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1
Klimecki, Haley M. "Expression of Human Neutrophil Elastase in K. Lactis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/2.
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Human neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and provide the body with a line of defense against foreign, infectious microorganisms. Contained within the azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils are three serine proteases, Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, and Protease 3. Once a foreign bacterium is engulfed by white blood cells, these enzymes attack and degrade the invading body, thus killing it (Reeves et al., 2002). The focus of this research is centered on the production of one of the serine proteases, human neutrophil elastase (HNE), and while the importance of HNE can be seen, genetic mutations or improper regulation can compromise a person’s immunity. Neutropenia (a low neutrophil count) is one such disease caused by a genetic mutation of HNE that results in susceptibility to infection (Li and Horwitz, 2001). Additionally, HNE is a powerful enzyme that can attack the elastin of the lung if not properly controlled. Consequently, genetic deficiencies of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor protein in the blood can result in emphysema because active HNE released from neutrophils is free to degrade lung tissue (Laurell and Eriksson, 1965).
Recombinant HNE is not currently available, and the enzyme must be isolated from human blood cells, which has inherent hazards. Additionally, the lack of recombinant HNE has prevented studies involving site–directed mutagenesis to study the intracellular processing of HNE near its C-terminal end where mutations have been found to result in neutropenia. Kinetic studies of the full-length HNE might shed some light on why its C-terminal region is removed before storage in cytoplasmic granules.
The HNE DNA sequence was first codon optimized for yeast and commercially synthesized. It was then fused with DNA for eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) via an enterokinase cleavage site (D4K). This DNA construct (eGFP-D4K-HNE) was then inserted into the Kluyveromyces lactis (K. lactis) pKLAC1 vector, downstream of the alpha mating factor which directs proteins for secretion. Then, chemically competent GG799 cells (a strain of K. lactis) were transformed with the linearized pKLAC1-eGFP-D4K-HNE insert through a protocol from New England Biolabs. Theoretically, the gene integrates into the yeast genome upon transformation via sequences within the pKLAC1 vector that are homologous with the LAC4 gene promoter that allows for galactose utilization (Colussi 2005). Acetamide was used as a selectable marker because wild type K. lactis cells are not able to use acetamide as a nitrogen source. The pKLAC1 vector, however, contains the Aspergillus nidulans gene acetamidase (amdS) that allows only transformants to grow on plates with acetamide as the sole nitrogen source (Read 2007).
Selected colonies were transferred to both liquid and agar-based synthetic media with galactose to induce transcription and translation of the HNE gene to produce the eGFP-D4K-HNE fusion, and screened via fluorescence microscopy for production of eGFP. None of the screened colonies tested positive for the presence of the fusion protein.
2
Liu, Fang. "HARNESSING TRANSTHYRETIN TO ENHANCE THE IN VIVO HALF-LIFE OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2)." Scholarly Commons, 2021. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3764.
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Protein therapeutics are available as cytokines, clotting factors, enzymes, hormones, growth factors, antibodies et al. They have been shown to be effective in treating a variety of important human diseases. Since human insulin was approved as the first recombinant protein therapeutic, this field has experienced rapid growth. One of the biggest challenges for protein therapeutics in clinical application is their short half-life. Except for monoclonal antibodies, which have serum half-life for weeks, most of the protein therapeutics have half-lives ranging from minutes to hours. Kidney filtration, proteasome degradation and liver metabolism are the main factors that attribute to their short half-lives. The short half-life of protein therapeutics requires a higher dose or frequent application to maintain therapeutic concentration over a certain period. However, higher dose is easy to cause large plasma concentration fluctuation, which is easy to cause side effects. Most of protein therapeutics are not orally bioavailable. Frequent application will increase the burden of patients, affect their life quality, and reduce patient compliance. Thus, it is important to generate long-lasting therapeutics with improved pharmacokinetic properties. The current half-life extension approaches for protein therapeutics include PEGylation, albumin fusion or binding and fusion to an immunoglobulin Fc region. Their primary aim is to increase the size of biotherapeutics or to implement recycling by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). However, the half-life extension by PEGylation, albumin fusion or Fc fusion is at the cost of binding affinity reduction. And the increase of size has limited their application in the field of anticancer agents where tumor penetration is required. Noncovalent albumin binding using albumin binding ligands such as fatty acids could maintain the small size and binding affinity. However, it would increase hydrophobicity, therefore is not suitable for protein therapeutics with low solubility. Here, we present a new approach for half-life extension for biotherapeutics. Human interleukin 2 (IL-2), a low solubility cytokine, was used as a model protein. By conjugating IL-2 with a hydrophilic small molecule that binds reversibly to the serum protein transthyretin, we enhanced its circulation half-life in rodents while maintained its in vitro bioactivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a successful approach that harnesses a small molecule in extending the circulation half-life of a protein while at the same time maintains the small size and hydrophilicity.
3
Maliňáková, Kamila. "Život 2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240530.
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Diploma thesis called Life 2 is a „representation“of common situations, stories of everyday life, which essence is not entirely clear on the first view. It used to be common that the appearance of our life is not consistent with the reality. Sometimes it differs dramatically. Life 2 represents this reality, truth, which is often hidden. Disertation studie is installation, which combines painting on canvas and gingerbread stage.
4
James, Laurence A. "The meaningfulness of life." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342734071&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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5
Cakiroglu, Aylin. "Relationship Between Quality Of Life And Happiness In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608392/index.pdf.
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This study aimed to reveal the relationship between quality of life and happiness in a comparative manner, to underline the importance of happiness and enable researchers to familiarize themselves with happiness in the sociological context of Turkey.
Quality of life and happiness, which are multidimensional and interdisciplinary concepts, were firstly identified by looking at their treatment in different approaches. Then, they were analyzed by relating them to different variables in the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) data which allows for making comparisons among European Union countries and Turkey.
Our study is limited to four countries, namely Bulgaria, Denmark, Hungary and Turkey that were selected on the basis of two criteriatheir average of happiness score and their membership status in the European Union. On the other hand, the independent variables of the study are &ldquo
having&rdquo
(material living conditions), &ldquo
loving&rdquo
(social relations), &ldquo
being&rdquo
(quality of society), &ldquo
time pressure&rdquo
(work-life balance), &ldquo
alienation&rdquo
, &ldquo
environment&rdquo
, internet using, health and socio-demographic variables namely gender, age, region, employment status and educational level. Consequently, improving quality of life resulted in happiness. In other words, the main aim of improving quality of life is to supply, improve and increase happiness.
6
Zettlin, Anna, and Anneli Enberg. "Livskvalitet hos patienter med Diabetes typ 2 : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-556.
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe how quality of life is experienced among patients with diabetes type 2. Literature search was made in Medline and the keywords used were “diabetes mellitus type 2” and “quality of life”. Twenty studies were examined and categorized into four sections: Quality of life during complications due to diabetes type 2, quality of life during various treatments, quality of life during depression and quality of life and aspects in relation to the individual as well as social aspects. The designs of the studies were of a varying kind: randomized controlled studies, comparative studies, correlative studies and descriptive studies. The studies were published between the years of 2003-2007 and most frequently occurring were questionnaires. Validity and reliability of the instruments used in the studies were examined and valued. The number of participants in the samples varied between 49-5145 persons. The results showed that diabetes type 2-complications had a negative impact on quality of life, although different treatments and self-care support had the opposite effect. Other aspects of importance to quality of life were the support of family and relatives, age, sex, education, physical function, civil status and personal background.
7
Rodrigues, Tiago André Moura. "Current options in breast cancer targeted therapies: life after HER-2." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53412.
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8
Rodrigues, Tiago André Moura. "Current options in breast cancer targeted therapies: life after HER-2." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53412.
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9
Ozsoy, Serhan. "Vibration Induced Stress And Accelerated Life Analyses Of An Aerospace Structure." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606966/index.pdf.
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Fatigue failure of metallic structures operating under dynamic loading is a
common occurrence in engineering applications. It is difficult to estimate the
response of complicated systems analytically, due to structure’
s dynamic characteristics and varying loadings. Therefore, experimental, numerical or a combination of both methods are used for fatigue evaluations. Fatigue failure can occur on systems and platforms as well as components to be mounted on the platform. In this thesis, a helicopter&
#8217
s Missile Warning Sensor - Cowling assembly is analyzed. Analytical, numerical and experimental approaches are used wherever necessary to perform stress and fatigue analyses. Operational flight tests are used for obtaining the loading history at the analyzed location by using sensors. Operational vibration profiles are created by synthesizing the data (LMS Mission Synthesis). Numerical fatigue analysis of the assembly is done for determining the natural modes and the critical locations on the assembly by using a finite element model (MSC Fatigue). In addition, numerical multiaxial PSD analysis is performed for relating the experimental results (Ansys). Residual stresses due to riveting are determined (MSC Marc) and included in experimental analysis as mean stresses. Bolt analysis is performed analytically (Hexagon) for keeping the v assembly stresses in safe levels while mounting the experimental prototype to the test fixture. Fatigue tests for determining the accelerated life parameters are done by an electromagnetic shaker and stress data is collected. Afterwards, fatigue test is performed for determining whether the assembly satisfies the required operational life. Resonance test is performed at the frequency in which the critical location is at resonance, since there was no failure observed after fatigue testing. A failure is obtained during resonance test. At the end of the study, an analytical equation is brought up which relates accelerated life test durations with equivalent alternating stresses. Therefore, optimization of the accelerated life test duration can be done, especially in military applications, by avoiding the maximum stress level to reach or exceed the yield limit.
