Academic literature on the topic 'Library’s physical environment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Library’s physical environment"
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Moorhouse, Anna. "When the Doors Close: Promoting Academic Library Services in a Remote Environment through Strategic Storytelling." Journal of Library Outreach and Engagement 2, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.jloe.v2i1.924.
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During times of upheaval, storytelling can become a bridge to establish organizational trust and convey essential service information. When the doors to the University of British Columbia Library’s physical branches closed in March 2020, the work performed by librarians and library staff across campus didn’t stop—instead, it pivoted, shifted and expanded. UBC Library's Communications & Marketing team created a three-part story series to strategically draw the focus of the wider campus community to promote these new and adapted services and reinforce the library’s essential role in research, teaching and learning. Using this series as a case study, this article explores how to craft and pitch a compelling academic library services story.
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Tsorlini, Angeliki. "Documenting, organizing and demonstrating the cartographic wealth of a library, through an information system, to the public." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-370-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Historical maps consist an important source of information and a research tool for several researchers of various scientific fields, especially the humanities (Michev 2016), who are working on the geographic analysis of the environment. For them, the digital comparative analysis of historical and modern maps offers a variety of benefits. It expands the scope of their research, providing them the opportunity to study the geometric and thematic properties of the maps, or they use maps constructed on different periods to detect and determine changes in the physical environment, border changes, or changes on the toponyms (e.g. Boutoura & Livieratos, 1986, 2006; Livieratos, 2006; Tsorlini et al, 2010). This is really essential, especially when these changes are only apparent through maps and no other written source exists (Tsorlini et al, 2017).</p><p>Historical maps in different forms, independent or embedded in books, atlases or map series, are located in map collections mainly in libraries worldwide. These cartographic materials abroad are stored in specific departments in the libraries, where specialized personnel deals with them and is responsible for their management, preservation and demonstration to the public. This is not the case for our country, since many historical maps and other related cartographic material in libraries, remain almost unknown to researchers and generally to the public. Sometimes, there are difficulties even to detect historical maps in the library’s system, because they are documented and recorded following specific rules related mainly to traditional descriptive methods applied in book-keeping and book-archiving (Boutoura, 2014). As a consequence, there are important maps, who haven’t been studied or analysed until today and their important value has not been exploited yet in library’s environment.</p><p>One of the most important libraries in Greece and the second in size after the National Library, is the Library and Information Centre of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH Library). The cartographic material located in AUTH Library has not been documented and studied properly in all its size and the cartographic wealth has not been exploited in Library’s environment, until its cooperation with the Laboratory of Cartography and Geographical Analysis which was realized recently. In the frame of this cooperation, a research project was developed focusing on one of the AUTH Library’s collections, the very important Ioannis Tricoglou Library, with the aim to collect, document and organize the cartographic material found in this collection, in an information system, which will give the opportunity to researchers and to the general public to search for maps, independent or embedded in books, and to find relevant information for them through an easy and user-friendly digital environment. In this way, historical maps and other cartographic material located in Library’s collections will be demonstrated to researchers and the general public, presenting and promoting also the cartographic wealth of the library.</p><p>The main stages of this project are: a) the collection and documentation of the maps found in Ioannis Tricoglou Library, b)the proper transformation of these data to provide information through a database, c) the connection of the maps in thedatabase with other related textual and pictorial sources, in order to enrich the information provided for the maps not onlyfor researchers and students, but also for the library’s staff, simplifying in this way the searching procedure and finally(Tsorlini et al, 2018a), and finally, d) the development of a user-friendly digital environment, which will provide accessto historical maps and relevant cartographic material located in Ioannis Tricoglou Library. Emphasis on this project isgiven to the maps which were found inside the books, since they were not recorded and documented correctly, they werenot digitized in the proper way, thus it was impossible to detect them through the existing library’s system (Tsorlini et al,2018b).</p><p>In this paper, we will analyse shortly the main stages of the project and we will discuss the problems appeared during the whole procedure. Moreover, we will present its results, which can assist to the improvement of the library’s searching system and to the demonstration of the unknown cartographic wealth of the library to the academic community and general public.</p>
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Askin, Nicole, Maureen Babb, Pamela Darling, Orvie Dingwall, Lenore Finlay, Kathy Finlayson, Cheryl Haas, and Angela Osterreicher. "Not Virtual Enough: A Virtual Library’s Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research 16, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v16i1.6442.
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As part of the University of Manitoba Libraries Outreach Services, the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA) Virtual Library provides library services to hospitals, health centres, community health agencies, and personal care homes throughout the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba. All services of the WRHA Virtual Library, including the collection, are entirely virtual, though staff are physically located in the University’s health library. In March 2020, shortly after the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, libraries around the world started closing their doors and staff were required to work from home. The virtual infrastructure of our services and collections required no changes in how our patrons accessed the Virtual Library and a smooth transition was expected, but the sudden shift to working from home revealed gaps. This article discusses the unique experience of the WRHA Virtual Library transitioning to a completely virtual environment, the previous reliance on the University’s physical infrastructure, and the inequities identified between librarians and library technicians.
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Bussell, Hilary. "Students Experience Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Academic Library Spaces." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29988.
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A Review of: Mei, X. Y., Aas, E., & Eide, O. (2020). Applying the servicescape model to understand student experiences of a Norwegian academic library. Library & Information Science Research, 42(4), Article 101051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2020.101051 Abstract Objective – To understand how the physical environment of an academic library influences user behaviour. Design – Qualitative explorative. Setting – An academic library at a large university in Norway. Subjects – Twelve bachelor’s and master’s students at a business school. Methods – The researchers used a two-step approach, with the servicescape model from the marketing discipline serving as a theoretical framework. Subjects completed several tasks involving drawing and elaborating on their usage of the library space, utilizing a bird’s-eye floor plan. This was followed by semi-structured interviews to explore how subjects use and experience the library facilities. Main Results – Students found it important to be physically comfortable and to have enough room for the items they need while studying. The library in this study was seen more as a place for studying than for social interactions, and while some subjects reported being motivated by seeing students around them studying, others said they are distracted by having other students in their sightline. The time of the semester appeared to influence user experience and satisfaction with the library space, with spaces conducive to group work desired at some points in the semester and with single seating preferred when individual exams are taking place. Conclusion – The library’s physical environment triggers cognitive and emotional responses in users. These responses influence how frequently they visit the library and how well they are able to concentrate while there. Because academic library spaces have an impact on student learning, it is important to design libraries with user comfort in mind. Libraries should accommodate the different ways students work throughout the semester by providing flexible study space configurations.
