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1
Turk, Matthew, and Janet E. Pope. "The Frequency of Scleroderma Renal Crisis over Time: A Metaanalysis." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 7 (May 1, 2016): 1350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.151353.
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Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) leads to a high mortality from internal organ involvement. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) usually occurs in the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset early in the disease, often with acute severe hypertension and renal failure. Prevalence of SRC since its classification in the early 1970s was determined in publications to assess whether the prevalence of SRC has changed over time because the proportion with the dcSSc subset is smaller in contemporary cohorts.Methods.A review of the literature was conducted up to May 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if they mentioned the prevalence of SRC and were cohort or cross-sectional studies with 50 or more patients with SSc. Articles were excluded if they were not in English or were a case series of SRC or case-control studies.Results.Of the 5317 citations identified, 22 qualified. Years of publication were from 1983 to 2011, and cohort size varied from 68 to 8554 patients with SSc totaling 21,908 patients (9248 with dcSSc, 42%). There was no statistical reduction in the temporal prevalence of SRC noticed in the overall patients (4%), patients with dcSSc (7%–9%), or patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 0.5%–0.6%) based on either the start date of the cohort or publication date.Conclusion.It appears that SRC remains uncommon in lcSSc and the rate in the dcSSc group may be stable over time. However, increasing awareness of SRC could lead to higher rates in more recent years and/or better survival from SRC, but this was not observed.
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Minopoulou, Ioanna, Marieta Theodorakopoulou, Afroditi Boutou, Alexandra Arvanitaki, Georgia Pitsiou, Michael Doumas, Pantelis Sarafidis, and Theodoros Dimitroulas. "Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Systemic Sclerosis Patients with and without Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071528.
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Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) is a leading cause of mortality in SSc. The extent of peripheral microvasculopathy assessed through nailfold capillaroscopy might correlate with the presence of PAH in SSc patients. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and performed a random effects meta-analysis of observational studies comparing nailfold capillaroscopic alterations in SSc-PAH versus SSc-noPAH patients. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Seven studies with 101 SSc-PAH and 277 SSc-noPAH participants were included. Capillary density was marginally reduced in the SSc-PAH group (WMD: −1.0, 95% CI: −2.0 to 0.0, I2 = 86%). This effect was strengthened once PAH diagnosis was confirmed by right heart catheterization (WMD: −1.2, 95% CI: −2.3 to −0.1, I2 = 85%). An increase in capillary loop width was observed in SSc-PAH compared to SSc-noPAH patients (WMD: 10.9, 95% CI: 2.5 to 19.4, I2 = 78%). Furthermore, SSc-PAH patients had a 7.3 times higher likelihood of active or late scleroderma pattern (95% CI: 3.0 to 18.0, I2 = 4%). SSc-PAH patients presented with worse nailfold capillaroscopic findings compared to SSc-noPAH patients.
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Lear, Travis B., Karina C. Lockwood, Mads Larsen, Ferhan Tuncer, Jason R. Kennerdell, Christina Morse, Eleanor Valenzi, et al. "Kelch-like protein 42 is a profibrotic ubiquitin E3 ligase involved in systemic sclerosis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 13 (February 17, 2020): 4171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ac119.012066.
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Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that affects over 2.5 million people globally. SSc results in dysfunctional connective tissues with excessive profibrotic signaling, affecting skin, cardiovascular, and particularly lung tissue. Over three-quarters of individuals with SSc develop pulmonary fibrosis within 5 years, the main cause of SSc mortality. No approved medicines to manage lung SSc currently exist. Recent research suggests that profibrotic signaling by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is directly tied to SSc. Previous studies have also shown that ubiquitin E3 ligases potently control TGF-β signaling through targeted degradation of key regulatory proteins; however, the roles of these ligases in SSc–TGF-β signaling remain unclear. Here we utilized primary SSc patient lung cells for high-throughput screening of TGF-β signaling via high-content imaging of nuclear translocation of the profibrotic transcription factor SMAD family member 2/3 (SMAD2/3). We screened an RNAi library targeting ubiquitin E3 ligases and observed that knockdown of the E3 ligase Kelch-like protein 42 (KLHL42) impairs TGF-β–dependent profibrotic signaling. KLHL42 knockdown reduced fibrotic tissue production and decreased TGF-β–mediated SMAD activation. Using unbiased ubiquitin proteomics, we identified phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'ϵ (PPP2R5ϵ) as a KLHL42 substrate. Mechanistic experiments validated ubiquitin-mediated control of PPP2R5ϵ stability through KLHL42. PPP2R5ϵ knockdown exacerbated TGF-β–mediated profibrotic signaling, indicating a role of PPP2R5ϵ in SSc. Our findings indicate that the KLHL42–PPP2R5ϵ axis controls profibrotic signaling in SSc lung fibroblasts. We propose that future studies could investigate whether chemical inhibition of KLHL42 may ameliorate profibrotic signaling in SSc.
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Upadhyaya, S., D. Starcevic, M. Turk, and J. Pope. "AB0447 PREVALENCE OF PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME OVER TIME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1251.1–1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3433.
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Background:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a rare slowly progressive autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory destruction and fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts. It is known to coexist together with rheumatological conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). There is a wide range in reported prevalence of disease overlap with these entities; however, the exact prevalence rates remain unclear.Objectives:The objectives were to determine the prevalence of: 1) PBC in patients with SS and SSc (and the subsets of limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc)), 2) SSc and SS in patients with PBC, and 3) to analyze changes in frequency over time. SSc occurs in 3/10,000 and PBC in 4-40/10,000 but these rare autoimmune diseases are known to coexist together. We speculated that there could be more cases diagnosed due to increasing availability of standardized antibody tests such as ANA, centromere antibodies, ENA and mitochondrial antibodies.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases up till June 16, 2020. Only full text articles in the English language with at least 40 patients were included. Cohorts, case series, cross-sectional studies, correspondences and registries with reported prevalence rates of both PBC in patients with SS and SSc as well as SSc and SS in patients with PBC were included. Data on frequency of co-existent diseases was studied by year of publication to determine if prevalence changed over time using linear regression. We used the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist to assess the quality of the studies.Results:Of 2876 citations identified, 67 were included in the analysis (n=33 for PBC, 15 for SSc, 18 for SS and 1 for SSc/SS). STROBE checklist scores ranged from 7-21. The prevalence of PBC was 5% in patients with SSc. Within the subsets, the prevalence of PBC in lcSSc was 8% and in dcSSc was 1%. In patients with SS, the prevalence of PBC was 4%. The prevalence of SSc overall in those with PBC was 5% and, within the subsets was 6% in lcSSc and 0% in dcSSc. The prevalence of SS in PBC was 18%. There was also no significant association between year of publication and prevalence. There was a lack of standardized definitions so misclassification may have occurred.Conclusion:PBC is increased in SSc but mostly in the lcSSc subset. SS in PBC is common at nearly 1 in 5. Over the years, there was no change in the prevalence of PBC in SSc indicating stability over time.Acknowledgements:Meagan Stanley, Western University Librarian.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Discepola, Marie-Nicole, Andrea Carboni-Jiménez, Linda Kwakkenbos, Richard S. Henry, Jill Boruff, Ankur Krishnan, Carina Boström, et al. "Effects of non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions on health outcomes in systemic sclerosis: protocol for a living systematic review." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e047428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047428.