10
Bingol, Ebru. "A Quality Of Life Perspective To Urban Green Spaces Of Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608028/index.pdf.
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Urban green spaces are one of the layers of urban pattern. The urban environment is created through the complex relationships between natural, social, economic, and politic dynamics. Similar to the urban environment, as a produced landscape, characteristics of urban green spaces vary according to the social, economic, cultural and ecological context of urban society.
In the last few decades, the &ldquoquality of urban life target&rdquo
included in the sustainability approach, has became an important touchstone to increase the quality of urban environment in today&rsquo
s world
with its tendencies of covering of perpetual subjective values and in addition to objective conditions to identify &ldquo
individual&rsquo
s satisfaction&rdquo
as a target the by, of keeping its evaluation scope broad and holistic, and of deriving supporting the daily life practices which derive from participatory processes. Among the quality of life perspective, urban green spaces are interpretated in a holistic and broad framework in boundaries of their contributions to the inhabitants&rsquo
well-being through their physical, social, economic and ecological links with life in a broad scale spectrum ranging from individual level to city scale. In today&rsquo
s urban environment, Ankara&rsquo
s urban green spaces are planned by the responsible agents within a narrow framework
separated from urban and urban life, lacked of this multi-scale and multi-dimensional perspective, stucked in the sectoral targets of institutions. At this point, the study identifies the priorities and conditions to re-establish a well-functioned planning process for the green spaces of Ankara with a particular attention to quality of life.
11
Cloutier, Ardis. "The quality of life in Mark 2:1-12 and 5:25-34 and of persons on life-support systems." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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12
Tofiq, Yasin Shehla, and Carina Reischl. "Livskvalitet hos äldre med diabetes typ 2 : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11807.
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Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur livskvaliteten upplevs hos äldre personer över 65 år med diabetes typ 2. Metoden var en beskrivande litteraturstudie. Totalt granskades 14 artiklar. Datasökningen genomfördes i Pub Med och sökorden som användes var type 2 diabetes, quality of life, health-related quality of life och HRQoL. Tre områden identifierades: fysisk, psykisk och social påverkan på livskvaliteten. Resultatet i föreliggande litteraturstudie visade att ju fler komplikationer i kombination med sin diabetes den äldre personen har, desto sämre upplevs livskvaliteten. Insulinbehandling visade sig påverka äldre personer med diabetes typ 2 och deras livskvalitet negativt, däremot visade studier att om den äldre personen själv får sköta sina insulininjektioner samt blodsockerkontroller påverkas livskvaliteten positivt. Föreliggande litteraturstudies resultat visade även att personer som får undervisning om sin diabetes och sin egenvård upplever en högre livskvalitet. Andra faktorer som påverkade upplevd livskvalitet var sociodemografiska faktorer som kön, ålder, utbildning och inkomst. Slutsatsen av denna litteraturstudie är att information och utbildning till personer med diabetes typ 2, gällande sjukdomen och dess komplikationer, leder till att de upplever högre livskvalitet.The aim of this study was to examine how quality of life was experienced by older people over the age of 65 with diabetes type 2. The method was a descriptive literature review. In total, 14 articles were reviewed. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and keywords used was type 2 diabetes, quality of life, health-related quality of life and the short form HRQoL.Three main categories were identified: physical, psychological and social impact on the quality of life. The result of this literature study showed that the more complications in combination with their diabetes the older person has, the worse the perceived health-related quality of life. Insulin treatment was found to affect older people with type 2 diabetes and their quality of life negatively, however, studies showed that if the older person can manage their insulin injections and their blood sugar monitoring affected the quality of life positively.The present literature study also showed that people who receive education about their diabetes and their self-care experience a higher quality of life. Other factors that affect the quality of life are the socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, education and income. The conclusion from this literature study shows that information and education to people with diabetes type 2, regarding the disease and its complications affects the quality of life positively.
13
McLean, Jocelyn Margaret. "Recovery following pneumonectomy: patients initial 2 year experience." University of Sydney. Clinical, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/563.
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Little is known about the recovery of patients after pneumonectomy and the impact of the surgery on the lifestyle of young, employed, ex-smokers and their families. This study was conducted to address this knowledge deficit, and gather information that would help health professionals to be able to assist people facing pneumonectomy. A qualitative study using van Manens methodological approach to interpretive phenomenology was chosen, in order to capture a full and rich understanding and meaning of the phenomenon that patients live. The names, age, operation, histological cell type, stage of disease, and disease free status of potential participants were obtained from a Lung Cancer Surgical Database after obtaining ethical approval for the study. Nine participants (three females and six males) met the inclusion criteria and gave informed consent for the study. Data collection comprised of open-ended interviews that were audiotaped, then transcribed verbatim into hard data. Data interpretation was based on the selective reading approach of van Manen from which six thematic statements arose. These are living the discomforts of treatment and recovery, discovering new limitations on myself; functional and emotional, my reliance on support, my financial security is threatened, my survival is at threat, and I wish I had known more. The study found that each participant had a unique experience of recovery and consequently the degree of recovery attained varied between participants. They all had a very strong desire to survive lung cancer and considered the risks of major surgery and loosing a lung to be insignificant compared to the certainty of loosing their life if they did not undergo surgery. This study provided a glimpse of what it was like for a group of patients to live the experience of life after a pneumonectomy and it provides a basis from which nurses can explore further the experiences of patients who are subjected to lung cancer surgery.
14
Leigey, Margaret E. "Life while serving life examining the correctional experiences of older inmates serving a life without parole sentence /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 439 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397904001&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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15
Gozutok, Tanzer. "Life Assessment Of A Stationary Jet Engine Component With A Three-dimensional Structural Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12604894/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, fatigue life of a stationary component of F110-GE-100 jet engine is assessed. Three-dimensional finite element model of the component itself and the neighboring components are modeled by using a finite element package program, ANSYS, in order to perform thermal, stress and fracture mechanics analyses. Coupled-field (thermal-stress) analysis is performed to identify fracture-critical locations and to describe the stress histories of the components. After determining the critical location, fracture mechanics calculations are performed by modeling a crack of various lengths at the critical locations with FRANC3D in order to calculate mode I and II stress intensity factors and geometry factors beta. Combining the outputs of coupled-field and fracture mechanics analyses, fatigue lives and creep rupture times are calculated with a crack growth life prediction program, AFGROW. A linear damage summation method is used to assess the fatigue life of the component of interest.
16
Puckett, Jillian M. "CLIENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF SPIRITUALITY IN COUPLE’S THERAPY: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/2.
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While spirituality has been an increasingly researched topic within the field of marriage and family therapy, it has been largely overlooked within the context of couple’s therapy. The goal of the present study is to enhance the understanding of the role of spirituality in therapy by describing clients’ experiences of spirituality in couple’s therapy. The study utilized a phenomenological approach to come to a better understanding of the essence of clients’ experiences of spirituality in couple’s therapy. Semi-structured interviews with couples enrolled in couple’s therapy were conducted and analyzed. Four major themes emerged: spiritual experiences in couple’s therapy, perception of spirituality, spirituality as beneficial, and spirituality as a journey. Implications for clinicians and recommendations for future research are discussed.
17
Drong, Alexander Werner. "Comprehensive assessment of the role of DNA methylation in obesity and type 2 diabetes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2df87d9-9929-4eb1-8c44-61452b88ea3c.