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Wildemuth, Barbara M. "Libraries’ Contributions to the Quality of UK University Research Environments Were Not Acknowledged in REF 2014, but Could Be Made More Visible in REF 2021." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29889.
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A Review of: Walker, D. (2020). Libraries and the REF: How do librarians contribute to research excellence? Insights, 33(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.497 Abstract Objective – To measure the extent to which libraries’ contributions to United Kingdom (UK) university research excellence were referenced in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 unit-level research environment statements, and to make recommendations to libraries for increasing their visibility in the research setting. Design – Content analysis of an existing corpus. Setting – Evaluation of research environments conducted as part of the UK REF 2014 assessment. Subjects – 1,891 unit-level research environment statements submitted for REF 2014. Methods – Each unit-level research environment statement was categorized in terms of how extensively it referenced library or librarian contributions: no mention, brief mention, or substantive mention. The frequency and percentage of each level of mention are reported overall and by disciplinary panel. Main Results – Across all panels, only 25.8% of the statements included substantive references to the library or librarians; most of these were lists of electronic and physical collections, but they also included discussions of the research support services offered by librarians. There were disciplinary differences in the extent of the references to libraries, from 7.2% containing substantive references in a panel examining science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) units to 44.0% containing substantive references in the panel examining arts and humanities units. Conclusion – In REF 2014, libraries and librarians were rarely discussed in unit-level research environment statements. While this lack of representation may be due to shortcomings of the library’s relationship with the university’s research office, librarians could use a number of approaches to becoming more visible in the REF 2021 research environment statements. Specifically, they could highlight their roles in: ensuring discoverability and accessibility of information resources to researchers; improving research practices through teaching informational and organizational skills, providing direct support to research students and staff, and providing research data management services; managing the research information systems that capture and make discoverable the university’s non-article research outputs; providing support in relation to the responsible use of bibliometrics and other measures of article quality and impact; further developing article impact by training researchers to use social media to their advantage; developing open research initiatives; and assisting with the REF submission process.
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Bondarenko, Viktoriya, and Tetiana Hranchak. "Library’s Augmented Reality (AR) Projects: Foreign Experience." Ukrainian Journal on Library and Information Science, no. 7 (June 4, 2021): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7654.7.2021.233305.
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The article analyzes the positive foreign experience of implementing augmented reality (AR) library projects. It has been found out that the most common uses of augmented reality in libraries today are providing access to information products with augmented reality and their promotion, navigation of library space and resources, promoting user education through the creation of appropriate applications with learning materials and resources and simplification for the user assimilation of information due to the diversity and interactivity of its visual presentation, informing and providing access to cultural heritage sites, organizing tours and exhibitions. Given that the use of AR in libraries not only expands the range of services and resources but also positively affects its reputation as an interactive creative institution, open to users and innovation, AR technology is effective not only in the library service system but also in the marketing activities of the institution, helping to attract new users. Current approaches to the implementation of library projects using augmented reality technology are highlighted. Their assistance in strengthening corporate culture, inter-institutional ties, and civil society is substantiated. It has been proved that the AR applications created as a result of project implementation operate on the principle of integrated information products, which allow the user to access distributed information from one access point via mobile phone, integrating not only information of the virtual space of the Internet environment but also real, physical, space. The advantages of AR implementation in the library have been determined, among which: budget realization, easy integration with available technologies, and promotion of interactivity of library service. The need for professional development of librarians and the organization of training courses on the use of immersive technologies in library activities is emphasized.
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Chen, Yi-Chang, Chao-Chung Ho, and Shih-Ming Kuo. "Service Quality of and User Satisfaction with Non-State-Owned Academic Libraries in China: Integrating the Fuzzy Delphi Method with the Kano Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 8506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148506.
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Libraries are digitizing, and challenges are posed by digital technologies for institutions of higher education in China. This study aims to present the dimensionality of perceived service quality, its effect on customer satisfaction, and the case of a non-state-owned library’s academic service quality. A sample consisting of valid 453 respondents used online recruitment to retrieve answers to questionnaires. Ten experts were invited to review the questionnaire for content validity and question clarity. In this study, the Fuzzy Delphi method was used to establish questionnaire indices and the attributes of library academic service quality elements made available by the Kano model. Three dimensions, including emotional service, physical environment, and information control, which are correlated under the attribute classification of the Kano model, indicate support for the validity of using integrated models in measuring library service quality. The results, according to the improvements in the customer satisfaction matrix, provide nine elements to improve the quality of service and two major improvements to enhance the perception of service quality. In addition, users pay less attention to the use of academic resources and academic ethics, but these factors do not affect the quality of service.
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Hillman, Christina, Kourtney Blackburn, Kaitlyn Shamp, and Chenisvel Nunez. "User-focused, User-led: Space Assessment to Transform a Small Academic Library." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83x00.
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Abstract
Objective – By collecting and analyzing evidence from three data points, researchers sought to understand how library spaces are used. Researchers have used results for evidence based decision making regarding physical library spaces.
Methods – Undergraduate researchers, sociology faculty, and librarians used mixed-methods to triangulate findings. Seating sweeps were used to map patrons’ activities in the library. Student-led focus groups discussed patterns of library use, impressions of facilities, and library features and services. The final step included a campus survey developed from seating sweeps and focus group findings.
