To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Life cycle effect.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Life cycle effect'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Life cycle effect.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Reynolds, Kristen Lee. "THE LIFE-CYCLE EFFECT ON CIVIC ENGAGEMENT ACROSS TIME." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192972.
Full text
2
Deutsch, Matthias. "The effect of life-cycle cost disclosure on consumer behavior." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6794.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Public Policy. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
3
Ha, Eun-Jeong. "The effect of the female life cycle on measurements of Selenium status /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488188894438831.
Full text
4
Rossick, Katelyn M. "The effect of carbonation after demolition on the life cycle assessment of pavements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89979.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
The high contribution of CO₂ emissions associated with pavements has driven research to assess the life cycle of concrete versus asphalt structures and to develop a strategy to reduce the carbon footprint. The life cycle of pavement has been studied with respect to CO₂ emissions in the use phase of concrete as well as after the concrete is demolished. However, only a few have considered the effects of CO₂ uptake in the carbonation process during the use phase, and even fewer have studied the effects of carbonation after demolition. This work fills the gap between estimates of carbonation in a life cycle assessment for pavements by considering the effects of the storage method on the uptake of CO₂ after the concrete demolished. It is observed that how the concrete is stored after demolition can have an influence on the CO₂ uptake of the structure. There is also an increase in the amount of the CO₂ emitted during the calcination process that is taken back up by the concrete structure during the carbonation process to a level of 6 - 30% from previously predicted values of 5-10% which assume no carbonation after demolition. The incorporation of carbonation after demolition into a comparative life cycle assessment between asphalt and concrete pavement is used to better predict the pavement material with the lower environmental impact considering variations in the climate zone, traffic level, maintenance schedule, design life and analysis period.
by Katelyn M. Rossick.
S.B.
5
Sowder, James Loyd. "Assessing the effect of design for producibility on repairable product life-cycle cost." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45192.
Full textAbstract:
A life-cycle cost evaluation model is presented to assess the effect of design decisions (made in an attempt to induce higher degrees of producibility) upon a product's life-cycle cost. The model provides a measure of effectiveness in terms of an expected annual equivalent total system life-cycle cost for a deployed population of the product being evaluated.
Parametric relationships are established between aspects of the product and the level to which the product is designed for producibility. These aspects include areas of cost arising during each phase of the product life cycle. The model limits the number of product design alternatives to three scenarios which are defined as a product designed to be highly, moderately, and less producible. The best of the three design alternatives is selected based upon the life-cycle costs calculated.Master of Science
6
Iyer, Prasad. "The Effect of Maintenance Policy on System Maintenance and System Life-Cycle Cost." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31815.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents a framework system dynamics (simulation) model that evaluates the effect of maintenance policies on system performance and life-cycle cost. The model highlights factors such as learning, aging and the technological upgrades that occur during the life-cycle of a system. The metrics used to measure the effectiveness of maintenance policies are the system life-cycle cost and cumulative breakdowns. In this research, a varying maintenance policy has been modeled using system dynamics methodology to determine the future performance of the system that is dependent upon its past performance when breakdowns occur randomly. The main objective of this modeling approach is to balance the cost of preventive maintenance actions with the opportunity losses due to system breakdowns. The approach used in this research primarily involves forecasting future breakdowns using an average of accumulated opportunity losses.
This research effort was mainly aimed at developing a (framework) model to determine effective maintenance policy for a system and evaluating the effect on the life-cycle cost for various scenarios. This model could further form the basis of a decision support system for maintenance modeling.Master of Science
7
Pretorius, Suzaan. "The Effect of Project Types and Project Life Cycle Phases on Leadership Style." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72418.
Full textAbstract:
With the current trend towards empowered teams, hierarchical company structures are increasingly being replaced by team-based ones. As a result, a shift in the classic understanding of leadership is needed and research on leadership in project management is increasing. Two major concepts have developed in recent years: shared and vertical leadership styles. This thesis reports on the development of a new Model of leadership styles that considers the effect of project types and the project life cycle phases on leadership style (vertical versus shared leadership), and how an appropriate balance between the two styles influences the likelihood of project management success. A web-based questionnaire yielded 313 complete responses and the data was analysed using hypothesis testing. Based on this empirical work and relevant literature, a novel Model is proposed. The Model explains how project types and life cycle phases influence the appropriateness of different leadership styles, and it guides the practitioner to selecting appropriate leadership styles for specific situations. Recommendations for furthering the model are discussed.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
NRF
Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM)
PhD (Project Management)
Unrestricted
8
Kumar, Ramesh. "Effect of cumulative seismic damage and corrosion on life-cycle cost of reinforced concrete bridges." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2474.
Full text
9
Tavassoli, Sam. "Determinants and Effects of Innovation : Context Matters." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00594.
Full textAbstract:
Innovation and technological change is the major factor of production, renewal, and competitiveness of firms and nations in the contemporary “knowledge economy”. The overall purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the innovative behavior of firms in various sectors and regions. In particular, I have analyzed the determinants (driving forces) of firms’ innovation on the one hand (in paper 1 and 2), and the effect of firms’ innovation on the other hand (in paper 3 and 4). In addition, a central concern in this dissertation is that context, in which firms operate and innovate, matters for innovation. I take into account several contexts in the analyses of both the determinants and effects of innovation. These contexts are: the regions in which firms are located, the dynamics of industries, and the dynamics of cluster in which firms belong to. This dissertation consists of four separate papers plus an introductory chapter. Each paper can be read independently, but all of them deal with either determinants or effects of the innovation of firms. The first paper analyzes the effect of various firm-specific determinants on firms’ innovation output. It also considers the stages of the Industry Life Cycle (ILC) as a context in which firms operate and innovate. Using the Community Innovation Survey data for manufacturing and service sectors in Sweden during 2002-2004, I find that the importance of various determinants of firms’ innovation depends on the stages of the ILC in which they operate. The second paper is again investigates the determinants of innovation, but this time incorporates another context that affect the innovation, i.e. the regions that firms belong to. Using the patent applications data as a measure of innovation in all functional regions in Sweden during 2002-2007, we find that both the internal knowledge generated within the region and the inflow of external knowledge matter for innovation of firms located in the regions. Moreover, the extent of related variety of knowledge in the region has the superior role to promote innovation. The third paper examines the effect of a firm’s innovation output on firm’s performance. Export behavior of firms is chosen as a performance indicator. Particular attention is devoted to distinguishing between innovation input and innovation output and to isolate their effects on export behavior of firms. Using two waves of Swedish Community Innovation Survey data during 2002-2006 merged with registered firm-level data, I find that what really matters for enhancing the export behavior of firms is the innovation output of firms, rather than the innovation input (mere efforts in investing in innovation activities). The fourth paper also analyzes the effect of innovation on performance measures but this time incorporates another context, i.e. the life cycle of the regional cluster that firms belong to. This paper delves into a particular cluster, i.e. Linköping ICT cluster. Using data collected through interviews during 2009 and 2012 on key cluster actors, we find that innovation is among the factors that are always highly important at any given stage of the cluster’s evolution, however, it has slightly greater importance during the “growing” stage.
10
Reddy, Kothi Abhilash. "The impact of replenishment parameters and information sharing on bullwhip effect for short life cycle products." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Full text
11
Lopez, de Blas Ignacio. "Effect of crowdedness in the life cycle of lysenin studied by high-speed atomic force microscopy." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0124/document.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreuses fonctions de la membrane plasma dépendent de manière vitale de sa structure et de sa dynamique. L’observation d’une diffusion anomale in vivo et in vitro par l’utilisation de la microscopie en fluorescence et par le pistage de particules Isolées ont permis de développer notre conception de la membrane, en la faisant passer d’un fluide homogène à deux couches avec des protéines se diffusant librement, à une mosaïque extrêmement organisée, surpeuplée et agglomérée de lipides et de protéines. Malheureusement, il n’a pas été possible d’apparenter les diffusions anomales à des détails moléculaires en raison du manque de capacité d’observation moléculaire directe et unmarqués Dans cotre cas, nous utilisons la microscopie à force atomique à grande vitesse, et une méthodologie d’analyse innovante pour analyser le pore en formant la protéine Lysine dans un environnement surpeuplé et nous documentons l’existence de différents régimes de diffusion au sein de la même membrane. Nous montrons la formation de phases locales de verre, où les protéines sont attrapées dans des cages formées par proximité cages sur des échelles de temps allant jusqu’à 10 s, ce qui n’avait pas été antérieurement observé de manière expérimentale pour les membranes biologiques. De plus, autour de patchs d’apparence solide et de molécules immobiles nous avons pu détecter une phase du verre plus lente qui mène à l’emprisonnement de la protéine et à la création d’un périmètre de diffusion de la membrane diminuéMany functions of the plasma membrane depend critically on itsstructure and dynamics. Observation of anomalous diffusion in vivo and in vitro usingfluorescence microscopy and single particle tracking has advanced our concept of themembrane from a homogeneous fluid bilayer with freely diffusing proteins to a highlyorganized crowded and clustered mosaic of lipids and proteins. Unfortunately,anomalous diffusion could not be related to local molecular details given the lack ofdirect and unlabeled molecular observation capabilities. Here, we use high-speedatomic force microscopy and a novel analysis methodology to analyze the poreforming protein lysenin in a highly crowded environment and document coexistenceof several diffusion regimes within one membrane. We show the formation of localglassy phases, where proteins are trapped in neighbor-formed cages for time scales upto 10 s, which had not been previously experimentally reported for biologicalmembranes. Furthermore, around solid-like patches and immobile molecules aslower glass phase is detected leading to protein trapping and creating a perimeter ofdecreased membrane diffusion
12
Wang, Shan. "Further study of Life Cycle Assessment of a high density data center cooling system – Teliasonera’s “Green Room” concept : Identification of improvement possibilities using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and discussion about the effect of the choice of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods on the results." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117983.