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Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major risk factors for cardiovascular and other diseases and are currently undergoing an increase in global prevalence. The work presented in my thesis addresses the role epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation, plays in the susceptibility to obesity and T2D and deals with methodological issues in the analysis of DNA methylation data. I first combined epigenome-wide DNA methylation data across 38 adipose tissue samples with corresponding SNP and mRNA data for the same subjects. At 5% false discovery rate (FDR), methylation of 149 regions associated with at least one cis-SNP. When 19 of the 149 regions were tested for association in an additional 181 independent samples, five regions replicated. These results indicate a genetic influence on DNA methylation in adipose tissue. I then analysed 90 epigenome-wide methylation samples taken from 15 South Asian controls and 30 T2D cases participating in the LOLIPOP study at two time points ∼7 years apart. I found global differences at both follow-up and baseline between the normal glucose tolerant and T2D groups, as well as strong differences with aging. I further used the main EpiMigrant data from 2,687 individuals, with 36 samples measured in duplicate to assess approaches to quality control, data normalisation and batch correction through control probe adjustment. A null hypothesis for epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) by permutation testing and I investigated the effects of correlation between individual methylation markers. Using the developed methods, I carried out an EWAS of body mass index (BMI) with subsequent meta-analysis amongst 10,261 individuals of European and South Asian ancestry. DNA methylation markers at 187 genetic loci were associated with BMI. Mendelian randomisation experiments suggested that association of DNA methylation with BMI is the consequence of BMI. Lastly, I tested haplotypes of 85 SNPs currently known to be associated with T2D and 118 SNPs associated with obesity traits for an enrichment of CpG creating or abrogating SNPs and found that 9 T2D and 23 obesity SNPs showed a significant difference in CpG count between the SNP alleles as established by permutation testing. Amongst these is FTO, a locus which has been previously been shown to have a haplotype-specific methylation effect. My work provides novel insights into the role of DNA methylation in metabolic diseases. The methods that I developed to robustly detect association are flexible and scalable and will further be useful for larger, future EWAS.
18
Pullen, Paula Rei. "The Benefits of Yoga Therapy for Heart Failure Patients." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/kin_health_diss/2.
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ABSTRACT The Benefits of Yoga Therapy for Heart Failure Patients by Paula R. Pullen STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The number of patients living with heart failure (HF) is on the rise. Yoga has been found to improve physical and psychological parameters amongst healthy individuals. The effects of yoga on HF patients are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga on cardio-vascular endurance [functional capacity (FC)], flexibility, inflammatory markers, and quality of life (QoL) on medically stable HF patients. METHOD Forty HF patients with compensated systolic or diastolic HF participated in the study. A randomized control design created two groups, yoga (N=21). and control (N=19).The treatment intervention consisted of 16-yoga sessions conducted bi-weekly (YG) vs. standard medical care (control- CG) for two months. All participants were asked to follow a home walk program. Pre- and post-study measurements included a treadmill stress test to peak exertion, flexibility (FLEX), girth, interleukin-6 (IL-6), c- reactive protein (CRP), and extra-cellular dismutase (EC-SOD). Quality of life was assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLwHFQ). RESULTS Forty patients were randomized to YG (N=21) or CG (N=19). The results were significant for favorable changes in the YG as compared to the CG for flexibility (P=0.012), treadmill time (P=0.002), ~VO2peak (P=0.003), and all biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, and EC-SOD) of inflammation. Within the YG, pre- to post- test scores for the total and physical sub- scale of the MLwHFQ were significant (P=0.02 and P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Yoga therapy offered additional benefits to the standard medical care of HF patients by improving QoL, exercise capacity, FLEX, and biomarkers of inflammation
19
BELEM, DOALDO FERREIRA. "FROM WORD SETS FORTH LIFE AND DEATH: EXEGETICAL STUDY ON 2 KINGS 2,19-25." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36833@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
O presente trabalho analisa, na perícope de 2 Rs 2,19-25, o tema do poder paradigmático em dar vida e tirá-la, abençoar e amaldiçoar, no ministério de Eliseu. Não somente busca evidenciar a função desta perícope como uma unidade, mas também como introdução a todo o ciclo de Eliseu, o qual lidou no seu ministério com o poder de abençoar os obedientes e que respeitam o profeta como genuíno representante de YHWH, e o poder de amaldiçoar aqueles que se lhe opõem. Utilizando o Método Histórico-Crítico e a Análise Narrativa, será evidenciada em 2 Rs 2,19-25 uma mesma trama em dois episódios, servindo de conclusão da seção que engloba todo o conjunto de 2 Rs 2 numa trama unificada. Eliseu é o herói dessa narrativa, o qual tem como objetivo enquanto discípulo tornar-se mestre, o sucessor de Elias. E as simetrias entre 2 Rs 1 e 2 Rs 2 fazem de 2 Rs 1 - 2 a narrativa de sucessão profética de Eliseu moldada à sucessão mosaica.
This actual essay analyzes in the pericope of 2 Kings 2,19-25 the theme of the paradigmatic power in giving life and to pulling it out, to bless and to curse in the Elisha s office. It not only seeks to highlight the role of this pericope as a unit, but also as an introduction to the whole of the Elisha s Cycle, which in his office dealt with the power to bless the obedients and those who respect the prophet as YHWH s genuine representative, and with the power to curse those who oppose the prophet. By using the Historical-Critical Method and the Narrative Analysis, it will be highlighted in 2 Kings 2,19-25 a same plot in two episodes, which serves as conclusion of the section that includes the whole of 2 Kings 2 in an unified plot. Elisha is the hero of this narrative, whose aim as disciple is to become master, the successor of Elijah. And the symmetries between 2 Kings 1 and 2 Kings 2 make 2 Kings 1 - 2 the narrative of Elisha’s prophetic succession molded as mosaic succession.
20
Malavasic, Jolene Therese. "A life within a life": adolescents' perspectives on friendship and literacy /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375513911&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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21
Liu, Lincoln. "Intergenerational effects of early life programming : the role of glucocorticoids and maternal obesity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9818.
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Hypertension and type two diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) are serious chronic illnesses that impact on the lives of millions of people around the world. Various epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between early life events such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight and the development of these chronic illnesses in adult life. To explain the link between these two events, it has been suggested that an ‘insult’ at a critical time point of development can ‘program’ alterations in gene expression, organ size, and cell number. This has been termed “the early life origins of disease’. There is also evidence that these programmed effects are not limited to the first generation but can also be passed to subsequent generations. With changes in lifestyle in modern society, the prevalence of obesity is increasing, in association with problems such as type 2 DM, hypertension, fatty liver, atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity during pregnancy is linked to problems such as gestational diabetes, hypertension and early miscarriage as well as a higher risk of congenital malformations. Maternal obesity has also been recognised as one of the factors capable of ‘programming’ the offspring, increasing the risk of childhood and adult disorders such as obesity and hypertension. In this thesis I have used two animal models to explore the underlying mechanisms of programming and its intergenerational effects: i) a rat model of prenatal glucocorticoid over-exposure (the dexamethasone-programmed rat) and ii) a mouse model of obesity during pregnancy. Using the dexamethasone-programmed rat, I have shown that prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure reduces fetal and placental weight in the first generation (F1) offspring, in association with alterations in gene expression in placenta and liver. In addition, I have shown effects on fetal and placental weights and gene expression in the second generation (F2) offspring. The observed changes in gene expression in the F2 offspring differ from those in the first generation. Thus, although effects on fetal growth are seen in both generations, the underlying mechanisms appear to be different. We also observed marked parent of origin effects on fetal and placental growth and gene expression in the second generation. In the mouse model of maternal obesity, birth weight was decreased in the F1 offspring. At weaning, the offspring of obese mothers were heavier than controls, however this difference in weight was not persistent. At three months of age, F1 female offspring of obese mothers showed altered expression of hepatic genes important in lipid regulation and metabolism. More striking changes were seen in the F2 generation in which there was an effect of paternal exposure to maternal obesity to decrease birth weight. There were also parent of origin effects on organ weights and insulin levels at six months of age. These results provide evidence for the transmission of programming effects to a second generation in two different programming models and suggest that the mechanisms leading to these effects differ between generations.
22
Tazebay, Burcu. "The Role Of Television In Rural Women." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606892/index.pdf.
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This study aims to examine the role of television in rural women&rsquos everyday life experiences in terms of information, socialization, identification and entertainment. The focus is on rural women&rsquo
s experiences with a feminist perspective conducting an ethnographic study using the methods of in-depth-interviews, survey, participant observation and group discussions in Topakli village. The findings of the study is the role of television as an information source for rural women and it&rsquo
s role on rural women&rsquo
s socialization process.
23
Norén, Viktoria, and Josefin Waage. "Egenvård och livskvalitet för patienter med diabetes typ 2." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154047.
