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Osman, Hesham. "Risk-Based Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Privatized Infrastructure." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, no. 1 (January 2005): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400124.
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One main shortcoming in the use of life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for analyzing long-term infrastructure projects is the uncertainty in the value of the LCCA parameters. Probabilistic LCCA incorporates these elements of uncertainty by assigning probabilistic values to cost and performance parameters. Studies that have performed probabilistic LCCA in the infrastructure domain propose a probability-based framework for alternative comparison. Although such frameworks convey a wealth of probabilistic information, they are not well suited to decision making. This study proposes a risk-based framework that is similar to techniques used in portfolio risk management. To illustrate the use of such a framework, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to perform probabilistic LCCA for a highway project. Two highway investment opportunities with varying risks and returns are analyzed. The decision framework is used to compare the simulation results with some common investment opportunities in the market. This framework enables private-sector investors to assess the relative risks and returns of alternative infrastructure projects. The fact that similar frameworks are used in the financial investment domain makes this approach suitable for the economic analysis of privatized infrastructure.
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Akbarian, Mehdi, Omar Swei, Randolph Kirchain, and Jeremy Gregory. "Probabilistic Characterization of Life-Cycle Agency and User Costs: Case Study of Minnesota." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2639, no. 1 (January 2017): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2639-12.
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a commonly used approach by pavement engineers to compare the economic efficiency of alternative pavement design and maintenance strategies. Over the past two decades, the pavement community has augmented the LCCA framework used in practice by explicitly accounting for uncertainty in the decision-making process and incorporating life-cycle costs not only to the agency but also to the users of a facility. This study represents another step toward improving the LCCA process by focusing on methods to characterize the cost of relevant pay items for an LCCA as well as integrating costs accrued to users of a facility caused by pavement–vehicle interaction (PVI) and work zone delays. The developed model was implemented in a case study to quantify the potential implication of both of these components on the outcomes of an LCCA. Results from the construction cost analysis suggest that the proposed approaches in this paper lead to high-fidelity estimates that outperform current practice. Furthermore, results from the case study indicate that PVI can be a dominant contributor to total life-cycle costs and, therefore, should be incorporated in future LCCAs.
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Harris, Debra, and Lori Fitzgerald. "Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA): a comparison of commercial flooring." Facilities 35, no. 5/6 (April 4, 2017): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-10-2015-0071.
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Purpose The business case for facility expenditures is grounded in the knowledge that life-cycle economics is significant to the continued viability of the facility. The aim of this study is to develop an algorithm for life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and evaluate flooring products to inform decision makers about the long-term cost of ownership. Design/methodology/approach The protocol for executing an LCCA is defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, including defining the problem, identifying feasible alternatives and establishing common assumptions and parameters, as well as acquiring financial information. Data were provided by an independent third-party source. Findings The results of this study are twofold: assess functionally equivalent flooring alternatives to determine the best financial value and develop a replicable protocol and algorithm for LCCA. The study found that modular carpet was the best financial solution. As a tool for decision makers, this LCCA informs asset management about the long-term cost of ownership, providing a protocol for making practical, informed decisions for the lowest cost solution for functionally equivalent alternatives. Research limitations/implications Projecting LCCA beyond 15 years may have limited value based on potential changes in the financial climate. Further research should focus on the implications of changes in the discount rate over time and testing the algorithm on other building systems. Practical implications Maintenance costs are considerable when compared to initial cost of flooring. Equipment costs have a significant impact on long-term cost of ownership. Using LCCA to inform specifications and to determine the best solution for a building system such as flooring provides an evidence-based process for building design and facility management. Social implications Life-cycle costs have a significant impact on the financial health of an organization. Using LCCA to make informed decisions about facility design and specifications may contribute to increased financial stability and resources to benefit the organization’s long term goals. Originality/value This study contributes an algorithm instrument for buildings and building systems. The flooring tested with this protocol provides evidence to inform flooring selection based on lowest cost while considering other factors that inform appropriate selection of flooring materials.
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Todor, Raluca Dania, Mircea Horne Horneț, and Nicolae Fani Iordan. "Implementing the Life Cycle Cost Analysis in a Building Design." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.581.
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In the context of increasing concerns for sustainable development new comprehensive methods are developed by builders and architects in order to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is one of these methods, perhaps the most functional one for the evaluation process. Using this LCCA contributes to the integration of the design process and helps identify opportunities for energy efficiency, such as appropriate zoning, natural lighting and design optimization of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). It also helps in finding the best solutions for reducing overall costs. LCCA is very little known in Romania and quasi unused practice for building design and for this reason the present paper contains a broad overview of the methodology and it’s uses highlighting its main advantages and a case study of the building design intended for laboratory research. The analyzed building is one of the 12 identical buildings of Transilvania University Research and Development Institute from Brasov.
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Alaloul, Wesam Salah, Muhammad Altaf, Muhammad Ali Musarat, Muhammad Faisal Javed, and Amir Mosavi. "Systematic Review of Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Pavement and a Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084377.
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Development of the pavement network systems, which is inevitable due to the rapid economic growth, has increasingly become a topic of significant concern because of the severe environmental impacts of road expansion. For achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs), the policies and actions towards the pavements’ life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) must be carefully assessed. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of LCA and LCCA used in pavement engineering and management. Through the quality control of PRISMA, fifty-five most relevant documents were extracted for a thorough investigation. The state of the art review reveals that a limited number of the papers considered environmental impacts of the pavements. Consequently, to assess the environmental impact cost, a conceptual framework was developed to better consider the LCA and LCCA on various aspects of the pavement projects including the sustainability aspects. Besides, a case study was given to validate the literature review towards proposing a novel framework for the incorporation of environmental impact cost.
