Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Life-cycle costing analysis'
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1
Al-Hajj, Assem Nazih. "Simple cost-significant models for total life-cycle costing in buildings." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295224.
2
Safi, Mohammed. "Life-Cycle Costing : Applications and Implementations in Bridge Investment and Management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133241.
Abstract:
A well-maintained bridge infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements sustainably and cost-effectively is challenging. Bridge investment and management decisions generally involve selection from multiple alternatives. All of the options may meet the functional demands, but their life-cycle cost (LCC), service life-span, user-cost, aesthetic merit and environmental impact may differ substantially. Thus, life-cycle analysis (LCCA, a widely used decision-support technique that enables comparison of the LCC of possible options), is essential. However, although LCCA has recognized potential for rationalizing bridge procurement and management decisions its use in this context is far from systematic and the integration of LCCA findings in decisions is often far from robust. Thus, the overall objective of the work underlying this thesis has been to contribute to the development of sustainable bridge infrastructures while optimizing use of taxpayers’ money, by robustly incorporating life-cycle considerations into bridge investment and management decision-making processes. The work has introduced a full scheme for applying LCCA throughout bridges’ entire life-cycle. Several practical case studies have been presented to illustrate how an agency could benefit from use of a bridge management system (BMS) to support decisions related to the management of existing bridges and procure new bridges. Further developments include a comprehensive approach incorporating a novel LCCA technique, “LCC Added-Value Analysis”, which enables procurement of the most cost-efficient bridge design through a fair design-build (D-B) tendering process. A further contribution is a novel, holistic approach designed to enable procurement of bridges with the maximal possible sustainability (life-cycle advantages) under D-B contracts. The approach combines LCC Added-Value analysis with other techniques that make bridges’ aesthetic merit and environmental impact commensurable using an adapted concept named the willingness-to-pay-extra (WTPE). The systematic analytical procedures and potential of LCCA to deliver major savings highlighted in this thesis clearly demonstrate both the feasibility and need to integrate LCCA into bridge procurement and management decisions. This need has been recognized by Trafikverket (the Swedish Transport Administration), which has implemented a software tool developed in the research (BaTMan-LCC) in its bridge and tunnel management system (BaTMan). This thesis introduces readers to the field, considers BaTMan and the bridge stock in Sweden, discusses the developments outlined above and obstacles hindering further implementation of LCCA, then presents proposals for further advances.QC 20131029
3
Ludvigsson, Rebecka. "Life Cycle Costing in the evaluation process of new production lines." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101.
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a Life Cycle Cost model that could be used for investment, budgeting and comparing alternatives. An evaluation of existing models concluded that there was a need for a model that was easy to use and understand but in the same way economical and technical complex. Theoretical and empirical information was gathered in accordance with the purpose and made a base of the model. The model highlights operative, energy and maintenance costs. A case study to test the model has been carried out and selected company for this has been Swedwood International AB which is a part of IKEA. Swedwood currently works with pay back calculations which could lead to wrong decisions during the life length of the investment. The developed LCC model was tested on different techniques for applying an edge on a substrate. The result of the report is that the user will have a clear and structured overview of an investment during its economical life length. A final investment decision demands further tests and evaluations, for example technical test and MCDM. Further researches for the LCC model could be to investigate if the model lacks any critical aspects that should be included. A recommendation for Swedwood is to follow up the developed standards for collecting data at the factories in order to facilitate when investigating for new techniques and comparing between investment options.
Syftet med examensarbetet är att utveckla en livscykelkostnadsmodell som kan användas vid investeringar, budgeteringar och jämförelser. Efter en utvärdering av tillgängliga modeller konstaterades det att behov fanns för en modell som var ekonomisk och teknisk avancerad men ändå användarvänlig. Teori och empiri insamlades i enlighet med syftet och bildade en grund för modellen. Modellen belyser speciellt kostnadsaktiviteter så som operativa, energi och underhållskostnader. En fallstudie för att testa modellen har genomförts och fallföretaget var Swedwood International AB som är en del av IKEA. Swedwood arbetar nu med payback kalkyler vilket kan leda till fel beslut sett till hela investeringens livslängd. Den framtagna LCC modellen testades på olika tekniker för att applicera en kant på ett arbetstycke. Resultatet av rapporten är genom att använda modellen får man en klar och tydlig översikt av alla kostnader under en investerings ekonomiska livslängd. Ett investeringsbeslut kräver ytterligare tester och utvärderingar så som tekniska tester och MCDM. En fortsatt utveckling av modellen kan vara att undersöka om den saknar någon kritisk del som ska var inkluderad. En rekommendation till Swedwood är att följa upp de centralt utvecklade standarder på fabrikerna så att alla samlar in data på samma sätt, vilket skulle underlätta vid implementering av nya tekniker och vid jämförelser av investeringar.
4
Malhotra, Vaibhav. "Life cycle cost analysis of a novel cooling and power gas turbine engine." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011865.
5
Reigle, Jennifer A. "Development of an integrated project-level pavement management model using risk analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1634.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-209).
6
Guven, Zeynep. "Life cycle cost analysis of pavements : state-of-the-practive /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175186260/.
7
Cobert, Austin. "Environmental comparison of Michelin Tweel and pneumatic tire using life cycle analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37202.
