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1
Comartova, Fatima, Andrey Pomazanskiy, Elena Nikitina, Saria Nanba, Timur Mel'nik, and Nataliya Hromova. Law and biomedicine. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1244966.
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The rapid development of modern biomedicine creates both hopes for solving global problems of humanity, and risks associated with the enormous potential of its impact on human nature. In this regard, the processes of development and application of biomedical technologies need timely and adequate legal regulation that defines the boundaries of biotechnological intervention in human life. This publication is devoted to the theoretical development of general legal approaches to the essence, content, social orientation and the main industry features of the regulation of relations in the field of biomedicine, which would allow to form a special legal regulation in this area. For researchers, teachers, postgraduates, students, practicing lawyers, employees of public authorities.
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Nurmi, Jari-Erik. Adolescents' orientation to the future: Development of interests and plans, and related attributions and affects, in the life-span context. Helsinki: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1989.
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Nunberg, Geoff. The Social Life of Slurs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.003.0010.
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The words we call slurs are just plain vanilla descriptions. They don’t semantically convey any disparagement of their referents, whether as content, conventional implicature, presupposition, “coloring” or mode of presentation. To use a slur is to exploit the Maxim of Manner to assert one’s affiliation with a group that has a disparaging attitude towards the word’s referent. Kraut is simply the conventional description for Germans among Germanophobes when they are speaking in that capacity. This account explains the familiar properties of slurs, such as their speaker orientation and “nondetachability,” as well as a number of unexplored features, such as the variation in tone among the different slurs for a particular group, with no need of additional linguistic mechanisms.
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Greene, Dana. “Making Peace”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037108.003.0010.
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This chapter details the life and career of Denise Levertov from 1985 to 1988. The years 1985–1988 were rich and productive. Levertov continued to live in Somerville and Palo Alto, teach, attend to friends through letters and visits, give readings, travel, garner awards, and create poems. Although the intensity of her romantic life had ebbed, apparently she was content with this turn of events. Her engagement with social justice issues continued to be expressed in her poetry, especially in concern for Central and South America, the arms race, the environment, and the spread of AIDS. Although she participated less frequently in public demonstrations, her button inscribed with “Picket and Pray” suggested her new orientation, one which would have been unthinkable ten years earlier.
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Parreira do Amaral, Marcelo, Siyka Kovacheva, and Xavier Rambla, eds. Lifelong Learning Policies for Young Adults in Europe. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350361.001.0001.
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This comprehensive collection discusses topical issues essential to both scholarship and policy making in the realm of Lifelong Learning policies and how far they succeed in supporting young people across their life courses, rather than one-sidedly fostering human capital for the economy. Examining specific regional and local contexts across Europe, all various in context, this book uses original research to evaluate differences in scope, approach, orientation, and objectives. It enquires into the embedding of LLL policies into the regional economy, the labour market, education and training systems and the individual life projects of young people, with focus on those in situations of near social exclusion.
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Cohen, Richard I., ed. Sylvia Barack Fishman (ed.), Love, Marriage, and Jewish Families: Paradoxes of a Social Revolution. Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2015. 340 pp. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0043.
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This chapter reviews the book Love, Marriage, and Jewish Families: Paradoxes of a Social Revolution (2015), edited by Sylvia Barack Fishman. Love, Marriage, and Jewish Families deals with topics that intersect Jewishness, religion, nationality, gender and sexual identities, and life course perspectives. It shows that Jewishness cannot be understood without intersectional analysis of its national and cultural context (illustrated by the United States and Israel), religious context, its temporal context, and its life course context. Fishman explores the ways in which the U.S. and Israeli contexts are significantly different with regard to Jewish families and family orientations; how childrearing among gay and lesbian couples entails different challenges than among heterosexual couples; the added dimension to combining work and family in the case of religiously observant families; and how the overwhelmingly secular outside society can serve to empower haredi women in a shift toward egalitarianism.