Results – Seating sweeps showed consistent use of the library's main level Learning Commons and upper level quiet spaces; the library’s multipurpose lower level is under-utilized. Students use the main level of the library for collaborative learning, socializing, reading, and computer use. Students use the upper level for quiet study and group work in study rooms. Focus group findings found library use is task-specific. For example, a student may work with classmates on a project using the main level Learning Commons during the day, and then come back at night to use the quiet floor for test preparation. Survey responses highlighted areas in which the library is deficient. For example, respondents cited crowdedness, noise levels, and temperature concerns.
Conclusion – These data offer empirical evidence for library space needs. Some data aligns with previous space studies conducted at this library: access to power outlets, lighting, noise, and an outdated environment. Evidence also supports anecdotal concerns of crowding, graduate students lacking designated study space, and the need for quiet study space away from group study space.
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DuBroy, Michelle. "There Can Be No Single Approach for Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Academic Libraries, but Sensory-Friendly Spaces and Clear Policies May Help." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29552.
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A Review of:
Anderson, A. (2018). Autism and the academic library: A study of online communication. College & Research Libraries, 79(5), 645-658. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.5.645
Abstract
Objective – To investigate how people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) discuss their experiences in academic libraries in an online community of their peers.
Design – Qualitative content analysis.
Setting – Online discussion forum.
Subjects – An unknown number of registered members of Wrong Planet (wrongplanet.net), who self-identify as having ASD and have posted about academic libraries on the public discussion board since 2004.
Methods – Potentially relevant Wrong Planet public discussion board threads posted between 2004 and an undisclosed collection date were retrieved using an advanced Google search with the search strategy “library; librarian; lib; AND college; university; uni; campus” (p. 648). Each thread (total 170) was read in its entirety to determine its relevance to the study, and a total of 98 discussion threads were ultimately included in the analysis. Data were coded inductively and deductively, guided by the research questions and a conceptual framework which views ASD as being (at least partially) socially constructed. Coding was checked for consistency by another researcher.
Main results – Wrong Planet members expressed a variety of views regarding the academic library’s physical environment, its resources, and the benefits and challenges of interacting socially within it. Many members discussed using the library as a place to escape noise, distraction, and social interaction, while other members expressed the opposite, finding the library, its resources, and its patrons to be noisy, distracting, and even chaotic. Social interaction in the library was seen both positively and negatively, with members appearing to need clearly defined rules regarding collaboration, noise, and behaviour in the library.
Conclusion – While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to supporting students with ASD in academic libraries, the findings suggest it may be beneficial to provide sensory-friendly environments, designate defined spaces for quiet study and for collaboration, clearly state rules regarding noise and behaviour, and provide informal opportunities to socialize. The author also suggests libraries raise awareness of the needs of ASD students among the entire academic community by hosting events and seminars. The author plans to build on these findings by surveying and interviewing relevant stakeholders.
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Harindya Putri, Debri. "Evaluation of Standard Concepts Design of Library Interior Physical Environment." Record and Library Journal 2, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/rlj.v2-i2.2016.198-211.
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Currently the function of a room is not only used as a shelter, the function of the room itself to be increased as a refreshing or relaxation area for users to follow the development of creativity and technology in the field of design. The comfortable factor becomes the main factor that indicates a successful process of creating a space. No exception library. The nature of library seemed stiff because of its function as a place to read, now can be developed and made into more dynamic with the special design concepts or color patterns used. Libraries can be created a special concept that suits the characteristics of the users themselves. Most users of the library, especially in college libraries are teenagers. Naturally, teenagers like to gather with their friends and we have to facilitate this activity in our library design concept. In addition we can also determine the needs of users through research by questionnaire method. The answers of users can be mapped and drawn conclusions. To explore the research, the author reviewed some literature about library interior design and observed the library of Ma Chung University as a case study. The combined results of the method can be concluded and the discovery of ideal standards of physical environment. So, the library can be made as a comfortable reading environment so as to increased interest in reading behavior and the frequent visits of students in the library
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Library’s physical environment"
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Alharbi, Awadh. "The relationship between academic library usage and perceived personal performance in Kuwait." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53122/1/Awadh_Alharbi_Thesis.pdf.
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Academic libraries around the world often have to justify high maintenance costs. High maintenance costs of university libraries are often justified by the belief that regular use of an academic library improves the grades of students. However, this is a difficult statement to support, therefore demonstrating the link between library use and student outcomes is critical to ensuring that library investment continues.
Questionnaires and interviews were conducted and the findings were analysed to derive users’ perceptions. The findings revealed interesting results regarding how users make use of the library and how users feel the library improves their personal performance. Overall, the perception of all three groups of the academic libraries within Kuwait is positive, however many users are dissatisfied with some academic library services. Students answered positively regarding their grades and use of the academic library. Academics and administrators were generally positive and offered an experienced insight into the quality of the library. This study offers the first perception based results in Kuwait. The inclusion of administrators’ perceptions is also novel in terms of the Gulf States. A refined model was designed based on the overall findings within the study. This model can be applied to any academic library, regardless of size or collection type.
Based on findings, the researcher recommends taking the following points into consideration in order to improve library services and facilities for all users. Improvements could be made in the structure of library training courses and academic libraries should be providing flexible spaces for individuals and group study as well as social activities.
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Di, Giovanni Bianca. "Lost & Found Videothek Non-Ubiquitous Video Library for Serendipitous Retrieval of Movies. A Design Exploration for the Introduction of Folksonomy in the Physical Space." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21373.
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Lost&Found Videothek is the concept for an interactive video library thought for users engaged in an exploratory research mode, in which content is organized according to a collaborative, subjective and implicit indexing system for the enhancement of serendipity. This idea was the result of a design-based research with a user-centered approach in the field of information retrieval. With the use of design methods such as heuristic UX evaluation, co-sketching, and other original design experiments, the project aimed at identifying the most valuable qualities of physical and digital libraries in order to integrate them within one retrieval system.
Books on the topic "Library’s physical environment"
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Canada, National Library of. The accessible Canadian library: A planning workbook for a barrier-free environment. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1986.
