Relevant bibliographies by topics / Life Change Events [MESH]

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Life Change Events [MESH]'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Life Change Events [MESH]"

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Siqueira, José Ricardo, and Valdo da Silva Marques. "Tracking and short-term forecasting of mesoscale convective cloud clusters over southeast Brazil using satellite infrared imagery." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 71, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19050.

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This paper presents the tracking and short-term forecasting of mesoscale convective cloud clusters (CCs) that occurred over southeast Brazil and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean during 2009–17. These events produce intense rainfall and severe storms that impact agriculture, defence, hydroelectricity and offshore oil production. To identify, track and forecast CCs, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite infrared imagery and the Forecasting and Tracking the Evolution of Cloud Clusters method are used. The forecast performance is investigated by applying statistical analyses between the observed and forecasted CCs’ physical properties. A total of 7139 mesoscale convective CCs were identified, tracked and selected for the short-term forecasting at their maturation phases. The CC tracking showed a high frequency of CCs over the Atlantic Ocean and mainly over continental and coastal southeast Brazil during the wet season. This indicates an important role played by the cold fronts and convective diurnal forcing on the organisation of convective cloudiness over that region. The majority of the CCs reached their maturation phases within the first 2h of life cycle, which occurred mostly between the late afternoon and evening. The CCs had short lifetimes and were predominantly in meso-β scales, followed by meso-α convective CCs. The CCs showed cloud-top temperatures typical of clouds with strong vertical development and potential to produce rainfall. The short-term forecasting of CCs at their maturation phases revealed different behaviours of the statistical indices with forecast range. For the 30–60-min timeframe, the forecasts performed relatively well. For longer forecast lead times (90–120min), the forecasts overestimated the occurrences, intensities and growth of the CCs and forecasted the CCs to be further north and east of their actual observed locations. Overall, our results may contribute to improving the forecast quality of these intense weather events.
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Kaufmann, P., F. Schubiger, and P. Binder. "Precipitation forecasting by a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model: eight years of experience." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 6 (December 31, 2003): 812–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-812-2003.

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Abstract. The Swiss Model, a hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model, has been used at MeteoSwiss for operational forecasting at the meso-beta scale (mesh-size 14 km) from 1994 until 2001. The quality of the quantitative precipitation forecasts is evaluated for the eight years of operation. The seasonal precipitation over Switzerland and its dependence on altitude is examined for both model forecasts and observations using the Swiss rain gauge network sampling daily precipitation at over 400 stations for verification. The mean diurnal cycle of precipitation is verified against the automatic surface observation network on the basis of hourly recordings. In winter, there is no diurnal forcing of precipitation and the modelled precipitation agrees with the observed values. In summer, the convection in the model starts too early, overestimates the amount of precipitation and is too short-lived. Skill scores calculated for six-hourly precipitation sums show a constant level of performance over the model life cycle. Dry and wet seasons influence the model performance more than the model changes during its operational period. The comprehensive verification of the model precipitation is complemented by the discussion of a number of heavy rain events investigated during the RAPHAEL project. The sensitivities to a number of model components are illustrated, namely the driving boundary fields, the internal partitioning of parameterised and grid-scale precipitation, the advection scheme and the vertical resolution. While a small impact of the advection scheme had to be expected, the increasing overprediction of rain with increasing vertical resolution in the RAPHAEL case studies was larger than previously thought. The frequent update of the boundary conditions enhances the positioning of the rain in the model. Keywords: numerical weather prediction, quantitative precipitation forecast, model verification
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Campbell, Monica L., Peter J. Clarke, and David A. Keith. "Seed traits and seed bank longevity of wet sclerophyll forest shrubs." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 2 (2012): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11261.

