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Journal articles on the topic 'Life Change Events [MESH]'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Siqueira, José Ricardo, and Valdo da Silva Marques. "Tracking and short-term forecasting of mesoscale convective cloud clusters over southeast Brazil using satellite infrared imagery." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 71, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19050.

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This paper presents the tracking and short-term forecasting of mesoscale convective cloud clusters (CCs) that occurred over southeast Brazil and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean during 2009–17. These events produce intense rainfall and severe storms that impact agriculture, defence, hydroelectricity and offshore oil production. To identify, track and forecast CCs, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite infrared imagery and the Forecasting and Tracking the Evolution of Cloud Clusters method are used. The forecast performance is investigated by applying statistical analyses between the observed and forecasted CCs’ physical properties. A total of 7139 mesoscale convective CCs were identified, tracked and selected for the short-term forecasting at their maturation phases. The CC tracking showed a high frequency of CCs over the Atlantic Ocean and mainly over continental and coastal southeast Brazil during the wet season. This indicates an important role played by the cold fronts and convective diurnal forcing on the organisation of convective cloudiness over that region. The majority of the CCs reached their maturation phases within the first 2h of life cycle, which occurred mostly between the late afternoon and evening. The CCs had short lifetimes and were predominantly in meso-β scales, followed by meso-α convective CCs. The CCs showed cloud-top temperatures typical of clouds with strong vertical development and potential to produce rainfall. The short-term forecasting of CCs at their maturation phases revealed different behaviours of the statistical indices with forecast range. For the 30–60-min timeframe, the forecasts performed relatively well. For longer forecast lead times (90–120min), the forecasts overestimated the occurrences, intensities and growth of the CCs and forecasted the CCs to be further north and east of their actual observed locations. Overall, our results may contribute to improving the forecast quality of these intense weather events.

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2

Kaufmann, P., F. Schubiger, and P. Binder. "Precipitation forecasting by a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model: eight years of experience." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 6 (December 31, 2003): 812–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-812-2003.

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Abstract. The Swiss Model, a hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model, has been used at MeteoSwiss for operational forecasting at the meso-beta scale (mesh-size 14 km) from 1994 until 2001. The quality of the quantitative precipitation forecasts is evaluated for the eight years of operation. The seasonal precipitation over Switzerland and its dependence on altitude is examined for both model forecasts and observations using the Swiss rain gauge network sampling daily precipitation at over 400 stations for verification. The mean diurnal cycle of precipitation is verified against the automatic surface observation network on the basis of hourly recordings. In winter, there is no diurnal forcing of precipitation and the modelled precipitation agrees with the observed values. In summer, the convection in the model starts too early, overestimates the amount of precipitation and is too short-lived. Skill scores calculated for six-hourly precipitation sums show a constant level of performance over the model life cycle. Dry and wet seasons influence the model performance more than the model changes during its operational period. The comprehensive verification of the model precipitation is complemented by the discussion of a number of heavy rain events investigated during the RAPHAEL project. The sensitivities to a number of model components are illustrated, namely the driving boundary fields, the internal partitioning of parameterised and grid-scale precipitation, the advection scheme and the vertical resolution. While a small impact of the advection scheme had to be expected, the increasing overprediction of rain with increasing vertical resolution in the RAPHAEL case studies was larger than previously thought. The frequent update of the boundary conditions enhances the positioning of the rain in the model. Keywords: numerical weather prediction, quantitative precipitation forecast, model verification

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3

Campbell, Monica L., Peter J. Clarke, and David A. Keith. "Seed traits and seed bank longevity of wet sclerophyll forest shrubs." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 2 (2012): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11261.

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In wet sclerophyll forests seedling recruitment either occurs after intermittent fire events or continuously during intervals between fires in gaps created by small-scale disturbances. The dormancy and dispersal characteristics of seeds will influence how plant species exploit these contrasting recruitment opportunities. For example, long-lived seed banks may be crucial for persistence of species that are unable to recruit during intervals between fires if the length of fire intervals exceeds the life span of standing plants (senescence risk). To better understand mechanisms of population persistence during prolonged absence of fire in montane wet sclerophyll forests, we studied seed bank dynamics in four understorey species. We chose two species thought to have fire event-driven recruitment, Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola (Proteaceae) and Goodia lotifolia (Fabaceae), and two species that are thought to have canopy gap-phase recruitment, Trochocarpa laurina (Ericaceae) and Tasmannia stipitata (Winteraceae). We measured seed rain, seed bank density and used seeds buried in nylon mesh bags to estimate rates of seed decay in the soil over time. All species produced a substantial seed crop on an annual basis. The annual seed crop in three species (G. lotifolia, T. stipitata and T. laurina) was released in a dormant state and developed a persistent seed bank, while one species (B. integrifolia) lacked dormancy and rapidly germinated under laboratory and field conditions. Seed bank characteristics of G. lotifolia appear to promote episodic recruitment after large landscape-scale fires, those of B. integrifolia appear to promote more continuous recruitment in response to smaller fires and other disturbances that avoid widespread mortality of established plants, while seed bank characteristics of T. stipitata and T. laurina may facilitate both episodic and continuous recruitment under respective types of disturbance. The four species appeared to have varied vulnerabilities and mechanisms for reducing immaturity risk and senescence risk to persistence of their populations under recurrent disturbance. Dormancy, seed bank longevity and seed rain are likely to be useful syndromes for predicting the response of wet sclerophyll forest understorey species to changed disturbance regimes.

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4

Albrecht, Stan L., and Marie Cornwall. "Life Events and Religious Change." Review of Religious Research 31, no. 1 (September 1989): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511021.

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5

NEWCOMB, MICHAEL D., G. J. HUBA, and P. M. BENTLER. "Life Change Events among Adolescents." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 174, no. 5 (May 1986): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198605000-00004.

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6

Favero, Vittorio, Christian Bacci, Andrea Volpato, Michela Bandiera, Lorenzo Favero, and Gastone Zanette. "Pregnancy and Dentistry: A Literature Review on Risk Management during Dental Surgical Procedures." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9040046.