Abstract:
Recently Michelin has been developing a new airless, integrated tire and wheel combination called the Tweel. The Tweel promises performance levels beyond those possible with conventional pneumatic technology because of its shear band design, added suspension, and decreased rolling resistance. However, many questions remain as to what kind of environmental impact this radical new design will have. The environmental impact of the Tweel will be compared to a current radial tire used on BMWs, but because of the complexity in manufacturing, using, and disposing these tires it is somewhat difficult to compare environmental problems. Currently there are environmental issues all throughout a tire's lifespan from rubber manufacturing emissions to tire disposal, and the rapidly growing method to evaluate all of these points is Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). LCA is the essential tool required by businesses in order to understand the total environmental impact of their products - cradle-to-grave. By considering the entire life cycle of a Tweel from manufacturing, through use and disposal, and comparing it to knowledge of current tires, an accurate assessment of the entire environmental impact of the Tweel will be made. Since the Tweel is currently still in the research phase and is not currently manufactured and used however, there are uncertainties with respect to end-of-life scenarios and rolling resistance estimates that will affect the LCA. Thus, it will be important to consider a range of options to determine which one will have the most environmental benefits while still keeping the strengths of the Tweel design intact.
8
Glaser, Leonard. "Electricity use analysis of existing and planned university buildings, and opportunities for life cycle costing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60124.
Abstract:
Increasing environmental awareness has initiated a change in building design and efficiency in order to reduce the large amount of energy associated with this industry. Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is a decision-making tool to evaluate the economic long-term benefits of different design options compared to the building’s basic design. LCC analysis can motivate decision-makers to reallocate building budgets towards higher initial capital costs if the long-term operational savings balance higher upfront expenses. However, LCC needs well-calibrated predictive modeling for such savings to be realized. ‘Bottom up’ Energy modeling software has been used to evaluate savings associated with different building designs. Although these models require a large amount of building specific information, their predictions are often far off from the actual energy use. An alternative proposed in this thesis is to use ‘top down’ models that predict energy consumption using aggregate building characteristics such as size, age, type and occupancy. We have developed a ‘top-down’ model for electricity use in buildings based on daily electricity consumption data of 48 research buildings at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The model is a set of linear regressions analyzed with MATLAB. Our model requires only a few simple, aggregate inputs in order to make electricity use predictions. These compare favorably to the more complex LEED energy tested models for ten UBC research buildings. Thus, the ‘top down’ models are an additional, useful tool for energy planning and design. The effort to collect data for such models is also small compared to the ‘bottom-up’ alternative.Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
9
Duff, Jonathan B. "A service life analysis of U.S. Coast Guard C-130 aircraft." View report, 2003. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA413132.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed May 10, 2004). "March 2003." Vita. "AFIT/GAQ/ENS/03-02." "ADA413132"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-135). Also issued in paper format.
10
Wennström, Jonas. "Life Cycle Costing in Road Planning and Management : A Case Study on Collision-free Roads." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154271.
Abstract:
Construction of infrastructure does not only mean large capital investments but also future costs to operate and maintain these assets. Decision making in planning and design of roads will impact the need of future operation and maintenance activities. Additionally, infrastructure management is often under increasing pressure of aging structures, limited budgets and increased demands from public which require transparency in the decision making. Life cycle costing is a methodology that takes into account costs throughout an asset’s life cycle including investment, operation, maintenance and disposal. Despite the methodology’s existence for more than 40 years, the practical application is often reported to be scarce in both private and public sectors. Implementation in road planning and management means a high complexity where the life cycle costing can to be applied from early planning, design, construction and management in which all influence life cycle cost. Life cycle costing can also be applied in many different ways, level of detail and for different type of studies. For effective implementation of life cycle costing in road planning, design and management, different considerations need to be understood. In this thesis the application of life cycle costing has been studied through case study research. The main case selected was an investment to convert a single carriageway road to a, so called, sparse collision-free road. Through widening and separation between driving directions the traffic safety is significantly improved. However, in recent years increased operation and maintenance costs have been associated with the road type. Especially concerns regarding increased road user cost during road works have been expressed. This case was examined in two case studies from different perspectives. The first one was to study the implications on project appraisal and the second one examined the possibility to optimise pavement design. Results from cost benefit analyses based on established road appraisal techniques indicated that operation and maintenance related costs had limited impact on profitability. The second study also indicated that future cost can be influenced differently depending on criteria for optimal alternative. Based on economic analyses using established techniques, increased operation and maintenance liabilities appear to be of limited concern, in contrary to the perception. In future research this need to be set in context of road management with refined analysis in order to study implications for future management.QC 20141028
11
Whatley, Melvin B. "Life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of green roofing systems: the economic and environmental impact of installing green roofs on all atlanta public schools." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39623.
Abstract:
This study examines the relationship between environmental sustainability and green schools, seeking to highlight the benefits and determine the Net Present Value (NPV) installing vegetative roofs on all schools in the Atlanta Public Schools District. This study quantifies the costs and benefits of thin-layer, or extensive, green roof systems as they compare to typical flat roofs on Atlanta Public Schools. Quantifiable benefits are detailed and suggestions are made to create the means by which other social benefits may be quantified. The purpose of this thesis is to establish proof to the Atlanta Public Schools District that over a 40 year period there are more benefits associated with installing vegetative roofs on all of their flat roofs than there are costs. While some may argue that greens roof are more costly than traditional roof systems, this study provides evidence that the cumulative benefits over a 40 year life cycle associated with large scale green roof installations, such as on all Atlanta Public Schools, are greater than the initial costs incurred. Factors included in the analysis of benefits were reductions to energy/utility costs, reduced emissions, and avoided best management practices (BMPs). Other considerations include social benefits resulting from the mitigation of storm water runoff, reductions to the urban heat island, productivity level increases (students and teachers), and avoided regulatory fees.
