Academic literature on the topic 'Life's too short'
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Journal articles on the topic "Life's too short"
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Heller-Nicholas, Alexandra. "Life’s too short: Ant Timpson on Come To Daddy." Film International 18, no. 1 (2020): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fint_00014_7.
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Goldblatt, Colin, and Andrew J. Watson. "The runaway greenhouse: implications for future climate change, geoengineering and planetary atmospheres." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1974 (2012): 4197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0004.
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The ultimate climate emergency is a ‘runaway greenhouse’: a hot and water-vapour-rich atmosphere limits the emission of thermal radiation to space, causing runaway warming. Warming ceases only after the surface reaches approximately 1400 K and emits radiation in the near-infrared, where water is not a good greenhouse gas. This would evaporate the entire ocean and exterminate all planetary life. Venus experienced a runaway greenhouse in the past, and we expect that the Earth will in around 2 billion years as solar luminosity increases. But could we bring on such a catastrophe prematurely, by our current climate-altering activities? Here, we review what is known about the runaway greenhouse to answer this question, describing the various limits on outgoing radiation and how climate will evolve between these. The good news is that almost all lines of evidence lead us to believe that is unlikely to be possible, even in principle, to trigger full a runaway greenhouse by addition of non-condensible greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. However, our understanding of the dynamics, thermodynamics, radiative transfer and cloud physics of hot and steamy atmospheres is weak. We cannot therefore completely rule out the possibility that human actions might cause a transition, if not to full runaway, then at least to a much warmer climate state than the present one. High climate sensitivity might provide a warning. If we, or more likely our remote descendants, are threatened with a runaway greenhouse, then geoengineering to reflect sunlight might be life's only hope. Injecting reflective aerosols into the stratosphere would be too short-lived, and even sunshades in space might require excessive maintenance. In the distant future, modifying Earth's orbit might provide a sustainable solution. The runaway greenhouse also remains relevant in planetary sciences and astrobiology: as extrasolar planets smaller and nearer to their stars are detected, some will be in a runaway greenhouse state.
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Stankovic, Biljana. "New morbidity of the young." Stanovnistvo 40, no. 1-4 (2002): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0201053s.
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In the present phase of epidemiological transition, the most frequent causes of youth morbidity are disorders in reproductive health, mental disorders and injuries which are not life threatening. This, so-called new youth morbidity, is most often caused by their risky behavior, which in the field of sexuality often leads to unplanned pregnancies and abortions, as well as sexually transmitted infections. Misuse of tobacco, alcohol and narcotics, which is most commonly started in adolescence, has an unfavorable short-term and long-term influence on the psycho-physical health of the young. All research, in the world and in our country, indicate gradual yet constant growth of sexual activity of the youth and the age decrease of its starting point, especially when girls are in question. Due to insufficient maturity and inadequate knowledge and consciousness on the necessity of protecting reproductive health, sexual behavior of young people can often be characterized as insufficiently responsible and not supplemented with the usage of adequate protective measures. The result is frequently abortion, which terminates 90% of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies in this age. This creates health and psychosocial risks, as well as giving birth in adolescence which is contrary to the modern health concepts that giving birth should not be performed too early, while the young are still developing. A significant increase in the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases is also present, to which the youth are especially susceptible due to the specific development period in which they are in. A serious medical and sociopathological problem of contemporary society represents the greater and greater misuse of psychoactive substances among the young people, with a tendency of decreasing the average age they are consumed for the first time, as well as the use of drugs and alcohol. With the increase of the anti-smoking campaign and restrictive measures in highly developed countries smoking among young people is decreasing, while it is increasing in Eastern Europe and developing countries. As the health disorders of young people mentioned above, are conditioned, above all, by their risky behavior and insufficient relation towards health, the degree to which they are widespread can be influenced by prevention. Educational and health institutes represent the carriers of preventive activity, which understands health education and aid to young people in overcoming life's skills, along with the necessity to direct support to the family as well, which maintains a significant place in the life of young people and has a important influence on their behavior to risk exposure. A significant influence is also legal and provision regulations, the role of mass media, as well as the activities of political, nongovernmental, religious and other organizations which determine the environment in which young people live.
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Swensen, Clifford H. "Psychological Aspects of Life Support." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 24, no. 2 (1992): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j827-8yfm-aamg-guk3.
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Psychologists have done little research on the psychological aspects of life support. Research in other areas of psychology has produced results applicable to the life support situation, however. The results of directly and indirectly applicable research indicate that both patients and their intimates suffer less psychological distress if those who have a close positive relationship with the patient maintain emotional closeness to the patient and participate in making decisions concerning life support. Decisions to end treatment are difficult because ending treatment changes the social structure and identity of the survivors. Death is less stressful if the death comes at the right time of life, and the process of dying is neither too long nor too short. People feel less distress if they have appropriate information concerning the situation and have some control.
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Bruyn, J. "Over het 16de en 17de-eeuwse portret in de Nederlanden als memento mori." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 105, no. 4 (1991): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501791x00146.