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Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur patienter med diabetes typ 2 utförde sin egenvård och hur de upplevde sin livskvalitet utifrån utförda egenvårdsåtgärder. Metod: Detta arbete var en explorativ studie och utformad efter en kvalitativ metod. Datainsamlingen genomfördes på en vårdcentral där nio patienter med diabetes typ 2 intervjuades. Patienterna fick själva avgöra deltagande genom att kontakta vårdcentralen. Data strukturerades med en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i fyra kategorier vilka var upplevelse av egenvård, upplevelse av livskvalitet, egenvårdsåtgärder och livskvalitet samt diabetes typ 2 och livskvalitet. De utförda egenvårdsåtgärderna var främst kost och fysisk aktivitet men även fotvård, synundersökningar, stresshantering, blodsockermätning, hålla en konstant vikt och undvika visceralt fett samt vara uppdaterad inom diabetes typ 2. Majoriteten av informanterna upplevde att deras livskvalitet inte påverkades negativt av egenvårdsåtgärderna. En minoritet kände en viss påfrestning av att behöva ha dessa egenvårdsåtgärder i åtanke. Det framgick även att enstaka upplevde bättre livskvalitet relaterat till sjukdomen. Slutsats: Diabetes typ 2 är en folksjukdom vilken kommer att öka nationellt och internationellt. De vanligaste egenvårdsåtgärderna en patient med diabetes utför är fysisk aktivitet och kost. Sammanfattningsvis upplevdes egenvårdsåtgärder inte påverka patienternas livskvalitet. Däremot upplevde enstaka patienter en viss påfrestning gällande utförandet av egenvårdsåtgärder.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how patients with diabetes type 2 performed their self-management and how they experienced their quality of life related to the fulfilled self-management. Method: This study was an explorative study composed after a qualitative method. The data were gathered at a care center with interviews and remained of nine patients who had diabetes type 2. The patients decided participation by contacting the care center. The data were processed with a content analysis. Result: The study was classified in four categories; experience of self-management, experience of quality of life, intervention of self-management with quality of life and diabetes type 2 with quality of life. The most common interventions were diet and physical activity, also care of the feet, vision screening, stress management, measure the blood glucose, not gain any more weight or avoid visceral fat and to be updated within the subject. The majority of the informants perceived that their quality of life not was affected adversely by the interventions. Some felt distress having to think about all the essential interventions. It also appeared that some informants experienced a better quality of life related to the disease. Conclusion: Diabetes type 2 is a widespread disease which will increase all over the world. The most common and most important interventions of self-management is diet and physical activity. In summary the interventions did not influence on the patients quality of life. However, some patients experienced tension to do the interventions of self-management.
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Bakos, Stephen. "The Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and -2 in Olfactory Injury and Recovery." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/143.
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The olfactory system has the remarkable capacity for neurogenesis following injury. However, the molecular mechanisms important for reinnervation of the olfactory bulb (OB) remain unknown. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important components in many central nervous system (CNS) injury paradigms, yet remain unexplored in olfactory injury and recovery. To address the role of MMPs, the temporal expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were examined in 3 olfactory injury models: nerve transection (NTx), methyl bromide gas (MeBr) exposure, and nerve transection with Teflon barrier (NTx-TB). Each injury model represents a different degree of olfactory injury and neuronal recovery. In NTx, sensory axons are lesioned, leading to neuronal degeneration and subsequent reinnervation of the OB. MeBr exposure damages the cell bodies of sensory neurons in the peripheral olfactory epithelium (OE), leading to degeneration and reinnervation of the OB without direct trauma to the OB. In NTx-TB, sensory axons are lesioned and a barrier is inserted following injury that blocks regenerated neurons from reinnervation of the OB. Following NTx, MMP-9 increased immediately in the OB and was localized to neutrophils, an inflammatory leukocyte. The elevated levels of MMP-9 corresponded to neuronal degeneration. To confirm this relationship, MMP-9 expression was measured following MeBr injury. MMP-9 increased during neuronal degeneration in the OB and was localized to neutrophils in the area of sensory axon degradation. These experiments demonstrated that MMP-9 is important for both neuronal degeneration and the acute inflammatory response following olfactory injury. In NTx injury, MMP-2 expression peaked at day 7 and corresponded to the transition between degeneration and reinnervation of the OB. MMP-2 was localized to the granule cell and external plexiform layers in control and day 7 bulbs. Following NTx-TB, MMP-2 remained low and was not expressed by regenerated axons. The absence of a MMP-2 peak in the NTx-TB injury suggests that this peak depends on reinnervation of the OB. This study demonstrates a temporal correlation between MMP-9 and degeneration and MMP-2 and reinnervation following olfactory injury. These findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory nerve injury. Modulation of MMPs could provide novel therapeutic interventions to improve neuronal recovery following injury.
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Lindholm, Maj-Lis. ""Samhälls- och arbetsliv" - hur gestaltas det i läromedel för SFI? : En undersökning av Mål 2 och Samspråk 2." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43467.
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This study examines how the themes of Swedish society- and working life are depicted in two textbooks for SFI, (Swedish For Immigrants); Mål 2 and Samspråk 2. Do the students receive a language that is useful for an active life in society and on the labour market through this educational material? Mål 2 and Samspråk 2 have been reviewed partly by a hermeneutic content analysis, partly via two interviews and two phenomenological surveys, targeted towards students, and towards teachers. The interviews of the two teachers show that Mål 2 is suitable for pupils at the C-level and at the beginning of the D-level and that Samspråk 2 prepares the students well for the national and final D-test. The content analysis shows that among the 193 pages of Mål 2, only about 20 deal with the theme of working life, while the societal themes are dealt with in about ten pages, but also occasionally woven into the text. The diversity in today's Swedish society does not appear in the text, writing tasks are not included in the textbook and the student is not fully challenged linguistically by the sentence structure in the fictional texts, though the nonfiction texts are more sufficiently challenging. Regarding Samspråk 2, the societal life permeates the text, while the work theme is treated in four chapters of six. The content is clearly inclusive in terms of diversity and the text is linguistically challenging, for some pupils perhaps even too challenging. The survey targeted towards the teachers regarding Mål 2 gave 57 % positive responses and thus 43 % negative responses. Regarding Samspråk 2 there were not enough responses, only three. Regarding the student responses on Mål 2, 79 % of the student responses were positive, while 87 % of the student responses regarding Samspråk 2 were positive.
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Smith, Brendan. "Life course socioeconomic position and type 2 diabetes: the experience of the Framingham Offspring Study." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66947.
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The global prevalence of diabetes has achieved epidemic proportions and is expected to continue to climb. Approximately 90-95% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes, a disease that disproportionally affects disadvantaged populations. To assess the associations of timing and duration of socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course on incidence of type 2 diabetes, we conducted a prospective analysis of 1,895 participants from the Framingham Offspring Study. We used three life course epidemiology frameworks to conceptualize SEP: accumulation of risk, sensitive periods and social mobility. We found that cumulative exposure to low SEP across the life course increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes in women and not men. In addition, adulthood may be a sensitive period where if exposed to low SEP (education and/or occupation), women have increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes.La prévalence du diabète à l'échelle planétaire atteint maintenant des proportions épidémiques. Environ 90-95% des cas de diabète sont de type 2 et cette maladie affecte de manière disproportionnée les populations défavorisées. Afin d'examiner l'association de facteurs biographiques reliés à la position socio-économique (PSE) et l'incidence du diabète de type 2, une étude prospective portant sur 1,895 participants de la 'Framingham Offspring Study' a été menée. Trois cadres conceptuels épidémiologiques ont été utilisés pour abstraire la PSE : l'accumulation du risque, les périodes critiques et la mobilité sociale. Les résultats démontrent que l'exposition cumulée à une basse PSE accroît le risque de développer un diabète de type 2 chez la femme mais non chez l'homme. De plus, l'âge adulte est une période critique chez la femme durant laquelle l'exposition a une basse PSE (éducation et/ou occupation) augmente le risque de développer un diabète de type 2.
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Cripps, Roselle Louise. "The role of early life nutrition in programming of energy balance and type 2 diabetes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612864.
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Russell, Hannah. "The right to life under Article 2 of the ECHR in light of European conflicts." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677282.
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Article 2 of the ECHR in its current form is incomplete and outdated. This raises the question of whether Article 2 as it stands is enough to protect the right to life. Unjustified killings, by State actors and due to State omissions, are continuing in Europe making the words of 'never again' that inspired the birth of human rights and the ECHR appear disingenuous. With the belief that Article 2 is still relevant, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the right to life can be better protected within Europe. This thesis begins with the premise that, as a result of significant development at both a legislative and judicial level, the right to life spans far beyond what is enumerated within Article 2. It argues that the provision that gave birth to the standalone right to life is outdated. It advocates for its modernisation through the original contribution that developments should be codified in the form of guidelines, which will clarify the scope of the enumerated and unenumerated minimum standards set by Article 2. In taking a practical approach to the protection of life, this thesis also looks beyond legislation and considers what improvements can be made by the CoE bodies - the ECtHR, the CoM, the PACE and the CoE Commissioner for Human Rights - in encouraging adherence to Article 2 and promoting effective remedies to prevent future violations. This thesis adopts a thematic approach, which includes looking at: the duty to refrain from an unjustified killing; the duty to protect life; enforced disappearances; the duty to investigate suspicious deaths; the right to an effective remedy; and enforcement and impact. It uses the experience from four internal European conflicts - the Basque conflict, Chechen conflict, the Northern Ireland Troubles and the Turkish-Kurdish conflict - to illustrate its points.