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IntroductionSystemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is a rare, chronic, autoimmune disease with a high level of burden, a significant impact on the ability to carry out daily activities, and a considerable negative impact on health-related quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions could be provided to potentially improve mental and physical health outcomes. However, the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on health and well-being among individuals with SSc has not been well established. The proposed living systematic review aims to identify and evaluate randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions on mental and physical health outcomes and on the delivery of such services in SSc.Methods and analysisEligible studies will be RCTs that examine non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions aimed at improving health outcomes among individuals with SSc or the delivery of services intended to improve healthcare or support of people with SSc (eg, support groups). All RCTs included in a previous systematic review that sought studies published between 1990 and March 2014 will be evaluated for inclusion. Additional trials will be sought from January 2014 onwards using a similar, augmented search strategy developed by a health sciences librarian. We will search the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases and will not restrict by language. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of identified RCTs and will extract data using a prespecified standardised form in DistillerSR. Meta-analyses will be considered if ≥2 eligible RCTs report similar non-pharmacological interventions and comparable health outcomes. We will conduct a qualitative synthesis for interventions that cannot be synthesised via meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationWe will post initial and ongoing results via a website, publish results periodically via peer-reviewed journal publication, and present results at patient-oriented events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020219914.
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Klabukova, D. L., V. S. Krysanova, T. N. Ermolaeva, M. V. Davydovskaya, and K. A. Kokushkin. "Economic burden of systemic sclerosis: systematic review." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 13, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2020.041.
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Background. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe orphan disease, one of the systemic pathologies of connective tissue. This disease has a significant negative impact on the patient’s quality of life and has a high mortality rate. Treatment of its various complications imposes a great financial burden on the healthcare system. The difficulties of daily functioning and social adaptation and the overall burden of SSc for patients, as well as their caregivers, also contribute to the economic component of the disease.Aim. To assess the social and economic burden of SSc.Materials and methods. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using predefined PICO(S) criteria. The search was carried out in December 2019 using the MeSH terms in the Embase, MEDLINE / PubMed, Cochrane library databases. The publication date range was 10 years. To identify Russian-language studies, an additional search was conducted in eLIBRARY.ru and the Internet network. The evidence levels of the included studies were determined.Results. A total of 934 studies were identified from all databases; 53 publications were selected for eligibility; 9 of which were included in the final review. There were no studies identified to assess the burden of SSc in Russia, so the evaluations were based on foreign studies. The estimates of the annual direct costs per patient with SSc for the past decade were almost similar in different countries: 5 038 Canadian dollars in Canada, 11 607 Australian dollars in Australia, 17 365-22 016 US dollars in the USA, and 1 413-17 300 Euros in Europe (an average of about 8 000 euros). The cost structure was dominated by direct medical costs for hospitalization and drug therapy and indirect costs were mostly associated with the loss of productivity and early retirement. The costs associated with the diffuse cutaneous form of SSc were statistically higher if compared to the costs for the limited form of the disease. Among the clinical manifestations of the disease, lung lesions and gastrointestinal problems made the largest contribution to the economic burden.Conclusion. SSc is associated with significant healthcare resource use compared to the general population. The economic burden of SS has grown significantly in recent years, and this trend is global. At the same time, it is difficult to evaluate the disease costs in Russia due to a lack of information on the patient population.
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Pagotto, Ilaria, Davor Krajnović, Mark den Brok, Eric Emsellem, Jarle Brinchmann, Peter M. Weilbacher, Wolfram Kollatschny, and Matthias Steinmetz. "Optical emission lines in the most massive galaxies: Morphology, kinematics, and ionisation properties." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039443.
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In order to better characterise the upper end of the galaxy stellar mass range, the MUSE Most Massive Galaxies (M3G) Survey targeted the most massive galaxies (M > 1012 M⊙) found in the densest known clusters of galaxies at z ∼ 0.046. The sample is composed of 25 early-type galaxies: 14 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), of which 3 are in the densest region of the Shapley super cluster (SSC), and 11 massive satellites in the SSC. In the present work we use MUSE data to derive the spatial distribution and kinematics of the gas and discuss its ionisation mechanism and origin in the optical wavelength range. We fit the continuum of the spectra using an extensive library of single stellar population models and model the emission lines employing up to three Gaussian functions. In the M3G sample, ionised gas was detected in five BCGs, of which one is in the densest region of the SSC, and six massive satellites in the SSC. Among these objects, [O I] and [N I] were detected in three BCGs and one satellite. The gas is centrally concentrated in almost all objects, except for two BCGs that show filaments and two massive satellites with extended emission. Moreover, the emission line profiles of three BCGs present redshifted and/or blueshifted components. The presence of dust was revealed by analysing Balmer line ratios, obtaining a mean E(B − V) of 0.2–0.3. The emission-line diagnostic diagrams show predominately low-ionisation nuclear emission-line regions line ratios with little contamination from star formation. In the M3G sample, the gas was detected in 80% of fast rotators and 35% of slow rotators. The orientations of stellar and gaseous rotations are aligned with respect to each other for 60% of satellites and 25% of BCGs. The presence of misalignments points to an external origin of the gas for three BCGs and two satellites. On the other hand, some of these systems are characterised by triaxial and prolate-like stellar rotation, which could support an internal origin of the gas even in the case of misalignments.
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Nazam, Muhammad, Muhammad Hashim, Sajjad Ahmad Baig, Muhammad Abrar, and Rizwan Shabbir. "Modeling the key barriers of knowledge management adoption in sustainable supply chain." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 5 (June 27, 2020): 1077–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-09-2019-0271.
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PurposeThe food industry is crucial in delivering healthy products for life saving of the society. The identification of key barriers of knowledge management (KM) is desired to enhance the sustainability of the industry. KM has been seen as a part of sustainable development by reducing the bullwhip effect in the entire supply chain. The core objective of the existing research is to prioritize the essential factors of KM adoption in sustainable supply chain (SSC) based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method.Design/methodology/approachIn order to fulfill objectives of this study, an extensive review of literature and a questionnaire-based field visits were conducted. A total of five major barriers categories and 22 sub-barriers categories were identified in food sector of Pakistan using experts' inputs. This study employed fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP).FindingsManagerial barriers, innovation and technological barriers categories are found to be highly prioritized among others. Further, the sensitivity analysis is applied to check the incremental changes of ranked barriers. This prioritization of barriers and incremental changes in them is expected to serve food sector for long-term sustainability and competitive advantage for importers and exporters. Finally, the findings of this research are very helpful for industrial experts, practitioners, consultants and government officials in effectively developing policies regarding KM adoption in line with sustainable goals.Research limitations/implicationsThe present work is conducted in the Pakistani context; however, the benchmark model may be tested and applied to other developing countries to compare the outcomes. For further research, the identified barriers may also be evaluated to establish their inter-relationships, using ISM, DEMATEL, ANP, etc. Similarly, the results of this study can also be compared with that of other fuzzy multi-criteria techniques like fuzzy TOPSIS, fuzzy VIKOR, fuzzy ELECTRE, fuzzy PROMETHEE, or fuzzy VIKOR.Practical implicationsThis research study can facilitate policymakers, government bodies, stakeholders and supply chain professionals to recognize the key barriers they may encounter in adopting KM practices in their SSC. Additionally, this work helps managers to evaluate the identified barriers by computing their relative importance in adopting KM practices at managerial levels like strategically, tactically and operationally activities in business. This study also facilitates industrial management in formulating policies and action plans in case of implementation, eliminating the barriers in adoption of KM, and SSC successfully.Originality/valueFew research studies were conducted on KM adoption in industries of China, India, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia, but due to workforce diversity these industries have dissimilar views of experts about KM adoption. This study significantly contributed to fill the existing literature gap for prioritization of key barriers against KM implementation in Pakistani context.