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Background: Pregnancy is a unique moment in a woman’s life, accompanied with several physiologic changes that have an impact on oral health. Aim of the study: The purpose of the present study was to conduct a critical review of published literature regarding pregnancy and dentistry, the most frequent oral diseases that are encountered during pregnancy, their correlation to adverse pregnancy events, and safe dental treatments that can be performed during pregnancy. Methods: A Medline/COCHRANE search was carried using specific keywords and MeSH terms, combined with the boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. Results: The search led to 146 publications including guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic and non-systematic reviews, published between 2000 and 2021. Discussion and conclusions: Due to the increased inflammatory and immune body response that characterizes pregnancy, periodontal conditions are often aggravated during pregnancy and periodontal disease encountered frequently in pregnant patients. There are conflicting study results in the literature regarding the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontal treatment did not show a significant reduction in the adverse outcomes. Many dentists, often due to lack of information, are reluctant to provide dental treatment to pregnant women. However, preventive and restorative dental treatment is safe during pregnancy. Diagnostic radiographs may be performed after the first trimester if absolutely necessary. Analgesics (such as paracetamol) and anesthetics (such as lidocaine) are also considered safe. In case of infection, antibacterial drugs such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and some cephalosporines and macrolides can also be prescribed. Organogenesis takes place in the first trimester, the time during which the fetus is susceptible to severe malformations (teratogenesis). The ideal time to perform dental treatment is the second trimester (week 17 to 28). However, acute pain or infections make the intervention of the dentist absolutely necessary and emergency treatment can be performed during the whole pregnancy period.

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7

Bleidorn, Wiebke, Christopher J. Hopwood, and Richard E. Lucas. "Life Events and Personality Trait Change." Journal of Personality 86, no. 1 (December 3, 2016): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12286.

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8

Miller, Patrick. "Life change events research: 1966–1978." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 29, no. 2 (January 1985): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(85)90045-5.

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9

Leventhal, Howard. "Review of Life Change, Life Events and Illness: Selected Papers." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 9 (September 1990): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029068.

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10

Broering, Jeanette M., and Charles E. Irwin. "Juvenile Status Offenders' Perceptions of Life Change Events." Psychiatric Annals 17, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19871201-12.

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11

Engberg, Elina, Markku Alen, Katriina Kukkonen-Harjula, Juha E. Peltonen, Heikki O. Tikkanen, and Heikki Pekkarinen. "Life Events and Change in Leisure Time Physical Activity." Sports Medicine 42, no. 5 (May 2012): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11597610-000000000-00000.

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12

Duncan, Alison, Richard Azurdia, and Julian Verbov. "How life events change patients' perspectives of their conditions." BMJ 329, no. 7459 (July 22, 2004): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7459.229.

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13

Glickman, Linda, Michael Hubbard, Timothy Liveright, and José A. Valciukas. "Fall-off in Reporting Life Events: Effects of Life Change, Desirability, and Anticipation." Behavioral Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 1990): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08964289.1990.9934589.

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14

Dowling Næss, Fiona J. "Life Events and Curriculum Change: The Life History of a Norwegian Physical Educator." European Physical Education Review 2, no. 1 (April 1996): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x9600200105.

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15

Sexton, Harold. "Process, life events, and symptomatic change in brief eclectic psychotherapy." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64, no. 6 (December 1996): 1358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.64.6.1358.

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16

Hill, J., E. E. Popova, D. A. Ham, M. D. Piggott, and M. Srokosz. "Adapting to life: ocean biogeochemical modelling and adaptive remeshing." Ocean Science 10, no. 3 (May 9, 2014): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-323-2014.

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Abstract. An outstanding problem in biogeochemical modelling of the ocean is that many of the key processes occur intermittently at small scales, such as the sub-mesoscale, that are not well represented in global ocean models. This is partly due to their failure to resolve sub-mesoscale phenomena, which play a significant role in vertical nutrient supply. Simply increasing the resolution of the models may be an inefficient computational solution to this problem. An approach based on recent advances in adaptive mesh computational techniques may offer an alternative. Here the first steps in such an approach are described, using the example of a simple vertical column (quasi-1-D) ocean biogeochemical model. We present a novel method of simulating ocean biogeochemical behaviour on a vertically adaptive computational mesh, where the mesh changes in response to the biogeochemical and physical state of the system throughout the simulation. We show that the model reproduces the general physical and biological behaviour at three ocean stations (India, Papa and Bermuda) as compared to a high-resolution fixed mesh simulation and to observations. The use of an adaptive mesh does not increase the computational error, but reduces the number of mesh elements by a factor of 2–3. Unlike previous work the adaptivity metric used is flexible and we show that capturing the physical behaviour of the model is paramount to achieving a reasonable solution. Adding biological quantities to the adaptivity metric further refines the solution. We then show the potential of this method in two case studies where we change the adaptivity metric used to determine the varying mesh sizes in order to capture the dynamics of chlorophyll at Bermuda and sinking detritus at Papa. We therefore demonstrate that adaptive meshes may provide a suitable numerical technique for simulating seasonal or transient biogeochemical behaviour at high vertical resolution whilst minimising the number of elements in the mesh. More work is required to move this to fully 3-D simulations.

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17

Mesa, Ruben A., Ronald Hoffman, Heidi E. Kosiorek, Josef T. Prchal, Claire N. Harrison, Mary Frances McMullin, Abdulraheem Yacoub, et al. "Impact on MPN Symptoms and Quality of Life of Front Line Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a Vs. Hydroxyurea in High Risk Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia: Interim Analysis Results of Myeloproliferative Disorders Research Consortium (MPD-RC) 112 Global Phase III Trial." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4271.4271.