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Filho, Antonio Carlos Gargioni. "The gingival treatment effect on quality of life related to oral health of type-2 diabetic patients." Universidade de Taubaté, 2015. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=805.
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Study Hypothesis: People with diabetes when submitted to gingival treatment may have different perceptions and have an impact on their quality of life. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of gingival treatment on quality of life related to oral health in type-2 diabetic patients (DM2). Methods: 150 patients were included in this study, 100 with gingivitis divided into two groups: diabetes (n=50) and control group (systemically healthy, n=50) in addition to a negative control group (systemically healthy and gingival health, n=50). The groups received professional treatment and oral hygiene instruction. Then the subjects were randomly divided into essential oils (Listerine total care, n=25) or placebo (n=25), six randomized groups total. To assess the impact of the Quality of Life Factor - QoL (OHQoL-UK questionnaire) and its interaction with DM (diabetic or non-diabetic), with treatment (essential oils or placebo) and with time bases (baseline and three months) in clinical factors (plaque and gingival indexes - PI, GI and probing depth - PD), microbiological factors (Porphyromonas gingivalis - Pg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - Aa, Tannerella forsythia - Tf and total bacterial load - TBL), immunological (interleukin 1β-IL-1β) and breath levels (volatile sulfur compound levels - VSC), we used multiple linear regression analysis. Comparative analyzes were performed intra-group (initial vs. final) and inter-group (in each experimental time) using the Bio Estat 5.0 and SPSS 14.0 software. Results: The value obtained in Cronbachs alpha test (0.971), the significance of the Bartletts test (p˂0,0001) and the value of 0.935 for KMO test indicated good agreement, correlation variables and adaptation of the size of the instruments sample that OHQoL was shown to be latent when subjected to factor analysis. The Multiple Linear Regression Analysis detected impact between QoL and treatment in GI (p=0.03) between the QoL and TBL (p=0.03) and between QoL and treatment in VSC (p=0.011). Conclusion: Participants with diabetes and gum disease who reported improvement in quality of life tend to have better periodontal health and breath indicators, especially when a daily rinse with essential oils mouthrinse is executed.Hipótese do estudo: Indivíduos com diabetes quando submetidos ao tratamento gengival podem apresentar diferentes percepções e gerar impacto sobre sua qualidade de vida. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou o efeito do tratamento gengival sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de indivíduos diabéticos (DM). Metodologia: Foram incluídos no presente estudo 150 indivíduos, sendo cem com gengivite divididos em dois grupos: diabetes (n=50) e Controle (sistemicamente saudável, n=50) em adição a um grupo controle negativo (sistemicamente saudável e com saúde gengival, n=50). Os grupos receberam profilaxia profissional e instrução de higiene bucal. Em seguida os indivíduos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em óleos essenciais OE (Listerine cuidado total, n=25) ou placebo (n=25), totalizando seis grupos aleatorizados. Para avaliar o impacto do Fator de Qualidade de Vida - FQV (questionário OHQoL-UK), bem como sua interação com DM (diabético ou não diabético), com tratamento (óleos essenciais ou placebo) e com o tempo (baseline e três meses), nos fatores clínicos (índices de placa e gengival IP, IG e profundidade de sondagem PS), microbiológicos (Porphyromonas gingivalis - Pg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - Aa, Tannerella forsythia - Tf e carga bacteriana total - CBT), imunológicos (interleucina 1β IL-1β) e halitométricos (níveis de compostos sulforados voláteis CSV), foram utilizados modelos de Regressão Linear Múltipla. Análises comparativas foram realizadas intra-grupo (inicial vs. final) e inter-grupos (em cada tempo experimental) com auxílio do software Bio Estat 5.0 e SPSS 14.0. Resultados: O valor obtido em Alpha de Cronbach (0,971), a significância do teste de Bartlett (p˂0,0001) e o valor de 0,935 para o teste KMO indicaram boa consistência, correlação de variáveis e adequação do tamanho da amostra do instrumento OHQoL que foi demonstrado estar latente quando submetido a uma análise fatorial. O Modelo de Regressão Linear Múltipla detectou impacto entre o FQV e o tratamento em IG (p=0,03), entre o FQV e CBT (p=0,03) e entre FQV e tratamento com OE em CSV (p=0,011). Conclusão: Participantes com diabetes e gengivite que relataram melhora na qualidade de vida tendem a apresentar melhores indicadores de saúde periodontal e hálito, principalmente quando fizeram uso diário de solução à base de óleos essenciais.
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Youssefian, Leena. "THE SMALL MOLECULE BCL-2 INHIBITOR HA14-1 POTENTIATES THE LETHALITY OF A REGIMEN COMBINING MEK1/2 AND CHK1 INHIBITORS IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELLS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1799.
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Previously, we have found that the co-administration of MEK1/2 inhibitors and Chk1 inhibitors synergistically induce multiple myeloma cell apoptosis through upregulation of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein Bim. However, these apoptotic events were largely blocked by the characteristic over-expression of Bcl-2 of Bcl-xL in multiple myeloma cells. HA14-1, a small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, may therefore circumvent this resistance to apoptosis by blocking Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein actions. In our project, we hypothesize that the co-administration of HA14-1 with MEK/Chk1 inhibitors will enhance apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. To test this hypothesis, we exposed MM cells U266 and RPMI8226, or those cells with Bcl-2 over-expressing stable clones to minimally toxic concentrations of MEK1/2 inhibitor (PD184352) with Chk1 inhibitor (CEP3891) for 24 hours, followed by the Bcl-2 inhibitor (HA14-1). To date, our data indicates that co-administration of HA14-1 with the PD184352/CEP3891 regimen significantly enhances apoptotic death in U266/Bcl-2 multiple myeloma cells compared with the PD184352/CEP3891 regimen. Future studies are designed to elucidate mechanisms underlying Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein interactions with the Bak and Bim apoptotic proteins, focusing release of Bak and Bim from Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, and subsequent Bax/Bak activation.
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Saloniki, Eirini-Christina, Juliette Malley, Peter Burge, Hui Lu, Laurie Batchelder, Ismo Linnosmaa, Birgit Trukeschitz, and Julien Forder. "Comparing internet and face-to-face surveys as methods for eliciting preferences for social care-related quality of life: evidence from England using the ASCOT service user measure." Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02172-2.
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Purpose Traditionally, researchers have relied on eliciting preferences through face-to-face interviews. Recently, there has
been a shift towards using internet-based methods. Different methods of data collection may be a source of variation in the
results. In this study, we compare the preferences for the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT) service user measure
elicited using best-worst scaling (BWS) via a face-to-face interview and an online survey.
Methods Data were collected from a representative sample of the general population in England. The respondents (face-toface:
n = 500; online: n = 1001) completed a survey, which included the BWS experiment involving the ASCOT measure.
Each respondent received eight best-worst scenarios and made four choices (best, second best, worst, second worst) in each
scenario. Multinomial logit regressions were undertaken to analyse the data taking into account differences in the characteristics
of the two samples and the repeated nature of the data.
Results We initially found a number of small significant differences in preferences between the two methods across all
ASCOT domains. These differences were substantially reduced-from 15 to 5 out of 30 coefficients being different at the
5% Level-and remained small in value after controlling for differences in observable and unobservable characteristics of
the two samples.
Conclusions This comparison demonstrates that face-to-face and internet surveys may lead to fairly similar preferences for
social care-related quality of life when differences in sample characteristics are controlled for. With or without a constant
sampling frame, studies should carefully design the BWS exercise and provide similar levels of clarification to participants
in each survey to minimise the amount of error variance in the choice process.
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Ademi, Gzim. "Det nya livet för patienten : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt om patientens upplevelser av diabetes typ 2." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18427.