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Kajio, N., M. Takeshita, K. Suzuki, and T. Takeuchi. "THU0045 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL CENTROMERE AUTOANTIGENS IN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME, SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 235.2–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1367.
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Background:Anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) are detected in the serum of patients with various autoimmune diseases including Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). ACA positivity is correlated with clinical manifestations such as Raynaud’s phenomenon and sclerodactyly and these features are commonly seen across diseases. Although CENPB is thought to be the major antigen against ACA, autoimmune features of other centromere proteins have not been fully evaluated.Objectives:The aim of this study is to elucidate centromere autoantigens comprehensively and clarify their association with pathogenesis of SjS, SSc and PBC.Methods:A centromere protein library was created by cloning 6 single proteins and 10 complexes consisting of 35 proteins belonging to human centromere region. The centromere antigens were immobilized on beads and incubated in the serum of patients with SjS (n = 86), SSc (n = 35), PBC (n = 10), patients with two or more diseases above (n = 44), and healthy volunteers (n = 68). Autoantibodies to each centromere protein were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Patients had a wide variety of antibodies against most of centromere antigens including 4 newly identified autoantigens. The hierarchical clustering of each antigen distinguished 2 antigen clusters. The reactivity of autoantibodies against a centromere protein of one cluster was mutually correlated regardless of disease types, indicating that these proteins/protein complexes might be the target of ACA. In addition, our method enabled us to detect sera reacted against multiple centromere antigens in some of the ACA-negative patients with existing methods.Conclusion:We identified 4 novel centromere autoantigens and our data suggested that the main target of ACA was the protein complex rather than a single specific antigen in SjS, SSc and PBC patients. Using the combination of centromere proteins may be useful to detect ACA with higher sensitivity.References:[1]Fritzler MJ, Rattner JB, Luft LM, Edworthy SM, Casiano CA, Peebles C, Mahler M. Historical perspectives on the discovery and elucidation of autoantibodies to centromere proteins (CENP) and the emerging importance of antibodies to CENP-F. Autoimmun Rev. 2011;10:194-200.Disclosure of Interests:Nobuhiko Kajio: None declared, Masaru Takeshita: None declared, Katsuya Suzuki: None declared, Tsutomu Takeuchi Grant/research support from: Eisai Co., Ltd, Astellas Pharma Inc., AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, UCB Pharma, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Corp., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Consultant of: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Astellas Pharma Inc., Eli Lilly Japan KK, Speakers bureau: AbbVie GK, Eisai Co., Ltd, Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corp., Eisai Co., Ltd, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Novartis Pharma K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., Sanofi K.K., Dainippon Sumitomo Co., Ltd.
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Räber, Stefan, and Lorenz Hurni. "Kaleidoscope of Swiss Cartography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-305-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Motivation</p><p>In 2015/2016 the Zentralbibliothek Zürich (ZB, Zurich Central Library) and the Swiss Society of Cartography (SSC) presented a map blog to mark the 2015/16 International Map Year. In this weekly blog, cartographer and map librarian Markus Oehrli described and commented on 70 known and less-known Swiss map documents. In 2017, the map history journal Cartographica Helvetica published 58 of these 70 map documents in a special issue. In 2019, SSC will translate the blog into English, which will be published in its publication series to mark the 50th anniversary of the society.</p><p>During the 2015/16 International Map Year, which was initiated and proclaimed by the ICA, national cartographic societies were encouraged to organise various kinds of public activities and events as part of this worldwide celebration of maps. The SSC coordinated and organised more than 20 of these events within Switzerland. The “Karte der Woche” (Map of the week) blog, which was offered an in-depth and sometimes surprising look at Swiss cartography, was received with much enthusiasm by the general public and experts alike. During the 70-week map year (between August 2015 and December 2016), the blog provided a comprehensive profile of Swiss map-making on the website http://cartography.ch.</p><p>Map year blog: 70 maps in 70 weeks</p><p>The documents presented in the blog cover both current and historical productions evenly. The oldest map dates from before the year 900 and the most recent from 2016. The exhibits include traditional maps for which Swiss cartography is widely known and world-renowned, i.e. topographical maps, hiking maps, city maps, road maps, bird’s-eye views, statistical maps, and school maps. A relief model, a horizontal panorama, a pictorial map, an infographic and numerous thematic maps relating to folklore, navigation, archaeology, sport, etc. are also to be found. Furthermore, geo-media is also represented and includes such as maps produced by means of geographical information systems and web map mashups. In contrast, techniques that have almost been forgotten today, such as typometry and map printing on silk, are also presented. A very special historic piece is the 16th century globe by Abraham Gessner which can also be used as a drinking cup. There are even maps of subterranean and lunar worlds or maps of imaginary places. Some of the authors or producers of the presented documents are well-known cartographic publishers and federal institutions, but some are little known individuals working away on their own. Besides trained cartographers, the blog also features work by a priest, a spy and an artist.</p><p>For the purpose of this blog, only maps created by Swiss authors or published by a Swiss publishing house were selected. Another selection criterion was the fair balance among the different regions in Switzerland. All parts of the country and almost all cantons feature at least once. In order to document the global network of Swiss cartography, about a third of the presented documents also show areas outside of the country’s borders.</p><p>The blog offers plenty of background information and is spiced with a pinch of humour, without ever losing sight of the central theme – Swiss cartography. The individual blog texts were researched and written by Markus Oehrli who is a long-standing SSC member. The pictures have been published with the consent of the copyright holders. Where possible, a link within the blog refers to a high-resolution image or to an interactive map application on the Internet. The first blog entry was published on 4 September 2015 and each further blog was released every Friday until 30 December 2016.</p><p>Special issue – Kaleidoskop der Schweizer Kartografie (Kaleidoscope of Swiss Cartography) in German</p><p>In 2017, Cartographica Helvetica, the leading German-language journal for map history, devoted a 64-page special issue to the map blog. Under the title “Kaleidoskop der Schweizer Kartografie” (“Kaleidoscope of Swiss Cartography”), a selection of 58 documents from the blog were printed in the issue in a new, innovative way, both in terms of graphics and content. In addition, this edition of Cartographica Helvetica was published in digitized form on the Swiss journal repository e-periodica.ch. It is free to access and offers features such as full text search, an advanced search using various filters, the ability to browse page by page, the enlargement of pages up to about 600%, download possibility for all pages and all articles as PDF documents. The repository navigation is trilingual, in German, English and French.</p><p>English edition part of SSC’s 50th anniversary celebrations in 2019</p><p>In order to meet the great demand for the widely acclaimed map blog and the “Kaleidoskop der Schweizer Kartografie” special issue – which sold very well – SSC decided to publish the blog also in English to help commemorate its 50th anniversary in 2019. This will make the content accessible to an even wider public. With this contribution we propose to announce and publish the English version during a presentation to an international audience of experts at ICC 2019 in Tokyo. We will give insight how the 70 artefacts were chosen according to the scientific, geographic and thematic selection criteria. The composition of the accompanying texts is based upon the thorough scientific research especially carried out for this project. We hope that this approach may serve as a model for similar projects showing the richness of excellent cartographic artefacts all over the world!</p>
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Puga Guzmán, J. L., D. Fernández Fernández, R. Dos-Santos, I. González Fernández, E. Perez-Pampín, A. Souto Vilas, and A. Mera Varela. "POS0873 IMPROVEMENT IN MODIFIED RODNAN SKIN SCORE (MRSS) IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS TREATED WITH RITUXIMAB: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 692.2–693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3161.