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AbstractThe two sides of the current debate on the nature of 16th- and 17h-century realism are represented by an interpretation based on the recognition of familiar psychological and social factors on the one hand, and one which is averse to all empathy and endcavours to trace the intellectual process that determined function and meaning of images in the past on the other hand. This formulation of the problem also bears on portraiture, to which certain recent interpretations have assigned the significance of sociological documcnts. It is argued here that the portrait, too, had its place in the metaphorically structured and religiously orientated thought that still played a dominant role in the 17th century. Closely linked with the portrait's primary function - which is to perpetuate the memory of the sitter- is the reminder of death and transience cncountered in many (not all!) portraits. In a Family Group painted in 1661 by Jan Mytens in Dublin (fig. 1), the father points to two figurcs on the left who arc obviously deceased (as the papaver comniferum in front of them probably indicates). The piece of paper in his pointing hand is a frequent attribute of sitters in early sixteenth-century portraits, rolled up or folded (fig. 2). Seventeenth-century texts and a large number of vanitas still lifes (fig. 3) suggest that the motif was a symbol of transience: it is in this capacity that it was still being used a century ago in tomb sculpture (together with a skull) (fig. 4). The early sixteenth century saw not only the introduction of the sheet of paper but of a number of other motives which endowed the by now autonomous portrait with a religious meaning and which, together with more familiar symbols such as the skull, hourglass and carnation, alluded to the transience of earthly existcncc and the hope of eternal life. Some of them were only occasionally used, others (like the sheet of papicr) maintained their status as fixed items in the iconographic tradition. They include: - the glove (figs. 5 and 7): a frequently used motif (chiefly, but not exclusively, in male portraits) whose meaning the rejection of the false illusion of eartly existence and the search for truc life in the hereafter becomes only apparent from a relatively late printed source; - the cast shadow (fig. 7), which features in various biblical texts as an image of earthly transience and in the 16th and 17th centuries (in portraits, as well as genre scenes and still lifcs) was clearly understood as such; - musical instruments (fig. 8), which not only suggested the harmony of married life but also, due to their short lived sounds, were used as a vanitas motif in portraits and still lifes; - sumptuous architecture (fig. 8), which recalled the wealth of the rich man in Luke 12 and hence, again, the brief enjoyment of earthly possessions. Used less often, but with similar implications, were: - the butterfly (notes 42-44); - the vase of flowers (fig. 9); - the broken column (fig. 10). The meaning of the frequently occurring intact column, sometimes in combination with a curtain is still unclear. Even quite late in the 17th century a new motif was introduced in portraits to express he old vanitas idea: the waterfall, which notably in works by Jacob van Ruisdael had developed into an accepted vanitas motif (fig. 11).
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"Life's Too Short." Science 323, no. 5910 (2009): 12h. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5910.12h.
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Church, Andrea. "Composing a Better World." Earth Common Journal 1, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.6.
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This article is a study of the musical composition, We Arrived Safely Because We Sailed Too Close to Shore, by Ryan Sims. Some of the research techniques are discussed, as well as the inspiration for the piece, the tools he used, and the technical details of production. Ryan did not learn to read music until he attended Grant MacEwan University’s music program – a year is a short time to transition from learning how to read and write music to being able to compose a multi-instrument piece. He was inspired by a journey and felt that it reflected his own life’s path. Ryan’s piece is only the beginning for his career. He finds inspiration in everything and brings that talent to his work.
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Clark, Ruth. "Lessons learned from an entrepreneurial career in workforce learning." Education Review // Reseñas Educativas 25 (October 24, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/er.v25.2427.
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Excerpt: Life and TradeoffsWhen I returned from a three-week tour of Spain, a good friend asked: “How did you like traveling on a tour rather than on your own?” My response reflected one of my life’s lessons learned: “It was a tradeoff. From La Familia Sangrada to the local saffron farm, we were able to experience the unique wonders of Spain in a short time period. No waiting in line to get tickets. No getting lost. No unpleasant surprises. On the other hand, if you wanted to sleep in later or spend another day in a place you loved—too bad.” In short, like many of life’s decisions and paths, there were tradeoffs.Just as there is no one set of instructional methods that are universally effective for all learners in all contexts, likewise the paths I have taken are not necessarily routes and decisions that will work best for you. [Download the full-text and read more...]
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Нorbach, Nataliia, and Halyna Prykhodna. "THE SPECIFIC OF GENRE NATURE OF THE BOOK «SINGING CRADLE MADE OF WILLOW» BY YE. HUTSALO." Young Scientist 11, no. 87 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2020-11-87-91.