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Abstract Background: Patients (pts) with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) suffer from disease related events linked to risk of vascular events, splenomegaly, progression to myelofibrosis/acute leukemia, and disease related symptoms arising from both elevated cytokines and issues of vascular flow. Impact of front line therapy on ET/PV symptoms has not been reported in a systematic fashion. Methods: MPD-RC 112 trial (NCT01258856) enrolled cytoreductive therapy naïve (hydroxyurea [HU] <3 mo) pts with high risk ET or PV within 3 years of diagnosis. Pts were randomized (1:1, stratified by ET vs PV) to either response adjusted pegylated interferon alpha 2a (PEG) or HU. MPN symptoms, treatment toxicities, and quality of life (QoL) were measured by the MPN-SAF and EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo. PEG related toxicities were assessed with 5 questions on PEG arm only. European Leukemia Net (ELN) complete hematological responses (CHR) at 12 mo were determined by central blinded review. Individual time point and longitudinal group comparisons were based on mixed models adjusting for age. T-tests were used to compare change scores at 12 mo between pts with and without CHR. Results: Patients: MPD-RC 112 enrolled 168 pts from 9/2011 to 7/2016, with 75 pts included in the interim analysis. 73 (97%; HU 37, 95%; PEG 36, 100%) completed surveys at baseline of which 66 (90%; HU 30, 81%; PEG 36, 100%) completed at least 1 survey during treatment. Median age was 60 (range 19-84) with 32 (44%) females; 30 (41%) / 43 (59%) with ET / PV; 19 (26%) had a history of thrombosis; and 16 (22%) had palpable spleen. Baseline characteristics where balanced between arms with the exception of age (median age: HU 66, PEG 54; p<0.001). Baseline Symptom Burden/QoL: Mean MPN-SAF Total Symptom Score (TSS, scale 0 [absent]-100 [worst imaginable]) was 15.4 (SD 12.5; range 0-52.2) with means of 12.6 (SD 11.7) / 17.3 (SD 12.7) for ET / PV which were somewhat better than reported means of a previous cohort receiving any line of treatment (ET mean 18.7, SD 15.3; PV mean 21.8, SD 16.3; Emanuel RM, JCO 2012). Symptoms (scale 0 [absent]-10 [worst imaginable]) with the highest prevalence (score >0) included fatigue (65/73, 89%) and insomnia (47/73, 64%). The symptom with the lowest prevalence was fever (8/72, 11%). Mean QLQ-C30 global health status/QoL (GHS/QoL) was 73.3 (SD 19.1) which is comparable to a general healthy population (mean 71.2, SD 22.4) and better than a general cancer population (mean 61.3, SD 24.2; QLQ-C30 Reference Manual 2008). TSS, symptoms, and QoL did not differ between arms. Impact of Therapy on Symptom Burden/QoL: On HU, pts initially experienced worsening of TSS, fatigue, early satiety, itching, bone pain, and fever (all p<0.05) with some symptoms returning to baseline after 6 mo (Table 1). On PEG, pts experienced improved abdominal pain and discomfort, but worsening of headache, cough, injection site irritation, blurry vision, and vision change (all p<0.05). Sad mood did not worsen on PEG, although this may be confounded by concurrent use of mood stabilizers. Concentration problems on PEG were significantly worse at 9 mo (p=0.04). Both arms experienced worsened QoL (MPN-SAF single item: HU p=0.009, PEG p=0.003). In comparing between arms, TSS significantly differed (p=0.009) with higher symptoms on HU vs PEG at 3 and 6 mo, but lower symptoms at 9 and 12 mo (Figure 1). Similar descriptive profiles were observed for most individual symptoms; however, the only symptom profiles which significantly differed between arms was early satiety (p=0.03). ELN Response and Symptom Burden/QoL: Among 62 pts with symptom and response data at 12 mo, CHR rate was 37% (23/62). Change in sad mood and sexuality were the only significant differences between pts with and without CHR regardless of arm though in the unanticipated direction (sad mood: mean change 1.5 vs -0.8, p<0.001; sexuality: mean change 2.33 vs 0.3, p=0.03). Conclusions: PEG was associated with an initial decrease in MPN symptom burden when compared to HU. However, with longer duration of therapy, this superiority dissipated. Patient-reported PEG toxicities worsened over time. On both arms, symptom worsening was observed in pts achieving an ELN CHR, possibly leading to the observed negative impact on mood and sexuality. Future research on the impact of PEG on disease progression and molecular features will be important to assess whether increased side effects with PEG are justified. Disclosures Mesa: CTI: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Galena: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Harrison:Incyte Corporation: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Baxaltra: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. McMullin:Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Yacoub:Alexion: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Kiladjian:Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; AOP Orphan: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Mead:Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kessler:Pfizer: Consultancy; Octapharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Research Funding; Grifols: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Biogen: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Baxalta: Consultancy, Research Funding; LFB: Other: Member of DSMB. Ritchie:Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Arian: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Speakers Bureau. Schlenk:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding. Mascarenhas:Promedior: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; CTI Biopharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Other: DSMB , Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Incyte: Other: Clinical Trial Steereing Committee, Research Funding.

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18

Sato, Mikihiro, Jeremy S. Jordan, and Daniel C. Funk. "Distance Running Events and Life Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Sport Management 29, no. 4 (July 2015): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0164.

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The current study examines whether a distance running event has the capacity to promote participants’ life satisfaction. The construct of psychological involvement was used to investigate the impact of attitude change through event preparation and subsequent activity. Data were collected four times through online surveys from running event participants (N = 211) over a five-month period. Latent growth modeling analyses revealed that participants’ life satisfaction peaked immediately after the event before receding, indicating that event participation exerted a positive impact on participants’ evaluations toward their lives. A positive significant association was also found between change in pleasure in running and change in life satisfaction. Findings from this study provide empirical support that a distance running event can serve as an environmental determinant that enhances participants’ life satisfaction by providing positive experiences through event participation and forming psychological involvement in physical activity.

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19

Hill, J., E. E. Popova, D. A. Ham, M. D. Piggott, and M. Srokosz. "Adapting to life: ocean biogeochemical modelling and adaptive remeshing." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 6 (November 5, 2013): 1997–2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1997-2013.