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Skelton, Kimberley, ed. Early Modern Spaces in Motion. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725811.
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Stretching back to antiquity, motion had been a key means of designing and describing the physical environment. But during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, individuals across Europe increasingly designed, experienced, and described a new world of motion: one characterized by continuous, rather than segmented, movement. New spaces that included vistas along house interiors and uninterrupted library reading rooms offered open expanses for shaping sequences of social behaviour, scientists observed how the Earth rotated around the sun, and philosophers attributed emotions to neural vibrations in the human brain. Early Modern Spaces in Motion examines this increased emphasis on motion with eight essays encompassing a geographical span of Portugal to German-speaking lands and a disciplinary range from architectural history to English. It consequently merges longstanding strands of analysis considering people in motion and buildings in motion to explore the cultural historical attitudes underpinning the varied impacts of motion in early modern Europe.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Building programs in a Linux environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0001.
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A specific computing technology is commonplace in the ecosystem of modern scientific computing. Elements of this technology, including the linux and OS/X operating systems and the C++ computing language, are introduced, and provide the student with a basis for writing and building programs to solve mathematical and scientific problems that occur throughout the text and most likely throughout a career in the physical sciences. While high-level languages may facilitate computation (or not), they often complicate the build procedure. This chapter discusses the steps involved in the build of simple and more complicated programs and program libraries, the use of external libraries or APIs, and automation of build procedures. Advice is given on mysterious problems in the build and execution of a program, and on the utilities that can be used to elucidate them. Source code management systems are also discussed.
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Scott, Wendy. Accessible Canadian Library: A Planning Workbook for a Barrier-Free Environment (Dss Cat No. Sn3-227). Canadian Government Pub Centre, 1986.
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Robertson, Beth M. The Archival Imperative: Can Oral History Survive the Funding Crisis in Archival Institutions? Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0027.
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This article strives to answer the question of whether oral history can survive the funding crisis that rages archival institutions. The cost and complexity of managing archival collections in libraries and archives are increasing at unprecedented rates. Collecting institutions are expected to do more with less, a common experience for most publicly funded repositories since the 1980s. Institutions struggling with backlogs of physical collections are now responsible for electronic collections that grow exponentially and require new formats with astonishing frequency. Archives must provide online as well as on-site services to satisfy researchers, and those who allocate funding. In some ways, oral history is well adapted to survive in this tumultuous environment. Many archival institutions have been educating local practitioners since the 1970s about the standards required by their repositories. The pragmatism required for preservation strategies will be anathema to some curators, just as the underlying principles have been to some archivists in recent years.
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Wilson, Nick. Working Life in Oxford. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0009.
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The chapter relates the developments in the working environment of OUP staff, concentrating on the Oxford buildings, and assessing what impact the alterations and expansions to the physical space of the Press had on the people who worked there. New buildings allowed the concentration of publishing activities in one location after the closure of the London Business and the Printing House; the redevelopment of Walton Street introduced a new staff restaurant, museum, library, and conference facilities as well as new offices, making the site a showplace for visitors and providing staff with a large democratic space. These changes were paralleled by changes to the structure of the Press, which required and were driven by the growing professionalism of the staff, particularly within administration, human resources, and marketing. OUP has always encouraged an active social life for its staff and the chapter highlights some of their sporting, musical, and dramatic activities.
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Balyshev, Marat. Astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century. “Naukova Dumka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/978-966-00-1863-1.
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The main milestones of the formation and development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during 1883–1945 are reconstructed on the example of the activities of the astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University. During this period, the outstanding worldview science in Kharkiv has achieved significant success: the works of Kharkiv astronomers have received world recognition; a well-known scientific planetary school has been established at the Observatory; the scientific community highly appreciated the research on the physics and chemistry of the Moon, the giant and small planets of the Solar System. The primary goal of the research is to inscribe the history of the university Observatory into the European and world context. Its purpose is to summarize the results of a comprehensive historical ad scientific study of the development of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century and identification of ways of further scientific research. The completed research, which continues the problems of works devoted to the study of the history of astronomical science in Ukraine, focuses on expanding the well-known source base by attracting new retro-information resources. In particular, the monograph used a significant array of archival primary sources from almost twenty archival and library institutions of different countries. Most of them were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed to determine and specify the sequence of stages of development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during the research period, to clarify and identify the little-known circumstances of the observatory life. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historism, objectivity and a systematic approach to studying the problem. To solve specific problematic tasks in the monograph, general scientific and specially historical methods were used which allowed to study, analyze and summarize the presented factual material in a complex manner. The main sections of the monograph represent the dynamics of replenishment of the instrumental base of the university observatory, the chronology of the construction of the observatory complex of buildings at the location of the modern Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. According to the author’s periodization, the stages of formation of subjects and directions of scientific work of university astronomers have been analyzed, including: seismic observations with the help of horizontal Rebeur-Paschwitz pendulums, research of the activity of the Sun, astrometric observations on the Repsold meridian circle of for the purpose of compiling a catalog of zodiac stars, studying lunar eclipses and meteor showers. The participation of university astronomers in the creation of the plan of the city of Kharkiv and its connection with the general network of precise geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff; the organization of observations by an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers of the total Solar eclipse of 1914 in Henichesk; the creation of the School-workshop of precision mechanics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kharkiv University were considered; information on the participation of Kharkiv astronomers in the events of the civil war during the Ukrainian Revolution was documented. The scientific research activity of Kharkiv astronomers during 1920-1930-s which was devoted to carrying out important astrometric works on meridian observations of star declinations by absolute methods and observations of Kopf-Rentz stars according to the programs of the International Astronomical Union; the initiation of the creation of the Catalog of faint stars; research in astrophysics aimed at studying the physical conditions on the Moon and the Sun, planets and the interstellar