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The article is devoted to analyzing synthetic genre variety which was realized by Ye. Hutsalo in the book «Singing cradle made of willow. Occupation frescoes». Collection’s pieces of writing are connected by a common theme: life’s histories by residents of Ovechache village which fell into the epicenter of World War II; by common heroes: old women Lykora and her little grandson through whose perception’s prism the reader looks at the world; by pictorial and expressive means. Almost every short story is a complete formal-semantic unity, which is easily perceived outside the general context. For social background depiction Ye. Hutsalo shows the events that have long been silenced – forced collectivization and Holodomor of 1932–1933, for showing the occupation reality – the Nazi pogroms of the Jewish population, problems of collaborationism, etc. The main character of frescoes is not more than five or six years old but the narrative form of the story bifurcates: we look at the world not just by little child’s eyes but by an adult person’s too who retell and analyze his childish feelings. The small size of written pieces, in the most cases linear plot with long exposition and rising action and rapid, often unexpected culmination and resolution gave ground to accent at the proximity of the fresco with varieties of the novella (plotless novella, a novella of mood, novella memory-based, novella-landscape). Parable-like poetics, philosophical enthusiasm, synesthesia, impressionism and expressionism features, based on a combination of painting and literature characteristics, lyricism, figurative expressiveness, the richness of artistic means are defined as the dominant features of the collection’s pieces. Immersions in folk art, appeal to the inner world of the common person, attention to the changing children’s world are the features that connect the writer’s book with the Sixtiers.
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Wijngaards, Indy, Owen C. King, Martijn J. Burger, and Job van Exel. "Worker Well-Being: What it Is, and how it Should Be Measured." Applied Research in Quality of Life, March 26, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09930-w.
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AbstractWorker well-being is a hot topic in organizations, consultancy and academia. However, too often, the buzz about worker well-being, enthusiasm for new programs to promote it and interest to research it, have not been accompanied by universal enthusiasm for scientific measurement. Aim to bridge this gap, we address three questions. To address the question ‘What is worker well-being?’, we explain that worker well-being is a multi-facetted concept and that it can be operationalized in a variety of constructs. We propose a four-dimensional taxonomy of worker well-being constructs to illustrate the concept’s complexity and classify ten constructs within this taxonomy. To answer the question ‘How can worker well-being constructs be measured?’, we present two aspects of measures: measure obtrusiveness (i.e., the extent to which obtaining a measure interferes with workers’ experiences) and measure type (i.e., closed question survey, word, behavioral and physiological). We illustrate the diversity of measures across our taxonomy and uncover some hitherto under-appreciated avenues for measuring worker well-being. Finally, we address the question ‘How should a worker well-being measure be selected?’ by discussing conceptual, methodological, practical and ethical considerations when selecting a measure. We summarize these considerations in a short checklist. It is our hope that with this study researchers – working in organizations, in academia or both – will feel more competent to find effective strategies for the measurement worker well-being and eventually make policies and choices with a better understanding of what drives worker well-being.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life's too short"
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Remy, Jeannine Irene. "A historical background of Trinidad and Panorama competitions with an analysis of Ray Holman's 1989 Panorama arrangement of "Life's Too Short"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185401.
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This document is directed toward those who have little knowledge about Trinidad, its people, the Carnival activities, and the Panorama competition. This research work should help summarize the evolution of steel drums while providing a transcription of a Panorama score for further scholarly study. The first part of this lecture document includes a brief history and evolution of Trinidad, its people, and musical developments through Carnival. The second portion reports and discusses field research with the Trintoc Invaders in preparation for the 1989 and 1990 Panorama competitions. The third part is a detailed analysis of Ray Holman's Panorama arrangement of "Life's Too Short" for the Trintoc Invaders using theme and variation as the formal structure. Information for this lecture recital document was gathered from written sources in Trinidadian libraries and field work in the Trintoc Invader's pan yard. The source materials: newspaper articles, magazine articles, and books were gathered from the University of the West Indies in St. Augustine and from the West Indian Collection of the Central Library in Belmont. In addition to these materials, interviews were conducted with some older panmen who participated in the very first steel bands. Documents, such as lists of steel bands in Trinidad and Tobago, Panorama results, and judging procedures were obtained from the Pan Trinbago headquarters in Port-of-Spain. Musical information was gathered by rehearsing and playing tenor pan with the Invaders Steel Band Orchestra located in Woodbrook and working closely with their arranger and composer, Ray Holman. Permission was granted to notate his arrangement for analysis and all rights are reserved.
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Thompson, Andrew C. "Short-term tool life tests using response surfaces." Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44656.
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In the past, tool life tests have been performed using a conventional Taylor testing technique. This methodology is expensive and time-consuming. It requires wearing a number of tools until the tool failure criterion has been reached. A number of short-term tests designed to replace the Taylor test have been proposed but they suffer from a
number of drawbacks. Many of these tests are performed under non- standard cutting conditions or require special workpiece preparation or equipment. As a result, tool life models developed from these tests are of limited usefulness in predicting tool failure times for conventional machining operations.
A methodology is required which combines the time and cost advantages of non-conventional tests with statistical validity and robustness. In this research, two short-term tests are presented which are based on the Taylor test. Response surface models are used
to develop the parameters of Taylor's tool life equation. The tests are shortened by using regression equations of flank wear data to predict the tool failure time without wearing the tool to failure. The two methods, abbreviated conventional testing and sequential composite testing, are statistically validated and compared with the Hill Taylor test. The
results show that these tests can accurately predict tool life and the resulting Taylor models are not significantly different from those estimated by conventional means.<br>Master of Engineering
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Doolan, Michael Patrick. "A Life Too Short: Child death by homicide in New Zealand: An examination of incidence and statutory child protection actions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social Work, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1034.