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In wet sclerophyll forests seedling recruitment either occurs after intermittent fire events or continuously during intervals between fires in gaps created by small-scale disturbances. The dormancy and dispersal characteristics of seeds will influence how plant species exploit these contrasting recruitment opportunities. For example, long-lived seed banks may be crucial for persistence of species that are unable to recruit during intervals between fires if the length of fire intervals exceeds the life span of standing plants (senescence risk). To better understand mechanisms of population persistence during prolonged absence of fire in montane wet sclerophyll forests, we studied seed bank dynamics in four understorey species. We chose two species thought to have fire event-driven recruitment, Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola (Proteaceae) and Goodia lotifolia (Fabaceae), and two species that are thought to have canopy gap-phase recruitment, Trochocarpa laurina (Ericaceae) and Tasmannia stipitata (Winteraceae). We measured seed rain, seed bank density and used seeds buried in nylon mesh bags to estimate rates of seed decay in the soil over time. All species produced a substantial seed crop on an annual basis. The annual seed crop in three species (G. lotifolia, T. stipitata and T. laurina) was released in a dormant state and developed a persistent seed bank, while one species (B. integrifolia) lacked dormancy and rapidly germinated under laboratory and field conditions. Seed bank characteristics of G. lotifolia appear to promote episodic recruitment after large landscape-scale fires, those of B. integrifolia appear to promote more continuous recruitment in response to smaller fires and other disturbances that avoid widespread mortality of established plants, while seed bank characteristics of T. stipitata and T. laurina may facilitate both episodic and continuous recruitment under respective types of disturbance. The four species appeared to have varied vulnerabilities and mechanisms for reducing immaturity risk and senescence risk to persistence of their populations under recurrent disturbance. Dormancy, seed bank longevity and seed rain are likely to be useful syndromes for predicting the response of wet sclerophyll forest understorey species to changed disturbance regimes.
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Albrecht, Stan L., and Marie Cornwall. "Life Events and Religious Change." Review of Religious Research 31, no. 1 (September 1989): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511021.

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NEWCOMB, MICHAEL D., G. J. HUBA, and P. M. BENTLER. "Life Change Events among Adolescents." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 174, no. 5 (May 1986): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198605000-00004.

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Favero, Vittorio, Christian Bacci, Andrea Volpato, Michela Bandiera, Lorenzo Favero, and Gastone Zanette. "Pregnancy and Dentistry: A Literature Review on Risk Management during Dental Surgical Procedures." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9040046.

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Background: Pregnancy is a unique moment in a woman’s life, accompanied with several physiologic changes that have an impact on oral health. Aim of the study: The purpose of the present study was to conduct a critical review of published literature regarding pregnancy and dentistry, the most frequent oral diseases that are encountered during pregnancy, their correlation to adverse pregnancy events, and safe dental treatments that can be performed during pregnancy. Methods: A Medline/COCHRANE search was carried using specific keywords and MeSH terms, combined with the boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. Results: The search led to 146 publications including guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic and non-systematic reviews, published between 2000 and 2021. Discussion and conclusions: Due to the increased inflammatory and immune body response that characterizes pregnancy, periodontal conditions are often aggravated during pregnancy and periodontal disease encountered frequently in pregnant patients. There are conflicting study results in the literature regarding the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontal treatment did not show a significant reduction in the adverse outcomes. Many dentists, often due to lack of information, are reluctant to provide dental treatment to pregnant women. However, preventive and restorative dental treatment is safe during pregnancy. Diagnostic radiographs may be performed after the first trimester if absolutely necessary. Analgesics (such as paracetamol) and anesthetics (such as lidocaine) are also considered safe. In case of infection, antibacterial drugs such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and some cephalosporines and macrolides can also be prescribed. Organogenesis takes place in the first trimester, the time during which the fetus is susceptible to severe malformations (teratogenesis). The ideal time to perform dental treatment is the second trimester (week 17 to 28). However, acute pain or infections make the intervention of the dentist absolutely necessary and emergency treatment can be performed during the whole pregnancy period.
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Bleidorn, Wiebke, Christopher J. Hopwood, and Richard E. Lucas. "Life Events and Personality Trait Change." Journal of Personality 86, no. 1 (December 3, 2016): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12286.

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Miller, Patrick. "Life change events research: 1966–1978." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 29, no. 2 (January 1985): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(85)90045-5.

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Leventhal, Howard. "Review of Life Change, Life Events and Illness: Selected Papers." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 9 (September 1990): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029068.

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Broering, Jeanette M., and Charles E. Irwin. "Juvenile Status Offenders' Perceptions of Life Change Events." Psychiatric Annals 17, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19871201-12.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life Change Events [MESH]"

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Patel, Purvika. "Major life events and change in health related behaviours." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245428.

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Charman, Elizabeth A. "Experience of change : adolescent and parent perspectives." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362862.

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Records, Kathryn Ann. "Life events of pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276646.