Full textAbstract:
The growing industry of Information and Communication Technology requires higher computing capacity of data centers. The air conditioning in data centers is a key to assure a sustainable computing environment. However, the traditional cooling systems cost large environmental footprints especially on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, a green innovation of data center cooling solutions is taking place. The telecommunication company Teliasonera is developing a high density data center cooling system - the “Green Room” and has been studying the environmental performance of this system using a Life Cycle approach. As an extension of the previous study, more aspects of the project i.e. the location of the data center, life span, alternative cooling solutions, energy recovery possibilities and uncertainty analysis is explored using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The comparison of locations of the Green Room indicates that the local temperature and electricity production sources are essential factors for the environmental performance of the Green Room. The analysis of the Green Room’s life span reveals that the utilization phase may not always cause the most significant impact during the whole life cycle of the Green Room. If the life span changes, the manufacture phase may predominate the life cycle of the Green Room. The comparative result of alternative cooling technologies addresses that utilizing “natural coolant” (e.g. geo cooling) is a key for sustainable cooling innovation as it could significantly reduce the environmental footprint of the cooling system. Besides, heating a single building (partly) by the waste heat generated from the Green Room could save 30% of cumulative energy input and could reduce more than half of the total environmental impact. Additionally, results uncertainties caused by the choice of different LCIA methods are discussed in the end of the study.Teliasonera's Green Room concept
13
Smith, Joel Vincent. "Studies on the effect of marital status change upon life-cycle well-being of women and children /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992914.
Full text
14
Quinteiro, Paula Sofia Gil Neto. "Environmental impacts of freshwater use and suspended solids in life cycle assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15734.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Ciências e Engenharia do AmbientePerturbation of natural ecosystems, namely by increasing freshwater use and its degradative use, as well as topsoil erosion by water of land-use production systems, have been emerging as topics of high environmental concern. Freshwater use has become a focus of attention in the last few years for all stakeholders involved in the production of goods, mainly agro-industrial and forest-based products, which are freshwater-intensive consumers, requiring large inputs of green and blue water. This thesis presents a global review on the available Water Footprint Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-based methods for measuring and assessing the environmental relevance of freshwater resources use, based on a life cycle perspective. Using some of the available midpoint LCA-based methods, the freshwater use-related impacts of a Portuguese wine (white ‘vinho verde’) were assessed. However, the relevance of environmental green water has been neglected because of the absence of a comprehensive impact assessment method associated with green water flows. To overcome this constraint, this thesis helps to improve and enhance the LCA-based methods by providing a midpoint and spatially explicit Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method for assessing impacts on terrestrial green water flow and addressing reductions in surface blue water production caused by reductions in surface runoff due to land-use production systems. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by a case study on Eucalyptus globulus conducted in Portugal, as the growth of short rotation forestry is largely dependent on local precipitation. Topsoil erosion by water has been characterised as one of the most upsetting problems for rivers. Because of this, this thesis also focuses on the ecosystem impacts caused by suspended solids (SS) from topsoil erosion that reach freshwater systems. A framework to conduct a spatially distributed SS delivery to freshwater streams and a fate and effect LCIA method to derive site-specific characterisation factors (CFs) for endpoint damage on aquatic ecosystem diversity, namely on algae, macrophyte, and macroinvertebrates organisms, were developed. The applicability of this framework, combined with the derived site-specific CFs, is shown by conducting a case study on E. globulus stands located in Portugal as an example of a land use based system. A spatially explicit LCA assessment was shown to be necessary, since the impacts associated with both green water flows and SS vary greatly as a function of spatial location.
As perturbações no equilíbrio dos ecossistemas devido ao aumento do uso de água doce, do aumento da sua poluição, e da erosão do solo pela água, são temas emergentes e de elevada significância na avaliação da sustentabilidade. Na presente tese é efetuada uma revisão de literatura dos métodos desenvolvidos para contabilizar e avaliar os impactes do uso de água doce, numa perspetiva de ciclo de vida. O método da pegada de água desenvolvido pela Water Footprint Network, e os vários métodos desenvolvidos com base na metodologia de Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) foram analisados. Os impactes decorrentes do uso de água para a produção do vinho verde branco produzido em Portugal, foram contabilizados e avaliados, por aplicação de alguns destes métodos de ACV. A relevância da água verde na regulação dos serviços do ecossistema tem sido ‘esquecida’ devido à ausência de um método capaz de avaliar os impactes ambientais decorrentes de alterações dos fluxos de água verde. Para superar esta lacuna, na presente tese é apresentado um método de Avaliação de impacte do Ciclo de (AICV) midpoint que permite uma avaliação espacialmente diferenciada dos impactes decorrentes das alterações dos fluxos de água verde que retornam à atmosfera em resultado de atividades de uso de solo. Este método permite também uma avaliação da redução de produção de água azul devido a reduções no escoamento superficial. A aplicabilidade deste método é demonstrada num caso de estudo de povoamentos de Eucalyptus globulus localizados em Portugal, os quais dependem fortemente da precipitação local. A erosão do solo pela água afeta os ecossistemas aquáticos, nomeadamente quando os sólidos suspensos (SS) atingem os rios. Na presente tese foi desenvolvida uma abordagem para estabelecer inventários de SS espacialmente diferenciados, e um método de AICV endpoint que permite obter fatores de caracterização específicos para avaliar os impactes ambientais diretos dos SS em algas, macrófitas e macroinvertebrados. A aplicabilidade da abordagem de inventário e do método endpoint foi demonstrada num caso de estudo de povoamentos de E. globulus localizados em Portugal. Tanto os impactes associados aos fluxos de água verde como os impactes relativos aos SS variam significativamente em função da localização do sistema de uso de solo em análise, pelo que se conclui que a inclusão da variabilidade espacial deve ser considerada em métodos de ACV.
15
Jatar, Muriel M. "Assessing the Effect of Selenium on the Life-cycle of Two Aquatic Invertebrates: 'Ceriodaphnia dubia' and 'Chironomus dilutus'." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24036.
Full textAbstract:
Runoff and effluent discharge from mining activities has resulted in elevated concentrations of selenium in aquatic ecosystems. Bioavailability is dependent on chemical speciation. Although dissolved inorganic Se species are not directly toxic to organisms, uptake by primary producers and subsequent biotransformation to organo-selenium species substantially increase risk and bioaccumulation potential, potentially impairing reproduction in high-order organisms. The effects of dietary selenium exposure were assessed in two aquatic invertebrates: Ceriodaphnia dubia and Chironomus dilutus. Two generations of these organisms were exposed to seleniferous algae grown in 0-40 μg L-1 selenate. Dissolved selenate was readily absorbed and concentrated by algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella kesslerii. Se had no effect on survival at treated concentrations. Dietary selenium exposures had little effect on reproductive endpoints in either invertebrate species, suggesting that invertebrates have the ability to regulate chronic Se exposures from dietary sources. These results provide valuable information concerning the effects of dietary selenium in aquatic invertebrates.
16
Sharma, Sabita. "Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management regarding Green House Gas Emission: A Case Study of Östersund Municipality, Sweden." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17409.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to undertake a comprehensive analysis of different waste management systems for the wastes produced in Östersund municipality of Sweden with an impact assessment limited to greenhouse gas emissions and their total environmental effects in terms of global warming potential, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential. A life cycle assessment methodology is used by integrating knowledge from waste collection, transportation, waste management processes and the product utilization. The analytical framework included the definition of functional unit, system boundaries, complimentary system design, waste management, and partial use of the energy. Three different municipal solid waste management scenarios, incineration, composting, and digestion were considered for the study. All wastes from Östersund municipality were classified into biodegradable and combustible and thereafter treated for energy and compost production. Greenhouse gas emissions and total environmental impacts were quantified and evaluated their corresponding benefits compared to three different types of marginal energy production system. The results showed that the major greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions are greater in composting scenario, whereas methane emission is greater in digestion scenario. Composting scenario that uses additional coal fuel has greater global warming potential and acidification potential compared to other scenarios. Composting scenario using wood fuel additional energy has greater eutrophication potential. The highest reduction in global warming potential is achieved when digestion scenario replace coal energy. The greater reduction in acidification and eutrophication potential achieved when digestion scenario replaced coal energy, and wood fuel respectively. Based on the assumptions made, digestion scenario appears to be the best option to manage solid waste of Östersund municipality if the municipality goal is to reduce total environmental impact. Although there may have plentiful of uncertainties, digestion and incineration scenario results are competitive in reducing environmental effects, and based on the assumptions and factors used for the analysis, the results and conclusions from this study appear to be strong. Key words: Solid waste, incineration, composting, digestion, total environmental effect, wood fuel, biogas.
17
Larsen, Henrik Fred. "Assessment of chemical emissions in life cycle impact assessment : focus on low substances data availability and ecotoxicity effect indicators /." Department of Manufacturing, Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark, 2004. http://tempo.ipl.dtu.dk/ipl/upload/publ/PhD-thesis-rev.pdf.
Full text
18
Ryckman, Kirssa Cline. "Repression and the Civil-War Life-Cycle: Explaining the Use and Effect of Repression Before, During, and After Civil War." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238651.