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Using secondary analysis methodology - a statistical analysis of Police data - this study examines the annual incidence and patterns of child (0-14 years) death by homicide in New Zealand in the decade 1991-2000, and identifies the similarities and differences ofthese with an earlier New Zealand study and with international patterns. The study then determines the number of victims of child homicide with whom the New Zealand child care and protection service had had significant contact during the years 1996-2000, this period being chosen because of the availability of comprehensive case records. The report describes the New Zealand child care and protection legislative scheme and delineates the phases of an investigation undertaken by the Department of Child Youth and Family Services, identifying the possible practice errors attendant with each phase. Using qualitative analysis of case reviews undertaken by the Department of Child Youth and Family Services, the study investigates when deaths have occurred: during intake and prior to investigation; during an investigation; or during an intervention; and identifies the incidence of practice error. The findings of the two parts of the study are integrated using a systems perspective that discusses the influences of family, professional, organisational and community systems on child homicide. The report concludes with the implications of this analysis for child care and protection policy, practice and research. The findings of the study are discussed together with the implications for child protection practice.
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Lee, Aletheia. "Site-directed monoclonal antibodies : developing a tool for manipulating AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in the mouse brain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aa83582e-d096-4b0b-be6f-55a74fb16014.
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Ionotropic glutamate AMPA-type receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and are essential for synaptic plasticity. Expression of the receptor subunits varies with cell type, stage of development and brain region. Subunit composition determines functional properties of the receptor, including gating kinetics and synaptic trafficking. The research aimed to selectively disrupt the GluA1 subunit abundantly expressed in the hippocampus of the wild-type mouse, so as to examine its role in learning and memory. Site-directed monoclonal antibodies were engineered to target the extracellular amino-terminal domain of GluA1 for subunit-selective manipulation. The antibody-binding region was selected for heterogeneity and accessibility based on the amino acid sequences and crystal structures solved for the AMPA receptor subunits. Immunisations of peptide antigen in mice generated serum antibodies that recognise the equivalent epitope on the fully folded GluA1 subunit. The antigen-binding Fab fragment of the monoclonal anti-GluA1 antibody was cloned from hydridoma mRNA and purified from large-scale transient expression in mammalian cells. Biophysical characterisations of anti-GluA1 Fab immunoglobulin showed high specificity and affinity for the target subunit. Acute bilateral intrahippocampal administration of anti-GluA1 Fab protein into awake, behaving wild-type mice produced dissociations in spatial memory performance that resembled GluA1-/- knockout mice. Impaired short-term spatial working memory but intact long-term spatial reference memory observed with anti-GluA1 Fab infusions suggested that the immunoglobulin reagent exerted an acute, reversible, localised, GluA1-specific antagonism in the brain. The findings argue for a critical involvement of the hippocampal GluA1 subunit in certain short-term memory processes, but not in other distinct long-term memory processes. Temporal resolution of the antibody-mediated disruption revealed novel fractionations of short-term memory performance never before observed in the GluA1-/- knockout mice, demonstrating the strength of the monoclonal anti-GluA1 antibodies as an investigative tool.
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Ngo, Duc-Nam, and 吳德南. "Designing a Buffer Management Mechanism of TOC Replenishment for Short Life-cycle Product." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12941124547638694978.
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碩士<br>明新科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系碩士班<br>104<br>The main purpose of short life-cycle industry, such as fashion apparel industry, is to continuously maintain the responsiveness to the changing trends in consumer fashion tastes through quickly creating new designs that are suitable for all customers with an affordable price. Hence, supply chain management has become the key element of the overall strategy for the entire chain. Replenishment Policy and supply chain inventory levels for each inventory point determines whether the entire supply chain to provide high availability of low inventory of products. However, the rapid change of old and new products, making retailers is often subjected to high inventory and high out of stock, this often leads to the need to make rush orders or follow up of production to meet the actual demand, resulting in a supply chain even less stable. Therefore, a major challenge for the short life cycle products is how to ensure the maintenance of low inventory and high availability in case of rapid change of old and new products in order to avoid becoming obsolete items, cut prices to attract buyers or fall down the drain situation. This study proposed a buffer management mechanism of TOC replenishment for short life cycle product , have four models to simulation, includes traditional ordering patterns, pull replenishment, pull replenishment buffer management and add production strategy model. Simulation results show when demand fluctuate small or stable, the presented effect there is no difference between pull replenishment and pull replenishment buffer management; When demand fluctuate a great deal, pull replenishment buffer management for shipments upgrade and to ensure that out of stock amount reduced. After the pull replenishment buffer management added production strategies, for the short life cycle of the product can get a better performance, so the supply chain can be closer to the low inventory and high availability goal, making the product life cycle at the end of the sale and the highest overall inventory to a minimum.
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Yu-Chi, Lee, and 李玉麒. "Designing an Operational Model of TOC Demand – Pull Replenishment System to Short Products Life Cycle." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52596530921206711202.