environment; performing long series of spectrophotometric observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn under different conditions of observation; study of the kinematics of stellar systems of different order, the physical parameters and evolution of stars, the morphology of the Galaxy, the nature of the stellar subsurfaces and atmospheres, dust and gas nebulae, new stars and the variability of stars have been considered; the directions of solid works carried out in the field of celestial mechanics, devoted to the dynamics of the minor planets of the Jupiter group, the definition and improvement of the orbits of minor planets have been clarified. The development of amateur astronomy in Kharkiv, in particular, the functioning of circles and societies that directed their activities to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, was highlighted; the participation of their representatives in astronomical observations at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory was emphasized. Reconstructed the development of historical events in the 1930s related to the involvement of Soviet and Western astronomers in the processes of political confrontation between the USSR and the Western world; investigated the course of circumstances that prevented the implementation of the project of creating a new modern astronomical center of national importance – the central Ukrainian observatory in Kharkiv; the participation of an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers in the observation of the «great Soviet eclipse» – the total solar eclipse of 1936 – in the North Caucasus is highlighted; established the facts of political «purges» and repressions by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( the NKVD) in the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. The activity of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been documented and authentic biographical information about its representatives during the Nazi occupation of 1941–1943, the period of the German-Soviet war, has been presented; the unpopular facts of the forced collaboration of some scientists are highlighted; the process of recovery and reconstruction of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory after the liberation of the city is characterized. With the aim of researching the personal history of Kharkiv astronomy of the studied period, the monograph presents the results of a historical and biographical study of facts of life and scientific heritage of scientists who fully devoted themselves to Science, laid the foundations for the future development of many directions of modern astronomical research, made a significant contribution to the treasury of the national and European astronomical science, whose activities were connected with the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, in particular: Grigory Levytsky, Ludwig Struve, Mykola Evdokymov, Otto Struve, Mykola Barabashov, Boris Gerasimovich, Vasil Fesenkov, Oleksiy Razdolsky, Boris Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, Nicholas Bobrovnikov, Paraskovia Parkhomenko, Mstislav Savron, Boris Semeykin, Kostyantyn Savchenko and others (25 biographical essays are presented). A significant part of the mentioned factual material was also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. A separate section of the monograph provides chronologically structured information that reflects the sequence of research work of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory employees during the period under study: from astrometric observations of stars and seismic research to spectrohelioscopic and spectroheliographic observations of the Sun and the initiation of the Kharkiv school of planetary science. It is assumed that the materials of the monograph will be used in research work devoted to the study of the process of institutionalization of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century.
Book chapters on the topic "Library’s physical environment"
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Noble, Allen G. "The Physical Environment." In The GeoJournal Library, 41–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1748-4_3.
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Schery, Stephen D. "Physical Behavior of Aerosol Particles." In Environmental Science and Technology Library, 129–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0786-3_4.
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Kramberger, Gregor. "Solid State Detectors for High Radiation Environments." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 965–1034. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35318-6_21.
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Schopper, Herwig. "Introduction." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38207-0_1.
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AbstractSince old ages it has been one of the noble aspirations of humankind to understand the world in which we are living. In addition to our immediate environment, planet earth, two more remote frontiers have attracted interest: the infinitely small and the infinitely large. A flood of new experimental and theoretical results obtained during the past decades has provided a completely new picture of the micro- and macrocosm and surprisingly intimate relations have been discovered between the two. It turned out that the understanding of elementary particles and the forces acting between them is extremely relevant for our perception of the cosmological development. Quite often scientific research is supported because it is the basis for technical progress and for the material well-being of humans. The exploration of the microcosm and the universe contributes to this goal only indirectly by the development of better instruments and new techniques. However, it tries to answer some fundamental questions which are essential to understand the origins, the environment and the conditions for the existence of humankind and thus is an essential part of the cultural heritage.
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Rosten, Harvey I., and Clemens J. M. Lasance. "DELPHI: The Development of Libraries of Physical Models of Electronic Components for an Integrated Design Environment." In Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 63–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2335-2_5.
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Metral, E., G. Rumolo, and W. Herr. "Impedance and Collective Effects." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 105–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_4.
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AbstractAs the beam intensity increases, the beam can no longer be considered as a collection of non-interacting single particles: in addition to the “single-particle phenomena”, “collective effects” become significant. At low intensity a beam of charged particles moves around an accelerator under the Lorentz force produced by the “external” electromagnetic fields (from the guiding and focusing magnets, RF cavities, etc.). However, the charged particles also interact with themselves (leading to space charge effects) and with their environment, inducing charges and currents in the surrounding structures, which create electromagnetic fields called wake fields. In the ultra-relativistic limit, causality dictates that there can be no electromagnetic field in front of the beam, which explains the term “wake”. It is often useful to examine the frequency content of the wake field (a time domain quantity) by performing a Fourier transformation on it. This leads to the concept of impedance (a frequency domain quantity), which is a complex function of frequency. The charged particles can also interact with other charged particles present in the accelerator (leading to two-stream effects, and in particular to electron cloud effects in positron/hadron machines) and with the counter-rotating beam in a collider (leading to beam–beam effects). As the beam intensity increases, all these “perturbations” should be properly quantified and the motion of the charged particles will eventually still be governed by the Lorentz force but using the total electromagnetic fields, which are the sum of the external and perturbation fields. Note that in some cases a perturbative treatment is not sufficient and the problem has to be solved self consistently. These perturbations can lead to both incoherent (i.e. of a single particle) and coherent (i.e. of the centre of mass) effects, in the longitudinal and in one or both transverse directions, leading to beam quality degradation or even partial or total beam losses. Fortunately, stabilising mechanisms exist, such as Landau damping, electronic feedback systems and linear coupling between the transverse planes (as in the case of a transverse coherent instability, one plane is usually more critical than the other).
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Cornips, Leonie, and Louis van den Hengel. "Place-Making by Cows in an Intensive Dairy Farm: A Sociolinguistic Approach to Nonhuman Animal Agency." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 177–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_11.