12
Park, Jaesuk. "Comparative analysis of the VRF system and conventional HVAC systems, focused on life-cycle cost." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50227.
Abstract:
As concern for the environment has been dramatically raised over the recent
decade, all fields have increased their efforts to reduce impact on environment. The field of construction has responded and started to develop the building performance strategies as well as regulations to reduce the impact on the environment. HVAC systems are
obviously one of the key factors of building energy consumption. This study investigates the system performance and economic value of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems relative to conventional HVAC systems by comparing life-cycle cost of VRF systems to that of conventional HVAC systems.
VRF systems consist mainly of one outdoor unit and several indoor units. The
outdoor unit provides all indoor units with cooled or heated refrigerant; with these
refrigerants, each indoor unit serves one zone, delivering either heating or cooling. Due to its special configuration, the VRF system can cool some zones and heat other zones simultaneously.
This comparative analysis covers six building types—medium office, standalone retail, primary school, hotel, hospital, and apartment—in a eleven climate zones—1A Miami, 2A Houston, 2B Phoenix, 3A Atlanta, 3B Las Vegas, 3C San Francisco, 4A Baltimore, 4B Albuquerque, 4C Seattle, 5A Chicago, and 5B Boulder. Energy simulations conducted by EnergyPlus are done for each building type in each climate
zone. Base cases for each simulation are the reference models that U.S. Department of Energy has developed, whereas the alternative case is the same building in the same location with a VRF system. The life-cycle cost analysis provides Net Savings, Savingto-
Investment ratio, and payback years. The major findings are that the VRF system has an average of thirty-nine percent HVAC energy consumption savings. As for the results
of the life-cycle cost analysis, the average of simple payback period is twelve years.
13
Goh, Kai Chen. "Developing financial decision support for highway infrastructure sustainability." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48328/1/Kai_Goh_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
The development of highway infrastructure typically requires major capital input over a long period. This often causes serious financial constraints for investors. The push for sustainability has added new dimensions to the complexity in the evaluation of highway projects, particularly on the cost front. This makes the determination of long-term viability even more a precarious exercise. Life-cycle costing analysis (LCCA) is generally recognised as a valuable tool for the assessment of financial decisions on construction works. However to date, existing LCCA models are deficient in dealing with sustainability factors, particularly for infrastructure projects due to their inherent focus on the economic issues alone.
This research probed into the major challenges of implementing sustainability in highway infrastructure development in terms of financial concerns and obligations. Using results of research through literature review, questionnaire survey of industry stakeholders and semi-structured interview of senior practitioners involved in highway infrastructure development, the research identified the relative importance of cost components relating to sustainability measures and on such basis, developed ways of improving existing LCCA models to incorporate sustainability commitments into long-term financial management. On such a platform, a decision support model incorporated Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and LCCA for the evaluation of the specific cost components most concerned by infrastructure stakeholders. Two real highway infrastructure projects in Australia were then used for testing, application and validation, before the decision support model was finalised. Improved industry understanding and tools such as the developed model will lead to positive sustainability deliverables while ensuring financial viability over the lifecycle of highway infrastructure projects.
14
Meynerts, Lilly. "Lebenszyklusorientierte Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen und -bewertungen im Rahmen der Fabrikplanung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-221055.
Abstract:
Für den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Industrieunternehmen ist die Gestaltung effizienter, funktionsfähiger und an die Erfordernisse des Produktionsumfeldes angepasster Fabriksysteme von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die zielgerichtete Entwicklung und Optimierung solcher Systeme im Rahmen der Fabrikplanung stellt angesichts sich kontinuierlich ändernder Rahmenbedingungen, der Vielzahl zu berücksichtigender Systemelemente und Interdependenzen sowie der Langlebigkeit des Systems eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Um in dem Kontext die Identifikation, Erarbeitung und Auswahl langfristig erfolgversprechender Fabrikkonzepte zu unterstützen, wird innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit ein umfassendes Instrumentarium zur Durchführung lebenszyklusorientierter Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen und -bewertungen entwickelt. Im Kern basierend auf dem Life Cycle Costing dient dieses vorrangig dazu, sämtliche der mit den fabrikplanerischen Festlegungen verbundenen monetären Konsequenzen systematisch zu erfassen und zu beurteilen. Die instrumentelle Ausgestaltung orientiert sich dabei an den Informationsgewinnungs- und Entscheidungsstrukturen der Fabrikplanung und umfasst Ansätze für den Umgang mit der aus der Vielzahl an Systemelementen resultierenden Komplexität ebenso wie konzeptionelle Modifikationen für eine ergänzende Bewertung nicht-monetärer Zielgrößen. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Anforderungen an die Nachhaltigkeit von Fabriksystemen wird das entwickelte Instrumentarium am Beispiel der Bewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen konkretisiert und angesichts der Fülle der für lebenszyklusorientierte Analysen und Bewertungen erforderlichen Daten und Informationen um ein Rahmenkonzept zu dessen IT-gestützter Realisierung erweitertThe development of efficient and functioning factories adapted to the requirements of the production environment is of crucial importance for the economic success and competitiveness of industrial companies. However, the targeted configuration and optimization of such systems is a particular challenge, since constantly changing conditions, a multitude of system elements and interdependencies, and the longevity of the system have to be taken into account. In order to support the identification, generation, and selection of promising planning solutions, a comprehensive instrument for life-cycle oriented profitability analyses and evaluations is developed in this thesis. Essentially basing on Life Cycle Costing it is primarily intended to systematically determine and assess all monetary consequences associated with the generated planning solutions. The instrumental design is oriented toward the structures of information retrieval and decision making in factory planning. It also comprises approaches for handling the complexity that results from the multitude of system elements as well as conceptual modifications for the complementary evaluation of non-monetary assessment criteria. Against the background of increasing demands on the sustainability of factory systems, the developed instrument is exemplarily specified for the evaluation of energy efficiency measures. Furthermore, considering the abundance of data and information required for life-cycle oriented analyses and evaluations in factory planning, the instrument is enhanced by a conceptual framework for its IT- supported implementation
15
Mitchell, Daniel G. "U.S. Army Reserve recruiting : a critical analysis of unit costing and the introduction of a life cycle cost-effectiveness model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA293727.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994."December 1994." Thesis advisor(s): Keebom Kang, Katsuaki L. Terasawa. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
16
Cooper, Jasmin. "Life cycle sustainability assessment of shale gas in the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/life-cycle-sustainability-assessment-of-shale-gas-in-the-uk(692252b3-faab-4428-899c-afbcdeec787a).html.