Full textAbstract:
The central goal of this project is to better understand the relationship between civil war and repression at each phase of the "civil-war life-cycle," which is composed of the escalation and onset of civil war, the war itself, and the post-war period. The project then seeks to understand the role of repression in civil war onset, where repression is argued to be either a permissive condition or a direct cause of civil war, where the role of repression is tied to what type of civil war occurs. As a permissive condition, repression essentially provides the opportunity for a group to carry out an attack, invasion, mutiny, and the like. During other conflicts, repression may be a direct cause of the war. The repression of protest movements may lead those groups to view "normal," non-violent political channels as closed, while also increasing grievances and therefore their willingness to fight. This direct mechanism along with the escalation process that leads to civil war is explored in depth, using data from the 2011 Arab Spring. This project also seeks to explain when conflicts are likely to be accompanied by harsh repression and the targeting of civilians, and to address whether that strategy is effective. It is argued that insurgencies rely on civilian populations for material and non-material support; if the government targets this resource pool then it may be able to undercut that lifeline and thus the military effectiveness of the group. Yet, as repression is costly this is only a strategy likely to be employed when the rebels are gaining ground, when they are relatively strong and militarily effective. As such, governments that employ repression as a war-time strategy are likely beginning from a point of weakness or disadvantage. It is thus further argued that the "gamble" of repression is not likely to reverse the government's fortunes; rather, wars marked by high levels of repression are most likely to end in stalemate. Finally, the use of, or the restraint from using, repression in post-war periods is also explored. Little attention has thus far been paid to the use of repression in post-conflict states, despite the growing literature on the consequences of conflict and the importance of this time for rebuilding and establishing peace. Here, the transformation of the war-time threat, together with various constraints against using repression in the post-war period, are considered.
19
Zhao, Jing. "Household debt service burden outlook an exploration on the effect of credit constraints /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054650767.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 210 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-210). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
20
Wang, Shan. "Further study of the “GreenRoom” concept – an approach to sustainable datacenter cooling solution : Identification of improvement possibilities using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and discussion about the effect of the choice of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods on the results." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116474.
Full textAbstract:
The growing industry of Information and Communication Technology requires higher computing capacity of data centers/technical sites. The air conditioning in data centers is the key to assure a sustainable computing environment. However, the traditional cooling systems cost are responsible for large environmental footprints especially on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, a green innovation of data center cooling solutions is taking place. The telecommunication company Teliasonera is developing a high density data center cooling system - the “Green Room” and has been studying the environmental performance of this system using a Life Cycle approach. As an extension of the previous study, more aspects of the project i.e. the location, life span, alternative cooling solutions, energy recovery possibilities and uncertainty analysis is explored by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The comparison of the locations of the Green Room indicates that the local temperature and electricity production sources are essential factors for the environmental performance of the Green Room. The analysis of the Green Room’s life span reveals that the utilization phase may not always cause the most significant impact during the whole life cycle of the Green Room. If the life span changes, the manufacture phase may predominate the life cycle of the Green Room. The comparative result of alternative cooling technologies addresses that utilizing “natural coolant” (e.g. geo cooling) is a key for sustainable cooling innovation as it would significantly reduce the environmental footprint of the cooling system. Besides, heating a single building (partly) by the waste heat generated from the Green Room could save 30% of cumulative energy input and could reduce more than half of the total environmental impact. Additionally, results uncertainties caused by the choice of different LCIA methods are discussed in the end of the study.The Teliasonera Green Room Concept for high and mid density of ICT equipment
21
February, Florence. "Exploring the effect of a Dialogical Argumentation Instructional Model in enhancing grade two learners' understanding of the day and night cycle." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5225.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Educationis - MEdOver the last 15 years the Department of Education has rolled out various projects in an attempt to improve Mathematics and Science results and to increase the amount of learners who exit their schooling with those subjects. The 2010 - 2014 matric results show a decrease in the number of students who exiting with Science. One of the factors that might influence the learners' decision to do science can be ascribed to the methodologies that the teachers are using to teach Science. In response to the latter, this study investigated the cognitive shifts of grade two learners' conceptual knowledge of the day and night cycle after being exposed to a Dialogical Argumentation Based Instructional Model. The Contiguity Argumentation Theory (CAT) and Toulmin's Argumentation Pattern (TAP) were used as a framework to capture and interrogate learners' arguments with argumentation frames developed to categorize the learners’ argument responses. Analytical approaches were used to assess learners' argumentation skills along four stages namely intra-argumentation, inter-argumentation, whole class discussion and trans-argumentation. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data was collected from grade 2 learners in a primary school in Cape Town, Western Cape Province in the form of a pre-post questionnaire, focus group interviews and classroom observation. The major findings of this study indicated that ● The Dialogical Argumentation Instructional model can assist learners to develop argumentative skills. ● The grade two learners in this study had alternative conceptions regarding the day and night cycle which is not scientifically valid. ● The views that learners hold are egocentric. ● DAIM is an effective teaching strategy to help learners to eliminate the misconceptions This study has shown that the Dialogical Argumentation Instructional Model (DAIM) seems to be effective in enhancing the learners’ understanding of the day and night cycle.
National Research Foundation
22
Fourie, Frana. "Evaluation of the suitability of responses on various organisational levels in terrestrial Oligochaeta to determine species sensitivity relationships." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6906.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Species differ in their sensitivities to toxicants and these differences are exploited in ecological risk assessment methods such as species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). The most commonly used endpoints for ecotoxicity testing and thus to generate data for use in SSDs are on the whole-organismal level, and usually include the evaluation of survival and reproduction. However, suborganismal biomarker responses are in many instances more sensitive than these whole-organismal responses. Therefore, this study investigated and compared responses on various biological organisational levels to determine their suitability for use in SSDs. Five terrestrial oligochaete species (earthworms) were selected as model test organisms, and were exposed to a range of concentrations of a well-studied pesticide, copper oxychloride. The investigated responses included survival, biomass change and reproduction on the whole-organismal level. In order to investigate responses on the suborganismal level, cells (coelomocytes) were extracted non-invasively. The spectrophotometric neutral red retention (NRR) assay was used to determine cell survival and the MTT assay to determine mitochondrial metabolic activity of the coelomocytes. The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to assess DNA integrity in these cells. The amount of Cu taken up by earthworms was also determined and compared to their responses. Species differences were observed in all responses, and EC50 and EC10 values were calculated for the whole-organismal endpoints and used to generate SSDs. From these SSDs, the hazardous concentrations where 5% of all species would be detrimentally affected (HC5) were calculated, which indicated that the most sensitive whole-organismal endpoint was mass change, followed by reproduction and survival. It was found that earthworms avoided feeding on the contaminated substrate in high copper oxychloride concentration exposures. The concentration where this behaviour occurred could be estimated for each species, and an SSD was constructed with these data. The HC5 value indicated that this response is more sensitive than earthworm survival, but less sensitive than the other responses. It was shown that the earthworms regulated their body Cu concentrations in a species-specific manner. This regulation of Cu was reflected in the suborganismal responses, and the species that had taken up the highest amount of Cu was the most sensitive species for all three suborganismal assays. Due to this regulation of Cu, the resulting dose-responses for the suborganismal endpoints did not allow for the calculation of EC50 values in most of the species and such data could thus not be used to generate SSDs. Sufficient EC10 values were however generated to construct SSDs from the results of the NRR and comet assays. The HC5 values obtained from SSDs constructed with EC10 values for both suborganismal and whole-organismal endpoints indicated that the NRR assay was the most sensitive endpoint, followed by both the comet assay and earthworm mass change, and subsequently the other whole-organismal endpoints. In conclusion, the majority of the responses on the various levels of biological organisation investigated during the present study were shown to be suitable to determine species sensitivity relationships in the terrestrial oligochaete species studied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spesies verskil van mekaar ten opsigte van hulle sensitiwiteit vir toksikante, en hierdie verskille word in ekologiese risikobepalingsmetodes soos spesie-sensitiwiteitsverspreidings (SSVs) gebruik. Die mees algemene eindpunte vir ekotoksisiteitstoetse, en wat dus gebruik word om data te genereer vir SSVs, is op die heelorganismevlak, en sluit gewoonlik die bepaling van oorlewing en voortplanting van die toetsorganismes in. Hierdie eindpunte is egter in die meeste gevalle minder sensitief as suborganismiese biomerker-response. Hierdie studie het dus die response op verskeie vlakke van biologiese organisasie ondersoek en vergelyk om te bepaal of hulle geskik is vir gebruik in SSVs. Vyf terrestriële spesies van die klas Oligochaeta is gekies as toetsorganismes en is blootgestel aan 'n reeks konsentrasies van die goed bestudeerde pestisied koperoksichloried. Die response oorlewing, massaverandering en voortplanting is op die heelorganismevlak ondersoek. Vir die suborganismiese response is selle (selomosiete) met behulp van 'n nie-ingrypende proses vanuit die erdwurms geïsoleer. Die suborganismese toetse wat op hierdie selle gedoen is, was die neutraalrooi-retensietoets (NRR toets) om sel-oorlewing te bepaal, die MTT toets om mitochondriese metabolisme te bepaal en die alkaliese komeettoets om DNS-integriteit te bepaal. Die hoeveelheid Cu wat die erdwurms opgeneem het, is ook bepaal en met hulle response vergelyk. Verskille is tussen die spesies waargeneem vir al die response. Beide EK50 en EK10 waardes is bereken vir die heelorganismiese eindpunte om SSVs te genereer. Vanaf hierdie SSVs kon die gevaarlike konsenstrasie, waar 5% van alle spesies nadelig beïnvloed kan word (GK5), bereken word. Hierdie GK5 waardes het aangedui dat massaverandering die mees sensitiewe heelorganismiese eindpunt was, gevolg deur voortplanting en oorlewing. Die erdwurms het opgehou vreet aan die gekontamineerde substraat by hoë koperoskichloriedkonsentrasies. Die konsentrasie waar hierdie gedrag plaasgevind het kon vir elke spesie vasgestel word, en 'n SSV is met behulp van hierdie data genereer. Hierdie GK5 waarde het aangedui dat hierdie respons meer sensitief was as oorlewing, maar minder sensitief as die ander response. Die erdwurms kon die konsentrasie van Cu in hulle liggame op 'n spesie-spesifieke manier reguleer. Hierdie regulering van interne Cu is weerspieël in die suborganismiese response, waar die spesie wat die meeste Cu opgeneem het, ook die mees sensitiewe was vir al drie suborganismiese toetse. As gevolg van hierdie regulering van Cu en die gevolglike dosis-responsverhoudings, kon EK50-waardes nie vir al die spesies bereken word nie, en dus was daar geen EK50-data beskikbaar om SSVs mee te genereer nie. Genoegsame EK10 waardes kon egter bereken word vir die NRR- en komeettoetse, en gebruik word om SSVs te genereer. Die GK5-waardes wat bereken kon word vanuit die SSVs met EK10 waardes vir beide suborganismese en heelorganismiese response, het aangedui dat die mees sensitiewe eindpunt die NRR toets was, gevolg deur beide die komeettoets en massaverandering van erdwurms, en daarna die ander heelorganismiese eindpunte. Die gevolgtrekking is dat daar aangetoon kon word dat die meerderheid van die response wat gedurende hierdie studie ondersoek is, geskik is om sensitwiteitsverhoudings van hierdie groep spesies te bepaal.