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碩士<br>明新科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系碩士班<br>102<br>Manufacturing industry is facing intense competitive environment, we must continue to develop, design, and manufacture of new products, enabling customers to meet the increasingly diverse needs, and products based on the replenishment policy considerations mature works, it does not seem appropriate response the impact of short product life cycles. Another feature of the product life cycle is short, how to ensure that, before the end of the product life cycle control of all inventory gradual declines in the supply chain, until close to the end of the inventory, in order to avoid becoming obsolete items, or lose everything falls into lower prices to attract buyers’ normalization of the situation. Replenishment model roughly divided into "push replenishment"(Push Replenishment System) and "pull replenishment"(Pull replenishment System). The push replenishment system is to predict consumer demand based replenishment management; pull replenishment system is based on actual consumer demand as the basis for replenishment. In this study, we design a replenishment operation model for short product life cycle that will consider the central warehouse inventory settings,ordering method, what time ends and the end of the operation the way,making the supply system to ensure the highest sales reached at the end of the life cycle, overall inventory lowest operational objectives. In this study, the use of simulation to the proposed replenishment decision-making process joins pull replenishment of the traditional push model. After adding confirmed pull replenishment decision-making process through the simulation results, in the short life cycle of the product can get a better performance, so the supply chain can be closer to the low inventory and high availability (Availability) goal, making the product life cycle at the end of the sale and the highest overall inventory to a minimum.
Keywords: Theory of Constraints, Pull System, Product Life Cycle, Inventory Management, Distribution Management
Books on the topic "Life's too short"
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Simpson, Melanie. Life's too short to miss the big picture (for moms!). Leafwood Publishers, 2012.
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Life's too short: Young people and the problem of death. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2012.
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Life's too short to drink cheap wine: A salute to friendship. Classic Day Pub., 2004.
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Life's too short: Top tips and insider cheats for the modern woman. Headline, 2012.
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Hufnagle, Bill. Biker Billy's freeway-a-fire cookbook: Life's too short to eat dull food. W. Morrow, 2000.
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Quinn, Lisa. Life's too short to fold fitted sheets: Your ultimate guide to domestic liberation. Chronicle Books, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Life's too short"
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Calleja, Jen. "Life’s Too Short: On Translating Christian Marclay’s -Book The Clock." In Translating across Sensory and Linguistic Borders. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97244-2_16.
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Sun, Yang, Helen Huifen Cai, Rui Su, Qianhui Shen, and Merlin Stone. "Researching the advantage of low quality in short life cycle products." In The Routledge Companion to Marketing Research. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315544892-27.
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Tellez-Morales, Gabriel. "XP Practices: A Successful Tool for Increasing and Transferring Practical Knowledge in Short-Life Software Development Projects." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01853-4_20.
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McQuaid, Christopher D., and P. A. Scherman. "Thermal Stress in a High Shore Intertidal Environment: Morphological and Behavioural Adaptations of the Gastropod Littorina africana." In Behavioral Adaptation to Intertidal Life. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3737-7_16.
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Page, Alexander Gamst. "From Familial Pressure to Seeking One’s Fortune: Chinese International Students’ Search for Geographical and Social Mobility as a Response to Societal and Familial Pressures." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_4.
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AbstractThe societal changes seen in China since 1978 have created a sharp generational divide. Those born after the 1980s are mostly singletons raised with high life-expectations, both of themselves and from their families. The singletons want freedom of choice and social mobility, but the stiff competition at Chinese universities makes such ambitions unattainable for many. Study abroad is sometimes seen as an alternative gateway to social mobility. This chapter is based on participant observation of, and interviews with, a group of 40 Chinese students in Norway. The fieldwork took place from 2012 to 2014. The research questions concern (a) what motivates their sojourn, (b) their aspirations for the future and (c) how their migration would facilitate this. The findings are that they seek to construct themselves as global citizens able to travel and work anywhere. A Western degree is seen as enabling this. However, as single children, the burden of caring for their parents is theirs alone and a decline in the health of the latter would therefore necessitate an early return. Thus, the opportunities abroad are, by their nature, transitory and liable to be cut short at any time. However, the students believe that they will retain potential mobility, which may be used when their life-circumstances permit.
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Whitehead, Tony. "‘Life's too short’: All or Nothing." In Mike Leigh. Manchester University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719072369.003.0040.
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Whitehead, Tony. "‘Life’s too short’." In Mike Leigh. Manchester University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781847791986.00017.
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Sterne, Laurence. "Chapter VII." In The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199532896.003.0034.
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Tho' my father was a good natural philosopher, yet he was something of a moral philosopher too; for which reason, when his tobacco-pipe snapp'd short in the middle, he had nothing to do,—as such,—but to have taken hold of the two pieces, and thrown...
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"Contents." In A Short Life of Kierkegaard. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400845972-toc.
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"Contents." In A Short Life of Trouble. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520942196-toc.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Life's too short"
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Telat, Yanik, Yanik Telat, Aslan Irfan, and Aslan Irfan. "EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON AQUATIC LIFE." In XXVII International Shore Conference "Arctic Coast: The Path to Sustainability". Academus Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5cebbc14abe349.69831818.