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Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by vascular disease and fibrosis in different organs and systems such as lung and skin (1). Recently, several case reports and small series of patients reported on the efficacy of rituximab in SSc, showing a possible improvement in skin and lung affectations (2). However, registered clinical trials are lacking to determine factors associated with response, maintenance regimen, and long-term efficacy of rituximab in SSc.Objectives:To analyze the efficacy of Rituximab in the treatment of skin fibrosis using the changes of the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) of patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis from the data published in Registered Clinical Trials (RCTs) in the scientific literature.Methods:We perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis using the main electronic databases to locate all the articles available so far: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science and ACR and EULAR abstracts congress were extracted to assess efficacy outcomes. That efficacy was measured based on the variation of mRSS at 12, 24 and 48 weeks for patients treated with Rituximab versus patients treated with another drug or placebo.Results:3 RCTs contained data regarding mRSS at week 12 of treatment with Rituximab. The estimated SMD was -1.071 (95% CI -1.608, -0.535 [p <0.001]) with a non-significant P value in the Egger Test (P = 0.703) and non-significant heterogeneity through I2 (I2 = 0.00%).9 studies contained data regarding mRSS at week 24 of treatment with Rituximab. The estimated SMD was -1.743 (CI95% -2.622, -0.864 [p <0.001], see image below) with a non-significant P value in the Egger Test (P = 0.072) and significant heterogeneity through I2 (I2 = 86.6%). Meta-regression analysis could not be performed to assess such heterogeneity, due to the lack of comparable data.8 RCTs contained data regarding mRSS at week 48 of Rituximab treatment. The estimated SMD was -1.327 (CI95% -2.018, -0.636 [p <0.001]) with a significant P value in the Egger Test (P = 0.018), estimating that there may be publication bias in the studies analyzed and significant heterogeneity by I2 (I2 = 85.2%). Meta-regression analysis could not be performed to assess such heterogeneity, due to the lack of comparable data.Conclusion:Our meta-analysis shows that Rituximab treatment in patients affected with systemic sclerosis shows efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous fibrosis measured by the mRSS, turning this molecule into a potential drug to add to the therapeutic armamentarium of systemic sclerosis. However, more studies are necessary to try to elucidate whether this change is powerful enough to become the new gold standard for the treatment of systemic sclerosis skin involvement.References:[1]Stern EP, Denton CP. The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2015;41:367–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2015.04.002.[2]Thiebaut M, Launay D, Rivière S, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in systemic sclerosis: French retrospective study and literature review. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(6):582-587. https://doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.12.010.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Lai, K. M., J. P. Olivier, G. D. Gish, M. Henkemeyer, J. McGlade, and T. Pawson. "A Drosophila shc gene product is implicated in signaling by the DER receptor tyrosine kinase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 9 (September 1995): 4810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.9.4810.
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Antibodies to the human Shc adaptor protein were used to isolate a cDNA encoding a Drosophila Shc protein (dShc) by screening an expression library. The dshc gene, which maps to position 67B-C on the third chromosome, encodes a 45-kDa protein that is widely expressed throughout the Drosophila life cycle. In flies, the dShc protein physically associates with the activated Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor homolog (DER) and is inducibly phosphorylated on tyrosine by DER. The 45-kDa dShc protein is closely related both in overall organization and in amino acid sequence (46% identity) to the 52-kDa mammalian Shc isoform. In addition to a C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, dShc contains an N-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, which associates in vitro with the autophosphorylated DER receptor tyrosine kinase and with phosphopeptides containing an Asn-Pro-X-pTyr motif, where pTyr stands for phosphotyrosine. A potential binding site for the dShc PTB domain is located at Tyr-1228 of DER. These results indicate that the shc gene has been conserved in evolution, as have the binding properties of the Shc PTB and SH2 domains. Despite the close relationship between the Drosophila and mammalian Shc proteins, dShc lacks the high-affinity Grb2-binding site found in mammalian Shc, suggesting that Shc proteins may have functions in addition to regulation of the Ras pathway.
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Seo, kang-seon. "Field research and cataloging of Gale’s Papers on Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library in University of Toronto, Canada." STUDY OF THE EASTERN CLASSIC 71 (June 30, 2018): 305–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.16880/sec.2017.71.11.305.
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WARNER, Andrea J., Jennifer LOPEZ-DEE, Emma L. KNIGHT, James R. FERAMISCO, and Sally A. PRIGENT. "The Shc-related adaptor protein, Sck, forms a complex with the vascular-endothelial-growth-factor receptor KDR in transfected cells." Biochemical Journal 347, no. 2 (April 10, 2000): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3470501.
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Despite much progress in recent years, the precise signalling events triggered by the vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt1) and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR), are incompletely defined. Results obtained when Flt1 and KDR are individually expressed in fibroblasts or porcine aortic endothelial cells have not been entirely consistent with those observed in other endothelial cells expressing both receptors endogenously. It has also been difficult to demonstrate VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Flt1, which has led to speculation that KDR may be the more important receptor for the mitogenic action of VEGF on endothelial cells. In an attempt to identify physiologically important effectors which bind to KDR, we have screened a yeast two-hybrid mouse embryo library with the cytoplasmic domain of KDR. Here we describe the identification of the adaptor protein, Shc-like protein (Sck), as a binding partner for KDR. We demonstrate that this interaction requires phosphorylation of KDR, and identify the binding site for the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain as tyrosine-1175 of KDR. We have also shown that the SH2 domain of Sck, but not that of Src-homology collagen protein (Shc), can precipitate phosphorylated KDR from VEGF-stimulated porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing KDR, and that an N-terminally truncated Sck protein can associate with KDR, in a phosphorylation-dependent fashion, when co-expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the two-hybrid assay, both Shc and Sck SH2 domains can associate with the related receptor Flt1.
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Alexandru, Mihaela, Viorel Banu, Matthieu Florentin, Xavier Jordá, Miguel Vellvehi, and Dominique Tournier. "High Temperature Electrical Characterization of 4H-SiC MESFET Basic Logic Gates." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.1130.
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Due to our demonstrated stable Tungsten-Schottky barrier at elevated temperatures, and also thanks to our technological process maturity regarding SiC-Schottky contact fabrication, we have implemented the digital logic gates library adopting a normally-on MESFET topology. In this paper we present new experimental results showing the thermal behavior up to 300oC of 4H-SiC logic gates library, monolithically integrating normally-on MESFETs and epitaxial resistors. The implemented SiC devices are based on important CMOS features and are specially designed for large ICs device integration density.
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Heireman, Laura, Sofie Patteet, and Sophia Steyaert. "Performance of the new ID-fungi plate using two types of reference libraries (Bruker and MSI) to identify fungi with the Bruker MALDI Biotyper." Medical Mycology 58, no. 7 (February 6, 2020): 946–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz138.
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Abstract During the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized the diagnosis of fungal infections. Recently, a new Conidia ID-fungi plate (IDFP) medium was introduced to facilitate growth and sampling of fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the IDFP for fungal MALDI-TOF MS identification by comparison with a standard fungal growth medium using two reference libraries. A total of 75 filamentous fungal isolates (including 32 dermatophytes) were inoculated on IDFP and Sabouraud-gentamicin-chloramphenicol (SGC) agar and identified by MALDI-TOF MS using formic acid/acetonitrile extraction. Both the commercially available Bruker library (version 2.0) and the public available MSI web application (version 2018) were applied. For 15% of the isolates, a faster growth was noticed on IDFP compared to SGC. IDFP enhanced the performance of fungal identification compared to SGC for both MSI (increase of 16% identifications to genus and 5% to species level) and Bruker library (increase of 22% identifications to genus and 8% to species level). In total, only 73% of the tested isolates were present in the Bruker library compared to 92% for MSI library. No significant difference (P = 0.46) in MALDI score between IDFP and SGC was observed for the MSI library, but scores were significantly (P = 0.03) higher for IDFP when using Bruker library, potentially explained by the prevention of agar contamination by using IDFP since the Bruker database was created from liquid media. IDFP is a promising alternative growth medium for MALDI-TOF MS fungal identification which would strongly benefit from optimizing the Bruker reference library.