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Shankar Kshirsagar, Anurag, Mohamed A. El‐Gafy, and Tariq Sami Abdelhamid. "Suitability of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) as asset management tools for institutional buildings." Journal of Facilities Management 8, no. 3 (July 13, 2010): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14725961011058811.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for institutional (higher education) buildings as a predictor of actual realised facility costs.Design/methodology/approachResearch methodology includes a comprehensive literature review to identify issues, best practices and implementation of LCCA in the construction industry. A case study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of LCCA in predicting facility costs.FindingsNotwithstanding the benefits of LCCA, its adoption has been relatively slow for institutional buildings. The case study revealed that the average difference between estimated and actual construction cost is 37 per cent, whereas the average difference between the actual and estimated maintenance cost is 48 per cent. There is an average difference of 85 per cent in the actual and estimated administration cost.Research limitations/implicationsWhile limited to a few buildings, the case study underscores that LCCA methods should not be used for cost predictions of facility performance but rather for comparing total costs of alternative building features and systems, as well as building types. Sensitivity analysis also revealed that the selection of a discount rate would have less impact on recurring costs estimates compared to non‐recurring cost estimates. Facilities managers' involvement in LCCA technique developments and implementations will likely improve its performance during programming phases.Practical implicationsThe value of LCCA procedures is limited as a predictor of actual realised facility costs. Educational institutions can use the methods described in this paper to replicate the study and arrive at their own conclusions regarding the LCCA techniques and their potential use in programming stages.Originality/valueThe paper evaluated the accuracy of LCCA for institutional buildings and the potential of LCCA as an asset management tool for institutional buildings and provided suggestions to improve its adoption in facilities management.
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Arditi, David, and Hany Mounir Messiha. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in Municipal Organizations." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 5, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(1999)5:1(1).
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Guo, Fengdi, Jeremy Gregory, and Randolph Kirchain. "Probabilistic Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Pavements Based on Simulation Optimization." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (April 4, 2019): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119838984.
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a way to evaluate the long-term cost effectiveness of different pavement designs or treatment actions. Owing to the existence of uncertainties, many probabilistic LCCA models have been proposed. They mainly use a prescribed treatment schedule or determine schedules by mechanistic-empirical analysis, potentially leading to the overestimation of life-cycle cost (LCC). In this paper, a new probabilistic simulation-optimization LCCA model is proposed. This new model determines treatment schedules by minimizing total LCC, including agency and user cost, which is different from current probabilistic models. In addition, it also incorporates uncertainties of treatment costs and deterioration processes. Two case studies are presented. The first one shows the influence of treatment schedule uncertainties on LCC distributions. After considering treatment schedule uncertainties, a tighter LCC distribution is estimated. The second case study compares the new model and a conventional prescribed-schedule model from the perspective of pavement design selection. The results show that the simulation-optimization model could lead to different preferred pavement designs than the prescribed-schedule model.
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Kulkarni, Prof Avadhut. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35712.
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In the Development of construction materials Sustainable use of natural resources has become a necessity in India. In this project work, an LCA study is carry out for an AAC block production for environmental assessment. In addition to the LCA, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is also applied for economic assessment. The LCA is performed according to ISO 14040. Firstly, a cradle to gate LCA method performed for one meter cube of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block. The LCCA method include in the OpenLCA software which is choose to calculate impact categories i.e. abiotic depletion, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, Eco toxicity, ozone depletion potential and photochemical oxidation potential. The last few decades, several approaches have been developed by agencies and institutions for Bricks Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). The LCC analysis was performed by developing a price model for internal and external cost categories within the software.
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Harris, Debra D., and Lori Fitzgerald. "A life-cycle cost analysis for flooring materials for healthcare facilities." Journal of Hospital Administration 4, no. 4 (May 27, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v4n4p92.
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Objective: In this study, hard, resilient and soft flooring materials are compared using a building service life of 50 years, an established life span for healthcare facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the life-cycle cost of flooring products and inform decision-makers about the long-term cost of ownership along with other key factors, such as safety, durability, and aesthetics.Methods: The protocol for executing an life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), including defining the problem, identifying feasible alternatives, and establishing common assumptions and parameters, as well as acquiring financial information. Product information for the flooring materials that met inclusion criteria based on characteristics of the products consistent with use in healthcare facilities was acquired including maintenance, installation, warranty, and cost data. LCCA calculations recognize the time value of money and use discounting to project future value.Results: The results generated from the LCCA using present value to project future costs provide a useful tool for projecting costs over time for the purpose of planning operational and maintenance costs associated with the long-term investment of ownership. The findings suggest that soft flooring is more cost effective for initial purchase and installation, equipment assets, and maintenance over time of facilities.Conclusions: Cost is an important factor when considering flooring materials for healthcare facilities. Other factors to be considered are safety, durability and aesthetics, cleanliness, acoustics and sustainability to realize the overall return on investment. This study developed a tool for projecting costs of ownership for facility materials, in this case, flooring. The selection of flooring material has a significant impact on the cost of ownership over the life of the facility.
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Whiteley, Leanne, Susan Tighe, and Zhanmin Zhang. "Incorporating Variability into Pavement Performance, Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, and Performance-Based Specification Pay Factors." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1940, no. 1 (January 2005): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194000102.
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This paper describes a recent research study that examined how changes in design life affected the pavement life-cycle cost and ultimately how the reduction in or addition to life-cycle cost attributed to superior or inferior in-service performance could be used as a basis for establishing a pay factor for a performance-based specification. Previous models were developed with data from the Canadian Long-Term Pavement Performance Program, which indicated that overlay thickness, total prior cracking, annual freezing index, annual days with precipitation, and accumulated equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) after 8 years affected the slope of pavement deterioration for asphalt overlay pavements. One of these models, as well as data from the U.S. Long-Term Pavement Performance test sites, is used to determine the service life of asphalt overlay pavements. This paper examines how the variability associated with overlay thickness, total prior cracking, and accumulated ESALs after 8 years affects the service life of asphalt overlay pavements. Furthermore, this paper considers the variability associated with the discount rate and incorporates all associated variability into the life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). LCCA is performed by using Monte Carlo techniques. On the basis of a recent study, distributions for service life and life-cycle costs are developed by using both normal and lognormal distributions for overlay thickness. With the LCCA values for typical design lives, a sensitivity analysis is subsequently performed to evaluate the impact of 10%, 20%, and 30% differences in the in-service performance as compared to the design life. These LCCA differences are then used as a basis for establishing pay factors. Overall the paper attempts to relate design to in-service performance life-cycle cost and the ultimate use of pay factors.
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Liang, Shaobo, Hongmei Gu, and Richard Bergman. "Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a High-Rise Mass Timber Building: A Case Study in Pacific Northwestern United States." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147831.