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Knoll and, Benjamin R., and Cammie Jo Bolin. Who Supports Women’s Ordination in America? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882365.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the “who” of support for women’s ordination: who supports and who opposes female clergy in their congregations? It examines the nationwide Gender and Religious Representation Survey to uncover which factors are associated with support and which with opposition, paying special attention to things like personal demographics, religious behavior and attitudes, congregational context, and political orientations. The results show that support for female ordination is much more a function of congregational context and religious and political orientations than it is of demographics, most notably gender. Political and theological liberals as well as those currently attending congregations that admit female clergy support women’s ordination regardless of whether they are male or female. Also, those who have lower levels of sensitivity to “sanctity/purity” moral reasoning are more supportive of women’s ordination.
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Penney, Joel. News Spreaders and Agenda Setters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658052.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the use of platforms such as Twitter to link to news articles about favored political issues and argues that the selective sharing of journalism on social media positions citizens in a public relations–like capacity, helping raise awareness for some truths and narratives over others. In the contemporary environment of information surplus, the grassroots curation of news serves as an entry point for citizens to participate in agenda-setting processes that are subtly, yet undeniably, persuasive in intention. The increasingly partisan character of political information itself, from ideologically charged news and satire to activist-oriented citizen journalism, fuels the marketing-like orientation of citizens who publicize and promote this content to peers. The chapter concludes with an analysis of for-profit news sites that depend on social sharing for their financial livelihood and addresses broader risks of political trivialization as journalistic content is shaped to “go viral” across like-minded peer networks.
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Bamyeh, Mohammed A. Lifeworlds of Islam. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280567.001.0001.
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Islam is what Muslims do. From this premise, the book elaborates a sociology of Islam in three concise chapters. The book shows that Islam has operated typically not in the form of standard dogmas, but usually as a compass for practical orientations (“lifeworlds”). This more pragmatic character of the faith established it as a relevant factor in three arenas in which common social life acquires meaning: participatory ethics, public philosophies, and global networks. The book argues that all three are poorly understood in recent literature, which tends to focus on one specific problem or another, and then in isolation from global and historical contexts. The book argues that the larger preoccupations of ordinary Muslims—how to live in a global society; how to guide life in the manner of a total philosophy; and how to relate to the world of daily struggles—are unique neither to the present period nor to religious life. But the career of a particular religion—Islam in this case—offers a focused empirical lens through which we may learn something more about the nature of global citizenship; the philosophical needs of ordinary people; and the sorts of ethics that facilitate social participation.
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McCarthy, Marie. Creating a Framework for Music Making and Leisure. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.13.
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This chapter revisits the writings of music sociologist and educator Max Kaplan (1911–1998) to inform efforts to bring together the domains of leisure and music making in the twenty-first century. The chapter begins with a brief description of Max Kaplan’s life that explains his orientation to the social functions of music, sociology, and leisure studies, and that situates his contributions in the context of his time—the mid and late twentieth century. Following the introduction, the chapter is organized around themes from Kaplan’s published works and projects: patterns of development in leisure and recreation, 1900–1960; changing conceptions of leisure and recreation in the mid-twentieth century; a theory of recreational music; community as fertile ground for observing leisure in action; music making in the context of leisure; and moving forward with Kaplan’s vision.
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Slim, Souad. From a Privileged Community to a Minority Community: The Orthodox Community of Beirut through the Newspaper Al-Hadiyya. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430616.003.0013.
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This chapter examines al-Hadiyya, the newspaper relaunched in 1921 in a dramatically different political context following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the installation of the French Mandate. Earlier Orthodox newspapers published by the diocese of Beirut and its community had been primarily religious and cultural in orientation. Al-Hadiyya took on a much more ambitious approach. Through an analysis of its leading articles, the chapter explores the political questions and the sociopolitical problems of the time, examining the astonishing range of topics covered, among them the issue of minorities, the participation of emigrants in political life, population transfers, foreign influence and the shock of the Bolshevik Revolution. Vital economic subjects were also tackled, from the Lebanese state budget to issues of the world economy.
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Buchli, Victor. Households and ‘Home Cultures’. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0022.