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This descriptive study compared life events in the lives of pregnant (n = 23) and non-pregnant (n = 23) adolescents using a developmental model. A 51-item life events checklist adapted from Robbins (1981) and Johnson and McCutcheon (1980) was used to identify occurrence and perception (good or bad) of life events. Mean ages were 17.3 (pregnant) an 17.0 (non-pregnant). Ethnic representation was Hispanic (n = 28), Anglo (n = 14), American Indian (n = 2), and Black (n = 2). One pregnant and seven non-pregnant adolescents were employed. Thirty-nine adolescents lived with their parents, and seven lived on their own. Pregnancy of sister or close friend, an increased number of arguments between parents, a change in parents' financial status, and trouble with brother or sister were reported by more than 50% of the total. No significant difference existed in either the total number or perception of life events between groups. In addition, the developmental adaptation categories revealed no significant statistical difference.
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Foster, Deborah Kaye. "Major life events and the accumulation of wealth." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Mccool, Jane A. "Life experiences of Cambodian-American refugee women : segmented life stories /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3115634.

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Parrish, John. "Exploring adult spiritual (trans)formation through short-term training events." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com.

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Allnock, Debra Sue. "Memorable events and emergent change across the life course following childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684914.

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This thesis explores the way in which memorable life events prompted change across the life course following experiences of childhood sexual abuse. Seven women and five men were recruited purposively within the United Kingdom. In-depth interviews were carried out which focussed on key life course concepts including time and place, linked lives and life events. Life History Calendars were jointly-produced simultaneous to the interviews, which allowed the collection of a broad and complex range of contextual and event-based data. The analysis hinged on the concept of 'emergent change', defined as fragile and tentative change set within dynamic and complex interpersonal and social environments. Emergent change came primarily in the form of contextualisation, recognition and disclosure (in childhood), seeking emotional support (in adolescence) and resolution and acceptance (in adulthood). Varied and unique memorable life events were identified as important catalysts for different kinds of emergent change, highlighting the importance of the meaning that people attach to them. However, the relationship between these events and change was highly continent upon context. A conceptual tool is offered as a way of navigating this relationship and other events, relationships and contexts which act as mediating, moderating, mitigating and reinforcing influences on emergent change The research - the first known study in the field of sexual abuse to examine the connection between memorable events and life change in-depth - therefore, makes an original contribution to the field of resilience and recovery following sexual abuse. Memorable events may provide another avenue to identify children experiencing abuse and, as contextualised within the tool, may have some use in therapeutic contexts for supporting recovery. The tool may also provide a basis for further qualitative and quantitative research in understanding the role of events in recovery.
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Price, Simani Mohapatra. "The effect of rumination on beliefs about adjustment to future negative life events." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040525/.

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Bolan, Marc Davis. "Residential trajectories : optimal alignment and the structure of residential mobility over the life course /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8909.

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Pai, Jui-sheng. "Family crisis in childhood illness: an investigation of families having a school-age child with a brain tumor /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7212.

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Books on the topic "Life Change Events [MESH]"

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Change your shoes, change your life. Avon, MA: Adams Media, 2005.

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Scott, Cynthia D. Managing personal change. Menlo Park, ca: Crisp Publications, 1989.

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Further interpretations of real-life events: Stories. New York: Harper Perennial, 2011.

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Battat, Stacey K. Thin threads: Life changing moments. Woodbridge, Conn: Kiwi Technologies, 2010.

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Crossings: Everyday people, unexpected events, and life-affirming change. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998.

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Change of heart. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2016.

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Hopson, Barrie. Transitions: Positive change in your life & work. Amsterdam: Pfeiffer & Co., 1993.

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Der Knacks. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 2008.

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Mundo, Corazon Del. Being extraordinary!: Living your highest potential. Manila: Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil, 2004.

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McClelland, Carol L. The seasons of change: Using nature's wisdom to grow through life's inevitable ups and downs. Berkeley, Calif: Conari Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Life Change Events [MESH]"

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Lieberman, Morton A. "Perceptions of Changes in the Self: The Impact of Life Events and Large Group Awareness Training." In Self Change, 43–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2922-3_3.

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Spencer, Ruth Viola. "Improvement of Human and Environmental Health Through Waste Management in Antigua and Barbuda." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 215–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_12.