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Guan, Xuefeng, Peter van Oosterom, and Bo Cheng. "A Parallel N-Dimensional Space-Filling Curve Library and Its Application in Massive Point Cloud Management." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080327.
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Because of their locality preservation properties, Space-Filling Curves (SFC) have been widely used in massive point dataset management. However, the completeness, universality, and scalability of current SFC implementations are still not well resolved. To address this problem, a generic n-dimensional (nD) SFC library is proposed and validated in massive multiscale nD points management. The library supports two well-known types of SFCs (Morton and Hilbert) with an object-oriented design, and provides common interfaces for encoding, decoding, and nD box query. Parallel implementation permits effective exploitation of underlying multicore resources. During massive point cloud management, all xyz points are attached an additional random level of detail (LOD) value l. A unique 4D SFC key is generated from each xyzl with this library, and then only the keys are stored as flat records in an Oracle Index Organized Table (IOT). The key-only schema benefits both data compression and multiscale clustering. Experiments show that the proposed nD SFC library provides complete functions and robust scalability for massive points management. When loading 23 billion Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) points into an Oracle database, the parallel mode takes about 10 h and the loading speed is estimated four times faster than sequential loading. Furthermore, 4D queries using the Hilbert keys take about 1~5 s and scale well with the dataset size.
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Songyang, Z., S. E. Shoelson, J. McGlade, P. Olivier, T. Pawson, X. R. Bustelo, M. Barbacid, H. Sabe, H. Hanafusa, and T. Yi. "Specific motifs recognized by the SH2 domains of Csk, 3BP2, fps/fes, GRB-2, HCP, SHC, Syk, and Vav." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 4 (April 1994): 2777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.4.2777.
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Src homology 2 (SH2) domains provide specificity to intracellular signaling by binding to specific phosphotyrosine (phospho-Tyr)-containing sequences. We recently developed a technique using a degenerate phosphopeptide library to predict the specificity of individual SH2 domains (src family members, Abl, Nck, Sem5, phospholipase C-gamma, p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and SHPTP2 (Z. Songyang, S. E. Shoelson, M. Chaudhuri, G. Gish, T. Pawson, W. G. Haser, F. King, T. Roberts, S. Ratnofsky, R. J. Lechleider, B. G. Neel, R. B. Birge, J. E. Fajardo, M. M. Chou, H. Hanafusa, B. Schaffhausen, and L. C. Cantley, Cell 72:767-778, 1993). We report here the optimal recognition motifs for SH2 domains from GRB-2, Drk, Csk, Vav, fps/fes, SHC, Syk (carboxy-terminal SH2), 3BP2, and HCP (amino-terminal SH2 domain, also called PTP1C and SHPTP1). As predicted, SH2 domains from proteins that fall into group I on the basis of a Phe or Tyr at the beta D5 position (GRB-2, 3BP2, Csk, fps/fes, Syk C-terminal SH2) select phosphopeptides with the general motif phospho-Tyr-hydrophilic (residue)-hydrophilic (residue)-hydrophobic (residue). The SH2 domains of SHC and HCP (group III proteins with Ile, Leu, of Cys at the beta D5 position) selected the general motif phospho-Tyr-hydrophobic-Xxx-hydrophobic, also as predicted. Vav, which has a Thr at the beta D5 position, selected phospho-Tyr-Met-Glu-Pro as the optimal motif. Each SH2 domain selected a unique optimal motif distinct from motifs previously determined for other SH2 domains. These motifs are used to predict potential sites in signaling proteins for interaction with specific SH2 domain-containing proteins. The Syk SH2 domain is predicted to bind to Tyr-hydrophilic-hydrophilic-Leu/Ile motifs like those repeated at 10-residue intervals in T- and B-cell receptor-associated proteins. SHC is predicted to bind to a subgroup og these same motifs. A structural basis for the association of Csk with Src family members is also suggested from these studies.
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Songyang, Z., S. E. Shoelson, J. McGlade, P. Olivier, T. Pawson, X. R. Bustelo, M. Barbacid, H. Sabe, H. Hanafusa, and T. Yi. "Specific motifs recognized by the SH2 domains of Csk, 3BP2, fps/fes, GRB-2, HCP, SHC, Syk, and Vav." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 4 (April 1994): 2777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.4.2777-2785.1994.
Full textAbstract:
Src homology 2 (SH2) domains provide specificity to intracellular signaling by binding to specific phosphotyrosine (phospho-Tyr)-containing sequences. We recently developed a technique using a degenerate phosphopeptide library to predict the specificity of individual SH2 domains (src family members, Abl, Nck, Sem5, phospholipase C-gamma, p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and SHPTP2 (Z. Songyang, S. E. Shoelson, M. Chaudhuri, G. Gish, T. Pawson, W. G. Haser, F. King, T. Roberts, S. Ratnofsky, R. J. Lechleider, B. G. Neel, R. B. Birge, J. E. Fajardo, M. M. Chou, H. Hanafusa, B. Schaffhausen, and L. C. Cantley, Cell 72:767-778, 1993). We report here the optimal recognition motifs for SH2 domains from GRB-2, Drk, Csk, Vav, fps/fes, SHC, Syk (carboxy-terminal SH2), 3BP2, and HCP (amino-terminal SH2 domain, also called PTP1C and SHPTP1). As predicted, SH2 domains from proteins that fall into group I on the basis of a Phe or Tyr at the beta D5 position (GRB-2, 3BP2, Csk, fps/fes, Syk C-terminal SH2) select phosphopeptides with the general motif phospho-Tyr-hydrophilic (residue)-hydrophilic (residue)-hydrophobic (residue). The SH2 domains of SHC and HCP (group III proteins with Ile, Leu, of Cys at the beta D5 position) selected the general motif phospho-Tyr-hydrophobic-Xxx-hydrophobic, also as predicted. Vav, which has a Thr at the beta D5 position, selected phospho-Tyr-Met-Glu-Pro as the optimal motif. Each SH2 domain selected a unique optimal motif distinct from motifs previously determined for other SH2 domains. These motifs are used to predict potential sites in signaling proteins for interaction with specific SH2 domain-containing proteins. The Syk SH2 domain is predicted to bind to Tyr-hydrophilic-hydrophilic-Leu/Ile motifs like those repeated at 10-residue intervals in T- and B-cell receptor-associated proteins. SHC is predicted to bind to a subgroup og these same motifs. A structural basis for the association of Csk with Src family members is also suggested from these studies.
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Braswell-Means, Laurel. "Octavian: Edited from Lincoln, Dean and Chapter Library, MS 91, and Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.2.38 ed. by Frances McSparren." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 10, no. 1 (1988): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.1988.0026.
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Patel, D. R., and Smita D. Joshipura. "Computer-based Periodicals Management System in SAC Library." DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 15, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.15.3.3186.
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Dilhani, G. H. Inoka. "Senake Bandaranayake library classification system for archaeology (SBC)." Sri Lanka Library Review 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sllr.v34i1.26.
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Wong, Elise Y., and Sarah M. Vital. "PlumX: a tool to showcase academic profile and distinction." Digital Library Perspectives 33, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlp-12-2016-0047.