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Global construction industry has a huge influence on world primary energy consumption, spending, and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. To better understand these factors for mass timber construction, this work quantified the life cycle environmental and economic performances of a high-rise mass timber building in U.S. Pacific Northwest region through the use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Using the TRACI impact category method, the cradle-to-grave LCA results showed better environmental performances for the mass timber building relative to conventional concrete building, with 3153 kg CO2-eq per m2 floor area compared to 3203 CO2-eq per m2 floor area, respectively. Over 90% of GHGs emissions occur at the operational stage with a 60-year study period. The end-of-life recycling of mass timber could provide carbon offset of 364 kg CO2-eq per m2 floor that lowers the GHG emissions of the mass timber building to a total 12% lower GHGs emissions than concrete building. The LCCA results showed that mass timber building had total life cycle cost of $3976 per m2 floor area that was 9.6% higher than concrete building, driven mainly by upfront construction costs related to the mass timber material. Uncertainty analysis of mass timber product pricing provided a pathway for builders to make mass timber buildings cost competitive. The integration of LCA and LCCA on mass timber building study can contribute more information to the decision makers such as building developers and policymakers.
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Mohammed Zaki, Buhaaldeen, Peyman Babashamsi, Aini Hazwani Shahrir, Abdalrhman Milad, Noor Halizah Abdullah, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, and Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff. "THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS METHODS ON PROJECT DECISION-MAKING IN AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14366.
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Airports are a part of the world transportation network. Huge investments are made annually for airport pavement construction, maintenances and rehabilitations. The idea of integrating life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) is the latest approach to develop a method for assessing pavement sustainability. In this regard, research on economic evaluation analysis methods has resulted in the development and improvement of pavement management systems (PMS). This paper compares two main economic evaluations which mainly could use in LCCA namely net future value (NFV) and net present Value (NPV). To indicate the effect of economic evaluation a case study is examined. In this research LCCA comprises three main components which are direct costs, indirect costs, and salvage value. Airport Revenue Reduction Cost (ARRC) and Airline Delay Cost (ADC) considered as two specific indirect/user costs. The results show the impact of different economic analysis method on project decision-making where the use of crack sealing overlay (CSOL) is 35.8% and 28.3% more cost-effective than Portland cement concrete (PCC) and hot-mix asphalt (HMA), respectively.
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Ayodele, Bamidele Victor, and Siti Indati Mustapa. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062387.
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The transportation sector has been reported as a key contributor to the emissions of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Hence, the need for the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) into the transportation sector. However, the competitiveness of the EVs with the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles has been a bone of contention. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an important tool that can be employed to determine the competitiveness of a product in its early stage of production. This review examines different published articles on LCCA of EVs using Scopus and Web of Science databases. The time trend of the published articles from 2001 to 2019 was examined. Moreover, the LCC obtained from the different models of EVs were compared. There was a growing interest in research on the LCC of EVs as indicated by the upward increase in the number of published articles. A variation in the LCC of the different EVs studied was observed to depend on several factors. Based on the LCC, EVs were found not yet competitive with conventional internal combustion engine cars due to the high cost of batteries. However, advancement in technologies with incentives could bring down the cost of EV batteries to make it competitive in the future.
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Shang, Yue, Martine van den Boomen, Amy de Man, and ARM (Rogier) Wolfert. "Reliability-based life cycle costing analysis for embedded rails in level crossings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719866359.
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Reliability-based life cycle costing analysis (LCCA) supports optimized decisions on capital and operational expenditures for engineering asset management. In addition, it allows investigation of the impact of maintenance decisions on designing the service life of assets. The application of reliability-based LCCA in railway practice is challenging, as there is limited research with regard to integrating maintenance strategies, reliability and costs especially for embedded rail systems. Therefore, in this research, an LCCA model for these embedded rail system assets has been developed, which shows the optimum between the actual reliability profile, financial parameters and maintenance policies for specific variable conditions. This model incorporates both the uncertainties associated with degradation and maintenance strategies which have been integrated into a discounted age replacement model. This model facilitates a better understanding about the interaction among life cycle cost, rail degradation and maintenance strategies for a set of variable conditions. The output supports decision making on rail replacement and/or maintenance engineering. The model is demonstrated in a case study and validated with available (real) failure data from Dutch railroad service contractors. The potential of the applicability to ballasted tracks is also demonstrated.
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Okte, Egemen, Imad L. Al-Qadi, and Hasan Ozer. "Effects of Pavement Condition on LCCA User Costs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836776.
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Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is one of the well-established methods to determine the cost-effective alternative between different transportation infrastructure projects. Life cycle cost of a roadway alternative consists of agency and user costs over an analysis period appropriately selected. Agency costs include initial construction costs, and maintenance and rehabilitation costs incurred within the analysis period. User costs incur when there is a work zone present and also during normal operating conditions. In traditional LCCA, adopted by many agencies around the United States, it is assumed that the difference in user cost between alternatives mainly arise from work zone costs. The costs that arise during normal operating conditions (mainly vehicle operating costs) are not dependent on project alternatives and thus are traditionally considered to be negligible. This paper introduces a methodology to test the sensitivity of vehicle operating costs to roughness and texture profile quantitatively and evaluate its contribution to LCCA calculations. It was hypothesized that even the slight changes in surface profile between various alternatives may result in different user costs between the alternatives. A case study is presented to illustrate the effect of user costs of normal operating conditions on LCCA analysis results. Case study showed that vehicle operating costs that arise during normal operation may greatly affect the results of LCCA and should be considered, especially for low-volume traffic projects.
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Zhang, Dejia, Fen Ye, and Jingfen Yuan. "Life-cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) on Steel Bridge Pavement Structural Composition." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 96 (November 2013): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.089.
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Kyriaki, Elli, Christina Konstantinidou, Effrosyni Giama, and Agis M. Papadopoulos. "Life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of phase change materials (PCM) for thermal applications: A review." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 9 (November 24, 2017): 3068–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.3945.
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Loulizi, Amara, Youssef Bichiou, and Hesham Rakha. "Use of Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Multiple Criteria Decision Aid Tools for Designing Road Vertical Profiles." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 7127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247127.