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Bakgrund: Sjukdomen diabetes typ 2 är en kronisk sjukdom som ständigt ökar runt om i världen. Sjukdomen medför ett lidande för patienten, vilket leder till att livskvaliteten försämras. Därför är egenvård viktigt för att patienterna inte ska besväras av komplikationerna. Syftet: Beskriva patientens upplevelser att leva med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på 12 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Består av tre teman; påfrestningar att leva med diabetes, ansvar för sin livsstilsförändring och stöd från omgivningen. Dessa tre teman bilda sex subteman; livskvaliteten försämras, det skapar oro, en ständig kamp att förändra kosten, viljan att kunna röra sig, stöd från närstående och stöd från vården. Resultatet visar på en ständig kamp för patienten att hantera diabetes typ 2, då det skapar oro och rädsla över komplikationerna som diabetes kan leda till. Det visar också hur påfrestande det är med nya livsstilsförändringar när det gäller kost och fysisk aktivitet. Närstående och vården har en betydande roll när det gäller stöd till patienterna. Slutsats: Visar hur viktigt det är att patienter får stöd både från vården och närstående för att öka motivationen till att ändra sina livsstilsförändringar och minska riskerna för komplikationer.Background: The type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that is increasing around the world. The disease causes a suffering, which leads to deterioration in health. Self-care is important so that patients are not bothered by the complications. Aim: Patient's experiences of living with type 2 diabetes. Method: A literature review was used, in which 12 qualitative articles were selected. Results: Consists of three themes; stress of living with diabetes, responsibility for lifestyle changes and support from the surrounding area. These three themes form six subthemes; the quality of life deteriorates, it creates concern, a struggle to change the diet, the will to exercise, support from relatives and health care. The results show that they create a constant struggle for the patient to manage diabetes, as it creates anxiety over the complications that diabetes can cause. It also shows how stressful it is with new lifestyle changes in terms of diet and physical activity. Relatives and care have a significant role to play in supporting patients. Conclusion: Shows how important it is for patients to receive support from both health care and their relatives in order to motivate them to change their lifestyle changes and reduce the risk of complications.
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Kucukyilmaz, Ali. "Experimental Investigation Of Residual Stresses Introduced Via Shot Peening And Their Effect On Fatigue Life Of Ball Bearings." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611494/index.pdf.
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In this study, residual stresses introduced via application of shot peening on the raceways of bearing rings and their effect on the fatigue life was investigated experimentally. For improvement of residual compressive stress state, shot peening operation with different parameters was utilized. Residual stress measurements were conducted via X-ray diffraction technique. Optimization of residual stress state during the production of ball bearings is the main target of this study. Process parameters for shot peening and super-finishing were studied for determination of the parameters that induce the most favorable residual stress state. The fatigue life of ball bearings were determined by life cycle tests and tabulated to show the results of the study. The results of the thesis are believed to help for optimization of residual stress distribution and improvement of service life of ball bearings.
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Zayer, Adam. "Cellular models for characterisation of MINA53, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebd1dfcd-0c8e-4c87-9644-8ddfd9208456.
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2-0xoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (ZOG Oxygenases) are a relatively poorly characterised enzyme family that hydroxylate biological macromolecules to regulate a variety of essential cellular processes in mammals, including; chromatin remodeling, extra-cellular matrix formation and oxygen sensing. The work in this th esis focuses on a ZOG Oxygenase termed Myc-Induced Nuclear Antigen (MINAS3). This enzyme has been implicated in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation, and observed overexpressed in several tumour types, yet the identity afits substrate(s) and their role in cancer is unknown. The aims of the resea rch that has resulted in this thesis were to; (i) develop a cell model of MINAS3 enzyme activity, (ii) apply this model to study the role of MINAS3 activity in cell transformation and cancer, and (iii) discover novel cellular processes regulated by MINA53 activity. As such, I have created an isogenic cell model consisting of K-Ras-transformed MINAS3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) reconstituted with either wildtype or enzyme-inactive MINAS3. Using this model I have shown that MINAS3 activity maintains normal levels of the large ribosomal subunit (60S), and suppresses anchorage-independent growth, autophagy and gene expression. These observations suggest the existence and involvement of one or more substrates. Indeed, proteomic and biochemical analyses in collaboration with the Schofield laboratory (Chemistry, Oxford) confirmed the identity of a MINA53 substrate, the 60S ribosomal protein Rp127a. Together we have shown that Rpl27a is abundantly hydroxylated, and that MINA53 is a histidinyJ hydroxylase; this represents the first discovery of a ribosomal oxygenase. The model developed here did not support a positive role for MINA53 in the transformation of MEFs. Rather it suggested that MINA53 can suppress transformation in some contexts, This prompted a wider investigation that demonstrated underexpression of MINA53 in several tumour types, and the presence of inactivating mutations in breast. ovarian and colon cancer. This thesis provides data supporting further research to understand the role of Rpl27a hydroxylation in the regulation of 60S biogenesis, autophagy and cancer. 2
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Peters, Frederik, Wilma J. Nusselder, Nadine Reibling, Christian Wegner-Siegmundt, and Johan P. Mackenbach. "Quantifying the contribution of changes in healthcare expenditures and smoking to the reversal of the trend in life expectancy in the Netherlands." Springer Nature, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2357-2.
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Background: Since 2001 the Netherlands has shown a sharp upturn in life expectancy (LE) after a longer period of slower improvement. This study assessed whether changes in healthcare expenditure (HCE) explain this reversal in trends in LE. As an alternative explanation, the impact of changes in smoking behavior was also evaluated.
Methods: To quantify the contribution of changes in HCE to changes in LE, we estimated a health-production function using a dynamic panel regression approach with data on 19 OECD countries (1980-2009), accounting for temporal and spatial correlation. Smoking-attributable mortality was estimated using the indirect Peto-Lopez method.
Results: As compared to 1990-1999, during 2000-2009 LE in the Netherlands increased by 1.8 years in females and by 1.5 years in males. Whereas changes in the impact of smoking between the two periods made almost no contribution to the acceleration of the increase in LE, changes in the trend of HCE added 0.9 years to the LE increase between 2000 and 2009. The exceptional reversal in the trend of LE and HCE was not found among the other OECD countries.
Conclusion: This study suggests that changes in Dutch HCE, and not in smoking, made an important contribution to the reversal of the trend in LE; these findings support the view that investments in healthcare are increasingly important for further progress in life expectancy.
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Correll, Jennifer A. "Nicotine Sensitization in β-Arrestin 2 Knockout Adolescent Mice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2050.
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ß arrestin-2 is a protein involved in signaling of D2 receptors and plays a mediating role in sensitization to psychostimulants and the opiate morphine. In this study, 3-4 week old BA-2 KO and wild type C57/B6 mice received nicotine tartarate (s.c, 0.5 mg/kg free base) for 7 or 14 consecutive days followed by a drug-free period. An acute nicotine challenge followed the drugfree period. Results indicated that the absence of ß-arrestin-2 reduced sensitization to nicotine in Experiment 1. BA-2 KOs eventually demonstrated sensitization in Experiment 2. However, absence of ß-arrestin-2 blocked expression of sensitization on the challenge. After the challenge, brain tissue was removed and the nucleus accumbens was dissected and analyzed for brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results showed that BDNF positively correlated with behavioral results. These results appear to indicate the importance of the ß-arrestin-2 protein in locomotor sensitization and that dopamine signaling is related to BDNF.
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Ericsson, Göran. "Demographic and life history consequences of harvest in a Swedish moose population /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5631-2.pdf.
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Johansson, Emilia, and Anton Nilsson. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av patientutbildning inom diabetes typ 2." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26489.
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Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en kronisk sjukdom som blir allt vanligare i samhället. Under 2019 uppskattades 463 miljoner vuxna leva med diagnosen och antalet förväntas att stiga. Komplikationer av sjukdomen är många men de allvarligaste är hyperglykemi och kardiovaskulära förändringar. Vården utgörs till stor del av egenvårdsaktiviteter för att främja fysisk aktivitet, hälsosam vikt och rökstopp. Egenvård innebär ett partnerskap med sjuksköterskan vilket innebär att patienten själv måste aktivt delta. Syfte: Syftet med denna översiktsstudie var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter patientutbildning inom diabetes typ 2. Metod: Denna studie är en översiktsstudie med kvalitativ design baserad på tio granskade studier. Studierna analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys för att identifiera kategorier och underkategorier som svarade till syftet. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier: Sjuksköterskans upplevelser av barriärer och Sjuksköterskans upplevelser av sin identitet inom patientutbildningen. Detta innebär att det finns olika roller som sjuksköterskan måste tillämpa, vilket kan leda till osäkerhet. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde i vissa sammanhang även en otillräcklighet. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde även att det fanns barriärer av olika slag som hindrade en adekvat patientutbildning Konklusion: Det fanns en vilja och en insikt om att egenvårdsteori och individanpassning var något av stor vikt i patientutbildningen. Samtidigt uppmärksammades olika hinder strukturellt och personligt för att anpassa sin roll efter dessa principer.Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease that is becoming more common in society. In 2019, 463 million adults were estimated to live with the diagnosis and the figure is expected to rise. Complications of the disease are many but the most serious are hyperglycemia and cardiovascular changes. The care consists largely of self-care activities to promote physical activity, healthy weight and smoking cessation. Self-care involves a partnership with the nurse, which means that the patient himself must actively participate. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review study was to illuminate nurses' experiences patient education in type 2 diabetes. Method: This study is a review study with a qualitative design based on ten studies. The studies were analyzed using content analysis to identify categories and subcategories that corresponded to the purpose. Results: The analysis resulted in two main categories: Nurse's experiences of barriers and Nurse's experiences of her identity in patient education. This means that there are different roles that the nurse must play, which can lead to uncertainty. In some contexts, the nurses also experienced an inadequacy. Conclusion: The nurses also felt that there were barriers of various kinds that prevented adequate patient education. At the same time, various obstacles were noted structurally and personally to adapt their role to these principles.