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AbstractAntigua and Barbuda is currently experiencing an expansion in integrated waste management driven by local community groups. These events are catalytic and transformational, fit well into SEPLS methodologies, and contribute to many of the biodiversity targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With waste being a direct driver of and major challenge for biodiversity, climate change and land degradation, many positive multi-dimensional impacts are being seen, realised and manifested that contribute positively to reducing land-based sources of pollution through community stewardship. Such local actions positively impact the sustainable management of natural resources and the protection of habitats. Likewise, they support land degradation neutrality, protection and safeguarding of the ecosystems that provide our soil, air and water resources, sustain livelihoods, and facilitate transfer of knowledge to children and youth.This attempt to pilot a circular economy approach is providing vocational and life skills training, as well as income generation for the local community, including new forms of capacity building and development, while reducing soil, water and air pollution. Public-private partnerships built through this project are motivating other groups to follow a similar path to biodiversity transformation. Changes in attitudes and behaviours, and the building of knowledge and capacities in the next generation, is taking place through school and community outreach programmes.The project has led to community empowerment in understanding that everyone has a role to play in sustainable development and that through collective actions, changes to improve public health can be made.
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Zeiger, Spencer James. "Life-Changing Events." In Alive After Academia, 63–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068189.003.0008.

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A key element in social work and social work education is a belief in the ability to change, discovering previously hidden strengths along the way. Study participants were asked to look back on their careers as social work educators and recount a life-changing event (for themselves and/or their students). The stories they told were diverse, amazing, and heartfelt. Events are presented in the following categories: lessons learned from students; life’s lessons outside the classroom; coming out as a gay person; the great realization; serendipity; a strengths perspective story; saving a marriage; discovering that a social work major is not the best fit for all students; and a spectacular going-away party.
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Post, Eric. "Life History Variation and Phenology." In Ecology of Climate Change. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148472.003.0003.

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This chapter looks at examples illustrating patterns in phenological responses to observed and experimental climate change. The most commonly observed phenological response to recent climate change is an advance in the timing of early life history events such as migration, plant emergence or flowering, amphibian breeding, or egg-laying dates in birds. Patterns in satellite-derived images of primary productivity suggest a lengthening of the plant-growing season in recent decades, whereas data on plant phenological dynamics from studies conducted at plot and sublandscape scales indicate shortened phenophases, or phenological events, in response to warming. This contrast may be resolved by recognizing the difference between phenology in the context of individual life history strategies of disparate species and landscape-scale patterns of phenology, and by recognizing the difference between local, species-specific phenological dynamics and those occurring at the landscape scale.
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"Events and 1995 life change unit (LCU) values for the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire." In Relaxation Techniques, 254–55. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-07447-9.50037-1.

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Brown, George W. "The Social Origins of Depression and the Role of Meaning." In Understanding Social Change. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263143.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the role of social factors in ill health, with a particular focus on depression. Major life events increase the risk of most depressive disorders. In a longitudinal study carried out in the early 1980s of 400 mothers in Islington, 1 in 10 developed a depressive disorder within a year, and most of those had a severely threatening life event not long before. This chapter also summarises the three forms of meaning relevant for the aetiology of depression. First, the role-based meanings of severe events relate to traditional anthropological and sociological concerns. Second, the evolutionary-derived meanings show that the experience of humiliation following a severe event is critical in the development of depression. Finally, the memory-linked emotional schemas influence a person's vulnerability to events.
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Durham, William H. "Beautiful on the Inside." In Exuberant Life, 116–41. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531518.003.0005.

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Marine iguanas stand in stark contrast to the Galápagos rails. They vary enormously in space by size and color, supporting classification into 11 subspecies (whereas rails are monotypic). And they vary in time, especially males, which change to bright colors in the mating season—some to the point of being bright red and green “Christmas iguanas.” They vary over time in an additional special way: iguanas shrink up to 20% (or 2.7 inches) during the food scarcity of El Niño events. They have evolved the capacity to shut down their normal stress response when the ocean gets warm, thus becoming quiescent and riding out the storm. The larger the iguanas, the more they shrink and the longer they survive. Furthermore, nearly all marine iguana subspecies have increased in size since 1905, while, at the same time, climate change has made El Niño events stronger and longer. Could climate change be driving the evolution of larger marine iguanas? Will iguanas be able to keep up as El Niño worsens?
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Zalasiewicz, Jan. "Ghosts in absentia." In The Planet in a Pebble. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199569700.003.0013.