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The current design practice for the vertical profile of roads in rolling and mountainous terrains is to follow the existing grades in order to minimize earthwork costs. This means that the only criterion considered during the design phase is the initial cost. It would be preferable to include other criteria that are directly related to sustainability, particularly fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, this paper describes a proposed design procedure that starts by finding feasible alternatives with different grades. Then, a microsimulation traffic tool is used to simulate the movement of predicted vehicles (volume and type) over the different alternatives. The microsimulation tool provides reliable estimates of travel times, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions for the different alternatives. With these data, it is possible to use life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) or multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) tools to select the “optimal” alternative. The proposed procedure was used on a case study involving a 6-km highway section with different proposed grades ranging from 2% to 8%. Using LCCA and an MCDA tool, it was revealed that the current design alternative is not the optimal alternative in most considered scenarios (various fuel values for LCCA and different “Cost” weights for MCDA).
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Wang, Hao, and Jingnan Zhao. "DEVELOPMENT OF OVERWEIGHT PERMIT FEE USING MECHANISTIC-EMPIRICAL PAVEMENT DESIGN AND LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS." TRANSPORT 31, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1191039.
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The study aims to determine rational overweight permit fee using Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) pavement design and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). The state-of-art pavement design software, Pavement-ME, was utilized to develop Load Equivalency Factors (LEFs) and estimate pavement service life under various traffic loading conditions. LCCA was conducted to calculate Marginal Pavement Damage Cost (MPDC) in terms of Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC) considering variations in maintenance strategies, analysis periods, and discount rates. A methodology framework was established to calculate distance based, weight based, weight and distance based, and flat permit fee for overweight trucks. With the local data obtained in New Jersey (United States), example permit fees were determined for the major and local road network with the thick and thin asphalt pavement structure, respectively. It was found that the truck-induced damage cost varied significantly between thin and thick asphalt pavements considering different failure mechanisms in fatigue cracking and rutting. In general, overweight permit fee may not be fair to overweight trucks at different vehicle classifications if only the total overweight tonnage is regulated in the permit fee structure.
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Hu, Ming. "Cost-Effective Options for the Renovation of an Existing Education Building toward the Nearly Net-Zero Energy Goal—Life-Cycle Cost Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082444.
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A comprehensive case study on life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was conducted on a two- story education building with a projected 40-year lifespan in College Park, Maryland. The aim of this paper was to (1) create a life cycle assessment model, using an education building to test the model, (2) compare the life cycle cost (LCC) of different renovation scenarios, taking into account added renewable energy resources to achieve the university’s overall carbon neutrality goal, and (3) verify the robustness of the LCC model by conducting sensitivity analysis and studying the influence of different variables. Nine renovation scenarios were constructed by combining six renovation techniques and three renewable energy resources. The LCCA results were then compared to understand the cost-effective relation between implementing energy reduction techniques and renewable energy sources. The results indicated that investing in energy-efficient retrofitting techniques was more cost-effective than investments in renewable energy sources in the long term. In the optimum scenario, renovation and renewable energy, when combined, produced close to a 90% reduction in the life cycle cost compared to the baseline. The payback period for the initial investment cost, including avoided electricity costs, varies from 1.4 to 4.1 years. This suggests that the initial investment in energy-efficient renovation is the primary factor in the LCC of an existing building.
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CANTRELL, JAMES G. "Black liquor evaporator upgrades— life cycle cost analysis." March 2021 20, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.3.208.
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Black liquor evaporation is generally the most energy intensive unit operation in a pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The black liquor evaporators can represent a third or more of the total mill steam usage, followed by the paper machine and digester. Evaporator steam economy is defined as the unit mass of steam required to evaporate a unit mass of water from black liquor (i.e., lb/lb or kg/kg.) The economy is determined by the number of effects in an evaporator train and the system configuration. Older systems use four to six effects, most of which are the long tube vertical rising film type. Newer systems may be designed with seven or even eight effects using falling film and forced circulation crystallization technology for high product solids. The median age of all North American evaporator systems is 44 years. Roughly 25% of the current North American operating systems are 54 years or older. Older systems require more periodic maintenance and have a higher risk of unplanned downtime. Also, older systems have chronic issues with persistent liquor and vapor leaks, shell wall thinning, corrosion, and plugged tubes. Often these issues worsen to the point of requiring rebuild or replacement. When considering the age, technology, and lower efficiency of older systems, a major rebuild or new system may be warranted. The intent of this paper is to review the current state of black liquor evaporator systems in North America and present a basic method for determining whether a major rebuild or new installation is warranted using total life cycle cost analysis (LCCA).
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Salameh, Ryan, and Yichang (James) Tsai. "Enhancing Decision-Making on Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements using Slab-Based Cracking Data and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 8 (June 19, 2020): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120925068.
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Many jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) on critical roads in the United States are aged and have reached the end of their design lives. They thus require maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (MR&R) actions, which mainly involve slab replacement or lane reconstruction. Limited budgets challenge transportation agencies to determine the most cost-effective MR&R strategies, especially when life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is limited by the unreliable prediction of the pavement’s future needs. This paper proposes an enhanced LCCA-based methodology that utilizes slab-based cracking data collected using 3D laser technology, to select the best strategy for MR&R of JPCP by determining the timing and cost of slab replacement and lane reconstruction. By predicting pavement performance based on the current slab-based condition state using a Markov chain forecasting model, slab replacement projects are scheduled, and their feasibility is evaluated to determine the proper timing for lane reconstruction within the analysis period. LCCA is then conducted to select the alternative with the most cost-effective strategy for scheduling slab replacement and lane reconstruction projects. A case study is conducted on two 1-mi segments of I-16 in Georgia to validate the proposed methodology, followed by a sensitivity analysis to identify the input variables having a significant impact on the LCCA results. The developed framework proved its strength in determining the best MR&R strategy based on segment-level need assessment, which is utilized to perform “what if” analyses that evaluate different scenarios of project scheduling and accommodate the requirements and limitations defined by transportation agencies.
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Shin, Young-su, and Kyuman Cho. "BIM Application to Select Appropriate Design Alternative with Consideration of LCA and LCCA." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/281640.
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Advancements in building materials and technology have led to the rapid development of various design solutions. At the same time, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of such solutions have become a great burden to engineers and project managers. To help conduct LCA and LCCA conveniently, this study (i) analyzed the information needed to conduct LCA and LCCA, (ii) evaluated a way to obtain such information in an easy and accurate manner using a building information modeling tool, and (iii) developed an Excel spreadsheet-based framework that allowed for the simultaneous implementation of LCA and LCCA. The framework developed for LCA and LCCA was applied to a real building case to evaluate three possible alternatives for an external skin system. The framework could easily and accurately determine which skin system had good properties in terms of the LCA and LCCA performance. Therefore, these results are expected to assist in decision making based on the perspectives of economic and environmental performances in the early phases of a project, where various alternatives can be created and evaluated.