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AbstractBased on recent ethnographic fieldwork at an intensive dairy farm, this chapter examines the usefulness of posthuman critical theory for developing a new sociolinguistic approach to nonhuman animal agency. We explore how dairy cows, as encaged sentient beings whose mobility is profoundly restricted by bars and fences, negotiate their environment as a material-semiotic resource in linguistic acts of place-making. Drawing on the fields of critical posthumanism, new materialism and sociolinguistics, we explain how dairy cows imbue their physical space with meaning through materiality, the body and language. By developing a non-anthropocentric approach to language as a practice of more-than-human sociality, we argue for establishing egalitarian research perspectives beyond the assumptions of human exceptionalism and species hierarchy. The chapter thus aims to contribute towards a new understanding of nonhuman agency and interspecies relationships in the Anthropocene.
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Koskinen, Hannu E. J., and Emilia K. J. Kilpua. "Drivers and Properties of Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Library, 121–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82167-8_5.
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AbstractHow different wave modes are driven, is a central issue in space plasma physics. A practical problem is that often only indirect evidence of the driver can be identified in observations. The plasma environment is complex and variable and already a small difference in background or initial conditions may lead to widely different observable outcomes. In this chapter we discuss drivers of waves causing acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt particles, whereas Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-82167-8_6 discusses these effects in detail. We note that while this division is motivated in a textbook, it is somewhat artificial and the growth of the waves and their consequences often need to be studied together. For example, a whistler-mode wave can grow from thermal fluctuations due to gyro-resonant interactions until a marginally stable state is reached or nonlinear growth takes over. The growing wave starts to interact with different particle populations leading to damping or further growth of the wave. The fluxes of the higher-energy radiation belt particles are, however, small compared to the lower-energy background population, which supports the wave. Thus their effects on the overall wave activity usually remain small, although the waves can have drastic effect on higher-energy populations. Consequently, these two chapters should be studied together.
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Belawati, Tian. "Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_87-1.
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AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.
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Belawati, Tian. "Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 677–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_87.
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AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.
Conference papers on the topic "Library’s physical environment"
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Csík, Tibor. "A könyvtárak az új digitális világban." In Networkshop. HUNGARNET Egyesület, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31915/nws.2021.3.
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According to Umberto Eco, books share their fates with their readers. Carrying the idea forward, not only books but also libraries share their fates with their readers. The state of a society is well illustrated by the state of its libraries and how to access information resources. The aim of the presentation is to examine the impact of libraries and their services on the neoliberal economic environment and the expanding process of commodification. Nicholas Negroponte (MIT) stated in 2010 that the physical book will be dead in five years. Although his provocative forecast has not been confirmed, the ratio of online resources in the acquisition of libraries is increasing. Technology companies have approached libraries to digitize their printed collection. Then the digital contents were sold, or used in accordance with their commercial interests to expand the advertising network. Information companies offered e-journals in large bundles for sale to libraries. Despite their promise, the price of digital publications has not become cheaper, but prices have risen steadily. The economic crisis of the early 2000s led to the closure of many public libraries. However libraries cannot become an information soup kitchen, where equal access to data and information hides the fact that there is inequality in access to meaningful information or important knowledge. The tasks of teaching library is not only to teach library and research skills, navigation on web, information retrieval from databases and how acting a law-abiding information consumer. Libraries can teach about information production and current information economics in part of information literacy. Libraries play a role in electronic publishing through their digital collections and repositories.
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Mays, Antje, and Oya Y. Rieger. "Legacy Missions in Times of Change: Defining and Shaping Collections in the 21st Century." In Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Univeristy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317167.
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Despite the rapidly changing information and technology landscape, collections remain at the heart of academic libraries, signifying their enduring importance in providing access to our cultural heritage. Given broader trends in research and the current information ecology of an increasingly networked, distributed, and licensed environment, building collections and developing collection polices is increasingly ambiguous. These trends impact librarians in form of ever-expanding portfolios, diffusion of effort, weakened sense of focus, and a rising sense of persistent yet unmet needs for developing new skills. This paper outlines current research on collection trends and summarizes the interactive exchanges from the 2019 Charleston Conference Lively Session (https://sched.co/UZR5). Through live polling, session participants identified key trends in libraries and collections: Key trends included business models, budget constraints, consortium deals, continued importance of subscribed content, access vs. ownership, digitization of unique local collections, digital humanities, digital scholarship, library publishing projects, growing library investments in Open Access (OA), and collection diversification efforts with a view to equity and social justice. Among emerging library services, data services and digitization ranked highest in importance. The most-cited wish-list items included transformative deals, stronger campus partnerships, more OA projects, reduced copyright barriers in sharing homegrown digitized video content, as well as skill development in Counter 5 and data analysis. Existing physical and digital preservation programs received only lower-middle strength ratings. Among long-established library characteristics, collection policies, subscribed content, interlibrary loan, and consortial borrowing and lending retained enduring value and high rankings in importance. Tensions continue between ownership, borrowing, and access.
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Smirnov, Andrei, Andrew Burt, Hanzhoug Zhang, and Ismail Celik. "Multi-Physics Simulations of Fuel Cells Using Multi-Component Modeling." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50088.
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Multi-physics simulations based on multi-component multi-solver modeling approach were performed for high-temperature fuel cells. The developed approach was primarily aimed at the design of complex multi-component engineering systems. It extends the libraries of earlier designed multi-physics system with component classes, which makes it particularly suitable for modeling of fuel cell systems. The C++ based class hierarchy enables simple implementations of different physical models based on general 3D PDE (partial differential equations) solvers, or simplified engineering 1D or 2D models. Simulations of solid-oxide fuel cells were performed using a combined transport solver in multi-species environment. The components included the PEN complex (anode, cathod, electrolyte), air/fuel channels, interconnects, seals and ambient environments. Species concentrations, mass, momentum, energy fluxes were solved for different components. Models for unsteady fluid dynamics of species, heat transport, electrochemistry and electric currents were combined within different components and interfaced for common variables at the inter-component boundaries. The results include distributions of temperature, species concentrations and mass fluxes inside co-flow and cross-flow fuel cells with different number of channels.