23
Withers, Elizabeth Melissa. "Black/White Health Disparities in the U.S. The Effect of Education over the Life-Course." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/42.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States there exists a clear and disconcerting racial disparity in the distribution of good health, which can be seen in differential levels of morbidity and mortality affecting blacks and whites. Previous research has examined the role of SES in shaping racial health disparities and recent studies have looked specifically at the effect of education on health to explain the racial disparity in health. Higher levels of education are robustly associated with good overall health for both blacks and whites and this association has been examined over the life-course. This research explores racial differences in the effect of education on health in general as well as over the life-course. Specifically, this paper examines race differences in the effects of education on health over the life-course. Pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to estimate the effects of race, education and age on health. The results of these analyses indicate that blacks receive lower education returns on their health than whites. The effect of education on health was shown to grow in the beginning of the life-course and diminish at the end of the life course in accordance with the mortality-as-leveler hypothesis. The black white health disparity was shown to grow over the life-course among the highly educated, whereas the disparity was consistent over the life-course for the poorly educated.
24
Adam, Véronique. "Ecotoxicological impact and risk assessment of engineered TiO2 nanomaterials on water, sediments and soil by building a combined RALCA (Risk Assessment – Life Cycle Assessment) model." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH020/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’analyse du cycle de vie et l’évaluation du risque ont été combinées afin d’évaluer les impacts et risques potentiels de NMs de TiO2 dans l’eau, les sols et les sédiments à une échelle site-spécifique. Une approche analytique a permis de caractériser les NMs industriels dans les eaux, sols et sédiments et de déterminer leur comportement dans l’eau. Un modèle bayésien a été réalisé pour évaluer leur devenir dans les eaux et sédiments de la rivière, ainsi que leurs effets et risques associés en mésocosmes. Il a ainsi été montré que le TiO2 est présent en faible concentration dans l’eau de rivière. En mésocosmes, des risques ont été quantifiés sur deux espèces : Dreissena polymorpha et Gammarus roeseli. Il est apparu nécessaire de mieux caractériser la dimension fractale des agrégats de NMs pour comprendre leur sédimentation et de quantifier les effets des nano-TiO2 dans le milieu naturel, en dépassant l’approche par mésocosmesIn this work, life cycle and risk assessments were combined in order to assess the potential impacts and risks of TiO2 NMs in water, soils and sediments at a site-specific scale. Two approaches were used: (1) An analytical approach allowed the analysis of waters, sediments and soils, the characterization of industrial NMs and the determination of their aggregation behavior in water; (2) A Bayesian modeling approach was used to assess their fate in the river water and sediments, as well as their potential effects and risks in mesocosms. It was thus shown that TiO2 occurs at low concentrations in the river water. Quantifying the TiO2 mass which deposits on the sediment requires characterizing more precisely their fractal dimension. Finally, nano-TiO2 were shown to induce risks to two species in mesocosms: it is consequently necessary to assess the potential effects of the nano-TiO2 produced on the study area in mesocosms, simulating realistic conditions
25
Santana, Mark Vincent Eli. "The Effect of Urbanization on the Embodied Energy of Drinking Water in Tampa, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5772.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing urbanization has serious implications for resource and energy use. One of these resources is drinking water. The increased amount of impervious surfaces associated with urban development is responsible for increased runoff during rain events, which may have a negative impact on the quality of nearby bodies of water, including drinking water sources. The growing populations associated with urbanization require a higher water demand. In addition, urban drinking water systems use energy to collect, treat, and distribute a safe reliable effluent to users. Therefore, this study focuses on the degree to which urbanization influences the embodied energy of drinking water in the city of Tampa via three objectives: (1) determine the degree to which the embodied energy of drinking water treatment is influenced by water quality possibly caused by urbanization, (2) determine the influence of urban form on the embodied energy of water supply, and (3) determine the effect of the state of water infrastructure on the embodied energy of drinking water.
The influence of the water quality of the Hillsborough River Reservoir on the embodied energy of drinking water at the David L. Tippin Water Treatment Facility was determined and quantified via statistical analysis methods and life cycle energy analysis. Results show that energy due to electricity and fuel use (direct energy) is responsible for 63% of the embodied energy of drinking water treatment in the city of Tampa. However, the 37% of energy due to treatment chemical usage (indirect energy) is substantial and most influenced by influent water quality. Two constituents, total organic carbon and conductivity, are responsible for influencing 14.5% of Tampa’s drinking water treatment embodied energy.
The effect of smart growth on the embodied energy of water supply was studied via the comparison of four future development scenarios within the Tampa WSA. The water consumption was estimated for each scenario and integrated into EPANET, a water distribution modeling software. After running each scenario, the embodied energy was calculated. The smart growth scenarios had 1-4% higher embodied energies than the business-as-usual scenario (urban sprawl). This was due to the location of added demand relative to the location of the water treatment facility. Nevertheless, while smart growth does not inherently minimize the embodied energy of water supply, it can result in the minimization of per capita water use due to the addition of more multi-family homes.
About 16 pipe replacement scenarios were used to determine the degree to which the state of water infrastructure affects drinking water supply embodied energy. These scenarios were simulated using EPANET. The replacement of all pipes in the city of Tampa is estimated to result in an embodied energy decrease of about 20%. However, taking into account the energy use associated with pipe installation, only replacement of pipes that are older than 20 years with recycled ductile iron yields a net energy savings.
The results of these studies show the influence of the roles that influent water quality, future urban development and infrastructure condition play on the embodied energy of drinking water in the Tampa WSA. However, future studies could look more in depth into these relationships via more definitive studies on the effect of land use on the Hillsborough River, and expanding the future development scenario studies to the metropolitan scale.
26
Dinato, Ricardo Mattos e. "Sistematização dos métodos de contabilização de emissões de gases de efeito estufa sob a ótica do ciclo de vida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-22102014-120953/.
Full textAbstract:
A gravidade do fenômeno das mudanças climáticas foi detectada pela comunidade científica internacional e chamou a atenção de governantes, empresários e da população em geral. Para mitigar as consequências desse fenômeno, é necessário reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa; para reduzir, é necessário primeiramente mensurar. Os cientistas começaram a entender melhor o problema climático na década de 1980 e, desde então, diversos métodos foram criados para contabilizar as emissões desses gases. Paralelamente a esses métodos, uma ferramenta bastante poderosa foi desenvolvida ao longo das últimas décadas para mensurar o impacto ambiental de produtos e serviços, a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida. O presente estudo sistematiza os principais métodos de contabilização de gases de efeito estufa existentes no mundo, sob a ótica do ciclo de vida. Os dez métodos analisados foram classificados de acordo com as fronteiras adotadas em cada um, dividindo-os em três grupos: Métodos de Contabilização Regional, Métodos de Contabilização Corporativa e Métodos de Contabilização de Produto. Após a criação desses três grupos, discutiu-se a relação entre os grupos, apresentando-se como a lógica do ciclo de vida permeia todos os métodos de contabilização, independente do grupo ao qual cada um pertence. A análise e sistematização dos métodos apresentados nessa dissertação pode ser servir como base para tomadores de decisão na criação de políticas públicas nacionais e subnacionais.The seriousness of the climate changing phenomenon was detected by the international scientific community and drew the attention of leaders, entrepreneurs and the general population. In order to mitigate the consequences of this phenomenon it is necessary to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Before reducing, it is necessary to measure these emissions. The scientists began to better understand the climate problem in the 1980s and several methods have been created to account greenhouse gases emissions since this date. In parallel, a powerful tool has been developed over last decades to measure environmental impact of products and services, the Life Cycle Assessment. The present study systematizes the most important greenhouse gases emissions measurement methods under the life cycle thinking. Ten methods were analyzed and classified in accordance with the boundaries adopted for each one, dividing them in three groups: Regional Measurement Methods, Corporate Measurement Methods and Product Measurement Methods. After the creation of these three groups, the relation among the groups was discussed, presenting how the life cycle thinking permeates all the measurement methods, independent of the group each one makes part. The analysis and systematization of the methods presented in this dissertation may serve as a base to decision makers on the creation of national and subnational public policies.