Abstract:
This research assesses the impacts of developing shale gas in the UK, with the focus of determining whether or not it is possible to develop it sustainably and how it could affect the electricity and gas mix. There is much uncertainty on the impacts of developing shale gas in the UK, as the country is currently in the early stages of exploration drilling and the majority of studies which have been carried out to analyse the effects of shale gas development have been US specific. To address these questions, the environmental, economic and social sustainability have been assessed and the results integrated to evaluate the overall sustainability. The impacts of shale gas electricity have been assessed so that it can be compared with other electricity generation technologies (coal, nuclear, renewables etc.), to ascertain its impacts on the UK electricity mix. Life cycle assessment is used to evaluate the environmental sustainability of shale gas electricity (and other options), while life cycle costing and social sustainability assessment have been used to evaluate the economic and social sustainability. Multi-criteria decision analysis has been used to combine the results of three to evaluate the overall sustainability. The incorporation of shale gas into the UK electricity mix is modelled in two future scenarios for the year 2030. The scenarios compare different levels of shale gas penetration: low and high. The results show that shale gas will have little effect on improving the environmental sustainability and energy security of the UKâs electricity mix, but could help ease energy prices. In comparison with other options, shale gas is not a sustainable option, as it has higher environmental impacts than the non-fossil fuels and conventional gas and liquefied natural gas: 460 g CO2-Eq. is emitted from the shale gas electricity life cycle, while conventional gas emits 420 g CO2-Eq. and wind 12 g CO2-Eq. The power plant and drilling fluid are the main impact hot spots in the life cycle, while hydraulic fracturing contributes a small amount (5%). In addition to this, there are a number of social barriers which need to be addressed, notably: traffic volume and congestion could increase by up to 31%, public support is low and wastewater produced from hydraulic fracturing could put strain on wastewater treatment facilities. However, the results indicate that shale gas is economically viable, as the cost of electricity is cheaper than solar photovoltaic, biomass and hydroelectricity (9.59 p/kWh vs 16.90, 11.90 and 14.40 p/kWh, respectively). The results of this thesis show that there is a trade-off in the impacts, but because of its poor environmental and social ratings shale gas is not the best option for UK electricity. The results also identify areas for improvement which should be targeted, as well as policy recommendations for best practice and regulation if shale gas were to be developed in the UK.
17
Mehdijev, Shamil. "Dimensioning and Life Cycle Costing of Battery Storage System in residential housing- A case study of Local System Operator Concept." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211559.