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Carlos Oliveira de Andrade, Vinícius, and Wagner Machado Nunan Zola. "Aplicabilidade da encriptação especulativa em CPUs multicore para sistema de arquivo no espaço de usuário." In Computer on the Beach. Itajaí: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v13.p282-289.
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Due to the constantly growing need for security and efficiencyin accessing stored data, there is also constant search for betterstorage media that bring this warranty. Previous research has led tothe creation of libraries for parallel processing on GPU to performspeculative encryption of data. The efficiency of this method wasdemonstrated in its use in cryptographic file systems. However, theapplicability and effectiveness of these methods using only CPUs remained an open problem. In order to test the feasibility of specu-lative cryptography in computing environments with CPUs only, this work presents a library version for speculative encryption withparallel processing on multicore processors and its adaptation to the EncFS++ file system in user space. The tests carried out show con-siderable increases in throughput in the most varied environments, both physical and virtual machines, using CPUs that may or maynot support the AES-NI instruction set for encryption acceleration.
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Tumkor, Serdar, Mingshao Zhang, Zhou Zhang, Yizhe Chang, Sven K. Esche, and Constantin Chassapis. "Integration of a Real-Time Remote Experiment Into a Multi-Player Game Laboratory Environment." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86944.
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While real-time remote experiments have been used in engineering and science education for over a decade, more recently virtual learning environments based on game systems have been explored for their potential usage in educational laboratories. However, combining the advantages of both these approaches and integrating them into an effective learning environment has not been reported yet. One of the challenges in creating such a combination is to overcome the barriers between real and virtual systems, i.e. to select compatible platforms, to achieve an efficient mapping between the real world and the virtual environment and to arrange for efficient communications between the different system components. This paper will present a pilot implementation of a multi-player game-based virtual laboratory environment that is linked to the remote experimental setup of an air flow rig. This system is designed for a junior-level mechanical engineering laboratory on fluid mechanics. In order to integrate this remote laboratory setup into the virtual laboratory environment, an existing remote laboratory architecture had to be redesigned. The integrated virtual laboratory platform consists of two main parts, namely an actual physical experimental device controlled by a remote controller and a virtual laboratory environment that was implemented using the ‘Source’ game engine, which forms the basis of the commercially available computer game ‘Half-Life 2’ in conjunction with ‘Garry’s Mod’ (GM). The system implemented involves a local device controller that exchanges data in the form of shared variables and Dynamical Link Library (DLL) files with the virtual laboratory environment, thus establishing the control of real physical experiments from inside the virtual laboratory environment. The application of a combination of C++ code, Lua scripts [1] and LabVIEW Virtual Instruments makes the platform very flexible and expandable. This paper will present the architecture of this platform and discuss the general benefits of virtual environments that are linked with real physical devices.
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Puścian, Marek, and Waldemar Grabski. "Adapting Eclat algorithm to parallel environments with Charm++ library." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2016, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249403.
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He, Yueru. "Constructive Exploration of Transforming STEM Library Group Study Room into Individual Study Room." In 2020 4th International Conference on Informatization in Education, Management and Business. Clausius Scientific Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/iemb2020003.
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In recent years, with more and more faculties and students in school, the university has seen a growing demand for access to a variety of learning spaces. The White Memorial Chemistry Library and the Engineering and Physics Library (EPSL) merged to form the STEM library. Besides, STEM students do not have enough quiet and comfortable space to study. There is no doubt that an undisturbed and comfortable learning environment can improve students' concentration and study efficiency. Especially for STEM students, there is an urgent need for a quiet and comfortable learning environment. To solve the problem, this article provides a solution which creates a quiet and comfortable learning environment by soundproofing walls and converting group study rooms into individual study rooms without potential disturb, the method enables staffs and students to eliminate the interference and focus on their work in the library.
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Bianchi, M., A. Peretto, and P. R. Spina. "Modular Dynamic Model of Multi-Shaft Gas Turbine and Validation Test." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0829.
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Abstract The paper deals with the development of a component module library necessary to study multi-shaft gas turbine power plants. In particular the paper presents: - the features of the software environment used to develop the gas turbine modular dynamic model; - for each gas turbine component, the whole form of the dynamic physical equations and their simplified final expression suitable for the software environment requirements; - the procedure relative to the building of the gas turbine modules. In order to validate the created gas turbine modules, the transient behavior of a twin-shaft industrial gas turbine, simulated by connecting the new modules, was compared with experimental data available in literature. The values obtained by the simulation turn out to be in agreement with the experimental data.
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Casagranda, A., S. A. Pitts, B. W. Spencer, A. Chakraborty, M. C. Messner, and L. Capolungo. "Evaluation of High Temperature Material Models for High Temperature Advanced Reactor Component Analysis." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21614.
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Abstract The high temperature environments in proposed advanced reactor designs pose unique challenges for the integrity of structural components. Capabilities to model metals in this environment are being developed in Grizzly, a finite element-based structural simulation code developed at Idaho National Laboratory. To represent the constitutive behavior of metals at high temperatures, Grizzly offers two distinctly different approaches. The first is to use phenomenological engineering models with a unified representation of creep and plasticity. These models are provided through a library developed at Argonne National Laboratory. These models represent the effects of multiple important phenomena on the aspects of the material response important to engineering analysis and are calibrated to engineering-scale material data. The second modeling approach is being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory and is based on mesoscale models that directly account for the effects of material texture. These models directly represent the underlying physical phenomena that affect the engineering-scale material response. Through the use of data analytics, reduced order models based on the mesoscale models have been developed. These models can be efficiently used in engineering calculations, while faithfully representing the behavior of the high fidelity mesocale models. This paper provides brief summaries of both modeling approaches, and demonstrates their application on a common set of bench-mark problems to assess their applicability to component-level simulations.