27
Shahzad, Tanvir. "Role of plant rhizosphere across multiple species, grassland management and temperature on microbial communities and long term soil organic matter dynamics." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00772440.
Full textAbstract:
It is increasingly being recognized that the soil microbes can mineralize recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) by using the fresh carbon (C) as a source of energy, a process called priming effect (PE). It has been shown mostly in lab incubations that PE can have important consequences for sequestration of organic C in soils. However, the importance of PE in C and N dynamics of ecosystems remains little known. The soil-plant interactions and rhizospheric processes can modulate the rates of PE and its consequences on C and N dynamics in an ecosystem. The objective of this thesis was to determine the role of PE in the C and N dynamics of permanent grasslands and the modulation of this role in response to management (plant clipping, fertilization) and global warming. Moreover, it was aimed to identify the microbial groups involved in PE and to unravel the way, e.g. absorption of N, root exudations and litter deposition, by which plant can induce PE. The thesis was based on a new approach allowing continuous dual labelling of multiple grassland plants with 13C- and 14C-CO2. The dual labelling permitted the separation of soil-derived CO2 from plant-derived CO2, the calculation of PE and the determination of mean age of soil-derived CO2-C. Moreover, phospholipids fatty-acids analysis (PLFA) permitted to correlate the variation of PE with changes in microbial community composition. Our work showed that the increased SOM mineralization under grasses was consistently two to three times more than that in bare soils (i.e. PE) over long term (511 days). This reveals that the PE plays key role in ecosystem CO2-C flux and indicates that a very large pool of SOM is under the control of PE. Moreover, we report that 15,000 years old organic C from an undisturbed deep soil can be mineralized after the supply of fresh C by living plants to soil microbes. This result supports the idea that the SOM in deep soils is stable due to the energy-limitation of microbes and the 'inert' pool of organic C defined in current models is not so 'inert' finally. The supply of N in soil-plant system through the use of fertilizer or legume decreased the PE suggesting that the C storage in soils is limited by nutrient supply. Similarly, plant clipping reduced the plant N uptake thereby PE. Collectively these results suggest synchronization between plant N uptake and SOM mineralization supporting the idea that soils under permanent plant cover function as a bank of nutrients for the plant, maximizing plant productivity and nutrient retention. An innovative method clearly showed that the root exudation is the major way by which grassland plants induce PE. Moreover, saprophytic fungi are suggested as the key actors in the mineralization of recalcitrant SOM & PE. Lastly, we developed a new theory on temperature response of SOM mineralization by taking into account the energy-limitation of microbes and the temperature-dependent inactivation of enzymes. This theory predicts a negative relationship between temperature and mineralization of recalcitrant SOM, which was supported by experimental results. This finding challenges the classical paradigm of positive relationship between temperature and recalcitrant SOM mineralization. Overall, these investigations on plant-soil systems reinforce the idea that PE and underlying mechanisms play a key role in ecosystem C and N dynamics and even suggest that this role was underestimated in lab experiments.
28
Prouty, Christine M. "Socioeconomic Factors' and Water Source Features' Effect on Household Water Supply Choices in Uganda and the Associated Environmental Impacts." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4749.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last twenty years or more, Uganda has benefitted from significant strides in water and sanitation initiated by the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. While the rapid progress towards development has been vastly beneficial, it is also important that it does not occur at the expense of the environment. The environmental impacts of these water sources must be evaluated and understood. However, to develop a robust understanding of the impact requires inclusion of the community members who use these sources and their perceptions of them. Consequently, the goal of this research is to investigate the interrelationships between socioeconomic factors, water source features, and household water source and treatment choices, along with the associated environmental impacts of those choices.
This research focuses on two villages in Wakiso District, Uganda--Nalugala and Kitala and includes: (1) development and implementation of a country-specific survey of 200 households to gain qualitative and quantitative accounts of socioeconomic factors (e.g., education, gender of the head of household, number of household members), water source features (cost, convenience, quality, quantity of water) and community members' water supply choices; (2) statistical analysis to investigate any correlation between socioeconomic factors, water source features and household source choice; and (3) a life cycle assessment of each water source and treatment method used in the surveyed communities to highlight their associated environmental impacts.
Based on statistical findings, the water source features which are considered most significant to impacting household choice are convenience, visual water quality (turbidity), and cost. When inspecting socioeconomic factors using the Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI), no significant correlation was determined between the PPI levels and source choice. Consequently, the PPI was disaggregated to further analyze any significant correlations between socioeconomic indicators in the survey (social, economic, and educational) and water source choice. Three factors (i.e. gender of head of household, number of household members, and construction material of the house's external walls) were significantly correlated with the household's choice for their water source.
The combination of qualitative and quantitative survey data underscores the disconnection between community members' perceptions of water quality and the actual, laboratory-tested data. This notion (perception vs. reality) asserts itself because the treatment techniques that respondents use for local sources are based on their perceived ideas of water quality. The techniques sometimes contradict the theoretical treatment methods (based on water quality tests) needed to raise a source's water to potable standards.
A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on each source and (1) the treatment methods community members most frequently used in comparison to (2) the theoretical treatment methods which would be necessary to raise each source to potable standards. Tap water was found to have the highest environmental impact based on actual community practices. Although it was tested to meet drinking water standards, community members boiled it, increasing its impacts in the categories of land use and global warming. On the other hand, rainwater and surface water had the highest impacts in the same categories (global warming and land use) based on the theoretical treatment which is required for the source water to be potable. The impact of the various fuel sources used to treat water by boiling was also evaluated. The greatest impact was for the use of propane gas followed by charcoal.
29
Bourret-Bernard, Claude Sophie. "Effect of lignans in associations with naturally occurring allelochemicals from the Asteraceae on the detoxification enzymes and the life cycle of a herbivorous lepidoptera, Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubner." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5483.
Full text
30
Alsehli, Mishal B. "A Novel Design for Solar-Powered Thermal Desalination." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1470008966.
Full text
31
Matthiesen, Marieke Margarete. "Effect of donor age on the developmental capacity of bovine cumulus oocyte complexes obtained by repeated OPU from nonstimulated and FSH-superstimulated German Simmental heifers and cows at different life cycle stages." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-128617.
Full text
32
Nybom, Martin. "Essays on Educational Choice and Intergenerational Mobility." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-83173.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. The first essay concerns educational choice and the returns to college in Sweden. I apply a recently introduced econometric framework that allows for self selection and treatment effect heterogeneity. I also examine the influence of cognitive and noncognitive ability on college choice and the returns to college. Essays two through four concern different aspects of intergenerational income mobility. In the second essay, we study the impact on mobility estimates from heterogeneous income profiles and, more specifically, life-cycle bias. We use nearly career-long income measures for both fathers and sons to give a detailed account of this bias and assess recent methods to deal with it. In the third essay, we present a simple model of intergenerational transmission and use it to analyze the dynamic behavior of the intergenerational income elasticity following structural changes. We find that past structural frameworks, for example in the form of past policies or institutions, matter for current trends in mobility. The fourth essay provides a cross-country perspective on intergenerational income mobility. We construct comparable data sets for Sweden and the UK and account for country differences in the role of parental income for various productivity traits of children. Finally, we examine whether such differences can explain the country difference in intergenerational income mobility.
33
Sardesai, Shailesh. "On reliability estimation of large electronic systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177012132.
Full text
34
Yigit, Cisem. "Life Cycle Assessment In Ferrous Foundry Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615559/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Foundries are most widely facilities all around the world, producing high amounts of castings. In this study, environmental impact of metal foundries was investigated toward a life cycle assessment (LCA) goal. Studies were conducted in two foundry plants in order to collect the inventory data. The difference between the plants regarding their processes was the application of secondary sand reclamation (SSR) in Plant 2. Application of SSR is indicated as a
35
Minoletti, Paul. "The importance of gender ideology and identity : the shift to factory production and its effect on work and wages in the English textile industries, 1760-1850." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7697b548-d389-4d20-9150-1891ec65c95f.
Full textAbstract:
Textile manufacture in England had always employed a high proportion of women and this continued to be the case during the period 1760-1850. However, these industries underwent dramatic changes in both the nature and location of production, and women’s employment opportunities altered. Whilst in some cases technological advances reduced the strength required to perform a given process, making women more attractive to employers, this was not always the case. Urbanisation and factory production increased trade union influence, which often acted to the detriment of women’s access to well-paid occupations. The long standardised hours worked away from the home typically required of factory workers made it harder for women to combine textile work with the mothering and domestic responsibilities expected of them. As well as making it harder for women to work throughout their life, this discouraged investment in human capital of females by both themselves and their parents. Ideological resistance to women’s work outside of the home increased as the Industrial Revolution progressed. The more formalised work hierarchy created by factory production meant that resistance to female authority became increasingly important for denying women access to the best paid occupations. Ideology was not merely a response to material factors, but helped determine decisions made by economic actors. This thesis draws on a number of parliamentary reports over the period 1802-67. Not only do these reports provide a wealth of qualitative information, they also contain quantitative information which enables me to track male and female factory earnings over the life-cycle, by region and industry. The information in the parliamentary reports is used in conjunction with business records of various firms, covering both domestic and factory workers, as well as the writings of numerous contemporary observers.