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Forsberg, Matilda, and Therése Ruck. "Upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar vid diabetes typ 2 : Ur ett patientperspektiv." Thesis, Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7001.
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Bakgrund: Att få diagnosen diabetes typ 2 innebär ofta stora förändringar i livet som att ha en god kosthållning, förändra motionsvanor och i vissa fall läkemedelsbehandlas. Dessa livsstilsförändringar kan upplevas olika av diabetiker. För att vårdpersonalen ska kunna bemöta och behandla sin patient på bästa sätt behövs förståelse för hur patienten upplever de livsstilsförändringar som sjukdomen kan innebära. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur vuxna patienter upplevde de livsstilsförändringar som de genomförde när de fått diagnosen diabetes typ 2. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie gjordes som baserades på 11 artiklar. Teman framkom utifrån artiklarnas innehåll. Resultat: Studien kom fram till följande teman; Kosthållning, Känsla av utanförskap, Läkemedelsbehandling, Positiv förändring i livet och Balans mellan livsstilsförändringar och det dagliga livet. Diskussion: Centrala fynd som framkom i resultatet var att kostförändringen upplevdes som den svåraste livsstilsförändringen samt att de som drabbats av diabetes typ 2 upplevde social isolering. Ett fynd som inte var förväntat var att ett stort antal av de som fått diagnosen diabetes typ 2 kände sig hälsosammare.
Background: Being diagnosed with diabetes type 2 often means major changes in life. Diabetics must have a good diet, exercise habits change and in some cases drug treatment. Diabetics can experience lifestyle changes in various ways. To health care personnel to respond to and treat patients in the best way they need to understand how patients experience the lifestyle changes that the disease may present. Aim: The aim was to elucidate how adult patients experienced the lifestyle changes that they implemented when they were diagnosed with diabetes type 2. Method: A literature review which was based on 11 articles. Themes emerged from the articles content. Results: This study concluded following themes; Diet, Feeling of alienation, Drug treatment, Positive change in life and Balance between lifestyle changes and daily life. Discussion: Key findings that emerged was that the dietary change is perceived as the most difficult lifestyle change and those who are affected by type 2 diabetes are experiencing social isolation. One finding that was not expected was that a large number of those diagnosed with diabetes type 2 felt healthier.
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Nätterlund, Birgitta. "Living with muscular dystrophy : illness experience, activities of daily living, coping, quality of life and rehabilitation /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4997-2/.
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Yngvesdotter, Kaldemark Anna, and Linnea Verdrengh. "Personers erfarenheter av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 2." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13563.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease which increased in many countries and is rated as a threat to the public health. In order to be able to handle the disease and prevent severe complications or even death, the person affected with diabetes mellitus type 2 should gather knowledge about the disease and take on great responsibility for proper treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe persons' experience of living with diabetes mellitus type 2. Method: The method used was a literature study based on qualitative research. The articles were analysed according to Friberg (2017) five step model and resulted in three themes and eight subthemes. Results: The themes were The importance of culture, Self-management and Participation in care. The theme The importance of culture described how religion and culture could affect the persons' choice of food and the ways they managed their disease under religious celebrations such as Ramadan. The theme Self-management described the obstacles they could face with their disease, such as medication and how they could manage to control it. The theme Participation in care described different obstacles in health care such as language, culture and lack of insight into the disease. Conclusion: One of the most important parts in self-managing diabetes mellitus type 2 was that the persons should realize they suffered from a chronic disease and that they had to change their lifestyles in order to prevent complications related to the disease.Diabetes mellitus typ 2 har ökat under de senaste decennium att sjukdomen ses som en epidemi. Sjuksköterskan möter svårigheter i att finna motivation till livsstilsförändringar hos personer som har sjukdomen. Som sjuksköterska är en betydelsefull del i vårdandet av personen med diabetes mellitus typ 2 att ta del av personens resurser för att finna personens förmåga till att sköta sin sjukdom. För personen med sjukdomen är det av stor vikt att inse att diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en kronisk och progressiv sjukdom som kräver åtgärder och skötsel, då komplikationerna till sjukdomen kan vara allvarliga och i värsta fall leda till döden. I en globaliserad värld är det angeläget för sjuksköterskan att ha förståelse för hur kultur och religion spelar in i vissa personers liv och hur det kan påverka synen på sjukdom, egenvård och läkemedel. Den förståelsen kan förbättras genom att sjuksköterskan får en bredare kompetens inom kultur och religion samt hur dessa två faktorer påverkar samhällslivet. Sjuksköterskan ska också ha ett öppet förhållningssätt gentemot personer med en annan religiös åskådning och med andra socioekonomiska förutsättningar än den som sjuksköterskan själv har.
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Fagerås, Böttcher Malin, Maria Jenmalm, Tia Voor, Kaja Julge, Patric Holt, and Bengt Björkstén. "Cytokine responses to allergens during the first 2 years of life in Estonian and Swedish children." Linköpings universitet, Pediatrik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-34820.
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Background The prevalence of atopic disease among children in the formerly socialist countries in Europe, with a life style similar to that prevailing in Western Europe 30–40 years ago, is low, whereas there has been a pronounced increase in industrialized countries over the last decades. The environment during infancy influences the risk of developing allergy for many years, perhaps even for life. Objective To investigate the development of allergen-specific cytokine responses during the first 2 years of life in two geographically adjacent countries with marked differences in living conditions and incidence of atopic diseases, i.e. Estonia and Sweden. Methods The development of immune responses to food (β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and ovalbumin (OVA)) and inhalant (cat and birch) allergens was studied from birth up to the age of 2 years in 30 Estonian and 76 Swedish infants. Clinical investigation and skin prick tests were performed and blood samples were obtained at birth and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Results The levels of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with BLG, OVA and cat allergen in Estonian and Swedish infants declined during the first 3 months of life. All cytokines then progressively increased in the Swedish infants, indicating the replacement of non-specifically responding immature cord blood T cells with specific T memory cells, which are primed postnatally. The resurgence of allergen-specific responses in the Estonian infants was less marked. These differences were particularly notable for birch-specific T cell responses, which correlated with development of atopic disease in the Swedish children. Conclusions The development of specific T cell memory to food and inhalant allergens during the first 2 years of life differs between infants living in Sweden and Estonia, and mirrors the disparate patterns of expression of allergic disease which subsequently develops in the respective populations.
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Lager, Julia M. "Relationship among religious coping, psychosocial factors, and quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1797.
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Lee, Heung Ki. "The impact of family satisfaction upon Christian life in Korean-American interracial families /." Free full text of English translation is available to ORU patrons only; click to view, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1790275351&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=456&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Conrath, Julia Annika. "Stress, coping efficacy, and quality of life in a diverse international student population /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1650511821&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Travers, Mary E. "Mechanisms of Type 2 diabetes susceptibility." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d99892d8-534a-4908-b5dc-ab1d8b1cab52.
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a genetic component which is only partially understood. The majority of genetic variance in disease susceptibility is unaccounted for, whilst the precise transcripts and molecular mechanisms through which most risk variants exert their effect is unclear. A complete understanding of T2D susceptibility mechanisms could have benefits in risk prediction, and in drug discovery through the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Work presented in this thesis aims to define relevant transcripts and disease mechanisms at known susceptibility loci, and to identify disease association with classes of genetic variation other than common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). KCNQ1 contains intronic variants associated with T2D susceptibility and β-cell dysfunction, but only maternally-inherited alleles confer increased disease risk. It maps within an imprinted domain with an established role in congenital and islet-specific growth phenotypes. Using human adult islet and foetal pancreas samples, I refined the transcripts and developmental stage at which T2D susceptibility must be conferred by demonstrating developmentally plastic monoallelic and biallelic expression. I identified a potential risk mechanism through the effect of T2D risk alleles upon DNA methylation. The disease-associated regions identified through genome-wide association (GWA) studies often contain multiple transcripts. I performed mRNA expression profiling of genes within loci associated with raised proinsulin/insulin ratios in human islets and metabolically relevant tissues. Some genes (notably CT62) were not expressed and therefore excluded from consideration for a risk effect, whilst others (for example C2CD4A) were highlighted as good regional candidates due to specific expression in relevant tissues. GWA studies for T2D risk have focused predominantly upon common single nucleotide polymorphisms. As part of a consortium conducing GWA analysis for copy number variation (CNV) and T2D risk, I optimised and compared alternative methods of CNV genotyping, before using this information to validate two signals of disease association. I genotyped three rare single nucleotide variants emerging from an association study with T2D risk based on imputed data, providing an indication of imputation accuracy and more powerful disease association analysis. These data underscore the challenge of translating association signals to causal mechanisms, and of identifying alternative forms of genomic variation which contribute to T2D risk. My work highlights candidates for functional analysis around proinsulin-associated loci, and makes significant progress towards uncovering risk mechanisms at the KCNQ1 locus.