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PurposeThe Saint Mary’s College of California (SMC) library plays an integral role in supporting one of the goals in the College’s Strategic Plan: “Raise the Academic Profile and Distinction”. This case study aims to assess the effectiveness of PlumX as a tool to showcase the academic profile and distinction of SMC. The library recognizes the importance of capturing impact of non-traditional creativity and engagement in addition to just traditional impact metrics of research. Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the collaborative effort of the College and the College’s library to identify faculty scholarship, creativity and engagement and collect data demonstrating the impact of the works. Traditional metrics, like citation counts, do not do SMC faculty justice because faculty scholarship comes beyond just books and articles. To more fully document the real intellectual corpus the College, the library is working with a new system, PlumX, to collect web-based information about both traditionally and non-traditionally published work. FindingsThe collection of metrics across five categories (citations, usage, social media, mentions and captures), and the flexibility of displaying on screen or downloading for use in other analytic reports made possible through PlumX proved to be a start toward demonstrating the academic distinction of College’s unique faculty. SMC will continue to partner with PlumX to assess and improve its usability and effectiveness. Originality/valueThis paper outlines how altmetrics can be used to measure and share impact of faculty research at a liberal arts, teaching-focused college in ways reflective of the unique intellectual contributions.
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Levy, J. B., T. Dorai, L. H. Wang, and J. S. Brugge. "The structurally distinct form of pp60c-src detected in neuronal cells is encoded by a unique c-src mRNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 11 (November 1987): 4142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.11.4142.
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A cellular src (c-src) cDNA clone was isolated from a chicken embryonic brain cDNA library and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. Comparison with the published sequence of a chicken genomic c-src clone indicated that the brain cDNA clone contained an 18-base-pair insertion located between exons 3 and 4 of the c-src gene. The six amino acids encoded by the insertion caused an alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of the c-src gene product similar to that of the structurally distinct form of the src protein detected in neuronal cultures.
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Levy, J. B., T. Dorai, L. H. Wang, and J. S. Brugge. "The structurally distinct form of pp60c-src detected in neuronal cells is encoded by a unique c-src mRNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 11 (November 1987): 4142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.11.4142-4145.1987.
Full textAbstract:
A cellular src (c-src) cDNA clone was isolated from a chicken embryonic brain cDNA library and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. Comparison with the published sequence of a chicken genomic c-src clone indicated that the brain cDNA clone contained an 18-base-pair insertion located between exons 3 and 4 of the c-src gene. The six amino acids encoded by the insertion caused an alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of the c-src gene product similar to that of the structurally distinct form of the src protein detected in neuronal cultures.
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Zinn, Edward, James M. Reilly, Peter Z. Adelstein, and Douglas W. Nishimura. "Air pollution effects on library microforms." Studies in Conservation 39, sup2 (January 1994): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1994.39.supplement-2.195.
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van Slyck, Abigail A. ""The Utmost Amount of Effectiv [sic] Accommodation": Andrew Carnegie and the Reform of the American Library." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 50, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990662.
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The last years of the nineteenth century saw the widespread acceptance of the idea that library facilities should be made available to the American public free of charge. In the same years, the design of the free American library was at the center of a prolonged and heated debate: on one hand, the newly organized library profession called for designs that supported efficiency in library administration; on the other, the men of wealth who often underwrote library construction continued to favor buildings that reinforced the paternalistic metaphor that sustained their philanthropic activities. Between 1886 and 1917, Andrew Carnegie undertook a program of library giving that reformed both library philanthropy and library design, encouraging a closer correspondence between the two. Using the corporation as his model, Carnegie introduced many of the philanthropic practices of the modern foundation. At the same time, he rejected the rigid social and spatial hierarchy of the nineteenth-century library. In over 1,600 buildings that resulted directly from this program and in hundreds of others influenced by its forms, Carnegie helped create an American public library type that embraced the planning principles espoused by librarians while extending a warmer welcome to the reading public.
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Peck, Russell A. "Sidrak and Bokkus: A parallel-text edition of Bodleian Library MS Laud Misc. 559 and British Library MS Lansdowne 793 ed. by T. L. Burton." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 24, no. 1 (2002): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.2002.0013.
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Dorai, T., J. B. Levy, L. Kang, J. S. Brugge, and L. H. Wang. "Analysis of cDNAs of the proto-oncogene c-src: heterogeneity in 5' exons and possible mechanism for the genesis of the 3' end of v-src." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 8 (August 1991): 4165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.8.4165.
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To further characterize the gene structure of the proto-oncogene c-src and the mechanism for the genesis of the v-src sequence in Rous sarcoma virus, we have analyzed genomic and cDNA copies of the chicken c-src gene. From a cDNA library of chicken embryo fibroblasts, we isolated and sequenced several overlapping cDNA clones covering the full length of the 4-kb c-src mRNA. The cDNA sequence contains a 1.84-kb sequence downstream from the 1.6-kb pp60c-src coding region. An open reading frame of 217 amino acids, called sdr (src downstream region), was found 105 nucleotides from the termination codon for pp60c-src. Within the 3' noncoding region, a 39-bp sequence corresponding to the 3' end of the RSV v-src was detected 660 bases downstream of the pp60c-src termination codon. The presence of this sequence in the c-src mRNA exon supports a model involving an RNA intermediate during transduction of the c-src sequence. The 5' region of the c-src cDNA was determined by analyzing several cDNA clones generated by conventional cloning methods and by polymerase chain reaction. Sequences of these chicken embryo fibroblast clones plus two c-src cDNA clones isolated from a brain cDNA library show that there is considerable heterogeneity in sequences upstream from the c-src coding sequence. Within this region, which contains at least 300 nucleotides upstream of the translational initiation site in exon 2, there exist at least two exons in each cDNA which fall into five cDNA classes. Four unique 5' exon sequences, designated exons UE1, UE2, UEX, and UEY, were observed. All of them are spliced to the previously characterized c-src exons 1 and 2 with the exception of type 2 cDNA. In type 2, the exon 1 is spliced to a novel downstream exon, designated exon 1a, which maps in the region of the c-src DNA defined previously as intron 1. Exon UE1 is rich in G+C content and is mapped at 7.8 kb upstream from exon 1. This exon is also present in the two cDNA clones from the brain cDNA library. Exon UE2 is located at 8.5 kb upstream from exon 1. The precise locations of exons UEX and UEY have not been determined, but both are more than 12 kb upstream from exon 1. The existence and exon arrangements of these 5' cDNAs were further confirmed by RNase protection assays and polymerase chain reactions using specific primers. Our findings indicate that the heterogeneity in the 5' sequences of the c-src mRNAs results from differential splicing and perhaps use of distinct initiation sites. All of these RNAs have the potential of coding for pp60c-src, since their 5' exons are all eventually joined to exon 2.
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Dorai, T., J. B. Levy, L. Kang, J. S. Brugge, and L. H. Wang. "Analysis of cDNAs of the proto-oncogene c-src: heterogeneity in 5' exons and possible mechanism for the genesis of the 3' end of v-src." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 8 (August 1991): 4165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.8.4165-4176.1991.