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The domestic sphere or ‘home cultures’ as the term is used here is the location of many disciplinary investigations into the home. It is in the domestic sphere that one investigates the key elements of the human condition. This article's essence happens to be households and home cultures. It is where family, gender, and the nature of the individual are understood. It is also where the basic elements of cosmology and religious life and the elemental context for the understanding of political and economic life are lived and perceived. Here public and private realms are forged; nature/culture boundaries are created and negotiated. The home is typically how we know the world and know about people who inhabit the world. It is the key point of orientation for members of a given society as it is to its visitors and outsiders. A study of the gradual change in the domestic realm in the twentieth century concludes this article.
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Biebuyck, William, and Judith Meltzer. Cultural Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.140.
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Cultural political economy (CPE) is an approach to political economy that focuses on how economic systems, and their component parts, are products of specific human, technical, and natural relations. Notwithstanding longer historical roots, CPE emerged as part of the “cultural turn” within the social sciences. Although it is often seen as countering material determinism and the neglect of culture in conventional approaches in political economy, the cultural turn was less about “adding culture” than about challenging positivist epistemologies in social research. For some, cultural political economy continues to be defined by an orientation toward cultural or “lifeworld” variables such as identity, gender, discourse, and so on, in contrast to conventional political economy’s focus on the material or “systems” dimensions. However, this revalorization of the nonmaterial dimensions of political economic life reinforces a sharp distinction between the cultural and the material, an issue which can be traced to the concept of “(dis)embedding” the economy and subordinating society. A more noticeable development, however, is the increasing orientation of critical (CPE) analyses of global development toward the “economization” of the cultural in the context of mutating forms of neoliberalism. Concomitant to the economization of the cultural in narratives of global development is the “culturalization” of the economic. Here attention is paid not just to the growth of cultural industries but to the multiple ways in which culture has been normalized in discourses of global and corporate development.
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Daly, Tamara J., and Ruth Lowndes. Feminist Political Economy and Flexible Team Interviewing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190862268.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how we approached and conducted creative team interviewing during this multiyear ethnographic study of long-term care homes. We discuss interviewing from the theoretical standpoint of feminist political economy and feminist and interpretive interviewing. We outline our creative team interviewing method, as well as identify examples of what worked well and the relational, spatial, and temporal challenges we addressed. The chapter’s final section offers critical reflections on our contributions to creative team interviewing. Specifically, an explicitly feminist orientation in our research enabled us to use interviewing to pay attention to the everyday realities of the work and care in long-term care settings. Feminist political economy enabled us to see and hear experiences from nursing homes in context and in relation to others who live, work, and visit.
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Edwards, Jane, and Jason Noone. Developmental Music Therapy. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.40.
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Developmental music therapy (DMT) is a model that underpins music therapy practice with multiple client groups. The resonances of DMT can be found whenever music therapists use any or all of their understanding of developmental stages, family context, and social and cultural frameworks to consider needs and interactions within individual or group music therapy. Music therapy training courses teach developmental theories, and therefore most practising music therapists use these theoretical perspectives in their interactions with clients. Thus chapter will show how developmental music therapy refers to three major theoretical orientations: (1) Theories of stress, coping, and adaption; (2) Human life span development, including stage models of development, and musical milestones of development; and (3) Ecological perspectives such as Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of development (Bronfenbrenner 1979). Boxill consistently termed her approach developmental music therapy (Boxill 1989). Therefore, this chapter provides an overview of Boxill’s writings and theoretical positioning within DMT.
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Mierzejewski-Voznyak, Melanie. The Radical Right in Post-Soviet Ukraine. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.30.
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During much of Ukraine’s post-Soviet history, the radical right has remained on the political periphery, wielding little influence over national politics. However, from 2009 to 2014, Ukraine saw a radical right-wing party, Svoboda, enter parliament, and from 2014 to 2016 there was an increased social role played by the right-wing radical groups Pravyi Sektor and Azov. Thus, the political impact of the far right in Ukraine extends beyond electoral performance and to the activities of extra-parliamentary groups that are beginning to penetrate political life and state institutions. The radical right in Ukraine is intertwined, but not identical, with ethnic Ukrainian nationalism. The direction and development of the Ukrainian far right have thus been a result of both the historical legacy and cultural context of a nation that was ruled over by others for centuries and is home to competing ethnic nationalisms and geopolitical orientations.
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Abraham, William J. Divine Agency and Divine Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786504.003.0001.
