles, captive rearing of juveniles and marginal increment analysis all corroborated age determination based on thin sections. Tag-recaptures and bomb radiocarbon assays validated age interpretations based on thin sections in young and old yellowtail flounder, respectively. Ages were validated up to 25 years for females and 21 years for males. However, because of increased narrowing of annuli in thin-sectioned otoliths from old fish, even thin sections may underestimate the true age of the fish. von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters (combined sexes) were L∞ = 55.6 cm total length, K=0.16 and t0=−0.003. These results challenge the conventional view that yellowtail flounder on the Grand Banks are a relatively fast growing, short-lived species.
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48

Girgis, Gabrielle M. "Disability Rights and Religious Liberty in Education: The Story Behind Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District by Bruce J. Dierenfield and David A. Gerber." American Catholic Studies 132, no. 2 (2021): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/acs.2021.0031.

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49

Newton, L., A. Rosen, C. Tennant, C. Hobbs, H. M. Lapsley, and K. Tribe. "Deinstitutionalisation for Long-Term Mental Illness: An Ethnographic Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 3 (June 2000): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00733.x.

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Objective: Deinstitutionalisation of seriously mentally ill people in the developed world, including Australia, has occurred since the middle of this century. Evaluation of the effects of this change on the lives of individuals is of paramount importance to ensure that policies are acceptable and effective. Increasingly, multifaceted studies are considered essential for comprehensive health research. The qualitative aspect of this study complements the clinical and economic components. Method: An ethnographic approach enabled contextual, qualitative data to be gathered from within the social world of 47 hospital residents as they moved to the community. A social anthropologist acting explicitly as a participant observer undertook fieldwork over two and a half years both pre- and post-discharge. Qualitative data were collected, stored and analysed separately from quantitative and economic data. Results: Ethnographic findings generally supported and, in many cases, mirrored clinical results. Of the total cohort of 47 patients transferred to the community, the 40 who continue to live outside of hospital all reported a preference for community living. The importance of freedom and simple liberties cannot be underestimated as factors that enabled this resilient group of people to work creatively through difficult periods. Conclusion: Properly planned and resourced deinstitutionalisation not only maintains people with a prolonged mental illness outside of hospital, it also enhances their quality of life. Subjective descriptive material focusing on personal experiences adds meaning to quantitative research data allowing health professionals to more fully understand the implications of health policy on the lives of individuals.
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50

Gale, Chris. "Textbook on Civil Liberties and Human Rights, by Richard Stone, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 9th edition, 2012, 535 pp., £31.79 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-19-964197-0." Law Teacher 46, no. 3 (December 2012): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2012.732402.

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