36
Kovaltchouk, Thibaut. "Contributions à la co-optimisation contrôle-dimensionnement sur cycle de vie sous contrainte réseau des houlogénérateurs directs." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0033/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les Energies Marines Renouvelables (EMR) se développent aujourd’hui très vite tant au niveau de la recherche amont que de la R&D, et même des premiers démonstrateurs à la mer. Parmi ces EMR, l'énergie des vagues présente un potentiel particulièrement intéressant. Avec une ressource annuelle brute moyenne estimée à 40 kW/m au large de la côte atlantique, le littoral français est plutôt bien exposé. Mais l’exploitation à grande échelle de cette énergie renouvelable ne sera réalisable et pertinente qu'à condition d'une bonne intégration au réseau électrique (qualité) ainsi que d'une gestion et d'un dimensionnement optimisé au sens du coût sur cycle de vie. Une première solution de génération tout électrique pour un houlogénérateur a d’abord été évaluée dans le cadre de la thèse de Marie RUELLAN menée sur le site de Bretagne du laboratoire SATIE (ENS de Cachan). Ces travaux ont mis en évidence le potentiel de viabilité économique de cette chaîne de conversion et ont permis de poser la question du dimensionnement de l’ensemble convertisseur-machine et de soulever les problèmes associés à la qualité de l’énergie produite. Puis une seconde thèse a été menée par Judicaël AUBRY dans la même équipe de recherche. Elle a consisté, entre autres, en l’étude d’une première solution de traitement des fluctuations de la puissance basée sur un système de stockage par supercondensateurs. Une méthodologie de dimensionnement de l’ensemble convertisseur-machine et de gestion de l’énergie stockée fut également élaborée, mais en découplant le dimensionnement et la gestion de la production d’énergie et de ceux de son système de stockage. Le doctorant devra donc : 1. S’approprier les travaux antérieurs réalisés dans le domaine de la récupération de l’énergie des vagues ainsi que les modèles hydrodynamiques et mécaniques réalisés par notre partenaire : le LHEEA de l’Ecole Centrale de Nantes - 2. Résoudre le problème du couplage entre dimensionnement/gestion de la chaîne de conversion et dimensionnement/gestion du système de stockage. 3. Participer à la réalisation d’un banc test à échelle réduite de la chaine électrique et valider expérimentalement les modèles énergétiques du stockage et des convertisseurs statiques associés - 4. Proposer une méthodologie de dimensionnement de la chaine électrique intégrant le stockage et les lois de contrôle préalablement élaborées 5. Déterminer les gains en termes de capacités de stockage obtenus grâce à la mutualisation de la production (parc de machines) et évaluer l’intérêt d’un stockage centralisé - 6. Analyser l’impact sur le réseau d’une production houlogénérée selon divers scenarii, modèles et outils développés par tous les partenaires dans le cadre du projet QUALIPHE. L’exemple traité sera celui de l’Ile d’Yeu (en collaboration avec le SyDEVThe work of this PhD thesis deals with the minimization of the per-kWh cost of direct-drive wave energy converter, crucial to the economic feasibility of this technology. Despite the simplicity of such a chain (that should provide a better reliability compared to indirect chain), the conversion principle uses an oscillating system (a heaving buoy for example) that induces significant power fluctuations on the production. Without precautions, such fluctuations can lead to: a low global efficiency, an accelerated aging of the fragile electrical components and a failure to respect power quality constraints. To solve these issues, we firstly study the optimization of the direct drive wave energy converter control in order to increase the global energy efficiency (from wave to grid), considering conversion losses and the limit s from the sizing of an electrical chain (maximum force and power). The results point out the effect of the prediction horizon or the mechanical energy into the objective function. Production profiles allow the study of the flicker constraint (due to grid voltage fluctuations) linked notably to the grid characteristics at the connection point. Other models have also been developed to quantify the aging of the most fragile and highly stressed components, namely the energy storage system used for power smoothing (with super capacitors or electrochemical batteries Li-ion) and power semiconductors.Finally, these aging models are used to optimize key design parameters using life-cycle analysis. Moreover, the sizing of the storage system is co-optimized with the smoothing management
37
Rieckhof, Ramona, Nadine May, Christoph Scope, and Edeltraud Guenther. "Ökonomisch-ökologischer Nettoeffekt der Elektromobilität im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr." Springer, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75737.
Full textAbstract:
Im Rahmen einer Elektromobilitäts-Fallstudie kombinieren wir zwei lebenszyklusbasierte Methoden und veranschaulichen die Ergebnisse zur Kommunikations- und Entscheidungsunterstützung mittels der Methode des ökonomisch-ökologischen Nettoeffekts. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Elektrofahrzeuge im Vergleich zur EURO6-Dieselfahrzeugen erst in langer Frist ökonomisch und ökologisch wettbewerbsfähig sind.Building on a case study on electric mobility, we integrate two life cycle methods and visualize the results for communication and decision-support using the economic environmental trade-off. Results suggest that in comparison to EURO6 diesel vehicles electric vehicles are only in the long run economically and environmentally competitive.
38
Pavlaki, Maria. "Effects of combined stressors in the life-cycle trait of Daphnia Magna." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8808.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Toxicologia e EcotoxicologiaOs diversos compartimentos naturais estão constantemente expostos a vários tipos de contaminantes, bem como a misturas destes compostos, oriundos da actividade humana. Em ecossistemas aquáticos, vários stressores podem actuar em conjunto e causar danos aos organismos. O aumento do uso de pesticidas para fins agrícolas causa demanda a avaliação do risco inerente que estes compostos representam ao atingir o ambiente aquático. A lixiviação dos pesticidas está geralmente associada com o transporte de matéria orgânica e consequente diminuição da concentração de oxigénio em sistemas aquáticos. Os metais pesados podem ser introduzidos no ambiente através da actividade humana, como a actividade mineira. Portanto, a poluição dos ecossistemas é geralmente caracterizada por uma mistura de compostos químicos, que na maioria das vezes, estão presentes em combinação com stressores naturais Neste estudo, três tipos de stressores químicos, dois insecticidas (imidacloprid e thiacloprid), um metal pesado, níquel, e um tipo de stressor natural, representado por diferentes níveis de alimento foram testados com o objectivo de avaliar o impacto de cada stressor em isolado, bem como as suas misturas e combinações para um organismo não-alvo, Daphnia magna, através da aplicação do modelos teóricos Adição de concentração (AC) e Acção independente (AI), bem como seus possíveis desvios para sinergismo (causando efeito mais severo) ou antagonismo (efeito menos severo), dependentes da dose aplicada, ou dependência do rácio entre as doses aplicadas para cada item da mistura e/ou combinação. Os efeitos crónicos dos compostos isolados bem como os das misturas foram obtidos pela exposição de Daphnia magna a uma gama de concentrações por 21 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram a produção de juvenis e o crescimento. Os resultados das exposições isoladas de Daphnia magna aos compostos químicos mostraram decréscimo na produção de juvenis e no crescimento do organismo. O mesmo padrão foi observado quando os organismos foram expostos a níveis baixos de alimento, enquanto a níveis elevados, a produção de juvenis e o crescimento foram estimulados. Os resultados da exposição à mistura de imidacloprid e thiacloprid mostraram um desvio do modelo AC, com uma dependência das doses aplicadas, sendo observado sinergismo a doses baixas e antagonismo a doses altas de ambos os compostos. Para a mistura de imidacloprid e níquel, nenhum desvio foi obtido, e a mistura foi ajustada ao modelo AI. A resposta na produção de juvenis para a combinação de imidaclopid ou níquel com níveis baixos de alimento não demonstrou desvio do modelo de acção independente. Para a análise da combinação entre imidacloprid ou níquel com níveis altos de alimento não foi possível aplicar os modelos teóricos, e os efeitos tóxicos dos químicos para os organismos foram avaliados para cada nível de alimento maior que o controlo. Neste estudo, é demonstrado que o impacto dos compostos químicos encontrados no ambiente, em misturas ou em combinação com stressores naturais será diferente do impacto induzido por estes compostos em isolado. O presente estudo mostra a necessidade da avaliação dos efeitos das exposições a misturas de químicos e combinações com stressores naturais encontrados no ambiente, e não somente a avaliação dos compostos em isolado.
The environment is being constantly exposed to various types of contaminants as well as their mixtures mainly due to human activities. In aquatic ecosystems several stressors may act together and affect the life traits of organisms. The increasing use of pesticides for agricultural purposes will require the assessment of the inherent risk when they arrive in marine or freshwater ecosystems. Pesticide runoffs are usually associated with high inputs of organic matter and depletion of oxygen in aquatic systems. Heavy metals can be introduced into the environment due to human activities such as mining processes. Therefore, polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, most of the times in combination with natural stressors. In this study, three different chemical stressors, two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, a heavy metal, nickel and an environmental stressor, food level with low and high concentrations, were tested in order to assess the impact of their single toxic effects as well as their mixtures and combinations with a natural stressor on a non-target organism, Daphnia magna, with the use of theoretical models, Concentration Addition and Independent Action as well as possible deviations from them, like synergism, (causing a more severe effect) or antagonism (less severe effect), effects dependent from “dose level” (different deviations at high and low concentrations) or those dependent from “dose ratio” (deviations differ from mixture composition). Chronic effects of the single stressors as well as their combinations were assessed by exposing Daphnia magna to a range of concentrations for 21 days. The parameters analyzed were offspring production and body length of Daphnia magna. Results from single exposure of Daphnia magna to the chemical compounds showed a decrease in offspring production and in the body length of the organism. The same was observed when D. magna was exposed to low levels of food while in increased levels of food the offspring production and body length increased. Mixture exposure of imidacloprid and thiacloprid for offspring production showed a deviation from the CA model to dose level dependency indication synergism at low does level and antagonism at high does level of the chemicals. For the mixture of imidacloprid and nickel no deviation was obtained and the mixture fitted the IA model. Offspring production from the combinations of imidacloprid or nickel with low food levels showed no deviation from the IA model. For the combinations of imidacloprid or nickel with high food levels it was not possible to use the theoretical models and the toxic effects of the chemicals to the organism were assessed for each food level higher than the control. In this study, it is presented that the impact of chemicals found in the environment in mixtures between them or in combinations with environmental stressors will be different to the impact the single stressors induce. This study shows the need for evaluation of the exposure effects of mixtures of chemicals and combinations with natural stressors found on the environment and not only the single exposure effects.