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Wingler, Deborah. "A life-cycle cost analysis of resilient flooring materials in acute-care facilities." Journal of Hospital Administration 7, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v7n5p70.
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Objective: This study compares the impact of maintenance protocols on coated and non-coated resilient flooring materials over the building life of an acute-care facility. The purpose of this study is to provide healthcare administrators, facility managers and designers with evidence regarding the total cost of ownership of different resilient flooring materials.Methods: Utilizing a life-cycle costing analysis (LCCA), a two-phase economic evaluation was conducted using both industry and real-time data collected from four health systems across three distinct geographic regions in the U.S. to evaluate the impact of coated and non-coated resilient flooring materials over the usable life of an acute-care facility.Results: Findings from both the first and second phase LCCA suggest that maintenance protocols can have a substantive impact on the total cost of ownership for resilient flooring materials due to the increase in operations and maintenance costs associated with a coated maintenance protocol. The point in time at which the factory applied finish failed for a non-coated flooring material was also shown to greatly contribute to the total cost of ownership.Conclusions: The use of real-time data, coupled with a systematic evaluation provided contextual information that proved essential to understanding some of the intricacies involved in resilient flooring maintenance protocols that can greatly influence economic outcomes. This approach supports an evidence-based decision making process for healthcare executives and environmental services staff to not only effectively evaluate new resilient flooring material selections, but to also proactively evaluate current maintenance protocols for increased monetary savings.
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Jung, Jong-Suk, Yong-Boo Park, and Jeong-Rak Sohn. "A Case Study of Life Cycle Cost Analysis on Pavements in Apartment Complex." LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5, no. 4 (October 30, 2014): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5804/lhij.2014.5.4.297.
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Kulczycka, Joanna, and Marzena Smol. "Environmentally friendly pathways for the evaluation of investment projects using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA)." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no. 3 (October 24, 2015): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-1059-x.
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Rethnam, Omprakash Ramalingam, Sivakumar Palaniappan, and Velmurugan Ashokkumar. "Life cycle cost analysis of 1MW power generation using roof-top solar PV panels." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-12-2018-0161.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of 1 MW roof-top Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels installed in warm and humid climatic region in Southern India. The effect of actual power generated from solar PV panels on financial indicators is evaluated. Design/methodology/approach LCCA is done using the actual power generated from solar PV panels for one year. The net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), simple payback period (SPP) and discounted payback period (DPP) are determined for a base case scenario. The effect of service life and the differences between the ideal power expected and the actual power generated is evaluated. Findings A base case scenario is evaluated using the actual power generation data, 25-year service life and 6 percent discount rate. The NPV, IRR, SPP and DPP are found to be INR 13m, 8 percent, 10.9 years and 18.8 years respectively. It is found that the actual power generated is about one-third less than the ideal power estimated by consultants prior to project bidding. The payback period increases by 70–120 percent when the actual power generated from solar PV panels is considered. Originality/value The return on investment calculated based on ideal power generation data without considering the operation and maintenance related aspects may lead to incorrect financial assessment. Hence, strategies toward solar power generation should also focus on the actual system performance during operation.
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Parra, Carlos, Adolfo Crespo, Fredy Kristjanpoller, and Pablo Viveros. "Stochastic model of reliability for use in the evaluation of the economic impact of a failure using life cycle cost analysis. Case studies on the rail freight and oil industries." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 226, no. 4 (April 16, 2012): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x12441880.
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This paper aims to investigate the technical and economic factors related to failure costs (non-reliability costs) within the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of a production asset. Life cycle costing is a well-established method for the evaluation of alternative asset options. It is a structured approach that addresses all the elements of this cost and can be used to produce a spend profile for an asset over its anticipated life-span. The results of an LCCA are used to assist management in the decision-making process when there is a choice of options. The main costs can be classified as the capital expenditure incurred when the asset is purchased, and the operating expenditure incurred during the asset’s life. This paper explores different aspects related to the failure costs within the LCCA, and describes the most important aspects of the stochastic model: a non-homogeneous Poisson process. This model is used to estimate the frequency of failures and their impact which can cause various failures in the total costs of a production asset. This paper also contains a case study for the rail freight industry (Chile) and the oil industry (Petronox, Venezuela) where the proposed model and concepts are applied, and respectively compared in terms of results. Finally, the presented model provides maintenance managers with a decision tool that optimizes the LCCA of an asset and increases the efficiency of the decision-making process related to the control of failures.
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Alqahtani, Ayedh, and Andrew Whyte. "Artificial neural networks incorporating cost significant Items towards enhancing estimation for (life-cycle) costing of construction projects." Construction Economics and Building 13, no. 3 (September 18, 2013): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v13i3.3363.
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Industrial application of life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is somewhat limited, with techniques deemed overly theoretical, resulting in a reluctance to realise (and pass onto the client) the advantages to be gained from objective (LCCA) comparison of (sub)component material specifications. To address the need for a user-friendly structured approach to facilitate complex processing, the work described here develops a new, accessible framework for LCCA of construction projects; it acknowledges Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to compute the whole-cost(s) of construction and uses the concept of cost significant items (CSI) to identify the main cost factors affecting the accuracy of estimation. ANNs is a powerful means to handle non-linear problems and subsequently map between complex input/output data, address uncertainties. A case study documenting 20 building projects was used to test the framework and estimate total running costs accurately. Two methods were used to develop a neural network model; firstly a back-propagation method was adopted (using MATLAB SOFTWARE); and secondly, spread-sheet optimisation was conducted (using Microsoft Excel Solver). The best network was established as consisting of 19 hidden nodes, with the tangent sigmoid used as a transfer function of NNs model for both methods. The results find that in both neural network models, the accuracy of the developed NNs model is 1% (via Excel-solver) and 2% (via back-propagation) respectively.
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Zhou, ZhiWu, Julián Alcalá, and Víctor Yepes. "Environmental, Economic and Social Impact Assessment: Study of Bridges in China’s Five Major Economic Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010122.