Full textAbstract:
To further characterize the gene structure of the proto-oncogene c-src and the mechanism for the genesis of the v-src sequence in Rous sarcoma virus, we have analyzed genomic and cDNA copies of the chicken c-src gene. From a cDNA library of chicken embryo fibroblasts, we isolated and sequenced several overlapping cDNA clones covering the full length of the 4-kb c-src mRNA. The cDNA sequence contains a 1.84-kb sequence downstream from the 1.6-kb pp60c-src coding region. An open reading frame of 217 amino acids, called sdr (src downstream region), was found 105 nucleotides from the termination codon for pp60c-src. Within the 3' noncoding region, a 39-bp sequence corresponding to the 3' end of the RSV v-src was detected 660 bases downstream of the pp60c-src termination codon. The presence of this sequence in the c-src mRNA exon supports a model involving an RNA intermediate during transduction of the c-src sequence. The 5' region of the c-src cDNA was determined by analyzing several cDNA clones generated by conventional cloning methods and by polymerase chain reaction. Sequences of these chicken embryo fibroblast clones plus two c-src cDNA clones isolated from a brain cDNA library show that there is considerable heterogeneity in sequences upstream from the c-src coding sequence. Within this region, which contains at least 300 nucleotides upstream of the translational initiation site in exon 2, there exist at least two exons in each cDNA which fall into five cDNA classes. Four unique 5' exon sequences, designated exons UE1, UE2, UEX, and UEY, were observed. All of them are spliced to the previously characterized c-src exons 1 and 2 with the exception of type 2 cDNA. In type 2, the exon 1 is spliced to a novel downstream exon, designated exon 1a, which maps in the region of the c-src DNA defined previously as intron 1. Exon UE1 is rich in G+C content and is mapped at 7.8 kb upstream from exon 1. This exon is also present in the two cDNA clones from the brain cDNA library. Exon UE2 is located at 8.5 kb upstream from exon 1. The precise locations of exons UEX and UEY have not been determined, but both are more than 12 kb upstream from exon 1. The existence and exon arrangements of these 5' cDNAs were further confirmed by RNase protection assays and polymerase chain reactions using specific primers. Our findings indicate that the heterogeneity in the 5' sequences of the c-src mRNAs results from differential splicing and perhaps use of distinct initiation sites. All of these RNAs have the potential of coding for pp60c-src, since their 5' exons are all eventually joined to exon 2.
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Benson, C. David. "Piers Plowman: A Facsimile of Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Douce 104." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 16, no. 1 (1994): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.1994.0039.
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Reyden, Dianne van der. "MAXIMIZING MINIMUM RESOURCES FOR PAPER-BASED ARCHIVES, LIBRARY AND RESEARCH COLLECTIONS." Studies in Conservation 39, sup1 (September 1994): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1994.032.
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Brown, A. Jean E., Colin Liddie, and Anne Bacon. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTERIZATION PROFILES AND A SPECTRAL LIBRARY FOR PIGMENTS." Studies in Conservation 47, supplement2 (September 2002): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2002.003.
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Haruna, Ken-ichi, Muhammad H. Alkazemi, Yuchen Liu, Dieter Söll, and Markus Englert. "Engineering the elongation factor Tu for efficient selenoprotein synthesis." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 15 (July 26, 2014): 9976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku691.
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Abstract Selenocysteine (Sec) is naturally co-translationally incorporated into proteins by recoding the UGA opal codon with a specialized elongation factor (SelB in bacteria) and an RNA structural signal (SECIS element). We have recently developed a SECIS-free selenoprotein synthesis system that site-specifically—using the UAG amber codon—inserts Sec depending on the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). Here, we describe the engineering of EF-Tu for improved selenoprotein synthesis. A Sec-specific selection system was established by expression of human protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (hAGT), in which the active site cysteine codon has been replaced by the UAG amber codon. The formed hAGT selenoprotein repairs the DNA damage caused by the methylating agent N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and thereby enables Escherichia coli to grow in the presence of this mutagen. An EF-Tu library was created in which codons specifying the amino acid binding pocket were randomized. Selection was carried out for enhanced Sec incorporation into hAGT; the resulting EF-Tu variants contained highly conserved amino acid changes within members of the library. The improved UTu-system with EF-Sel1 raises the efficiency of UAG-specific Sec incorporation to >90%, and also doubles the yield of selenoprotein production.
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Garbáty, Thomas J. "The Pierpont Morgan Library Manuscript M. 817 ed. by Paul G. Ruggiers." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 10, no. 1 (1988): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.1988.0033.
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Shenton, Helen. "PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH CONSERVATION AT THE BRITISH LIBRARY." Studies in Conservation 53, sup1 (January 2008): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2008.53.supplement-1.130.
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Shakir, Muhammad, Shuoben Hou, Raheleh Hedayati, Bengt Gunnar Malm, Mikael Östling, and Carl-Mikael Zetterling. "Towards Silicon Carbide VLSI Circuits for Extreme Environment Applications." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050496.
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A Process Design Kit (PDK) has been developed to realize complex integrated circuits in Silicon Carbide (SiC) bipolar low-power technology. The PDK development process included basic device modeling, and design of gate library and parameterized cells. A transistor–transistor logic (TTL)-based PDK gate library design will also be discussed with delay, power, noise margin, and fan-out as main design criterion to tolerate the threshold voltage shift, beta ( β ) and collector current ( I C ) variation of SiC devices as temperature increases. The PDK-based complex digital ICs design flow based on layout, physical verification, and in-house fabrication process will also be demonstrated. Both combinational and sequential circuits have been designed, such as a 720-device ALU and a 520-device 4 bit counter. All the integrated circuits and devices are fully characterized up to 500 °C. The inverter and a D-type flip-flop (DFF) are characterized as benchmark standard cells. The proposed work is a key step towards SiC-based very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits implementation for high-temperature applications.
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Ahumada, Andrea V., Juan J. Clariá, Eduardo Bica, and Carlos M. Dutra. "Dating Star Clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 207 (2002): 724–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900224686.
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We have mainly estimated ages and foreground interstellar reddening values for 15 SMC concentrated star clusters, from integrated spectra in the range (3600–6800) Å. Most of the sample are young blue objects (6–60 Myr), while L28, NGC 643 and L 114 are found to be intermediate-age clusters (1–6 Gyr). The present data also constitute a spectral library at the metallicity level of SMC clusters.
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Heffernan, Thomas J. "The Vernon Manuscript: A Facsimile of Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Eng. Poet. a.l." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 12, no. 1 (1990): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.1990.0040.
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West FitzHugh, Elisabeth, Marco Leona, and Nobuko Shibayama. "Pigments in a Paint Box Belonging to Whistler in the Library of Congress." Studies in Conservation 56, no. 2 (March 2011): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2011.56.2.115.
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Weller, Harold N., Katalin Ebinger, William Bullock, Kurt J. Edinger, Mark A. Hermsmeier, Steven L. Hoffman, David S. Nirschl, et al. "Orthogonality of SFC versus HPLC for Small Molecule Library Separation." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 12, no. 6 (November 8, 2010): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc100118y.
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Liu, Yi, Zhou Shi, Ganlin Zhang, Yiyun Chen, Shuo Li, Yongshen Hong, Tiezhu Shi, Junjie Wang, and Yaolin Liu. "Application of Spectrally Derived Soil Type as Ancillary Data to Improve the Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon by Using the Chinese Soil Vis-NIR Spectral Library." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111747.