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Abstract. An outstanding problem in biogeochemical modelling of the ocean is that many of the key processes occur intermittently at small scales, such as the sub-mesoscale, that are not well represented in global ocean models. As an example, state-of-the-art models give values of primary production approximately two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the ocean's oligotrophic gyres, which cover a third of the Earth's surface. This is partly due to their failure to resolve sub-mesoscale phenomena, which play a significant role in nutrient supply. Simply increasing the resolution of the models may be an inefficient computational solution to this problem. An approach based on recent advances in adaptive mesh computational techniques may offer an alternative. Here the first steps in such an approach are described, using the example of a~simple vertical column (quasi 1-D) ocean biogeochemical model. We present a novel method of simulating ocean biogeochemical behaviour on a vertically adaptive computational mesh, where the mesh changes in response to the biogeochemical and physical state of the system throughout the simulation. We show that the model reproduces the general physical and biological behaviour at three ocean stations (India, Papa and Bermuda) as compared to a high-resolution fixed mesh simulation and to observations. The simulations capture both the seasonal and inter-annual variations. The use of an adaptive mesh does not increase the computational error, but reduces the number of mesh elements by a factor of 2–3, so reducing computational overhead. We then show the potential of this method in two case studies where we change the metric used to determine the varying mesh sizes in order to capture the dynamics of chlorophyll at Bermuda and sinking detritus at Papa. We therefore demonstrate adaptive meshes may provide a~suitable numerical technique for simulating seasonal or transient biogeochemical behaviour at high spatial resolution whilst minimising computational cost.

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20

Fünfgeld, Christian, Margit Stehle, Brigit Henne, Jan Kaufhold, Dirk Watermann, Markus Grebe, and Mathias Mengel. "Quality of Life, Sexuality, Anatomical Results and Side-effects of Implantation of an Alloplastic Mesh for Cystocele Correction at Follow-up after 36 Months." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 77, no. 09 (September 2017): 993–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-116857.

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Abstract Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse can significantly reduce quality of life of affected women, with many cases requiring corrective surgery. The rate of recurrence is relatively high after conventional prolapse surgery. In recent years, alloplastic meshes have increasingly been implanted to stabilize the pelvic floor, which has led to considerable improvement of anatomical results. But the potential for mesh-induced risks has led to a controversial discussion on the use of surgical meshes in urogynecology. The impact of cystocele correction and implantation of an alloplastic mesh on patientsʼ quality of life/sexuality and the long-term stability of this approach were investigated. Method In a large prospective multicenter study, 289 patients with symptomatic cystocele underwent surgery with implantation of a titanized polypropylene mesh (TiLOOP® Total 6, pfm medical ag) and followed up for 36 months. Both primary procedures and procedures for recurrence were included in the study. Anatomical outcomes were quantified using the POP-Q system. Quality of life including sexuality were assessed using the German version of the validated P-QoL questionnaire. All adverse events were assessed by an independent clinical event committee. Results Mean patient age was 67 ± 8 years. Quality of life improved significantly over the course of the study in all investigated areas, including sexuality and personal relationships (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). The number of adverse events which occurred in the period between 12 and 36 months after surgery was low, with just 22 events reported. The recurrence rate for the anterior compartment was 4.5%. Previous or concomitant hysterectomy increased the risk of recurrence in the posterior compartment 2.8-fold and increased the risk of erosion 2.25-fold. Conclusion Cystocele correction using a 2nd generation alloplastic mesh achieved good anatomical and functional results in cases requiring stabilization of the pelvic floor and in patients with recurrence. The rate of recurrence was low, the patientsʼ quality of life improved significantly, and the risks were acceptable.

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Grimm, Kevin, and Katerina Marcoulides. "Individual change and the timing and onset of important life events." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 1 (April 16, 2015): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415580806.

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Researchers are often interested in studying how the timing of a specific event affects concurrent and future development. When faced with such research questions there are multiple statistical models to consider and those models are the focus of this paper as well as their theoretical underpinnings and assumptions regarding the nature of the effect of the event on the developmental process. We discuss three models, all variants of growth models specified within the multilevel modeling framework, which conceptualize the developmental process and the effect of the event in different ways. These models include the growth model with a time-invariant covariate, the growth model with a time-varying covariate, and the spline growth model. After discussing the models in detail, we applied these models to longitudinal data from the Berkeley Growth Study to examine cognitive changes during infancy and the effect of independent sitting on those changes. Results suggest that research conclusions depend on the model chosen and how certain results can be misconstrued unless the model accurately reflects the research questions. Recommendations and additional non-traditional models are discussed.

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22

Allender, S., L. Hutchinson, and C. Foster. "Life-change events and participation in physical activity: a systematic review." Health Promotion International 23, no. 2 (January 16, 2008): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dan012.

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23

Flannery, Raymond B. "Global vs. Restricted negative measure of life change events: Methodological inquiry." Journal of Clinical Psychology 41, no. 5 (September 1985): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198509)41:5<598::aid-jclp2270410503>3.0.co;2-m.

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Riese, Harriëtte, Harold Snieder, Bertus F. Jeronimus, Tellervo Korhonen, Richard J. Rose, Jaakko Kaprio, and Johan Ormel. "Timing of Stressful Life Events Affects Stability and Change of Neuroticism." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 2 (March 2014): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1929.

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Neuroticism is a predictor of many health problems. To study the determinants of within–subject change in neuroticism, three hypotheses were tested: (i) subjects who experienced stressful life events (SLEs) show an increase in neuroticism; (ii) high baseline neuroticism moderated this effect; and (iii) recent SLEs had a greater impact on neuroticism than distant SLEs. Data came from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Neuroticism data were collected in 1975 and 1981 and SLEs data in 1981 (n = 21 085). By entering baseline neuroticism as a predictor for neuroticism at follow–up, the outcome measure was change in neuroticism. Changes in neuroticism were predicted from SLE indices or their interaction with baseline neuroticism. Timing of SLEs was taken into account by distinguishing recent from distant SLEs. To control for confounding by shared genes and environments, both within–twin pair and between–twin pair effects were tested for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs separately. Neuroticism's six–year stability was high (r = .58, p < .001). Exposure to SLEs modestly increased neuroticism (βs > .55, ps < .001), unconfounded by shared genes. This effect was not moderated by high baseline neuroticism. Recent SLEs (.09 < βs < .15) had more impact than distant SLEs (.03 < βs < .11; ps < .01). In conclusion, the findings strongly supported a model of environmentally driven SLEs causing dynamic fluctuations around a person's set point of neuroticism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Parker, Sharon D. "ACCIDENT or Suicide ? Do Life Change Events Lead to Adolescent Suicide?" Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 26, no. 6 (June 1988): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19880601-06.