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Fort, Fachecia L. "Type 2 Diabetes Management for Geriatric Veterans." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5462.
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Managing diabetes in the geriatric long-term care population can be challenging, yet important because diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease. The purpose of this project was to identify clinical practice guidelines for managing Type 2 diabetes in geriatric veterans and to develop a class to educate providers on diabetes management in the geriatric long-term care population at a community living and rehabilitation center. The practice focused question asked if providing education to providers about the clinical practice guidelines for managing Type 2 diabetes in geriatric long-term care veterans would improve knowledge as measured by a pre- and posttest. The project was based on the stage theory of organizational change and focused on the goal of improving diabetes management in the long-term care geriatric population by using clinical practice guidelines. The American Medical Directors Association's and Diabetes Association's updated clinical practice guidelines and systematic review literature on diabetes provided the evidence to support the educational project. A pretest, posttest, and summative evaluation were used to evaluate the project. A paired t test was used to compare the pretest and posttest scores for all participants. Posttest results showed a significant improvement in provider knowledge compared to pretest scores (t = -4.416, df = 12, p < .01). Participant evaluation of the program showed that the goals and objectives were met, content was understandable, and presentation was professional. The findings of the project may be beneficial at the organizational level to promote positive social change by improved management of diabetes in the geriatric long-term care population, thus potentially decreasing unwanted side effects and improving geriatric veteran health.
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Roche, John Patrick. "The Role of Ca2+ Channel Subunit Composition in G Protein-Mediated Inhibition of Ca2+ Channels: a Disstertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 1997. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/281.
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Modulation of Ca2+ channels is an important mechanism for regulation of synaptic strength. However, it is clear that some Ca2+ current types are insensitive to inhibitory modulation mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein inhibition), and among currents which are sensitive to G protein inhibition, there is great variation in the magnitude of Ca2+ current inhibition between cells of different origin. For the experiments in this dissertation, I utilized recently cloned Ca2+ channels to determine the minimal combination of Ca2+ channel subunits which would confer G protein sensitivity to the recombinant channels. In addition, I examined the role Ca2+ channel auxiliary subunits play in regulation of Ca2+ channel sensitivity to inhibitory G proteins, and whether channels which were sensitive to G protein inhibition were regulated equivalently by the auxiliary subunits. Finally, I investigated possible mechanisms by which these auxiliary subunits modulate G protein-mediated inhibition of Ca2+ channels.
I found that α1A and α1B Ca2+ currents, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, were sensitive to modulation by G proteins in the absence of any Ca2+ channel auxiliary subunits, while α1C currents were not modulated under the same conditions. I conclude from this data that Ca2+ channel α1 subunits are differentially sensitive to G protein modulation, and the α1 subunit of the class A and B Ca2+ channels is sufficient for G protein modulation.
I also tested the ability of Ca2+ channel auxiliary subunits to modulate the magnitude of G protein-mediated inhibition Ca2+ currents. I found that the Ca2+ channel α2 subunit had no effect on the magnitude of G protein inhibition of α1A and α1B currents. However, the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit eliminated tonic G protein inhibition and sharply reduced the magnitude of muscarinic M2 receptor induced G protein inhibition of both α1A and α1B currents. I found, however, that while the magnitude of α1A and α1B current inhibition was equivalent in the absence of auxiliary subunits, the magnitude of inhibition was greater for the α1B channel after co-expression of the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit. These results indicate that the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit reduces the sensitivity of α1A and α1B Ca2+ channels to voltage-dependent G protein modulation, and does so to a greater extent for α1A channels when compared to α1B Ca2+ channels.
I found that M2 receptor induced inhibition of α1B currents was more voltage-dependent after expression of the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit. Additionally, the rate relief of G protein inhibition dramatically increased after co-expression of the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit. I also co-expressed G protein subunits, and determined that inhibition of both α1B and α1Bβ3 currents was mediated by the G protein βγ subunit. Furthermore, the rate of voltage-dependent relief of G protein βγ subunit induced inhibition increased after co-expression of the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit, similar to the increased rate of relief of the M2 receptor induced G protein inhibition. These data, along with data which demonstrates that G protein inhibition results from the binding of the G protein βγ subunit to the Ca2+ channel (De Waard et al., 1997), indicate that the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit subunit reduces the magnitude of G protein inhibition of α1B Ca2+ currents by increasing the rate of dissociation of the G protein βγ subunit, such that moderate depolarizations used to activate the channel also relieve a large portion of the G protein inhibition.
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Ajabshir, Sahar. "The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Status in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3649.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 4000 IU and 6000 IU of daily vitamin D3 supplementation for 3 months and 6 months on 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and glycated albumin (GA%) among a group of individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D. Furthermore, this study investigated the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-OHdG, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), GA% and insulin. Ninety participants were recruited by community outreach and were screened. Sixty-eight participants met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and completed the study. DII for each individuals was calculated based on the values obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Measurements of variables were conducted at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of supplementation. Serum CRP, 8-OHdg, GA%, HbA1c and insulin were measured by enzymatic immunoassay methods. Mixed model was used to compare treatment groups. Covariates in the adjusted model included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), insulin, HbA1c, years with type 2 diabetes, perceived stress, physical activity, and sun exposure. Mean age was 54.94± 7.93 years.A multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, and fasting plasma glucose was used to test for the linear trend between DII and CRP, 8-OHdG, GA% and insulin.The unadjusted model showed no significant associations between quartiles of DII, CRP, HbA1c and GA%. A significant inverse association was observed between the fourth DII quartile and insulin level (p=0.030). There was a significant association between SBP and DII in Q4 (p=0.029).The unadjusted mean ± SD for 8-OHdG levels at baseline, after 3 and 6 months were 8068.94 ± 2158.13 pg/mL, 9462.22 ± 2403.89 pg/mL, and 7412.69 ± 2031.68 pg/mL, respectively. The unadjusted mixed model showed no difference between the 4000 and 6000 IU groups regarding the oxidative stress and GA%. Interactions between time and treatment were not significant. The model showed a statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG level between baseline and 3 months (PP=0.015), and from 3 months to 6 months (P=0.039), but not from baseline to 6 months (P= 0.488). The results of the present study showed daily oral supplementation with higher doses of vitamin D for 6 months may have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and glycemic status among a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of hyperinsulinemia and hypertension among individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D.
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Prom, Elizabeth Chin. "Addressing Issues in the Detection of Gene-Environment Interaction Through the Study of Conduct Disorder." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/2.
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This work addresses issues in the study of gene-environment interaction (GxE) through research of conduct disorder (CD) among adolescents and extends the recent report of significant GxE and subsequent replication studies. A sub-sample of 1,299 individual participants/649 twin pairs and their parents from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent and Behavioral Development was used for whom Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, diagnosis of CD, maternal antisocial personality symptoms, and household neglect were obtained. This dissertation (1) tested for GxE by gender using MAOA and childhood adversity using multiple approaches to CD measurement and model assessment, (2) determined whether other mechanisms would explain differences in GxE by gender and (3) identified and assessed other genes and environments related to the interaction MAOA and childhood adversity. Using a multiple regression approach, a main effect of the low/low MAOA genotype remained after controlling other risk factors in females. However, the effects of GxE were modest and were removed by transforming the environmental measures. In contrast, there was no significant effect of the low activity MAOA allele in males although significant GxE was detected and remained after transformation. The sign of the interaction for males was opposite from females, indicating genetic sensitivity to childhood adversity may differ by gender. Upon further investigation, gender differences in GxE were due to genotype-sex interaction and may involve MAOA. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach including a genetic Item Response Theory modeled CD as a trait with continuous liability, since false detection of GxE may result from measurement. In males and females, the inclusion of GxE while controlling for the other covariates was appropriate, but was little improvement in model fit and effect sizes of GxE were small. Other candidate genes functioning in the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems were tested for interaction with MAOA to affect risk for CD. Main genetic effects of dopamine transporter genotype and MAOA in the presence of comorbidity were detected. No epistatic effects were detected. The use of random forests systematically assessed the environment and produced several interesting environments that will require more thoughtful consideration before incorporation into a model testing GxE.