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The construction industry of all countries in the world is facing the issue of sustainable development. How to make effective and accurate decision-making on the three pillars (Environment; Economy; Social influence) is the key factor. This manuscript is based on an accurate evaluation framework and theoretical modelling. Through a comprehensive evaluation of six cable-stayed highway bridges in the entire life cycle of five provinces in China (from cradle to grave), the research shows that life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), life cycle cost assessment (LCCA), and social impact life assessment (SILA) are under the influence of multi-factor change decisions. The manuscript focused on the analysis of the natural environment over 100 years, material replacement, waste recycling, traffic density, casualty costs, community benefits and other key factors. Based on the analysis data, the close connection between high pollution levels and high cost in the maintenance stage was deeply promoted, an innovative comprehensive evaluation discrete mathematical decision-making model was established, and a reasonable interval between gross domestic product (GDP) and sustainable development was determined.
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Ziari, Hassan, Hamid Behbahani, and Amir Ali Amini. "A Framework for Economic Evaluation of Highway Development Projects Based on Network-Level Life Cycle Cost Analysis." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i1.1553.
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For economic evaluation of a highway development project, multiple criteria must be considered on a timeframe longer than the project implementation interval and a geographical area larger than the project zone. In this study, a framework is proposed based on the Network-Level Life Cycle Cost Analysis (NL-LCCA) to assess the effect of highway development projects on mobility, safety, economy, environment and other monetizable criteria. In this approach, project impacts are estimated within physical boundaries of highway network over the network life cycle. This framework can be used as a decision-making support for evaluation and ranking of pre-defined development projects, proposing new cost-effective development projects, assessment of cost efficiency of existing highway network and budget allocation optimization.
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Ratna Reddy, V., N. Jayakumar, M. Venkataswamy, M. Snehalatha, and Charles Batchelor. "Life-cycle costs approach (LCCA) for sustainable water service delivery: a study in rural Andhra Pradesh, India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.062.
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This paper illustrates the usefulness of the life-cycle costs approach (LCCA) framework and methodology in addressing slippage and sustainability issues in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector in the State of Andhra Pradesh (AP), India. Source sustainability, poor operation and maintenance and water quality are the main reasons for slippage in India. The paper examines the actual cost of provision in 43 villages spread over two agro-climatic zones by cost components that cause slippage and identifies the gaps in (public) investments and how these gaps are responsible for poor, inequitable and unsustainable service delivery. The analysis brings out clearly that government expenditure on WASH is almost exclusively capital expenditure on infrastructure while other important cost components like planning and designing, capital maintenance, source sustainability, water quality, etc., receive little or no allocation. The key message of the paper is that allocations to rural drinking water sector are low at the design and implementation stage but more ends up being spent due to ad hoc interventions and funding allocations for rural water are distorted. It is argued that adoption of LCCA would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of budget allocations to the drinking water sector.
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Kim, Keun-Woo, and Seok-Heon Yun. "A Case study of Life Cycle Cost Analysis on Apartment houses and Han-Ok." Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 10, no. 6 (December 20, 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkic.2010.12.6.001.
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Kim, Changmo, Eul-Bum Lee, John T. Harvey, Amy Fong, and Ray Lott. "Automated Sequence Selection and Cost Calculation for Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)." International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2015): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2046-0430.4.1.61.
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Fregonara, Elena, and Diego Giuseppe Ferrando. "The Stochastic Annuity Method for Supporting Maintenance Costs Planning and Durability in the Construction Sector: A Simulation on a Building Component." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 6, 2020): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072909.
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Service life estimate is crucial for evaluating the economic and environmental sustainability of projects, by means—adopting a life cycle perspective—of the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). Service life, in turn, is strictly correlated to maintenance investment and planning activities, in view of building/building component/system/infrastructure products’ durability requirements, and in line with the environmental-energy policies, transposed into EU guidelines and regulations. Focusing on the use-maintenance-adaptation stage in the constructions’ life cycle, the aim of this work is to propose a methodology for supporting the “optimal maintenance planning” in function of life cycle costs, assuming the presence of financial constraints. A first research step is proposed for testing the economic sustainability of different project options, at the component scale, which imply different cost items and different maintenance-replacement interventions over time. The methodology is based on the Annuity Method, or Equivalent Annual Cost approach, as defined by the norm EN 15459-1:2017. The method, poorly explored in the literature, is proposed here as an alternative to the Global Cost approach (illustrated in the norm as well). Due to the presence of uncertainty correlated to deterioration processes and market variability, the stochastic Annuity Method is modeled by introducing flexibility in input data. Thus, with the support of Probability Analysis and the Monte Carlo Method (MCM), the stochastic LCCA, solved through the stochastic Equivalent Annual Cost, is used for the economic assessment of different maintenance scenarios. Two different components of an office building project (a timber and an aluminum frame), are assumed as a case for the simulation. The methodology intends to support decisions not only in the design phases, but also in the post-construction ones. Furthermore, it opens to potential applications in reinforced concrete infrastructures’ stock, which is approaching, as a considerable portion of the building stock, its end-of-life stage.
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Vadakpat, Govindarajan, Shelley Stoffels, and Karen Dixon. "Road User Cost Models for Network-Level Pavement Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1699, no. 1 (January 2000): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1699-07.
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of pavements is a process for evaluating total economic worth of a usable project segment by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs, such as those for maintenance, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and resurfacing. One of the most important ingredients in the LCCA process, at either a network level or a project level, is the determination of road user cost (RUC) during maintenance and rehabilitation operations. RUC models are also important in contracting strategies, which take into account time for a project to be completed for award and payment. Methods used to date to determine RUC are exclusively analytical in nature. Microscopic estimates of traffic are used to determine RUC. CORSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation program developed by FHWA, was used for this research. Models for additional travel time, added fuel consumption, and RUC for standard two-to-one lane closure scenarios are presented.
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Coleri, Erdem, Yuqi Zhang, and Blaine M. Wruck. "Mechanistic-Empirical Simulations and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis to Determine the Cost and Performance Effectiveness of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 40 (May 23, 2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776479.