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26

Jackson, Joshua J., and Emorie D. Beck. "Personality Development Beyond the Mean: Do Life Events Shape Personality Variability, Structure, and Ipsative Continuity?" Journals of Gerontology: Series B 76, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa093.

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Abstract Objectives Life experiences are thought to prompt changes in personality. However, existing studies find few replicable mean-level changes in personality following life events. The focus on mean-level change may obscure other types of personality change that are not routinely studied in the context of life events. These are variability in response, structural, and ipsative change. Methods The current proposal examines whether major life events (e.g., divorce and job loss) affect these 3 understudied types of personality trait change using 3 waves of Big Five trait data in a large-scale, representative longitudinal study (German Socioeconomic Panel Study, N = 16,368). Structural equation models compare those who had an event to their prior self and a control group who did not experience the event. Results Life events were found to have mostly null or small effects on variability in response, structural, and ipsative change. Across 2 types of tests for variability in response, few replications occurred. The only consistent effect across 3 types of change was for mental health events, which served to increase variance in all Big Five traits and increase consistency in ipsative profiles. Discussion Life events tend not to affect these novel metrics of personality trait change. The one exception of mental health events is consistent with previous literature on mean-level change. Overall, life events do not appear to by major catalysts of personality change, regardless of how change is defined.

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Metha, Arlene, and Ellen Hawley McWhirter. "Suicide Ideation, Depression, and Stressful Life Events among Gifted Adolescents." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 20, no. 3 (April 1997): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329702000306.

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Differences in life-change events, life stress, depression, and suicide ideation were investigated in a mixed-ethnic sample of gifted (n = 34) and nongifted (n = 38) urban junior high school students. Results indicated that gifted students reported experiencing significantly fewer life-change events. The perceived stressfulness of the life-change events, levels of depression, and suicide ideation were similar among gifted and nongifted participants. Suicide ideation among the entire sample was significantly and positively correlated both with level of depression and with levels of past and recent stress. Recent stress and use of drugs or alcohol significantly predicted suicide ideation. Implications for counseling and for future research are discussed.

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Orrell, Martin, and Paul Bebbington. "Life events and senile dementia. I. Admission, deterioration and social environment change." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 2 (March 1995): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700036278.

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SynopsisThis study examines the frequency of life events before admission and before deterioration in 70 dementia patients, in comparison with 50 dementia controls living in the community and 50 fit elderly people matched for age and sex. We hypothesized that there would be an excess of events connoting changes in routine and the social environment. Specific scales were developed to measure these aspects of events. Our results supported the initial hypothesis, confirming that it is the social disruptiveness of change rather than the threat implied by life events that is associated with deterioration. The findings are discussed in the light of current models of the dementia process.

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Luhmann, Maike, Ulrich Orth, Jule Specht, Christian Kandler, and Richard E. Lucas. "Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's about Time." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 3 (May 2014): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1951.

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Most theories of personality development posit that changes in life circumstances (e.g. due to major life events) can lead to changes in personality, but few studies have examined the exact time course of these changes. In this article, we argue that time needs to be considered explicitly in theories and empirical studies on personality development. We discuss six notions on the role of time in personality development. First, people can differ before the event. Second, change can be non–linear and discontinuous. Third, change can be reversible. Fourth, change can occur before the event. Fifth, control groups are needed to disentangle age–related and event–related changes. Sixth, we need to move beyond examining single major life events and study the effects of non–normative events, non–events, multiple events, and minor events on personality. We conclude by summarizing the methodological and theoretical implications of these notions. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Cooke, David J. "Psychosocial Vulnerability to Life Events during the Climacteric." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 1 (July 1985): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.1.71.

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SummaryThe mid-life period is regarded as a period of profound physical and psychosocial change for women. Psychological disturbance at this time has been associated with discrete life events. The influence of other psychosocial variables on psychological disturbance is examined in a general population sample. Five psychosocial variables are shown to have a relationship with psychological disturbance, either in conjunction with or independently of life events. The implications of these findings for the understanding of psychological disturbance at this time are discussed.

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Morales-Vives, F., and L. E. R. Blackie. "Stability and change in personality across time and non-normative life events." Personality and Individual Differences 60 (April 2014): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.366.

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Canty-Mitchell, Janie. "Life Change Events, Hope, and Self-care Agency in Inner-City Adolescents." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 14, no. 1 (January 2001): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2001.tb00285.x.

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Thoma, Martha E., Marilyn Hockenberry-Eaton, and Virginia Kemp. "Life Change Events and Coping Behaviors in Families of Children With Cancer." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 10, no. 3 (January 1993): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104345429301000306.

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Bieliauskas, Linas A., Michael A. Counte, and Gerald L. Glandon. "Inventorying stressing life events as related to health change in the elderly." Stress Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1995): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460110117.

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Burks, Nancy, and Barclay Martin. "Everyday Problems and Life Change Events: Ongoing versus Acute Sources of Stress." Journal of Human Stress 11, no. 1 (March 1985): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0097840x.1985.9936735.

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Vincenzi, Simone, Marc Mangel, Dusan Jesensek, John Carlos Garza, and Alain J. Crivelli. "Genetic and life-history consequences of extreme climate events." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1848 (February 8, 2017): 20162118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2118.

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Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. Tests on empirical data of theory-based predictions on the consequences of extreme climate events are thus necessary to understand the adaptive potential of species and the overarching risks associated with all aspects of climate change. We tested predictions on the genetic and life-history consequences of extreme climate events in two populations of marble trout Salmo marmoratus that have experienced severe demographic bottlenecks due to flash floods. We combined long-term field and genotyping data with pedigree reconstruction in a theory-based framework. Our results show that after flash floods, reproduction occurred at a younger age in one population. In both populations, we found the highest reproductive variance in the first cohort born after the floods due to a combination of fewer parents and higher early survival of offspring. A small number of parents allowed for demographic recovery after the floods, but the genetic bottleneck further reduced genetic diversity in both populations. Our results also elucidate some of the mechanisms responsible for a greater prevalence of faster life histories after the extreme event.