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One of the books that changed my perception of the world is The Open Sea, Part 1, by the marine biologist Sir Alister Hardy. He had set out to write one book about the sea, but found that there was so much to say about the world of the plankton that it took up a whole book (he then had to write another book about everything else). It’s now more than half a century old, and yet this hidden world remains marvellously evoked by his words, and by the antique black and white photographs and line drawings. Coming to this as a palaeontologist, it was eye-opening. I was aware that in the strata, one normally only finds the remains of those forms of life that had some hard parts to fossilize. Bones, teeth, shells—and in the case of the acritarchs, chitinozoa and graptolites, their tough organic casings and homes. I knew that there had been other soft-bodied things out there of course, but alas these don’t register often enough on the radar of the geologically programmed. So the sheer variety and exuberance of this world, revealed in those pages, took me by surprise. The remains of some of this life, within the pebble, lie somewhere within the amorphous black carbon that gives this object its dark colour, and in some of the subtle chemical signals of the rock itself. Parts of the hidden Silurian sea are beginning to be decoded from this unpromising material, and the stories emerging—fragmentary, ambiguous, tantalizing— sometimes have surprising uses. Tow a fine-mesh net behind a ship for a few minutes, as Hardy did as a working scientist, and then examine its contents with a microscope, and a small fraction of this world is revealed—enough to reveal its almost boundless diversity. There are microscopic plants, the base of the food chain: the diatoms, for instance, single-celled algae with a silica skeleton that looks like a tiny ornate hatbox; the coccolithophores, even smaller algae with a bizarre calcium carbonate skeleton made of overlapping shield-like discs, and the dinoflagellates, too.
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Durham, William H. "Tough Times for the Loneliest Albatross." In Exuberant Life, 22–47. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531518.003.0002.

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The waved albatross of Galápagos, the world’s only tropical albatross, has survived millennia of flying in low-velocity winds by foraging relatively short distances to the Peruvian upwelling. The advent of longline fishing along the coast of Peru and recent changes in El Niño have caught the albatross in a demographic pinch, rendering it critically endangered since 2007. Because reproductive pairs lay only a single egg per year under the best of circumstances, the conservation challenges are noteworthy and all the more serious because recurrent El Niño events shut down the albatrosses’ food supply. Effective conservation measures include human intervention to save “marooned” and abandoned eggs, to change longlining practices in the Peruvian coastal fishery, and to provide safe refugia on a small island off the coast of Ecuador where hungry albatrosses can raise chicks even closer to the upwelling. But until our efforts suffice to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the growing severity of El Niño events, we shall all have an albatross hanging around our necks: the beautiful waved albatross of Galápagos.
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Wheeler, Michael. "Plus ça change." In The Athenaeum, 296–326. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300246773.003.0013.

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This chapter reflects on the paradox that greater changes in the Athenæum's constitution, tone, and activities have taken place since the mid-1980s than in any previous period, changes that reflect an accommodation to consumerism. Yet the club has remained the same, retaining a strong sense of tradition, claiming a unique identity for itself as 'more than just another London club', and maintaining principles embodied in its foundation through its members' professional contribution to the national life. In the 1960s, the Athenæum was still famed for its high thinking and plain living, whereas in the 1990s it began to invest heavily in the refurbishment of its facilities and in creating comfortable amenities for its members and guests. These changes were part of a process of reinvention that included the introduction of women members, from 2002, and an increase in private entertaining and diaried events. Whereas ballots used to be held in order to elect new members from a long list of candidates, they are now needed to determine which members can secure a place at one of the many and varied events in the club's calendar which are oversubscribed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Life Change Events [MESH]"

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Ye, Tina Y., and Shin-Min Song. "Gait Planning for Quadruped Turning." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14153.

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Abstract Gait planning for turning is important to the control of legged locomotion. For practical reason, it is necessary for a quadruped to change its walking direction without slowing down or making a stop. In this paper, we formulate a gait planning which enables a quadruped walking in a straight line to change its gait to increase stability first, make a turn and finally recover to its original gait for straight-line walking. All of this is performed under a constant speed condition. The result shows that with some simple foot adjustments, the turning can be initiated at any foot lifting or placing event during a cycle.
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Mohapatra, Chinmoy, Gabriel Jacobsohn, Eli Baldwin, and David Schmidt. "Modeling Sealing in Transient Injector Simulations." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69309.