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Based on the assumptions of many researchers, global warming and anthropogenic factors such as pollution, transporting and trading, as well as invasionism, lessepsianism, endangerism effect negatively and will continue to effect aquatic populations and their existence in the ecosystem and related habitats. Thus, it may be stated that climate warming and anthropogenic factors will certainly cause extinction of some aquatic organisms as well as fish species in the end, by 2080 or 2100. Considering economic impacts of losing some species, the new areas of fishing should be decided to sustain current needs of human and food industry. In this paper, the effects of global warming, natural and anthropogenic factors affecting aquatic life were discussed by using the data from various reports.
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Singhal, Gaurav, Aengus Connolly, Manuel Laranjinha, Colin McKinnon, and Alan Mortimer. "Independent Assessment of Current Floater Concepts for Floating Wind Application." In SNAME 26th Offshore Symposium. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/tos-2021-04.
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Most of the offshore wind developments to date, globally, have been bottom-fixed foundations located in shallow waters (&lt;30m water depth) and in close proximity to shore. However, as technology improves and as space for near-shore sites decreases, offshore wind development is projected to trend towards deeper waters. Floating wind is thus expected to become one of the leading renewable energy sources over the next decade or so. Notably, the success of pilot projects in Europe has confirmed the viability of floating wind technology, drawing in additional developers to the market. In the United States, there is a significant potential for floating offshore wind off the coast of California, Maine, and Hawaii. While the majority of current floating wind activity is concentrated in &lt;200m water depth, further technology improvement coupled with experience from floating oil and gas developments will lead to even deeper floating wind projects in the future. One key aspect for floating wind technology is the floater foundation that will support the wind turbine assembly. The entire unit will be moored to the seabed and be subject to challenging environment conditions throughout its service life (akin to a floating oil and gas production facility). There are several floating wind concepts currently in the market - a handful are field-proven at pilot project scale but the majority are still in development phase, each with their own unique offering. The purpose of this paper is to perform an independent qualitative assessment of the current floating wind concepts. The assessment will focus on aspects related to technology readiness, design complexity and scalability, material selection, constructability, installation, operations, and maintenance. This paper provides the offshore wind industry with an unbiased opinion on available designs as well as an insight into perceived challenges for future developments. As a disclaimer, it is noted that Wood has utilized public-domain information for this study and has no preference towards any existing floating wind concepts or designs.
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Zolotarevsky, Yu M., I. V. Mnev, and Michael V. Ulanovsky. "Working measurement standards of a short-pulse laser radiation energy unit." In Seventh International Symposium on Laser Metrology Applied to Science, Industry, and Everyday Life, edited by Yuri V. Chugui, Sergei N. Bagayev, Albert Weckenmann, and P. Herbert Osanna. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.484584.
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Liu, Yueping, Jianfeng Li, Jie Sun, and Feng Jiang. "Study on the Influence of Different Tool Edge Radius on Milling Ti6Al4V." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34118.
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Short tool life is one of the bottleneck problems in Ti6Al4V machining. Edge preparation plays an important role on tool life. To investigate the influence of edge preparation on cutting force, cutting heat and chip morphology et al, Finite element model (FEM) is established. The software adopted in this study is ThirdWaveSystems AdvantEdge. Experiment is designed to verify the validation of the FEM model. Based on the validated FEM, optimized edge radius is obtained.
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MITKINOV, M. K. "A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS OF BION ON THE PROBLEMS OF RURAL LIFE." In Scientific conference, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia. Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0521-6-2018-162-164.
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Krishnan, N., and N. J. Themelis. "Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Two Options for MSW Management in New York City: Modern Landfilling vs. Waste to Energy." In 13th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec13-3169.
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The U.S. generates about 370 million short tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) each year. In 2002, an average of 26.9% of this material was either recycled or composted. Of the remainder, an estimated 242 million short tons were disposed of in landfills and about 29 million short tons were combusted in Waste to Energy (WTE) facilities to produce electricity and scrap metal. Effective management of MSW is becoming increasingly challenging, especially in densely populated regions, such as New York City, where there is little or no landfill capacity and the tipping fees have doubled and tripled in recent years. There is also a growing appreciation of the environmental implications of landfills. Even with modern landfill construction, impacts remain from the need for transfer stations to handle putrescible wastes, their transport to distant landfills, and finally landfill gas emissions and potential aqueous run-off. Environmental impacts of concern associated with disposal in WTEs include air emissions of metals, dioxins and greenhouse gases. In the U.S., there is also a strong negative public perception of WTE facilities. Decisions about waste management should be influenced by a consideration of the overall, quantified life-cycle environmental impacts of different options. In this paper we therefore develop a methodology to assess these impacts for landfilling and WTE waste management options. Specifically we attempt to compare these two options for New York City, a large urban area.
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Mnev, I. V. "Theoretical analysis of accuracy parameters for detectors of working measurement standards of short-pulse laser radiation energy unit." In Seventh International Symposium on Laser Metrology Applied to Science, Industry, and Everyday Life, edited by Yuri V. Chugui, Sergei N. Bagayev, Albert Weckenmann, and P. Herbert Osanna. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.484586.