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Olsen-Kettle, Louise, Hans Mühlhaus, and Christian Baillard. "A study of localization limiters and mesh dependency in earthquake rupture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1910 (January 13, 2010): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0190.

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No complete physically consistent model of earthquake rupture exists that can fully describe the rich hierarchy of scale dependencies and nonlinearities associated with earthquakes. We study mesh sensitivity in numerical models of earthquake rupture and demonstrate that this mesh sensitivity may provide hidden clues to the underlying physics generating the rich dynamics associated with earthquake rupture. We focus on unstable slip events that occur in earthquakes when rupture is associated with frictional weakening of the fault. Attempts to simulate these phenomena directly by introducing the relevant constitutive behaviour leads to mesh-dependent results, where the deformation localizes in one element, irrespective of size. Interestingly, earthquake models with oversized mesh elements that are ill-posed in the continuum limit display more complex and realistic physics. Until now, the mesh-dependency problem has been regarded as a red herring—but have we overlooked an important clue arising from the mesh sensitivity? We analyse spatial discretization errors introduced into models with oversized meshes to show how the governing equations may change because of these error terms and give rise to more interesting physics.

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Orrell, Martin, and Paul Bebbington. "Life Events and Senile Dementia Affective Symptoms." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 5 (May 1995): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.5.613.

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BackgroundPrevious research in the elderly has linked threatening life events with depression. Dementia sufferers are known to be sensitive to stressful changes in their daily life such as relocation. This study investigates whether threatening life events are associated with depressive symptoms in dementia sufferers.MethodUsing the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, this study examined life events before admission in a group of 70 dementia patients compared with two control groups: dementia sufferers in the community and mentally fit elderly people matched for age and sex.ResultsLife events with severe threat were not significantly more frequent in the dementia patients than in two control groups. However, depressive symptoms in the dementia sufferers were significantly associated with independent severe life events. This strong association was maintained when a multivariate analysis was used to control for the effects of other social factors and severity of cognitive impairment. This association appears to be specific to the threat aspect of life events since there was no association between depressive symptoms and events relating to change in the social environment.ConclusionIn dementia sufferers, threatening life events are associated with depressive symptoms. This means that dementia sufferers are responsive to stress in the same way as cognitively intact individuals, and clinicians need to be more aware of the social influences on them.

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Danylova, V. Ye. "Life events and artistic events. Outstanding characteristics and common features." Aspects of Historical Musicology 14, no. 14 (September 15, 2018): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-14.01.

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In recent decades, within the boundaries of postclassical culture, the concept of “event”, which has long been actively used both in everyday life and in scientific discourse, acquires new meanings and is realized in innovative forms. In this regard, it becomes necessary to highlight an “artistic event” as a cultural creative technology, which is becoming widespread in the development of postclassical culture, and study the role of “special artistic event” in the modern process of functioning of global and local cultures. Objectives. The aim of the article is to conceptualize events in the artistic and empirical reality and identify the conditions of their convergence. Research methodology. The author applies the method of terminological analysis for the insight into the concept of “event” in the empirical and artistic reality. The article provides a detailed application of philosophical and culturological method whereby the event is seen as sociocultural phenomenon; psychoanalytical method for the analysis of the impact of life events on the emotional state of a man; the methods of analysis and synthesis to determine the existence conditions of the events in the empirical and artistic reality; structural and comparative method that has permitted to reveal the basic elements in the structure of an artistic event and its difference from an empirical event. Results. The development trends of artistic practices in the post-classical culture convey the blending of the mundane and the social, cultural plan, the destruction of boundaries between the life and the artistic, the ability to create the events that can be classified both as empirical evidence and as an artistic act. All these properties are included in actionism as a form of modern art. The events that are created within this trend have the character of artistic events: the organization of action, the presence of the author, ideological content, focus on the target audience, publicity. At the same time such an event occurs in the empirical reality of an object (objects) that it is designed to. Such an event affects a human being (society) very seriously, introducing new concepts (ideas, images) into the outlook. These effects can be both positive and negative, aesthetic as well as anti-aesthetic. A classification of events according to the level of subjectivity has been developed, which includes such concepts as “micro-event”, “event”, “special event” and “special artistic event”. In any case, a person that perceives a creative product of actionism experiences life events that affect and sometimes change his mental nature, behaviour, emotional state. The author of such event can be any person who needs and has a desire to introduce the idea into the socio-cultural environment. “Micro-event” is a familiar action to an individual. It develops the course of everyday life and does not require the analysis and the search for interpretations. Micro-events occur as a result of natural changes that are logical in the given circumstances of human actions, which are part of the framework of everyday existence. “Event” is an act, as the result of which a person experiences changes in his/ her internal and external environment. The result of the event is always a change in the internal state, the break up, forming new views, gaining new knowledge. “Special event” is an action organized for the purpose of achieving certain goals through direct influence on the subject’s consciousness. A “special event” always has a specific initiator and a certain level of organization, that is, it cannot happen by chance, even if the subject perceives it in such a way. An individual can be both the author of a “special event” and the subject on which it is directed. In the latter case, it can be said that a “special event” has occurred if there has been an internal process of comprehension and certain indoctrination, characteristic of the “event” in general. That is, the mechanism of human perception of a random natural “event” or deterministic by another individual remains unchanged. “Special artistic event” is an action organized for the purpose of achieving certain goals, through the direct influence on the subject’s consciousness using artistic methods. The purpose of creating a “special artistic event” is to unite groups of people, introduce new ones and maintain the conventional value paradigms during a certain action. That is, a “special artistic event” cannot be organized solely for aesthetic reasons, cannot represent value in and of itself, in the isolation from the information and emotional innate content. “Special artistic events” contain significant creative potential; they can be used as an instrument for developing a dialogue between social and cultural groups, for the creation of united global communities based on common axiological guidelines. Conclusions. The reason for the rapid spread of ideas embodied in “special artistic events” is the principle of an action, based on an emotional rather than rational piece of information. Symbolic, nonverbal elucidation of the ideological component is the most productive tool for influencing and interrelating with broad audiences. Since “special artistic events” are now a powerful, effective tool for advancing ideas and forming values, it is important to use their potential for designing and introducing into the culture of socially significant values and paradigms. Their scope extends to the entire field of culture: the author confirms this fact by considering the most important aspects of socio-cultural life, in which “special artistic events” are realized. The dominant feature that distinguishes a “special event” from a “special artistic event” is the artistic and symbolic component, the presence of which indicates the relation of the latter to artistic reality, at the same time it has synchronous unfolding in the everyday reality. Novelty. An attempt is made at identifying the differences of events in the empirical and artistic reality and considering the aspects of their convergence in terms of the post-classical culture. The practical significance. The obtained results make it possible to establish the basis for further reflection of the concept “event”. The findings in this paper can be used in pedagogical and educational practice while preparing the general and specialized courses in cultural studies, art criticism, directing mass festivals.