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The early and late portions of transient fuel injection have proven to be a rich area of research, especially since the end of injection can create a disproportionate amount of emissions in direct injection internal combustion engines. A perennial challenge in simulating the internal flow of fuel injectors is the valve opening and closure event. In a typical adaptive-mesh CFD simulation, the small gap between the needle valve and the seat must be resolved with very small cells, resulting in extremely expensive computations. Capturing complete closure usually involves a topological change in the computational domain. In this work we present a more gradual and easily-implemented model of closure that avoids spurious water-hammer effects. The algorithm is demonstrated with a simulation of a gasoline direct injector operating under cavitating conditions. The results include the the first simulation of a multiple injection event known to the authors. The results show cavitation at low valve lift. Further, they reveal post-closure dynamics that result in dribble, which is expected to contribute to unburned hydrocarbon emissions.
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Arabgolarcheh, Alireza, Ernesto Benini, and Morteza Anbarsooz. "Development of an Actuator Line Model for Simulation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-60098.

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Abstract This study focuses on developing and applying an actuator line model (ALM) to predict the wake behind floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). A computational method is presented which implements an ALM, able to handle 6 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) motion dynamics, coupled with a CFD solver. Computational grides used are cubic and do not require a boundary layer mesh. Results show that just about 300k grids are necessary for performance assessment of the NREL Phase VI case. Therefore, the proposed method leads to significantly lower computational cost and easier preprocessing compared to high-order methods used for solving RANS. On the other hand, coupled aerodynamic and motion analyses showed that pitch and surge motions have the most considerable influence on turbine performance due to their inherent effect on 3D local wind inclination in the relative frame. The peak power happened when the platform is in its initial position, where the platform motion velocity is maximum. Finally, it is shown that the wind turbine movement has a considerable effect on its wake characteristics. The gap distances between wake rings can also change wake interactions, and, for the case with platform pitch motion, the condition of the wake is even more complicated as such distance is not the same in all azimuthal sectors. The results show that the applied ALM method is beneficial for simulating the wake behind offshore wind turbines and the complex phenomena in the wake due to platform oscillation.
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Liu, Han, Ning Ma, and Xiechong Gu. "Numerical Prediction of Ship Hydrodynamic Derivatives in Close Proximity to a Vertical Bank and Maneuvering Stability Analysis." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54528.

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As bank effect has a remarkable influence on the maneuverability of a ship proceeding close to a vertical bank, the assessment of ship maneuvering stability is of great importance. The hydrodynamic derivatives of a ship can reflect the change of the ship’s maneuverability and they are determined with the method of planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests. This paper presents a numerical way to simulate the PMM captive model tests for the ship KVLCC2. A general purpose viscous flow solver was adopted to solve unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations in conjunction with a RNG k-ε turbulence model. A hybrid dynamic mesh technique is developed to update the mesh volume around the ship hull when the ship is undertaking pure yaw motions and it turns out efficient and effective to solve the limitation of small ship-bank distance to the mesh configuration and remeshing.. The numerical simulations and the accuracy of the numerical method was validated in comparison with the results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel. Then a series of distances between ship and bank together with different water depths were set for simulating the PMM tests of the KVLCC2 model in proximity to a vertical bank. The first order hydrodynamic derivatives of the ship were analyzed from the time history of lateral force and yaw moment according to the multiple-run simulating procedure. The values of derivatives in different lateral proximities to the bank and variant water depths were compared and it showed some favorable trends for predicting the ship’s maneuverability in the restricted waterways. For example, the influence of velocity derivatives on lateral force reduces while that of velocity derivatives on yaw moment strengthens and this is partly due to the suction force and bow-out moment caused by bank wall effect. The straight line stability and directional stability in terms of the calculated hydrodynamic derivatives were also discussed based on the MMG model for ship maneuvering. Results indicate that the ship is inherently unstable without control and the enhancement of bank effect makes the condition even worse. Moreover, a stable or unstable zone of PD controller parameters focusing on the directional stability was illustrated and setting the values of controller parameters in the range of “Control with high sensitivity” is recommended for cases of the ship navigating in very close proximity to a bank.
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Camilleri, Lawrence, Arthur Watson, Yan Liu, and Mohammed El-Gindy. "Keep Your ESPs Running: Case Studies Exhibiting a Holistic Methodology for Run-Life Improvement." In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204483-ms.