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Arrambide-Leal, Eduardo J., Vianney Lara-Prieto, and Rebeca M. García-García. "Short Videos to Communicate Effectively to Engineering Students." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13002.
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The use of multimedia in education has become a basic tool for educators. As Millennials and Generation Z use technology in their everyday life, the educational model has been shifting towards the use of multimedia and technology to enhance the active learning process. The objective of this project was to design, produce and implement short educational or instructional videos to present content with a more active approach and measure the impact on their understanding and preference. A video with the content of graduation requirements was produced, shared with 240 seniors of Engineering Academic Programs. The results show that 97% of the students liked the video and the way the content was shared and 91.6% of the students find the video format useful. The results show that the learning process was active and effective. The exit poll also shows that 97% of the students think that there should be more educational videos on some other processes. This project included the design, production and implementation of 18 videos. This research describes the approach and impact of using short videos in engineering and transition from a traditional method of sharing content to students to a more active learning environment.Keywords:Educational Videos; Active and Collaborative Learning; Student Engagement; Educational Innovation; Higher Education.
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Salpingidou, Christina, Reinhold Schaber, Hermann Klingels, and Peter Geiger. "Mechanical Design in an Interdisciplinary Predesign Tool." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14633.
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Abstract Within the conceptual design phase of an aero engine parametric studies — taking into account all interdisciplinary disciplines — are carried-out in order to find an optimum engine. MOPEDS (Modular Performance and Engine Design System) is MTU’s predesign tool and is used for these tasks. The already existing methods of MOPEDS are expanded by using and implementing additional tools for a first component mechanical design, thus enabling a “zooming” capability for individual methods. The presented paper describes how these tools are combined in order to achieve a first mechanical design of turbo components already in the conceptual design phase. Based on the performance calculation and a life target, the allowable stresses and temperatures are calculated. Based on the life requirement and the translated temperature and stress limits, the first design of the components is carried out. For complicated geometries such as the blade-root, sophisticated methods are used. Additionally, topology based methods, based on the statistical analysis of existing aero engine geometries, are used for the first design of small elements (outer shroud, inner shroud, rotating air system, disk-wings). The application and the accuracy of the methods are shown in various studies. This approach leads to a first component design of high accuracy in a short time.
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Ames, Eric C., and Raja V. Pulikollu. "Virtual Life and Performance Modeling of Aerospace Spiral Bevel Gears." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12351.
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Spiral bevel gears are widely used in the tail rotor drive trains of most rotorcraft. The loads associated with the tail rotor drive train are generally much more variable than those in the main rotor drive train primarily resulting from maneuvers. Over the life of any particular military rotorcraft it is not uncommon for the aircraft’s operating gross weight to steadily increase, causing the aircraft to fly at higher mean power levels and thus increasing the operating load spectrum associated with the tail rotor drive train. Special missions and equipment such as pulling a mine sweeping sled or very high altitude high gross weight assaults can put severe load demands on the tail drive train. This paper details an effort conducted to evaluate the effects of short to moderate duration overloads on the spiral bevel gears of the UH-60 helicopter tail rotor drive train. The focus of the effort was on the Tail Take-off gear mesh (TTO). An initial analytical assessment of the effect of loads above the endurance limit was conducted using an American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) based approach. To confirm the validity of this approach, overload testing of the TTO gear mesh was conducted by the U.S. Army’s Aviation Applied Technology Directorate at the Navy’s test facility in Paxtuent River MD. Following the testing, the gear tooth bending and surface fatigue lives were analyzed using a microstructure based probabilistic tool developed by Sentient Corporation. The tool, known as Digital Clone was able to run hundreds of virtual tests that closely simulated the actual testing thus providing a low cost method for increasing the confidence associated with the effects of short to moderate high transient loads.
Reports on the topic "Life's too short"
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Currie, Janet, Joshua S. Graff Zivin, Jamie Mullins, and Matthew Neidell. What Do We Know About Short and Long Term Effects of Early Life Exposure to Pollution? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19571.
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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Mehta, Goverdhan, Alain Krief, Henning Hopf, and Stephen A. Matlin. Chemistry in a post-Covid-19 world. AsiaChem Magazine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00013.
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The long-term impacts of global upheaval unleashed by Covid-19 on economic, political, social configurations, trade, everyday life in general, and broader planetary sustainability issues are still unfolding and a full assessment will take some time. However, in the short term, the disruptive effects of the pandemic on health, education, and behaviors and on science and education have already manifested themselves profoundly – and the chemistry arena is also deeply affected. There will be ramifications for many facets of chemistry’s ambit, including how it repositions itself and how it is taught, researched, practiced, and resourced within the rapidly shifting post-Covid-19 contexts. The implications for chemistry are discussed hereunder three broad headings, relating to trends (a) within the field of knowledge transfer; (b) in knowledge application and translational research; and (c) affecting academic/professional life.
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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.