Abstract:
growing concern on achieving environmental sustainability and at the same time making economical savings has become a necessity in our society. The prices of different battery energy storage technologies together with PV cells are declining all around the globe which has led to the fact that there is an increased interest in investing and using these technologies to be able to reach environmental sustainability. The combined system however, must be accurately calculated both when it comes to the sizing and the different costs related to the combined system to be able to make an economical saving. This thesis addresses both of those aspects in Sweden where a residential building with roof-top installed PV system is assessed with a battery energy storage system. An investigation is necessary to be able to assess the different battery storage technologies available in the market today with their specific technical and economical specifications. The electricity market in Sweden, the role of the Distribution System Operator on the electricity pricing with different time tariffs and fuse size subscription, PV generation and battery specifications are investigated and modeled in this study. Sizing of the different battery technologies for the given system is accomplished through a methodology that is developed in this project for the Swedish system. The calculated size of the battery is then used in the Life Cycle Cost analysis, using Monte Carlo simulations for a chosen period of 25 years.Calculations shows that the most appropriate size for the battery system with the given parameters is 6 kWh for all the battery types investigated in this study. The size of the batteries is also shown to be mainly dependent on the charging/discharging time together with the set fuse size margin. Profitability of the Battery Energy Storage system is proven to be mainly dependent on the fuse size downgrade. Sulphur-Sodium battery result in the greatest savings while Vanadium Redox batteries in the least when sizing the batteries. Lithium-Ion battery technology however is most likely to result in the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity, total- and cycle costs while the highest Net Present Value with 90 % probability in the Monte Carlo simulations. Lithium-Ion battery technology is also found to have the highest probability of having a positive NPV compared to the lowest probability for Sulphur-Sodium battery technology. Lead-Acid battery technology is however shown to have the least uncertainties compared to other Battery Energy Storage technologies due to its maturity. It is additionally shown that government subsidy plays a crucial role when investing in the battery storage system. However, even with the case of removed government subsidy, Lithium-Ion battery technology still results in the largest probability of having a positive NPV while Sulphur-Sodium battery technology results in the lowest probability of having a positive NPV.Den växande oron för att uppnå miljömässig hållbarhet och samtidigt göra ekonomiska besparingar har blivit en nödvändighet i vårt samhälle. Priserna på olika energilagrings teknologier så som batterier tillsammans med PV-celler minskar runt om i världen vilket har lett till att det finns ett ökat intresse när det gäller att investera och använda dessa teknologier för att kunna nå miljömässig hållbarhet. Det kombinerade systemet måste dock noggrant beräknas både när det gäller storleken och de olika kostnaderna för det kombinerade systemet för att kunna göra en ekonomisk besparing. Denna avhandling behandlar båda dessa aspekter i Sverige där en bostadsbyggnad med takmonterat PV system utvärderas med ett batteri system. En undersökning är nödvändig för att kunna bedöma de olika batteri teknologier som finns tillgängliga på marknaden idag med sina specifika tekniska och ekonomiska specifikationer. Elmarknaden i Sverige, Distribution System Operatörs roll för elprissättning med olika tidstariffer och säkringsabonnemang, PV-generation och batterispecifikationer undersöks och modelleras i denna studie. Dimensionering av olika batteri teknologier för det givna systemet uppnås genom en metod som utvecklats i detta projekt för det svenska systemet. Den beräknade storleken på batteriet används sedan i livscykelkostnadsanalysen, med Monte Carlo-simuleringar under en vald period på 25 år. Beräkningar visar att den optimala storleken för batterisystemet med de angivna parametrarna är 6 kWh för alla batterityper som undersöktes i denna studie. Batteriets storlek visar sig också vara huvudsakligen beroende av laddning / urladdningstiden tillsammans med den inställda säkrings storleken. Lönsamheten hos batterilagringssystemet visar sig vara huvudsakligen beroende av säkringens nedgradering. Svavel-Natriumbatteriet resulterar i de största besparingarna medan Vanadium Redox batteriet i de minsta när dimensionering av batteriet äger rum. Litium-Ion batteriet är emellertid sannolikt att leda till den lägsta nivån av elkostnader, total- och cykelkostnader, medan det högsta nettoförsäljningsvärdet med 90% sannolikhet i Monte Carlo-simuleringarna. Litium-Ion batteriet befanns också ha den högsta sannolikheten att ha en positiv NPV jämfört med Svavel-Natriumbatteriet som resulterar i den lägsta sannolikheten. Lead-Acid batteriet visar sig ha den minsta osäkerheten i jämförelse med andra batterilagrings teknologier på grund av dess mognad. Det framgår dessutom att statlig subvention spelar en avgörande roll när man investerar i ett batteri lagrings system. Dock även med borttagna statliga subventioner, resulterar Litium-Ion batteriet fortfarande största sannolikheten för att ha en positiv NPV, medan Svavel-Natriumbatteriet resulterar den lägsta sannolikheten för att ha en positiv NPV.
18
Mariga, Valentina. "Sustainability analysis in the mining sector: a case study on new recycling technologies for sulphidic mine residues valorisation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23270/.
Abstract:
Research has demonstrated that mining activities can cause serious impacts on the environment, as well as the surrounding communities, mainly due to the unsafe storage of mine tailings.
This research focuses on the sustainability assessment of new technologies for the recovery of metals from mine residues. The assessment consists in the evaluation of the environmental, economic, and social impacts through the Life Cycle based methods: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). The analyses are performed on the Mondo Minerals bioleaching project, which aim is to recover nickel and cobalt from the Sotkamo and Vuonos mine tailings.
The LCA demonstrates that the project contributes to the avoided production of nickel and cobalt concentrates from new resources, hence reducing several environmental impacts.
The LCC analysis shows that the company’s main costs are linked to the bioleaching process, caused by electricity consumption and the chemicals used.
The SLCA analyses the impacts on three main stakeholder categories: workers, local community, and society. The results demonstrated that a fair salary (or the absence of it) impacts the workers the most, while the local community stakeholder category impacts are related to the access to material resources. The health and safety category is the most impacted category for the society stakeholder.
The environmental and economic analyses demonstrate that the recovery of mine tailings may represents a good opportunity for mine companies both to reduce the environmental impacts linked to mine tailings and to increase the profitability. In particular, the project helps reduce the amounts of metals extracted from new resources and demonstrates that the use of the bioleaching technology for the extraction of metals can be economically profitable.
19
Ukidwe, Nandan Uday. "Thermodynamic input-output analysis of economic and ecological systems for sustainable engineering." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117555725.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 306 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-306). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
20
Pesonen, L. T. (Lasse T. T. ). "Implementation of design to profit in a complex and dynamic business context." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514264509.