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Fan, Yueqian, John Panneerselvam, and Lu Liu. "The Cost Function and Improvement Strategies of Service Quality of University Library under New Information Environments." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithings-greencom-cpscom-smartdata.2017.36.
Full textReports on the topic "Library’s physical environment"
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Mahadevan, Vijay S. Coupled Physics Environment (CouPE) library - Design, Implementation, and Release. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177291.
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Semerikov, Serhiy O., Mykhailo M. Mintii, and Iryna S. Mintii. Review of the course "Development of Virtual and Augmented Reality Software" for STEM teachers: implementation results and improvement potentials. [б. в.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4591.
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The research provides a review of applying the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology to education. There are analysed VR and AR tools applied to the course “Development of VR and AR software” for STEM teachers and specified efficiency of mutual application of the environment Unity to visual design, the programming environment (e.g. Visual Studio) and the VR and AR platforms (e.g. Vuforia). JavaScript language and the A-Frame, AR.js, Three.js, ARToolKit and 8th Wall libraries are selected as programming tools. The designed course includes the following modules: development of VR tools (VR and Game Engines; physical interactions and camera; 3D interface and positioning; 3D user interaction; VR navigation and introduction) and development of AR tools (set up AR tools in Unity 3D; development of a project for a photograph; development of training materials with Vuforia; development for promising devices). The course lasts 16 weeks and contains the task content and patterns of performance. It is ascertained that the course enhances development of competences of designing and using innovative learning tools. There are provided the survey of the course participants concerning their expectations and the course results. Reduced amounts of independent work, increased classroom hours, detailed methodological recommendations and increased number of practical problems associated with STEM subjects are mentioned as the course potentials to be implemented.
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Sela, Shlomo, and Michael McClelland. Desiccation Tolerance in Salmonella and its Implications. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594389.bard.
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Salmonella enterica is a worldwide food-borne pathogen, which regularly causes large outbreaks of food poisoning. Recent outbreaks linked to consumption of contaminated foods with low water-activity, have raised interest in understanding the factors that control fitness of this pathogen to dry environment. Consequently, the general objective of this study was to extend our knowledge on desiccation tolerance and long-term persistence of Salmonella. We discovered that dehydrated STm entered into a viable-but-nonculturable state, and that addition of chloramphenicol reduced bacterial survival. This finding implied that adaptation to desiccation stress requires de-novo protein synthesis. We also discovered that dried STm cells develop cross-tolerance to multiple stresses that the pathogen might encounter in the agriculture/food environment, such as high or low temperatures, salt, and various disinfectants. These findings have important implications for food safety because they demonstrate the limitations of chemical and physical treatments currently utilized by the food industry to completely inactivate Salmonella. In order to identify genes involved in desiccation stress tolerance, we employed transcriptomic analysis of dehydrated and wet cells and direct screening of knock-out mutant and transposon libraries. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that dehydration induced expression of ninety genes and down-regulated seven. Ribosomal structural genes represented the most abundant functional group with a relatively higher transcription during dehydration. Other large classes of induced functional groups included genes involved in amino acid metabolism, energy production, ion transport, transcription, and stress response. Initial genetic analysis of a number of up-regulated genes was carried out). It was found that mutations in rpoS, yahO, aceA, nifU, rpoE, ddg,fnr and kdpE significantly compromised desiccation tolerance, supporting their role in desiccation stress response.
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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, and Ann Blechl. Positional cloning of a gene responsible for high grain protein content in tetraploid wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695875.bard.
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High Grain Protein Content (GPC) is a desirable trait in breadmaking and pasta wheat varieties because of its positive effects on quality and nutritional value. However, selection for GPC is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling GPC in wheat. The specific objectives of this project were: a) to develop a high-density genetic map of the GPC gene in tetraploid wheat, b) to construct a T. turgidum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library, c) to construct a physical map of the GPC gene and identify a candidate for the GPC gene. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected in Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and was previously mapped in the short arm of chromosome 6B. To define better the position of the Gpc-B1 locus we developed homozygous recombinant lines with recombination events within the QTL region. Except for the 30-cM region of the QTL these RSLs were isogenic for the rest of the genome minimizing the genetic variability. To minimize the environmental variability the RSLs were characterized using 10 replications in field experiments organized in a Randomized Complete Block Design, which were repeated three times. Using this strategy, we were able to map this QTL as a single Mendelian locus (Gpc-B1) on a 2.6-cM region flanked by RFLP markers Xcdo365 and Xucw67. All three experiments showed that the lines carrying the DIC allele had an average absolute increase in GPC of 14 g/kg. Using the RFLP flanking markers, we established the microcolinearity between a 2.l-cM region including the Gpc-B1 gene in wheat chromosome 6BS and a 350-kb region on rice chromosome 2. Rice genes from this region were used to screen the Triticeae EST collection, and these ESTs were used to saturate the Gpc-B1 region with molecular markers. With these new markers we were able to map the Gpc-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM region flanked by PCR markers Xucw83 and Xucw71. These flanking markers defined a 36-kb colinear region with rice, including one gene that is a potential candidate for the Gpc-B1 gene. To develop a physical map of the Gpc-B1 region in wheat we first constructed a BAC library of tetraploid wheat, from RSL#65 including the high Gpc-B1 allele. We generated half- million clones with an average size of l3l-kb (5.1 X genome equivalents for each of the two genomes). This coverage provides a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from durum wheat. We used the Gpc-BI flanking markers to screen this BAC library and then completed the physical map by chromosome walking. The physical map included two overlapping BACs covering a region of approximately 250-kb, including two flanking markers and the Gpc-B1 gene. Efforts are underway to sequence these two BACs to determine if additional wheat genes are present in this region. Weare also developing new RSLs to further dissect this region. We developed PCR markers for flanking loci Xucw79andXucw71 to facilitate the introgression of this gene in commercial varieties by marker assisted selection (httQ://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/ orotocols/HGPC/index.hlm). Using these markers we introgressed the Gpc-B1 gene in numerous pasta and common wheat breeding lines.