39
Bledsoe, Chad Allen 1964. "Adult children who return home to live: The effects on parents' marital satisfaction in the context of the family life cycle." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291930.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to investigate if adult children who have returned home to live affect their parents' marital satisfaction. The contributing factors that preceded the return of these adult children were also examined. To measure marital satisfaction, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction (KMS) Scale was used. The Marital Conventionalization Scale (MCS) was also utilized to measure marital social desirability distortion. Seventy-seven married individuals, recruited from the general population, were divided into three subgroups consisting of parents whose adult children have either returned, departed from, or remained at home. Participants were administered a questionnaire containing specific questions regarding one's adult children along with the two test instruments. The findings indicate no significant differences in marital satisfaction between parents who have returning adult children and the other 2 subgroups. However, many factors (financial problems, college, divorce, etc.) contributing to an adult child's presence at home were discovered.
40
Cramer, Tamlyn Jill. "Monitoring the African horsesickness virus life cycle by real-time RT-PCR of viral dsRNA." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29034.
Full textAbstract:
African horsesickness (AHS), caused by African horsesickness virus (AHSV), is an infectious, non-contagious, insect-borne viral disease that affects members of the Equidae family. AHSV is a non-enveloped virus, consisting of 10 segments of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) encoding seven structural and four non-structural proteins. Infection of mammalian cell cultures with AHSV leads to severe cellular pathogenesis effects (CPE), whereas insect cells show no noticeable CPE. Differences are also apparent between different serotypes of AHSV with regards to viral production, viral release, membrane permeabilisation and CPE. In this study we investigated different aspects of the AHSV life cycle in cell culture. The first aim of this study was the development of a real-time RT-PCR assay to quantify and monitor dsRNA from AHSV-infected cells. The dsRNA was used to quantify viral production, as dsRNA (one copy of each segment) is found only within viral particles and is not free within the cytoplasm of infected cells, thus giving a true representation of the amount of virus. This was achieved by cloning genome segment 5, optimising the extraction and purification of dsRNA, optimising the cDNA synthesis reaction, as well as the establishment and standardisation of the real-time PCR reaction. The second part of the study investigated and compared viral production and viral release between three different serotypes of AHSV in either mammalian or insect cell lines. The amount of dsRNA, which represented cell associated virus from AHSV-3- and AHSV-4-infected BHK cells over a 48 hr time period, was monitored by real-time RT-PCR and revealed a second wave of dsRNA production. These findings possibly suggest that a second round of infection of released viruses is re-entering previously uninfected or infected cells to replicate further. AHSV production was monitored in KC cells and indicated no production of progeny virions. However, an improvement was obtained when AHSV was first passaged on KC cells before being used for infections. The results from this study are in agreement with the fact that for a particular virus to replicate efficiently in a specific cell line, it should first be adapted to those cells. The dsRNA was quantified from samples representing equivalent amounts of infectious virus (i.e. same titre values) of AHSV serotypes 2, 3 or 4. The amount of dsRNA was approximately four-fold higher from serotype 2 than from serotypes 3 and 4. When the percentage of viral entry into cells was analysed, the majority (approximately 90%) of virus from serotypes 3 and 4 entered the cells, whereas serotype 2 showed viral entry of only about 50%. These findings suggested that a large amount of virus from serotype 2 was non-infectious, while the majority of virus from serotypes 3 and 4 was infectious. However, serotype 2 was a great deal more cytotoxic to cells (e.g. earlier onset and severity of CPE) when compared to cells infected with either serotypes 3 or 4.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Genetics
unrestricted
41
Godet, Xavier. "Biologie du colchique (colchicum autumnale l. ) : multiplication vegetative par voie traditionnelle et in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D189.
Full textAbstract:
Examen des cycles biologiques de la plante adulte et de la plante juvenile: les exigences thermiques, les potentialites du bourgeon vegetatif accessoire, variabilite individuelle pour la production de graines et d'alcaloides. Une methode de multiplication vegetative est recherchee: en pepiniere ou in vitro, possibilite de fragmenter les cornus; caulogenese in vitro. La possibilite d'une biosynthese d'alcaloides par des cellules de colchique cultivees in vitro est evoquee
42
SHI, WEI-MIN, and 施微敏. "Acquirers’ Life Cycle and Announcement Effect of Takeovers." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hj8xzq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
財務金融學系
107
This paper mainly investigates whether the life cycle has an impact on the announcement effect of acquirers. This paper uses the stock samples of Taiwan from 2009 to 2017. Using the research methods of Anthony and Ramesh (1992) and Bens, Nagar, and Wong (2002), I classify the acquirers in Taiwan by their life cycles: growth, maturity, and decline stages. Then I examine the abnormal returns by using the event study with the market model, and I further investigate the results separately by acquirers’ industry and sizes. Results show that acquirers have positive announcement effect of takeovers at each stage of the life cycle. Divided the samples by industry, it is found that the cumulative abnormal returns of the electronics acquirers are higher than those of the non-electronic samples, especially at the maturity stage. Divided the sample by size, it is found that whether the sample divided by capital or market value, the small companies have better cumulative abnormal returns than do big companies, and it confirms the size effect. Besides, as the life cycle changes, the cumulative abnormal returns of small companies changed from small to large. Finally, using sign test, I find that the declining electronics and the growing small companies report significant negative abnormal returns on the day before the announcements.
43
Huang, Wan-Chen, and 黃琬甄. "A Study of Life Cycle and Financing Announcement Effect." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e6jnx7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
101
An event study was applied to examine the impact of Financing Announcement on the stock prices of Taiwanese public-listed firms over the period 2001-2011. Financing Announcement include seasoned equity offering, corporate bonds and convertible bonds. The empirical results support that Financing Announcement effect was negative. The stock price reaction was related to the corporate life cycle, corporate industry and market situations. Both Financing Announcement effects in growth stage and decline stage were negative.
44
Xie, Chang-Han, and 謝昌翰. "Effect of Pulse Charge and Discharge on Battery Life Cycle." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6nt2b8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
107
The objective of this study was to increase the cycle life of rechargeable batteries. The result of pulse charge and discharge and that of constant-current charge and discharge were analyzed and compared. In the pulse charge experiment, a new rechargeable battery with a low electric potential charged at 500 Hz and 0.3C to reach a full charge. This process was defined as pulse activation. The activated rechargeable battery was placed at a high-temperature environment (50°C) to undergo deep-cycle constant-current discharge. Standard measurement of charge-discharge curve was conducted every 20 cycles, and the rechargeable batteries that were activated one time and three times were compared with the control group (batteries undergoing constant-current charge and discharge). In the pulse discharge experiment, a self-made pulse discharge control board was used for the deep-cycle charge and discharge at room temperature. Standard measurement of charge-discharge curve was conducted every 20 cycles to investigate the influence of using discharge frequencies of 500 Hz and 2000 Hz and an average current of 0.2C on the rechargeable battery and explore the difference in aging between rechargeable batteries with instantaneous current values of 1C and 3C. In the activation experiment with pulse charge, two types of rechargeable batteries were used: lead carbon batteries and GEL batteries. The results of the lead carbon batteries showed that the state of health (SOH) of the batteries that were activated one time and three times was approximately 10% higher than that of the inactivated batteries at high temperature early in the cycle life (the first 20 cycles). After 20 cycles, the three batteries did not show distinct difference. The results of the GEL batteries revealed that the SOH of the battery activated three times was higher than that of the inactivated batteries by approximately 15% after 20 cycles. In addition, after 40 cycles, the SOH of the activated batteries was higher than that of the inactivated battery by approximately 10%. However, the SOH difference between the three batteries decreased gradually. After 60 cycles, the three batteries did not have noticeable difference in SOH. The results verified that using pulse charge to activate rechargeable batteries under this experiment condition can improve the SOH of batteries at high temperature in the early stage of deep cycle. In the pulse discharge experiment, research results showed that constant-current discharge and pulse discharge had different effects on battery aging. The batteries exhibited the optimal SOH at 500 Hz. As the number of deep cycles increased, the SOH of the pulse discharge battery surpassed that of the constant-current discharge battery. A comparison testing indicated that the instantaneous peak value of current also had different effects on battery aging. The pulse discharge battery undergoing instantaneous 3C discharge had a SOH superior to that undergoing instantaneous 1C discharge, and the amount of discharge was the highest at a discharge frequency of 500 Hz and an instantaneous current value of 3C. This indicated that 500 Hz-3C was the optimal pulse discharge frequency at room temperature.