Abstract:
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate a design to profit procedure
and its implementation in industrial case environment. The procedure is
demonstrated as a way to improve profits in a global company. The essential
elements of the procedure are product business case calculations and profit
consciousness of employees. This study utilizes a combination of product life
cycle analysis, advanced costing methods and multidimensional data processing for
the product business case calculations. The combination is necessary for solving
the research task.
The need of proactive design is emphasized in the telecommunications
industry due to shorter and shorter product life cycles. However, traditional
accounting methods do not support proactive design work sufficiently during the
life cycle of the products. The design to profit procedure has been created to
help business managers to solve following problems:
1. How to proactively ensure the growth of business profits in the
future?
2. How to prevent suboptimal decisions from being made in functional units
and to promote overall profitability?
3. How to judge the profitability of new product programs within a
company?
4. How can we ensure an adequate level of cost consciousness and
profitability-driven targets for the company's key employees?
This study presents and discusses the construction of the procedure and
describes its elements, implementation and use in practice. The argumentation is
illustrated by case studies. This method has benefits, especially when the
product life cycles are short and the market competition strong.
The design to profit procedure is a proactive mind set or thinking pattern.
This system makes the employees aware of the importance target profitability and
especially target costing. There is no decision support system that could
guarantee the profitability of business. Cautious utilization of the system
results and common sense are required to achieve continuous growth of business
profits.
21
Romaniw, Yuriy Alexander. "The relationship between light-weighting with carbon fiber reinforced polymers and the life cycle environmental impacts of orbital launch rockets." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50298.
Abstract:
A study was undertaken to determine if light-weighting orbital launch vehicles (rockets) improves lifetime environmental impacts of the vehicle. Light-weighting is performed by a material substitution where metal structures in the rocket are replaced with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP’s). It is uncertain whether light-weighting the rocket in the same way as traditional vehicles are light-weighted would provide similar environmental benefits. Furthermore, the rocket system is significantly different from traditional vehicles and undergoes an atypical lifecycle, making analysis non-trivial. Seventy rocket configurations were sized using a Parametric Rocket Sizing Model (PRSM) which was developed for this research. Four different propellant options, three staging options, and eighteen different lift capacities were considered. Each of these seventy rockets did not include CFRP’s, thus establishing a baseline. The seventy rockets were then light-weighted with CFRP’s, making a total of seventy pairs of rockets. An environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed on each of the rockets to determine lifetime environmental impacts. During the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), a Carbon Fiber Production Model was developed to determine the environmental burdens of carbon fiber production and to address issues identified with carbon fiber’s embodied burdens. The results of the LCA were compared across all rockets to determine what effects light-weighting had on environmental impact. The final conclusion is that light-weighting reduces lifetime environmental impacts of Liquid Oxygen-Rocket Propellant 1 and Nitrogen Tetroxide-Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine rockets, while it likely benefits Liquid Oxygen-Liquid Hydrogen rockets. Light-weighting increases lifetime environmental impacts of Solid Propellant rockets.
22
Bergheim, Kirtan, Clemens Gerbaulet, Nico Graßhoff, Barnabas Kittlaus, Helge Klapper, Max Plischtil, Franziska Rehm, Ramona Scheel, and Arne Kirsch. "Anwendung monetärer und nicht-monetärer Entscheidungsinstrumente am Beispiel von Investitionsentscheidungen der MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-27575.
Abstract:
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Beschaffungsprozess der MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG analysiert. Zu diesem Zweck werden drei verschiedene Methoden angewendet. Das Ziel besteht darin herauszufinden, inwieweit die Berücksichtigung ökologischer Aspekte den Entscheidungsprozess beeinflusst, sodass nachhaltige Beschaffung eine sinnvolle Option bieten kann. Dazu werden verschiedene Beschaffungsalternativen unter Verwendung der Ansätze zur Lebenszykluskostenrechnung, Ökobilanzierung und Hemmnisanalyse verglichen. Ziel ist es, Empfehlungen für zukünftige Investitionsentscheidungen abzuleiten. Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung zeigt, dass die Ausweitung der Investitionsbetrachtung auf den gesamten Lebenszyklus weit über konventionelle Ansätze hinaus gehen.
23
Kimbrough, Anthony K. "Developing cost per flying hour factors for the operations and maintenance phase of the satellite life cycle." View thesis, 2003. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415257.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed July 1, 2004). "March 2003." Vita. "AFIT/GCA/ENV/03-04." "ADA415257"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also issued in paper format.
24
Honzíková, Drahomíra. "Zhodnocení nákladů životního cyklu u vybraného produktu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76020.
Abstract:
The goal of Master's Thesis is an identification of life cycle costs of vacuum cleaners. Next point is an analysis of these life cycle cost by using value analysis. The theoretical part is focused on definitions of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Value Analysis (VA). The practical part, which is fundamental, contains identification of life cycle cost of selected vacuum cleaners, life cycle costing of selected vacuum cleaners and their value analysis. Result of this Master's Thesis is an interpretation of the results and the suggestion of steps for consumers and producers of vacuum cleaners.
25
Noring, Maria. "Valuing ecosystem services - linking ecology and policy." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155878.