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The fundamental problems that have arisen over the last half-century in treatments of divine action in the Christian tradition stem from a failure to come to terms with the concept of action. Theologians and philosophers have assumed that we can have a closed conception of agency on a par with the concept of knowledge. On the contrary, the concept of action is a general concept like “event,” “quality,” or “thing.” It is an open concept with a great variety of context-dependent criteria. Recent work on the concept of action can provide an initial and utterly indispensable orientation in work on divine agency and divine action, but it cannot resolve fundamental questions about what God has really done; nor can it illuminate the particular actions of God that are so important in theology. For that we need to turn to theology proper, that is, to work in historical and systematic theology.
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Salomon, Stefan, ed. Der Status im europäischen Asylrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298146.
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Despite the constitutionalisation of asylum law by EU law over the last two decades, proceedings based on national norms often still occur before asylum authorities and the courts of EU Member States. This book examines the divergences in and tensions between the constitutionalisation of asylum law by EU law on the one hand and how national asylum laws operate on the other. The national context in this book is primarily Austria’s asylum law. As asylum encapsulates various status categories that determine the rights and duties of a person in most areas of life, this book analyses asylum law from the perspective of an individual’s legal status. The contributions it contains examine, among other issues, the case law of the European Court of Justice on persecution on the grounds of sexual orientation, exclusion from protection status, the uniform status of protection, the principle of the best interests of the child in EU law, as well as temporary residential status in light of the principle of human dignity. With contributions by Petra Sußner, Constantin Hruschka, Ronald Frühwirth, Florian Immervoll, Ulrike Brandl, Stefan Salomon, Florian Hasel, Kevin Hinterberger, Stephan Klammer, Lioba Kasper, Martina Berger, Simone Tanzer
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Scott-Baumann, Alison, Mathew Guest, Shuruq Naguib, Sariya Cheruvallil-Contractor, and Aisha Phoenix. Islam on Campus. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846789.001.0001.
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This book explores how Islam is represented, perceived and lived within higher education in Britain. It is a book about the changing nature of university life, and the place of religion within it. Even while many universities maintain ambiguous or affirming orientations to religious institutions for reasons to do with history and ethos, much western scholarship has presumed higher education to be a strongly secularizing force. This framing has resulted in religion often being marginalized or ignored as a cultural irrelevance by the university sector. However, recent times have seen higher education increasingly drawn into political discourses that problematize religion in general, and Islam in particular, as an object of risk. Using the largest data set yet collected in the UK (2015–18) this book explores university life and the ways in which ideas about Islam and Muslim identities are produced, experienced, perceived, appropriated, and objectified. We ask what role universities and Muslim higher education institutions play in the production, reinforcement and contestation of emerging narratives about religious difference. This is a culturally nuanced treatment of universities as sites of knowledge production, and contexts for the negotiation of perspectives on culture and religion among an emerging generation. We demonstrate the urgent need to release Islam from its official role as the othered, the feared. When universities achieve this we will be able to help students of all affiliations and of none to be citizens of the campus in preparation for being citizens of the world.
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Richter, Gerhard. Thinking with Adorno. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284030.001.0001.
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What Theodor W. Adorno says cannot be separated from how he says it. By the same token, what he thinks cannot be isolated from how he thinks it. The central aim of Thinking with Adorno: The Uncoervice Gaze is to examine how these basic yet far-reaching assumptions teach us to think with Adorno—which is to say, both alongside him and in relation to his diverse contexts and constellations. These contexts and constellations range from aesthetic theory to political critique, from the problem of judgment to the difficulty of inheriting a tradition, from one’s orientation in the work of art and the question of how to lead a right life within a wrong one to the primacy of the object and beyond. Along the way, the book makes vivid the notion that Adorno can best be understood through the lens of his highly suggestive—yet often overlooked—concept of the “uncoercive gaze.” This gaze designates a specific kind of comportment in relation to an object of critical analysis: it moves close to the object and tarries with it while struggling to decipher the singularities and non-identities that are lodged within it. As this book also shows, Adorno is best understood as a thinker in dialogue, whether with long-deceased historical predecessors in the German tradition such as Kant and Hegel, with writers such as Kafka, with contemporaries such as Benjamin and Arendt, or with philosophical voices that succeeded him, such as those of Derrida and Agamben.