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KESSING, L. V., E. AGERBO, and P. B. MORTENSEN. "Does the impact of major stressful life events on the risk of developing depression change throughout life?" Psychological Medicine 33, no. 7 (September 25, 2003): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703007852.

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Background. It is unclear whether there is an interaction of ageing on the association between major life events and onset of depression.Method. This was a population-based nested case–control study with linkage of the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and the Integrated Database for Longitudinal Labour Market Research. The study includes data on all admissions at psychiatric wards in Denmark from 1981 to 1998 and data on sociodemographic variables and death/suicide of first-degree relatives.Results. A total of 13006 patients who received a diagnosis of depression at the first ever admission at a psychiatric ward and a gender- and age-matched control group of 260108 subjects were identified. A recent divorce and recent unemployment and suicide of a relative (mother, father, sibling, child, spouse) were associated with increased risk of being admitted for the first time ever at a psychiatric ward with a diagnosis of depression whereas death of a relative by causes other than suicide years had no significant effect. In general, no interaction was found with age with any of the variables, totally, or for men or women, separately.Conclusions. The susceptibility to major life stressors does not seem to change throughout life.

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Lüdtke, Oliver, Brent W. Roberts, Ulrich Trautwein, and Gabriel Nagy. "A random walk down university avenue: Life paths, life events, and personality trait change at the transition to university life." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101, no. 3 (2011): 620–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023743.

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Bush, Diane Mitsch, Thomas H. Holmes, and Ella M. David. "Life Change Events Research 1966-1978: An Annotated Bibliography of the Periodical Literature." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 2 (May 1985): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2070218.

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Penz, Marlene, Clemens Kirschbaum, Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum, Magdalena K. Wekenborg, and Robert Miller. "Stressful life events predict one-year change of leukocyte composition in peripheral blood." Psychoneuroendocrinology 94 (August 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.006.

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Johnson, Jeffrey G. "Event-specific attributions and daily life events as predictors of depression symptom change." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 17, no. 1 (March 1995): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02229202.

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Radosavljević, Vladan R., Slavenka M. Janković, and Jelena M. Marinković. "Stressful life events in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 6 (June 1996): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1340699.

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Radosavljević VR, Janković SM, Marinković JM. Stressful life events in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:699–701. ISSN 0804–4643 A case-control study was conducted in order to assess possible relationships between life events and Graves' disease. The study included 100 newly diagnosed patients with Graves' disease and 100 controls matched with respect to sex, age (±2 years) and type of residence (rural, urban). Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events (a semistructured research interview covering 61 life events) was administered to each subject. In comparison with controls, the patients claimed to have had significantly more life events in the 12 months preceding the diagnosis (p = 0.0001). The following eight life events were significantly more prevalent among patients than controls: change in time spent on work (much overtime work, second job, much less work than usual) (McNemar = 12.04; RR= 7.00;95%CI= 2.35–20.80;p= 0.0001), unemployment for at least 1 month (McNemar = 4.00; RR = 8.00; 95%CI = 1.04–61.39; p = 0.039), arguments with one's superior at work or a coworker (McNemar = 4.50; RR = 3.50; 95%CI = 1.10–11.08; p = 0.031), change in the work conditions (new company division, new chief, large reorganization) (McNemar = 4.26; RR = 4.00; 95%CI = 1.07–14.92; p = 0.035), increased arguments with spouse (McNemar = 6.75; RR = 11.00; 95%CI = 1.82–66.44; p = 0.006), increased arguments with fiancé/fiancée or a steady date (McNemar = 4.00; RR = 8.00; 95%CI = 1.04–61.39; p = 0.039), hospitalization of a family member for serious illness (McNemar = 3.76; RR = 3.25; 95%CI = 1.01–10.68; p = 0.049) and moderate financial difficulties (McNemar = 8.50; RR = 3.25; 95%CI = 1.47–7.16; p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that life events may be a risk factor for Graves' disease. Slavenka Janković, Institute of Epidemiology, Višegradska 26, PO Box 456, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

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Wolff, Julia K., Svenja M. Spuling, Ann-Kristin Beyer, Maja Wiest, and Susanne Wurm. "DO SERIOUS HEALTH EVENTS CHANGE HOW WE VIEW OUR OWN AGING? ON THE ROLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2897.

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Abstract Several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of views on aging (VoA) on health, while the reverse relationship is seldom in focus. Serious health events (e.g., myocardial infarction) are life-threatening and remind individuals of the finitude of life possibly changing their VoA. The present study investigates the effect of cardiovascular events (CVE) on longitudinal changes in VoA using pooled data of three waves of the German Ageing Survey (2008, 2011, 2014, age-range: 40-95 years). To account for alternative explanations, individuals without CVE were matched to the individuals with CVE (n = 202) using a propensity-score-matching approach. Individuals who experienced a CVE showed more adverse changes in three VoA indicators (aging associated with physical losses, ongoing development, felt age) than individuals without CVE. Results show that CVE can change how we view our own aging which in turn affects future health changes. Following a CVE people may benefit from promoting positive VoA.

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Cadenbach-Blome, Tina, Markus Grebe, Mathias Mengel, Friedrich Pauli, Angelika Greser, and Christian Fünfgeld. "Significant Improvement in Quality of Life, Positive Effect on Sexuality, Lasting Reconstructive Result and Low Rate of Complications Following Cystocele Correction Using a Lightweight, Large-Pore, Titanised Polypropylene Mesh." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 79, no. 09 (September 2019): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0984-6614.