Abstract:
Ecosystem services constitute a precondition for human welfare and survival. This concept has also become increasingly popular among both scientists and policymakers. Several initiatives have been taken to identify and value ecosystem services. Several services are threatened, and it has been concluded that in order to better manage ecosystem services they need to be further investigated and valued. By measuring them using a common metric—monetary value—they can be more easily compared and included in decision-making tools. This thesis contributes to this goal by presenting values for several ecosystem services and also including them in decision-making tools. Starting with a discussion of the concept of ecosystem services, this thesis aims to present values for certain ecosystem services and to illustrate the use of these values in systems-analysis tools such as cost-benefit analyses (CBA) and a weighting set. Links between ecology, economics and policy are discussed within a broader framework of ecosystem services. Five papers are included, in which two contingent valuation studies (CV) have been used to find values for different ecosystem services. One valuation study is focused on the effects from tributyltin (TBT) in Swedish marine waters. In addition, a quantitative assessment framework has been developed in order to simplify analysis of environmental status, progress in environmental surveillance and the relevance of different measures. It is suggested that the framework should also be used when assessing the impacts of other substances affecting the environment. The second valuation study investigates the risk of an oil spill in northern Norway. The results have been included in two CBAs and a weighting set. The first CBA compares costs for remediation of polluted sediments, caused by TBT, with the benefits of reducing TBT levels. The second CBA compares costs and benefits for reducing the probability of an oil spill. The weighting set includes monetary values on a number of impact categories where marine toxicity is based on the valuation study on TBT. One study also examines the inclusion of environmental costs in life cycle costing (LCC) in different sectors in Sweden. Results show that respondents consider ecosystem values to be important. The values of Swedish marine waters and coastal areas outside Lofoten-Vesterålen in Norway have been identified and quantified in terms of biodiversity, habitat, recreation and scenery. In the Norwegian case, an ongoing debate on the issue of oil and gas exploration has had an impact on the number of protest bids found in the study. Based on the cost and benefits of limiting impacts on ecosystem services derived from the valuation studies, CBAs show that the suggested measures are most likely beneficial for society, and the results contribute to policy recommendations. A weighting set has been updated with new values through value transfer. The weighting set is compatible with LCA. The final study shows that companies and public organisations use environmental costs (internal and external) in a limited manner. In this thesis the ecosystem service concept is used both as an introduction and a guiding thread for the reader, as a way to frame the studies undertaken. The concept of ecosystem services can be useful, as it emphasises the importance of the services to humans. By finding and presenting values of ecosystem services, such services are more easily incorporated into decision-making.QC 20141121
26
Romaniw, Yuriy. "An activity based method for sustainable manufacturing modeling and assessments in SysML." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34717.
Abstract:
Traditionally, environmental impacts of man made products have been determined by performing a life cycle assessment (LCA) on the product. As the name implies, LCA is usually covers the entire life of the product in a so-called "cradle-to-grave" assessment. In determining environmental impacts over the whole product life, LCA's are reasonably adequate. However, in providing detailed impacts on a particular phase of life, LCA's are lacking. Detailed assessments are important because very few stakeholders have influence over a product during all phases of life. Stakeholders need detailed impact assessments in their particular phase of life. More detailed assessments give stakeholders more information that can be used for better environmental management (EM) and more environmentally benign operations. In many LCA's, the manufacturing phase of life has been over-generalized and over-simplified because of its relatively small environmental impact, as compared to other phases of life. Nevertheless, certain stakeholders, such as manufacturing companies, need detailed impact information for the manufacturing phase of life so that they can create a more sustainable manufacturing process. Most traditional LCA's use a case-based approach, which was deemed to be inadequate. For these LCA's, the information provided for each case is often quite detailed and specific. However, this makes the assessment less flexible, limiting the quality of the assessment to the degree that the current scenario matches the existing cases. In order to make a more user-specific assessment, a model-based approach was used. To give the model flexibility, a parametric model was created based on mathematical equations that represent various parts of the manufacturing process. To give the model structure, an activity-based costing (ABC) approach was used. Using the ABC structure, the manufacturing process was broken down into activities, each of which was characterized by mathematical models. Large models would be difficult to construct and simulate by hand, so a model was built with the aid of a computer. The modeling language SysML (Systems Modeling Language) was used to create an object-oriented model of the manufacturing process, using the ABC structure. SysML defines overall properties and behaviors of the various elements in the model, while the plug-in tool ParaMagic was used to execute the model via a Mathematica Solver. The model computes carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and waste mass generation for a particular manufacturing scenario. The goal of the model was to quantify environmental impact factors in order to aid manufacturing stakeholders in EM. The overall goal of the research was to determine whether an activity-based, object-oriented model was a valid approach, and whether the computer-aided tools adequately implemented this approach. Findings show that SysML is capable of modeling large and complex systems. However, due to some limitations of Paramagic, only some of SysML's capabilities were utilized. Nevertheless, Paramagic is capable of extracting information out of a manufacturing model built in SysML, and solving parametric relations in Mathematica in a timely manner. Timely solutions of complex models are critical for stakeholders keeping a competitive edge.
27
Sardesai, Shailesh. "On reliability estimation of large electronic systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177012132.
28
Vorarat, Suparatchai. "Developing a model to suit whole life costing analysis and applications for assets in the oil and gas industry." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369839.
29
Orire, Endurance. "The techno-economics of bitumen recovery from oil and tar sands as a complement to oil exploration in Nigeria / E. Orire." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5704.
Abstract:
The Nigeria economy is wholly dependent on revenue from oil. However, bitumen has been discovered in
the country since 1903 and has remained untapped over the years. The need for the country to
complement oil exploration with the huge bitumen deposit cannot be overemphasized. This will help to
improve the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and revenue available to government. Bitumen is
classifled as heavy crude with API (American petroleum Institute) number ranging between 50 and 110
and occurs in Nigeria, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela etc from which petroleum products could be
derived.