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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Nathan Beane, Kevin Philley, Nia Hurst, and Jacob Jung. An assessment of long-term, multipurpose ecosystem functions and engineering benefits derived from historical dredged sediment beneficial use projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41382.
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The beneficial use of dredged materials improves environmental outcomes while maximizing navigation benefits and minimizing costs, in accordance with the principles of the Engineering With Nature® (EWN) initiative. Yet, few studies document the long-term benefits of innovative dredged material management strategies or conduct comprehensive life-cycle analysis because of a combination of (1) short monitoring time frames and (2) the paucity of constructed projects that have reached ecological maturity. In response, we conducted an ecological functional and engineering benefit assessment of six historic (>40 years old) dredged material–supported habitat improvement projects where initial postconstruction beneficial use monitoring data was available. Conditions at natural reference locations were also documented to facilitate a comparison between natural and engineered landscape features. Results indicate the projects examined provide valuable habitat for a variety of species in addition to yielding a number of engineering (for example, shoreline protection) and other (for example, carbon storage) benefits. Our findings also suggest establishment of ecological success criteria should not overemphasize replicating reference conditions but remain focused on achieving specific ecological functions (that is, habitat and biogeochemical cycling) and engineering benefits (that is, storm surge reduction, navigation channel maintenance) achievable through project design and operational management.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Lewis, Sherman, Emilio Grande, and Ralph Robinson. The Mismeasurement of Mobility for Walkable Neighborhoods. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.2060.
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The major US household travel surveys do not ask the right questions to understand mobility in Walkable Neighborhoods. Yet few subjects can be more important for sustainability and real economic growth based on all things of value, including sustainability, affordability, and quality of life. Walkable Neighborhoods are a system of land use, transportation, and transportation pricing. They are areas with attractive walking distances of residential and local business land uses of sufficient density to support enough business and transit, with mobility comparable to suburbia and without owning an auto. Mobility is defined as the travel time typically spent to reach destinations outside the home, not trips among other destinations that are not related to the home base. A home round trip returns home the same day, a way of defining routine trips based on the home location. Trip times and purposes, taken together, constitute travel time budgets and add up to total travel time in the course of a day. Furthermore, for Walkable Neighborhoods, the analysis focuses on the trips most important for daily mobility. Mismeasurement consists of including trips that are not real trips to destinations outside the home, totaling 48 percent of trips. It includes purposes that are not short trips functional for walk times and mixing of different trips into single purposes, resulting in even less useful data. The surveys do not separate home round trips from other major trip types such as work round trips and overnight trips. The major household surveys collect vast amounts of information without insight into the data needed for neighborhood sustainability. The methodology of statistics gets in the way of using statistics for the deeper insights we need. Household travel surveys need to be reframed to provide the information needed to understand and improve Walkable Neighborhoods. This research makes progress on the issue, but mismeasurement prevents a better understanding of the issue.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, et al. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer240.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapy in patients with specific types of acute pain, including effects on pain, function, quality of life, adverse events, and long-term use of opioids. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to August 2020, reference lists, and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient therapies for eight acute pain conditions: low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain following discharge, dental pain (surgical or nonsurgical), pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease. Meta-analyses were conducted on pharmacologic therapy for dental pain and kidney stone pain, and likelihood of repeat or rescue medication use and adverse events. The magnitude of effects was classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria, and strength of evidence was assessed. Results. One hundred eighty-three RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of therapies for acute pain were included. Opioid therapy was probably less effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for surgical dental pain and kidney stones, and might be similarly effective as NSAIDs for low back pain. Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. For postoperative pain, opioids were associated with increased likelihood of repeat or rescue analgesic use, but effects on pain intensity were inconsistent. Being prescribed an opioid for acute low back pain or postoperative pain was associated with increased likelihood of use of opioids at long-term followup versus not being prescribed, based on observational studies. Heat therapy was probably effective for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation might be effective for acute back pain with radiculopathy, acupressure might be effective for acute musculoskeletal pain, an opioid might be effective for acute neuropathic pain, massage might be effective for some types of postoperative pain, and a cervical collar or exercise might be effective for acute neck pain with radiculopathy. Most studies had methodological limitations. Effect sizes were primarily small to moderate for pain, the most commonly evaluated outcome. Opioids were associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events versus NSAIDs or acetaminophen, including any adverse event, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. Serious adverse events were uncommon for all interventions, but studies were not designed to assess risk of overdose, opioid use disorder, or long-term harms. Evidence on how benefits or harms varied in subgroups was lacking. Conclusions. Opioid therapy was associated with decreased or similar effectiveness as an NSAID for some acute pain conditions, but with increased risk of short-term adverse events. Evidence on nonpharmacological therapies was limited, but heat therapy, spinal manipulation, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, a cervical collar, and exercise were effective for specific acute pain conditions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of therapies for sickle cell pain, acute neuropathic pain, neck pain, and management of postoperative pain following discharge; effects of therapies for acute pain on non-pain outcomes; effects of therapies on long-term outcomes, including long-term opioid use; and how benefits and harms of therapies vary in subgroups.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.