45
Wu, Ya-Li, and 吳雅莉. "International Diversification and Performance:The Moderating Effect of Corporate Life Cycle." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07058990524875311460.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
國際企業管理研究所
99
With the trend of globalization since past decades, nowadays enterprises have to face and overcome the challenges from the world market and products. Under the trend, firms have engaged in international diversification in order to gain competitive advantages and pursue better performance. In general, diversification portfolio is considered as one of the commonly used strategies while firms decide to go abroad. Therefore, in this study, we intend to examine internationalization-performance relationship, and further investigate the contingent effect of country diversification and corporate life cycle based on Taiwanese context. Regarding the statistical analysis, we used STATA v.11.0 to aid us analyzing the eight-year panel data. Heteroscedasticity Test, Unit Root test, Autocorrelation Test, Correlation Coefficient and Generalized Linear Square estimation was conducted to testify our framework and hypothesis. The result of our study indicates that there is a curvilinear relationship between international diversification and performance, and country and regional diversification will also generate different performance. Meanwhile, different stages of corporate life cycle do moderate the internationalization-performance relationship. Moreover, the fact of our study suggests that firms in moderate level of country diversification at their growth stage will generate the best performance. On the other hand, in high level of country diversification at non-growth stage will result in the worst performance for companies.
46
Tsai, Ya-Ling, and 蔡雅玲. "The Life Cycle Effect on the Earnings Persistence of Loss Firms." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73968708300822857867.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
會計學系碩士班
101
In this research, we observed the loss for the year turnaround in the future state of the company to investigate the loss of the relevant variables on the impact of corporate turnaround continuing. Modeling to predict the probability of correct degree turnaround is divided into two phases: the first reference Joos and Plesko (2005) model, extending Joos and Plesko (2005) correction to join an influential financial indicators, the second stage considerations corporate life cycle changes possible impact, and then postponed due to the company at different stages of the life cycle, its earnings persistence have significant differences. Compare the predictive power of the regression model, the forecast does not consider the life cycle of the next year 's third annual turnaround observed probability , empirical results show that adding filters to the financial indicators with relevance , its high degree of predictive models correctly predict accurately 66.9 % . We found if consider which of the enterprise with different life cycle may influent six MJP LC Model, the prediction accuracy will be up to 69.5% . This indicates, the life cycle of sustained turnaround in the future there is a considerable degree of probability of impact, with a predictive capability. For the observation of the next 2-3 years consecutive year of continued turnaround for the company forecast losses in the first turnaround in year t +1 , t +2 in the first years of the first year t +3 earnings persistence, and then compare the predictive power of the regression model , the kind of empirical mode detection accuracy is high, predicting the future of t +2 and t +3 years of sustained turnaround correct rate , the results of Accession has influence financial indicators and consider enterprise in which the different life cycle stages , the model 's predictive power and explanatory power optimization . The research indicated that the modified MJP by LC Model results most predictive ability of the losses the company sustained losses degree rotation most explanatory power.
47
Chen, You-Jie, and 陳宥榤. "The Effect of Performance Attainment on Earnings Management in Firm Life Cycle." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12563887521322539711.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中正大學
企業管理所
98
This paper discusses the behavior of earnings management under attainment discrepancy over different stages of a firm’s life cycle. Firms with different resource demands and performance attainment across life cycle stages will take proactive strategic actions to satisfy, or prevent adverse responses, from stakeholders. Therefore, the behavior of earnings management will imply different motives and purposes in nature. Nevertheless, both factors of firm life cycle and attainment discrepancy were neglected in the prior earnings management researches. Empirical data are obtained from manufacturer listed in both TSE and OTC from 1985 to 2008. The results show that in the different stage of a firm’s life cycle (pre-growth, growth, maturity and decline), when the firm''s performance is above aspiration, there is downward earnings management; on the other hand, when the firm’s performance does not meet the aspiration, there are upward earnings management. The results implied that as Taiwanese firms are more resource dependent, there is a stronger intention to meet the debt contract hypothesis and accounting conservatism principle. Meanwhile, this study also confirmed that Taiwan firms do no exhibit “big bath” phenomenon as earlier researches suggested.
48
Mustapha, Obaidiyah. "The effect of terpenes on the life cycle of the malaria parasite." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23309.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
in the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Medicine
Johannesburg, South Africa, 2017Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease resulting in high mortality rates especially in sub- Saharan Africa. Vector control and chemoprophylaxis are important aspects in the prevention of malaria. However, due to the emergence of resistance to antimalarial therapies and insecticides as a global issue, new compounds are required to ensure adequate therapy. For centuries, traditional phytomedicines have been used as effective malaria management. African traditional plants are commonly used in South Africa, where the essential oils (EOs) and extracts have been shown to possess promising activity in the control of malaria. As such, the activity of various EOs and essential oil constituents (EOCs) has been investigated on the lifecycle of the parasite. The in vitro parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay determined the antimalarial activity of the EO/EOCs on the asexual stages of the parasite. All five EOs, Artemisia afra, Lippia javanica, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Ocimum basilicum displayed antimalarial activity, with C. citratus (IC50 value: 2.00 x10-5%) displaying the most activity in comparison to the control, quinine (IC50 value 1.71 x10-5%; 0.18 μM). Nine of the 22 selected EOCs displayed antimalarial activity with eucalyptol (IC50 value: 0.37 μM; 6.19 x10-6%) the most active. The sensitivity of the Anopheles vector was assessed by determining the larvicidal activity of the EO/EOCs. Larvicidal activity was displayed by all five EOs and 14 EOCs with LC50 values ranging from 0.001 to 0.047%. The EOCs, cis-nerolidol and p-cymene displayed the most promising larvicidal activity of all tested EO/EOCs with LC50 values of 0.001 and 0.004%, respectively. When combined these two EOCs interacted in an additive manner (average ΣFIC: 0.94). It was also determined that the reconstituted crude oils made from the EOCs to replicate the original EO, displayed less larvicidal activities than the original EO. To determine the preliminary toxicological effect of the EO/EOCs, the haemolysis, lipid peroxidation inhibition, tetrazolium and brine shrimp lethality assays were undertaken. Haemolytic activity was not displayed by any of the EO/EOCs, with only O. basilicum and eugenol inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Cellular viability was affected by all five EOs (IC50 values: 2.4 x10-4 - 2.5 x10-1%) and fifteen of the selected EOCs (IC50 values: 0.2 - 72.4 μM). Cymbopogon citratus and C. nardus and ten EOCs possessed Artemia nauplii lethality activity (LC50 values: 6 x10-7 - 1.4 x10-2%). Varying antimalarial, larvicidal and toxicological properties were observed for the various isomers of nerolidol, geraniol, pinene, linalool, thujone and citronellal. These results showed that the biological activities of the EO/EOCs have the potential to be used as adjuncts in the management of the malaria parasite and vector, as well as the development for novel drugs.
MT2017
49
Lin, Chien-Liang, and 林建良. "The Effect of Expensing Incentive Compensation, Business Life Cycle on Compensation Plan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90731508195653001512.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
會計學研究所
98
The purpose of this study is to exam the effect of expensing incentive compensation, different business life cycles on compensation plan. Because for Information and Electronics industry, reward system is more important and after expensing incentive compensation, the impact is bound to cause most serious. Due to these reasons, this paper chooses information and electronics industry as sample, and uses panel data’s fixed effect regression model for period 2006 to 2008 to process empirical testing. First, I investigate whether expensing incentive compensation and business life cycle will affect the percentage of employee bonuses, and this paper expect that the result of expensing incentive compensation will decrease employee bonuses ratio. After that I divide employee bonuses into employee stock bonuses and employee cash bonuses to investigate whether expensing incentive compensation and business life cycle will change the weight of different kinds of employee bonuses. The results where after expensing incentive compensation, firms will pay less employee stock bonuses. Furthermore, in higher growing stage, this paper expects firms will pay more employee stock bonuses. At last, I obtain employee stock option to compose equity-based compensation to investigate whether expensing incentive compensation and business life cycle will change the weight of equity-based compensation. Like employee bonuses, the amount of employee stock option will decrease because of the accounting recognizing method from intrinsic value method to fair value method mandatory and will increase because of the alternative reward method from employee stock bonuses. As a result, after expensing incentive compensation I expect the weight of equity-based compensation will alter, but I don’t expect the direction. After I use business life cycle composite index and expensing incentive compensation to process my empirical testing, the empirical results are in conformity with my expectation. It means that after expensing incentive compensation, enterprise will decrease the percentage of employee bonuses and employee stock bonuses. On the other hand when enterprise is in higher growing stage, it will pay more employee bonuses, employee stock bonuses and equity-based compensation.
50
WEN, MING YEN, and 溫明燕. "The Effect of Business Life Cycle and Corporate Governance on Investment Efficiency." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56402974114206068702.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
會計學系碩士班
104
The samples of this study are the listed companies in Taiwan from year 2010 to year 2014. The study discussed the relations of the enterprise life cycle, corporate governance and investment efficiency. The empirical results are summarized as follows: 1.Relevance of corporate governance and investment efficiency: All the overinvestment and underinvestment are deemed as investment inefficiency samples, indicating that the better corporate governance will result in lower investment insufficiency. It provided explanation for the situation that corporate governance system can effectively reduce the investment inefficiency. The investment inefficiency is divided into overinvestment and underinvestment. From the samples of overinvestment and underinvestment, the better corporate governance can effectively inhibit the inefficiency of overinvestment. 2.Relevance of enterprise life cycle and investment efficiency: All the overinvestment and underinvestment are deemed as investment inefficiency samples, indicating that comparing to the maturity stage, the growth stage and recession stage have higher percentage of investment inefficiency. The growth stage will have more overinvestment inefficiency than the maturity stage; the recession stage will have more underinvestment inefficiency than the maturity stage. 3.Relevance of enterprise life cycle, corporate governance and investment efficiency: The results showed that the cross multiply item of the dummy variables of enterprise life cycle and the corporate governance variables is not statistically significant and lacks explanatory power.