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Abstract Build a more robust ESP or reduce the stress it endures? Run-life improvement requires finding the right balance to suit the local well conditions and economics. Utilizing key case studies, the paper examines how operational stress caused by low flow rates can be avoided with the correct utilization of instrumentation, surveillance, and automation thereby providing practical solutions for extending the run life of already installed ESPs. The method starts with an extensive review of ESP failure mechanisms and their causes, supported by case studies and pictures illustrating the symptoms that can be observed during dismantling. This holistic technique is supported by several case studies. The common "thread" found on most failure mechanisms is temperature rise inside the ESP, which deteriorates properties of materials, including polymer insulation, elastomer seals, and metallic parts. Heat rise is attributed to three main causes: motor thermal losses, pump hydraulic losses, and frictional heat. Case studies and data sets are provided to confirm that a paradigm shift in mitigation improvement can be achieved by automating the identification of low flow events utilizing a downhole real-time flowmeter. Three reasons are given. Firstly, it is a leading indicator, whereas surface flow meters and temperature sensors are lagging indicators due to pump-up time and heat exchange respectively. Secondly, automation enables more consistent and cost-effective identification in large ESP populations. Thirdly, it enables deeper diagnostics of the cause of low flow (i.e., gas lock versus slugging, and even the source of slugging such as horizontal lateral versus production tubing). The authors provide an exhaustive list of case studies identifying sand fallback and scale as well as low flow causes and how they can be diagnosed, including differentiation between ESP, wellbore hydraulics, and reservoir inflow causes (e.g. depletion and skin.) Over the last 30 years, improvements in design and materials have tripled ESP run lives. Therefore, many fields attain six-year average run lives and 90-day survivability of 98%. Nevertheless, economics have tightened, which has raised the bar, and therefore, many operators still suffer uneconomical run lives. Case studies indicate that the next step-change in run life improvement will require a reduction in environmental stresses by mitigating the effect of low-flow events, scale, and sand.
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Shao, Yimin, Xi Wang, Zaigang Chen, and Teik C. Lim. "Effect of Gear Tooth Crack on Spur Gear Dynamic Response by Simulation." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47524.

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Geared transmission systems are widely applied to transmit power, torque and high rotational speed, and as well as change the direction of rotational motion. Their performances and efficiencies depend greatly on the integrity of the gear structure. Hence, health monitoring and fault detection in geared systems have gained much attention. Often, as a result of inappropriate operating conditions, application of heavy load beyond the designed capacity or end of fatigue life, gear faults frequently occur in practice. When fault happens, gear meshing characteristics, including mesh stiffness that is one of the important dynamic parameters, can be affected. This sudden change in mesh stiffness can induce shock vibration as the faulty gear tooth passes through the engagement zone. In this study, a finite element model representing the crack at the tooth root of a spur gear is developed. The theory is applied to investigate the effect of different crack sizes and the corresponding change in mesh stiffness. In addition, a lumped parameter model is formulated to examine the effect of tooth fault on gear dynamic response.
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Evans, Rich, Bill Dawes, Nabil Meah, Andrey Kudryavtsev, and Matthew Hunt. "A Method for the Simulation of Time-Dependent In-Service Performance Change." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16320.

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Abstract Most numerical engineering simulation is performed on pristine, as-designed representations of the components and systems in question. Although the rate of through-life performance degradation is hugely important when considering the total cost/benefit of a system, engineers have had profound difficulties in modelling the physical changes that components undergo in service due to the quasi-random and organic nature of the mechanisms such as wear, corrosion, icing and fouling. Typically, the creation of ‘worn’ models is based on a posteriori inspection or scanning of a failing or failed component. This paper presents a novel method for modifying geometry in response to scalar field variables directly accessed from the embedded physical models within physics-based simulation. It uses a distance field, managed as a Level-set, to drive time-dependent changes to the geometry surface, borrowing heavily from technology which has seen widespread use in the computer graphics industry to create and modify items in a natural organic way. A computational mesh can then be constructed around and within the modified geometry so that the simulation can be performed on the now ‘in-service’ version of the components. This greatly improves the predictive power of such simulations and provide a priori predictions of component performance in response to, for example, corrosive environments. The method is robust, can manage and create meshes for arbitrarily complex geometry, is insensitive to large scale topology changes such as hole blockage or passage burn-through, is highly suitable for automated simulation workflows and can represent both additive (fouling, icing) and reductive (erosion, corrosion, burn though) shape change.
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Rahman, Sazzadur, Waheed Abbasi, and Thomas W. Joyce. "Lifetime Assessments of an Old Westinghouse-Design Steam Chest." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54779.