This dissertation looked at the Canadian experience by comparing the oil and tar sand deposit found in Canada with particular reference to Athabasca (Grosmont, Wabiskaw McMurray and Nsiku) with
that in Nigeria with a view of transferring process technology from Canada to Nigeria. The Nigeria and Athabasca tar sands occur in the same type of environment. These are the deltaic, fluvial marine deposit in an incised valley with similar reservoir, chemical and physical properties. However, the Nigeria tar sand is more asphaltenic and also contains more resin and as such will yield more product volume during
hydro cracking albeit more acidic. The differences in the components (viscosity, resin and asphaltenes
contents, sulphur and heavy metal contents) of the tar sands is within the limit of technology adaptation.
Any of the technologies used in Athabasca, Canada is adaptable to Nigeria according to the findings of this research.
The techno-economics of some of the process technologies are. x-rayed using the PTAC (petroleum
technology alliance Canada) technology recovery model in order to obtain their unit cost for Nigeria
bitumen. The unit cost of processed bitumen adopting steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in situ
combustion (ISC) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process technology is 40.59, 25.00 and 44.14
Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Canada using the same process technology is 57.27, 25.00
and 61.33 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Nigeria is substantively lesser than in Canada.
A trade off is thereafter done using life cycle costing so as to select the best process technology for the
Nigeria oil/tar sands. The net present value/internal rate of return is found to be B$3,062/36.35% for
steam assisted gravity drainage, B$I,570124.51 % for cyclic steam stimulation and B$3,503/39.64% for in
situ combustion. Though in situ combustion returned the highest net present value and internal rate of
return, it proved not to be the best option for Nigeria due to environmental concern and response time to
production. The best viable option for the Nigeria tar sand was then deemed to be steam assisted gravity
drainage.
An integrated oil strategy coupled with cogeneration using MSAR was also seen to considerably amplify
the benefits accruable from bitumen exploration; therefore, an investment in bitumen exploration in
Nigeria is a wise economic decision.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
30
Brindle, Kari Elizabeth. "The relationship between life-cycle costing and performance an exploratory analysis /." Diss., 2005. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-03232005-123235/.
31
Meynerts, Lilly. "Lebenszyklusorientierte Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen und -bewertungen im Rahmen der Fabrikplanung: Entwicklung eines Analyse- und Bewertungsinstrumentariums unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Energieeffizienz." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20665.
Abstract:
Für den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Industrieunternehmen ist die Gestaltung effizienter, funktionsfähiger und an die Erfordernisse des Produktionsumfeldes angepasster Fabriksysteme von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die zielgerichtete Entwicklung und Optimierung solcher Systeme im Rahmen der Fabrikplanung stellt angesichts sich kontinuierlich ändernder Rahmenbedingungen, der Vielzahl zu berücksichtigender Systemelemente und Interdependenzen sowie der Langlebigkeit des Systems eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Um in dem Kontext die Identifikation, Erarbeitung und Auswahl langfristig erfolgversprechender Fabrikkonzepte zu unterstützen, wird innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit ein umfassendes Instrumentarium zur Durchführung lebenszyklusorientierter Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen und -bewertungen entwickelt. Im Kern basierend auf dem Life Cycle Costing dient dieses vorrangig dazu, sämtliche der mit den fabrikplanerischen Festlegungen verbundenen monetären Konsequenzen systematisch zu erfassen und zu beurteilen. Die instrumentelle Ausgestaltung orientiert sich dabei an den Informationsgewinnungs- und Entscheidungsstrukturen der Fabrikplanung und umfasst Ansätze für den Umgang mit der aus der Vielzahl an Systemelementen resultierenden Komplexität ebenso wie konzeptionelle Modifikationen für eine ergänzende Bewertung nicht-monetärer Zielgrößen. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Anforderungen an die Nachhaltigkeit von Fabriksystemen wird das entwickelte Instrumentarium am Beispiel der Bewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen konkretisiert und angesichts der Fülle der für lebenszyklusorientierte Analysen und Bewertungen erforderlichen Daten und Informationen um ein Rahmenkonzept zu dessen IT-gestützter Realisierung erweitert.The development of efficient and functioning factories adapted to the requirements of the production environment is of crucial importance for the economic success and competitiveness of industrial companies. However, the targeted configuration and optimization of such systems is a particular challenge, since constantly changing conditions, a multitude of system elements and interdependencies, and the longevity of the system have to be taken into account. In order to support the identification, generation, and selection of promising planning solutions, a comprehensive instrument for life-cycle oriented profitability analyses and evaluations is developed in this thesis. Essentially basing on Life Cycle Costing it is primarily intended to systematically determine and assess all monetary consequences associated with the generated planning solutions. The instrumental design is oriented toward the structures of information retrieval and decision making in factory planning. It also comprises approaches for handling the complexity that results from the multitude of system elements as well as conceptual modifications for the complementary evaluation of non-monetary assessment criteria. Against the background of increasing demands on the sustainability of factory systems, the developed instrument is exemplarily specified for the evaluation of energy efficiency measures. Furthermore, considering the abundance of data and information required for life-cycle oriented analyses and evaluations in factory planning, the instrument is enhanced by a conceptual framework for its IT- supported implementation.
32
Field, Sari. "Towards vehicular sustainability development of environment impact metrics /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/8977.