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Use of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in asphalt paving, although considered as sustainable, is a practice that agencies are reluctant to employ because of the unpredictability of asphalt mixes containing recycled materials. The asphalt binder in RAP/RAS is aged and stiffened, which reduces ductility of the pavement. Consequentially, a pavement can exhibit unsatisfactory fatigue performance and have the potential for early cracking failure. Although methods exist to counteract the brittle behavior of pavements containing RAP/RAS (namely binder-grade bumping, binder-grade dumping and high binder content), they are not accounted for in mechanistic-empirical (ME) pavement design. Additionally, the cost benefits of using RAP/RAS in pavements are not easily calculated. For these reasons, characterization of fatigue performance for asphalt pavements containing RAP/RAS in ME design software needs to be accomplished and a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) framework for pavements containing RAP/RAS needs to be developed so that agencies can make informed decisions about RAP/RAS use in asphalt mixtures. In this study, laboratory test results for asphalt mixtures with different combinations of RAP/RAS contents, binder contents, and binder types were used to calculate ME pavement model coefficients to perform forward calculations to determine pavement performance. Using predicted performance from ME models, LCCAs were conducted to determine the cost benefits of using binder-grade bumping/dumping and high binder content in Oregon asphalt mixtures. These strategies are expected to increase RAP/RAS use in asphalt mixtures, reduce life-cycle costs, improve the cracking performance and encourage widespread use of RAP/RAS asphalt mixtures.
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Milinkovic, Ozrislava, Branislav Jakic, and Olgica Milosevic. "The importance of using 'Life-cycle cost analysis' (LCCA): In public procurement of construction objects." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 9, no. 1 (2016): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp1601079m.
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Sri Handayani, Fajar, Rheza Imam Prabowo, Aria Ramandika Kurnia, Florentina Pungky Pramesti, Mochamad Agung Wibowo, and Ary Setyawan. "User cost estimation on flexible and rigid pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819506011.
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The unsatisfactory condition of Indonesia’s local roads needs to be improved to support the national transportation network. However, construction activities to improve it often have negative impacts, among other: an increase of user cost. This article aims to calculate user cost generated by flexible and rigid pavement construction. This study was carried out on a local road in Indonesia. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) method is used to analyse the user cost. The results show that user cost of flexible pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 734,290 and US$ 449,830 respectively, futhermore user cost of rigid pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 1,994,920 and US$ 1.203.640 respectively. These indicate that the longer the analysis period, the more economical the user cost.
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Norris, Gregory A. "Integrating life cycle cost analysis and LCA." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 6, no. 2 (March 2001): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02977849.
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Qiao, Yaning, Eshan Dave, Tony Parry, Omar Valle, Lingyun Mi, Guodong Ni, Zhenmin Yuan, and Yuefeng Zhu. "Life Cycle Costs Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Under Future Climate." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 30, 2019): 5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195414.
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Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has received wide application in asphalt pavement construction and maintenance and it has shown cost-effectiveness over virgin hot mix asphalt (HMA). HMA with a high content of reclaimed asphalt (RA) (e.g., 40%) is sometimes used in practice, however, it may have significant adverse effects on the life cycle performance and related costs. In particular, challenges may arise as the life cycle performance of RAP is also affected by local climatic conditions. Thus, it is important to investigate whether it is still economic to use RAP under future local climate, with consideration of life cycle performance. A case study was conducted for various road structures on Interstate 95 (I-95) in New Hampshire (NH), USA for the investigation. The case study utilized dynamic modulus testing results for local virgin HMA and HMA with 40% RA (as major material alternatives) to predict life cycle performance of the selected pavement structures, considering downscaled future climates. Then, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was considered to estimate and compare the life cycle cash flow of the investigated road structures. Responsive maintenance (overlay) and effectiveness were also considered in this study. It was found that using 40% RA in HMA can reduce agency costs by up to approximately 18% under the 2020–2040 predicted climate and NH should consider this practice under predicted future climate to reduce agency costs.
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Ghimire, S. R., D. W. Watkins, and K. Li. "Life cycle cost assessment of a rain water harvesting system for toilet flushing." Water Supply 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.135.
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Rain water harvesting (RWH) has gained popularity as a way of supplementing water supplies for various purposes, including drinking, sanitation and irrigation. This paper presents a methodology of life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) of a unit RWH system (hereafter RWH system) for toilet flushing in an industrial site. The life cycle cost and net present value benefits (NPVB) were estimated for the RWH system and compared with those of a conventional system. For the current system design, the analysis of the life cycle cost of the RWH system indicates negative NPVB for all plausible service lives up to 55 years, mainly because of the initial infrastructure investment costs, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and pumping costs for the system. However, sensitivity analysis concluded that an alternative design with no pump, low O&M costs (5%) and 1% tank refill volume may be economically viable given 7 years of service life. The sensitivity analysis also revealed that higher hypothetical water prices ($5/m3) may lead to positive NPVB after only 5 years of service. Full cost pricing for rainwater harvesting is important for the promotion of sustainable practices and life cycle based system design is critical to make RWH systems economically attractive.
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HASSAN, OSAMA A. B. "AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 08, no. 02 (June 2006): 223–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333206002438.
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This article advances building sustainability theory by relating quality and environmental methodologies to building construction. The sustainability criteria and indicators are first defined and then linked to the integration problem. For designing for sustainability, widely-used methodologies, such as total quality management (TQM), life cycle analysis (LCA), life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA), value-focused thinking (VFT), benchmarking, and others are presented. Key concepts that contribute to sustainable building design and construction are found. These concepts are arranged by construction stages and activities, and the common areas for integration are discussed at the level of specific products and processes as well as at the construction company level.
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Zaghloul, Sameh, and Mohamed Elfino. "Pavement Rehabilitation Selection Based on Mechanistic Analysis and Field Diagnosis of Falling Weight Deflectometer Data: Virginia Experience." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1730, no. 1 (January 2000): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1730-21.