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Fossil steam turbines were designed for approximately thirty years of reliable operation based on a normal duty cycle. During operation, highly stressed components of steam turbine power plants undergo a change in material properties due to cyclic stress and exposure to different temperatures. Among all the components of a steam turbine, the steam chest is affected the most as it experiences a wide variation of stresses and loads during transient events and steady-state operation. These factors can strongly influence the metallurgical condition and overall reliable life of steam chests. In this paper, Siemens’ overall approach for lifetime assessments will be discussed with a real life example on a 40 year old Westinghouse-design steam chest. The methodology and the findings from the assessment are also discussed.
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Rakshit, Sushanta Mohan, Michael Hempel, and Hamid Sharif. "A Modular Energy Model for the Low Power Radio Domain in Linear-Topology Hybrid Technology Networking." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2299.

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The North American Freight Railroad industry has been exploring ways in which on-board real time or near real-time monitoring of important railcar components and cargo can be accomplished. This approach alleviates the danger from fast occurring catastrophic events like bearing failure, which is not always possible using the traditional wayside monitoring techniques. The use of Wireless Sensor Networks is a viable candidate technology that is being explored for this application. However, popular communication protocols based on IEEE 802.15.4 have been evaluated by the railroad industry and our lab, and were found to perform unacceptably for this application domain, among other reasons, as a consequence of the long linear chain-like network topology of a sensor network deployment on a train. Hybrid Technology Networking (HTN) protocol has been designed to address these issues. HTN structures the network as a communication hierarchy using multiple different network technologies. It allows small clusters to communicate internally using IEEE 802.15.4 and utilizes IEEE 802.11 as the inter-cluster transport method for data delivery over multiple hops to the locomotive. It aims to maximize the benefits afforded by each technology. Energy is a scarce resource in such networks and hence modeling it for energy analysis and optimization is vital. A model that accurately predicts the energy consumption of a particular network deployment is therefore of utmost necessity. However, most modelling efforts concentrate on network deployments utilizing only a single type of communication protocol and the structure of such deployments are often mesh-like. Also the existing modelling approaches tend to model the entire network as a single phenomenon, which is often not the case in network deployments such as those in the freight railroad scenario. It is also expensive to commission large network deployments to evaluate energy consumption profiles. The problem is compounded when this process has to be repeated for several different communication protocols and channel conditions. The task will be made economically viable and massively scalable with the use of a modular energy model. The philosophy behind our approach is to model the important and contributing constituents of the protocol within each node and also external to the node and then utilize inter-dependencies to connect the individual models. This work is the first step towards a modular energy model for the Hybrid Technology Network, and is also applicable to many other networking approaches. In this work we propose a model design that is capable of predicting the network behavior of nodes in a linear chain-like topology utilizing the ContikiMAC duty cycling protocol for multi-hop communication with the sink node. We have used channel emulation to test hardware nodes in a chain-like topology to validate the model predictions, and present our findings in this paper.
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Yang, Xiaojun, Yingqi Hu, Tianhao Yu, and Zhigang Liu. "Numerical Modeling of Particle Deposition in Turbine Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90739.

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Abstract Impurities ingested in the fuel and air may deposit on the surface of turbine components during the operation of aero engines. The presence of such deposits will change the roughness of the blade surface and even seriously affect the aerodynamic performance of each turbine component and the overall safety of the engine. In this study, a new deposition prediction model was developed, which utilizes the User Defined Function (UDF) of Fluent and mesh reconstruction technique to simulate the long-term accumulation of deposition on a nozzle guide vane. Based on the critical viscosity model and the critical velocity model, considering the elasticity and viscosity of particles, some improvements to the model were proposed. The shear removal of individual particles and bulk deposits have been considered in the new deposition model. The simulation result of deposition distribution was verified by comparing with the experimental results obtained under the low temperature wax deposition. Its consistency and problems were also discussed. Subsequently, the increase of deposition thickness with time was shown. The effects of the detachment model and free flow temperature on the deposition distribution were studied. The results show that the deposition at the leading edge of turbine vanes increases fastest with time. The deposition distribution may be more accurate if the detachment model is taken into account. The amount of deposition on the vane pressure surface and stagnation line will increase with the increase of free flow temperature.
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Reports on the topic "Life Change Events [MESH]"

1

Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.

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Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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