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Ancillary data, such as soil type, may improve the visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC); however, they require data collection or expert knowledge. The application of a national soil spectral library to local SOC estimations usually requires soil type information, because the relationships between vis-NIR spectra and SOC from different populations may vary. Using 515 samples of five soil types (genetic soil classification of China, GSCC) from the Chinese soil spectral library (CSSL), we compared three strategies in the vis-NIR estimation of SOC. Different regression models were calibrated using the entire dataset (Strategy I, without using soil type as ancillary data) and the subsets stratified by soil type from CSSL as ancillary data (strategies II and III). In Strategy II, the subsets were stratified by soil type from the CSSL for validation. In Strategy III, the subsets were stratified by spectrally derived soil type for validation. The results showed that 86.72% of the samples were successfully discriminated for the soil types by using the vis-NIR spectra. The coefficients of determination in the prediction ( R p 2 ) of SOC estimation by strategies I, II, and III were 0.74, 0.83, and 0.82, respectively. The stratified calibration strategies (strategies II and III) improved the vis-NIR estimation of SOC. The misclassification of the soil type in the application of Strategy III slightly affected the SOC estimations. Nevertheless, this strategy is inexpensive and beneficial when expert knowledge on soil classification is lacking. We concluded that vis-NIR spectroscopy could be applied to distinguish some soil types in terms of GSCC, which further provided essential and easily accessible ancillary data for the application of stratified calibration strategies in the vis-NIR estimation of SOC.
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Manda, Sudhakar, Na Keum Lee, Dong-Chan Oh, and Jeeyeon Lee. "Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) for the Dual Degradation of IGF-1R and Src." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081948.
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A focused PROTAC library was developed to degrade both IGF-1R and Src proteins, which are associated with various cancers. PROTACs with IGF-1R and Src degradation potentials were synthesized by tethering different inhibitor warhead units and the E3 ligase (CRBN) recruiting-pomalidomide with various linkers. The designed PROTACs 12a–b inhibited the proliferation and migration of MCF7 and A549 cancer cells with low micromolar potency (1–5 μM) in various cellular assays.
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Boynton, S. "Canto e colore: i corali di San Domenico di Perugia nella Biblioteca comunale Augusta (XIII XIV sec.). Ed. by CLAUDIA PARMEGGIANI. Perugia: Volumnia Editrice. 2006. 235 pp. 40. ISBN 88 89024 29 1." Library 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/8.4.444.
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Quintarelli, Concetta, Gianpietro Dotti, Biagio De Angelis, Valentina Hoyos, Fabrizio Pane, Martha P. Mims, Helen E. Heslop, Cliona M. Rooney, Malcolm K. Brenner, and Barbara Savoldo. "Polyclonal PRAME-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generated Using Protein-Spanning Pools of Overlapping Pentadecapeptides Target Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 3899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3899.3899.
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Abstract The cancer testis antigen PRAME is a potential target for adoptive T-cell or vaccine therapy of many hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. PRAME-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (PRAME-CTLs) can be detected in patients with hematologic malignancies and we have shown that they can be generated and expanded ex-vivo, using an optimized combination of artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) (K562 cell line genetically modified to express the HLA-A*02, CD80, CD40L and OX40L molecules) and cytokines (IL12, IL7 and IL15). Four HLA-A*02 PRAME-derived epitopes (P100, P142, P300 and P425) have previously been identified using a proteosome-mediated digestion analysis. However, this strategy, since relying only on the major cleavage site targeted by the immune-proteosome machinery for epitopes generation, may limit the potential clinical value of the identified peptides. We have now adopted an alternative method that uses a peptide-library consisting of 125 synthetic pentadecapeptides, overlapping by 11 aminoacids, spanning the entire PRAME protein. We evaluated whether novel HLA-A*02 restricted CD8+ T-cell responses to multiple immunogenic epitopes can be identified and used to consistently generate polyclonal PRAME-CTL lines from healthy donors and patients with hematologic malignancies. CD8+ T lymphocytes from 14 HLA-A*02 healthy donors and 3 patients with chronic myelogenenous leukemia (CML) were primed with autologous CD40L-activated B blasts loaded with the PRAME-peptide library in the presence of low doses of IL12, IL7 and IL15, and then expanded by weekly re-stimulation with peptide loaded aAPC and IL-2. The frequency and specificity of PRAME-CTLs were evaluated using IFNg Elispot and 51Cr release assays against PHA-blasts loaded with the PRAME-library. Using this approach we consistently generated PRAME-CTLs in 12 of the 14 HLA-A*02 healthy donors (526±101 SFC/105 cells as assessed by IFNg Elispot assay) compared to an irrelevant peptide-library (7±2 SFC/105). Similarly, PRAME-CTLs were generated from all 3 CML patients (441±250 SFC/105 cells vs 22±10 SFC/105 against an irrelevant peptide-library). These PRAME-CTLs were also able to target autologous tumor blasts (57±6 IFNg SFC/105), demonstrating that the same peptides were processed and presented physiologically. A Cr51 release assay confirmed that the PRAME-reactive T cells were cytotoxic, lysing autologous-PHA blasts loaded with the peptides derived from the PRAME-library (63±14% at a 20:1 E: T ratio), but not with irrelevant peptides (<15%). MHC class-I blocking experiments using specific antibodies showed that both IFNg release and cytotoxic activity were HLA-restricted. Using pentadecapeptides sub-pools, we found that the responses of our expanded PRAME-CTLs were polyclonal, since they consistently released IFNg in response to 1 to 6 pentadecapeptides pools (59% were specific for 1 or 2 pools, 25% to 3 pools, and 16% to 6 pools). Moreover, the approach we describe has allowed us to identify 6 potential new immunogenic 15-mer peptides that are processed and presented by tumor cells, and should facilitate expansion of polyclonal PRAME-CTLs for adoptive transfer or after vaccine administration to patients with PRAME+ hematological malignancy.
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Brown, A. Jean E., Colin Liddie, and Anne Bacon. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTERIZATION PROFILES AND A SPECTRAL LIBRARY FOR PIGMENTS." Studies in Conservation 47, sup2 (September 2002): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2002.47.s2.003.
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Millett, Bella. "John Mirk’s “Festial”: Edited from British Library MS Cotton Claudius A.II (review)." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 34, no. 1 (2012): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.2012.0045.
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Viñas, Salvador Muñoz, and Eugene Farrell. "Technical analysis of illuminated manuscripts from the Library at the University of Valencia, spain." Studies in Conservation 37, no. 1 (January 1992): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1992.37.1.99.
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Li, Shihao, Fuhua Li, Yusu Xie, Bing Wang, Rong Wen, Chengsong Zhang, Kuijie Yu, and Jianhai Xiang. "Screening of Genes Specifically Expressed in Males ofFenneropenaeus chinensisand Their Potential as Sex Markers." Journal of Marine Biology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/921067.
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The androgenic gland (AG), playing an important role in sex differentiation of male crustacean, is a target candidate to understand the mechanism of male development and to mine male-specific sex markers. An SSH library (designated as male reproduction-related tissues—SSH library, MRT-SSH library for short) was constructed using cDNA from tissues located at the basal part of the 5th pereiopods, including AG and part of spermatophore sac, as tester, and the cDNA from the basal part of the 4th pereiopods of these male shrimp as driver. 402 ESTs from the SSH library were sequenced and assembled into 48 contigs and 104 singlets. Twelve contigs and 14 singlets were identified as known genes. The proteins encoded by the identified genes were categorized, according to their proposed functions, into neuropeptide hormone and hormone transporter, RNA posttranscriptional regulation, translation, cell growth and death, metabolism, genetic information processing, signal transduction/transport, or immunity-related proteins. Eleven highly expressed contigs in the SSH library were selected for validation of the MRT-SSH library and screening sex markers of shrimp. One contig, specifically expressed in male shrimp, had a potential to be developed as a transcriptomic sex marker in shrimp.
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de Arteni, Myriam Sanchez-Posada. "‘Tales of Japan’: a travelling exhibition of Japanese art from the New York Public Library." Studies in Conservation 33, no. 1 (January 1988): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1988.33.1.95.
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