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The effectiveness of using the field diagnosis and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) mechanistic analysis in reducing a 65-km (40-mi) segment of asphalt pavement to project level segments is discussed, along with selecting a cost-effective rehabilitation strategy. A mechanistic-based analysis was performed on the deflection basins measured from I-85 in Virginia to backcalculate the layer moduli. The 65-km segment was divided into structurally homogeneous sections based on the back-calculated layer moduli. The data of each homogeneous section were analyzed further to assess the in situ structural capacity, to identify weak layers, to estimate the remaining structural life, and to determine the current and future rehabilitation needs. It was found that some sections have almost no remaining structural life, and others have remaining structural life of more than 10 years. A comparison was made between the FWD–field diagnosis rehabilitation program and a visual inspection rehabilitation program. Results of the comparison indicated that the visual inspection rehabilitation program resulted in selecting thicker overlays for some of the project sections (overdesigned) and thinner overlays for the other sections (underdesigned). It is estimated that the difference between the FWD–field diagnosis rehabilitation program and the visual inspection rehabilitation program for the overdesigned sections is in the range of 45 percent of the construction cost (savings). Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was performed to quantify the difference between the two rehabilitation programs for the underdesigned sections. Results of the LCCA indicated that the FWD–field diagnosis rehabilitation program would result in 26 percent and 42 percent reduction in the construction cost and user delay cost, respectively.
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Peng, Yan, and Yi Chen. "Study on Saving-Energy Product’s Application in Residential Building based on the Product’s Life Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 3116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.3116.
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The life of saving-energy’s product of building generally less far than 50 years compared with the 50 years’ life of urban construction. Because of the relationship of property’s right of residential building complex, legal environment now isn’t better. In future, high maintenance and update cost of all saving-energy product of building will be an important problem. We must change the concept of paying much attention in construction than management, have a LCCA analysis and evaluation of buildings in investment; perfect the relevant laws and regulations; clear the responsible, right, obligation of the property’s. To serve the investor and the owner by effective asset management system, realize the building’s sustainable developing.
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Kang, Suhyun, Sangyong Kim, Seungho Kim, and Dongeun Lee. "System Dynamics Model for the Improvement Planning of School Building Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104235.
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As the number of aged infrastructures increases every year, a systematic and effective asset management strategy is required. One of the most common analysis methods for preparing an asset management strategy is life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Most LCCA-related studies have focused on traffic and energy; however, few studies have focused on school buildings. Therefore, an approach should be developed to increase the investment efficiency for the performance improvement of school buildings. Planning and securing budgets for the performance improvement of school building is a complex task that involves various factors, such as current conditions, deterioration behavior and maintenance effect. Therefore, this study proposes a system dynamics (SD) model for the performance improvement of school buildings by using the SD method. In this study, an SD model is used to support efficient decision-making through policy effect analysis, from a macro-perspective, for the performance improvement of school buildings.
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Gao, Jingqin, Kaan Ozbay, Hani Nassif, and Onur Kalan. "Stochastic Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Life Cycle Cost Analysis for New Construction Materials and Technologies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (June 14, 2019): 466–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119853578.
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The sustainability of transportation infrastructure depends on the adoption of new construction materials and technologies that can potentially improve performance and productivity. However, most agencies would like to evaluate these new materials and technologies at both the project and network levels before replacing the traditional ones. It also remains a challenge to reliably estimate the costs and lifetime performance of new construction materials and technologies because of limited implementation data. To address these issues, this paper presents a comprehensive bottom-up methodology based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) to integrate project- and network-level analysis that can fast-track the acceptance of new materials or technologies. Hypothesized improvement rates are applied to the deterioration functions of existing materials to represent the expected improved performance of a new material compared with a conventional material with relatively similar characteristics. This new approach with stochastic treatment allows us to probabilistically evaluate new materials with limited data for their future performance. Feasible maintenance and rehabilitation schedules are found for each facility at the project level and near-optimal investment strategies are identified at the network level by using a metaheuristic evolutionary algorithm while satisfying network-wide constraints. This provides an effective solution to many issues that have not been fully addressed in the past, including the trade-off between multiple objectives, effects of time, uncertainty, and outcome interpretation. A hypothetical bridge deck system from New Jersey’s bridge inventory database is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology in constructing a planning and management decision-support procedure.
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Fregonara, Elena, and Diego Ferrando. "How to Model Uncertain Service Life and Durability of Components in Life Cycle Cost Analysis Applications? The Stochastic Approach to the Factor Method." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 3642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103642.
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The durability of components is characterized by uncertainty, and, consequently, their estimated service life is critical for building project evaluation. Data on the durability of components used as life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model input are able to influence model construction, model outputs, and residual value calculations. This implies dealing with uncertainty in cost estimates, according to the real estate market dynamics and the economic trends of the construction sector, and in service life estimates during the project time-horizon. This paper acknowledges the methodology presented in previous studies, based on the stochastic global cost calculation. The aim is to propose a methodological step forward by introducing flexibility over time in model input, through a stochastic approach to the Factor Method (FM). This represents an advancement in respect to the FM normed by ISO 15686—part 1:2000. Two different frames, timber and aluminum, as components of a glass façade of an office building project (located in Turin, Northern Italy), are proposed as a case study. The results give full evidence of the capacity of lifespan variables to affect the global cost calculation, overcoming the effects of environmental and financial elements, in contrast with the consolidated literature. The study demonstrates that beta and gamma distributions are preferable when introducing flexibility over time during the building construction processes, confirming the literature on the topic. The methodology adopted is demonstrated to be an effective tool when in presence of alternative investment options, enforcing decision-making in a temporal perspective.
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Mikolaj, Jan, Lubos Remek, and Marian Macula. "Asphalt Concrete Overlay Optimization Based on Pavement Performance Models." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6063508.
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The life cycle length of pavement with asphalt concrete material (ACM) surfacing is significantly influenced, in addition to transport loading and climatic conditions, by design method and rehabilitation timing. Appropriate overlay thickness calculation and estimation of optimal rehabilitation time are crucial to maximizing life cycle length and, concurrently, reducing road administration costs and road user costs. This article describes a comprehensive method of ACM rehabilitation design. For optimization of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based design, mathematical analytical solution in combination with experimental verification of physical, mechanical, and fatigue characteristics is utilized. Pavement performance, that is, functions mathematically describing pavement’s degradation characteristics of operational capability, is represented by longitudinal and transverse unevenness; these are used to describe relations between traffic loading and pavement’s bearing capacity on 1 : 1 scale. Optimizing of rehabilitation plan is carried out by making a cost benefit analysis (CBA) for several rehabilitation scenarios in which different rehabilitation timing produces different capital cost requirements and social benefits. Rehabilitation scenarios differ in technology, the design of which needs to be mathematically optimized, and timing of rehabilitation execution. This article includes a case study for the sake of illustration of practical results and verification of applicability of used methodology.