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Abstract Introduction Patients who suffer from pelvic organ prolapse can experience severe limitations in their quality of life. To improve the quality of life of women affected and achieve a stable reconstruction, surgical therapy is often indispensable. In conventional prolapse surgery, the rate of recurrence is high. For this reason, alloplastic mesh has been implanted increasingly in recent years to reconstruct the anatomy of the pelvic floor organs. Even if the anatomical result can be significantly improved as a result, the mesh-induced complications have been the subject of controversial discussion. In this national, multicentre study, the quality of life, anatomical result as well as the rate of complications following the implantation of an alloplastic mesh for the correction of a cystocele were investigated. Method Fifty-four patients with symptomatic ≥ grade II were included in this prospective, national, multicentre study. The study participants were implanted with a titanised polypropylene mesh (TiLOOP® PRO A, pfm medical ag). The follow-up observation period was 12 months. Primary as well as repeat procedures were taken into account. The anatomic result of the pelvic floor reconstruction was quantified using the POP-Q system. Data on quality of life and sexuality were collected using validated questionnaires. All complications which occurred were documented and evaluated by an independent committee. Results On average, the patients were in line with the census. An improvement in quality of life was able to be determined during the study in all domains investigated (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Minus incorrect entries and incorrect reports, a total of 19 reports of adverse events in 15 patients were evaluated by the end of the study. The rate of recurrence in the anterior compartment was 4.3%. Conclusion In the reconstruction of the anatomical position of the pelvic floor organs given the presence of a symptomatic cystocele, the implantation of a third-generation alloplastic mesh achieves very good results. Affected patients benefit from the anatomical stability as well as a significant improvement in quality of life, whereby the risks are justifiable.

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Surkan, Pamela J., Kwame S. Sakyi, Alice Hu, Maria T. Olinto, Helen Gonçalves, Bernardo L. Horta, and Denise P. Gigante. "Impact of stressful life events on central adiposity in the Pelotas Birth Cohort." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (May 8, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000161.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate how stressful life events and social support relate to central adiposity in Southern Brazil. METHODS: Data included information from 802 participants in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort that was collect in 2004–2005 and 2006. Stratifying by sex, we studied self-reported stressful life events during the year before 2004–2005 in relation to change in waist circumference between 2004–2005 and 2006 and waist-to-hip ratio in 2006, using both bivariate and multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: In adjusted models, the experience of stressful life events during the year before 2004–2005 predicted a change in waist circumference in 2006 in men and a change in both waist-to-hip ratio in 2006 and waist circumference between 2004–2005 and 2006 in women. Men who experienced two or more stressful events had on average a one centimeter increase in their waist circumference between 2004–2005 and 2006 (β = 0.97, 95%CI 0.02–1.92), compared to those reporting no stressful events. For women, those who had one and those who had two or more stressful life events had over a 1 cm increase in their waist circumference from 2004–2005 to 2006 (β = 1.37, 95%CI 0.17–2.54; β = 1.26, 95%CI 0.11–2.40, respectively), compared to those who did not experience any stressful event. For both sexes, social support level was not significantly related to either waist-to-hip ratio or change in waist circumference, and it did not modify the association between stress and central adiposity

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Epiphaniou, Eleni, and Jane Ogden. "Evaluating the Role of Life Events and Sustaining Conditions in Weight Loss Maintenance." Journal of Obesity 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/859413.

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Background.Recent qualitative research indicates that life events can enhance behaviour change maintenance. if a number of sustaining conditions are met. This study aimed to quantitatively test this theory in the context of weight loss maintenance.Method.Based upon their weight histories participants were classified as either successful () or unsuccessful () dieters and all completed questionnaires relating to life events, choice, the function of eating and exercise and the model of their weight problem.Findings.Successful dieters reported a higher number of life events than unsuccessful dieters particularly for events such as “clothes did not fit me”, “doctor's recommendation” and “reached my heaviest weight”. Successful participants also indicated reduced choice over their previous unhealthy diet, more choice over their exercise behaviours and more benefits from the new healthy behaviours. They were also less likely to attribute their previous increased weight to any medical and psychological factors. This was accompanied by a belief about the effectiveness of behavioural solutions to their weight problem.Discussion.Life events can promote behaviour change for some individuals. This change is facilitated by a reduction in choice and disruption of function over the unhealthy behaviours, and a belief that behavioural solutions will be effective.

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Krebs, G. C., L. J. Hannigan, A. M. Gregory, F. V. Rijsdijk, B. Maughan, and T. C. Eley. "Are punitive parenting and stressful life events environmental risk factors for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth? A longitudinal twin study." European Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.004.

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AbstractBackground:Punitive parenting and stressful life events are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). However, the lack of longitudinal, genetically-informative studies means it remains unclear whether these factors represent environmentally-mediated risks for the development of OCS.Methods:Twins and siblings from the Genesis1219 study completed self-report questionnaires two years apart (Time 1: N = 2616, mean age = 15.0; Time 2: N = 1579, mean age = 17.0 years) assessing OCS, maternal and paternal punitive parenting, and dependent stressful life events. Multiple regression models tested cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the putative environmental risk factors and obsessive-compulsive symptoms using: (a) individual scores; and (b) monozygotic twin difference scores. The aetiologies of significant phenotypic associations between putative risk factors and OCS were further examined using multivariate genetic models.Results:At a phenotypic level, maternal and paternal punitive parenting and stressful life events were all associated with OCS both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, only stressful life events predicted the subsequent development of OCS, after controlling for earlier symptoms. Genetic models indicated that the association between life events and change in OCS symptoms was due to both genetic (48%) and environmental (52%) influences. Overall, life events associated with change in OCS accounted for 1.2% of variation in OCS at Time 2.Conclusions:Stressful life events, but not punitive parenting, predict OCS change during adolescence at a phenotypic level. This association exists above and beyond genetic confounding, consistent with the hypothesis that stressful life events play a causal role in the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

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