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Rahilly, Elizabeth. Trans-Affirmative Parenting. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479820559.001.0001.
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In a world that is responding to ever-changing ideas and expressions of gender, this book adds new insights on transgender children and the parents who support them. Drawing on in-depth interview data with more than fifty parents, the book examines parents’ shifting understandings of their children’s gender and how they come to help their children make sense of their identities and their bodies. Throughout these processes, the book shows that parents’ meaning-making and decision-making often challenge LGBT rights discourses, as well as queer political tenets, in unexpected ways. These dynamics surface in three key areas: (1) gender and sexuality, (2) the gender binary, and (3) the body. Throughout parents’ understandings, gender identity and sexual orientation do not always present as radically separate aspects of the self, but are more fluid and open to reconsideration, given new cultural contexts, opportunities, and phases of the life course. And despite increasing cultural visibility around nonbinary identities, “gender-expansive” child-rearing often looks, fundamentally, very binary and gender-stereotypical, per the children’s own assertions and expressions. Lastly, parents often utilize highly medicalized understandings of transgender embodiment, which nevertheless resonate with some children’s sensibilities. Altogether, these families depart from conventional understandings of gender, sexuality, and the binary, but in ways that prioritize child-centered shifts, meanings, and parenting models, not necessarily LGBTQ politics or paradigms. This marks new ground for understanding the mechanisms and parameters of the (trans)gender change afoot.
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Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang. Religion, Law, and Democracy. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.
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This is the first representative edition in English of Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde’s writings on religion, law, and democracy. As a historian, legal scholar, and former judge on Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court, Böckenförde (1930–2019) has shaped legal and political discourse in twentieth-century Germany like few others. Doing so, he combined three normative orientations writings as a political liberal, as a social democrat, and as a Catholic. The included articles discuss the place of religion in modern democracy, the role of the Catholic Church in the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, the Copernican revolution of Vatican II in embracing religious freedom and accepting the modern secular state, the history of the concept of freedom of conscience, the relation of religion and state in Hegel’s writings, democratic models of secularism, theological reflections on the character of secular law, models of political theology, the need for canon law reform, and bioethical issues, such as the regulation of abortion, genetic screening, and in vitro fertilization in light of the constitutional principle of human dignity. This is the second of two volumes, of which the first, published in 2017, brought together articles in constitutional and political theory. Beside fifteen articles, the volume contains excerpts of the biographical interview that historian and legal scholar Dieter Gosewinkel conducted with Böckenförde in 2009/2010. Introductions and annotations by the editors accompany the text throughout, providing background explanations on the context of German and European politics and history. A comprehensive list of Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde’s publications is included in an appendix.
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Davidson, Larry, Michael Rowe, Janis Tondora, Maria J. O'Connell, and Martha Staeheli Lawless. A Practical Guide to Recovery-Oriented Practice. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195304770.001.0001.
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This book takes a lofty vision of "recovery" and of "a life in the community" for every adult with a serious mental illness promised by the U.S. President's 2003 New Freedom Commission on Mental Health and shows the reader what is entailed in making this vision a reality. Beginning with the historical context of the recovery movement and its recent emergence on the center stage of mental health policy around the world, the authors then clarify various definitions of mental health recovery and address the most common misconceptions of recovery held by skeptical practitioners and worried families. With this framework in place, the authors suggest fundamental principles for recovery-oriented care, a set of concrete practice guidelines developed in and for the field, a recovery guide model of practice as an alternative to clinical case management, and tools to self-assess the recovery orientation of practices and practitioners. In doing so, this volume represents the first book to go beyond the rhetoric of recovery to its implementation in everyday practice. Much of this work was developed with the State of Connecticut's Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, helping the state to win a #1 ranking in the recent NAMI report card on state mental health authorities. Since initial development of these principles, guidelines, and tools in Connecticut, the authors have become increasingly involved in refining and tailoring this approach for other systems of care around the globe as more and more governments, ministry leaders, system managers, practitioners, and people with serious mental illnesses and their families embrace the need to transform mental health services to promote recovery and community inclusion. If you've wondered what all of the recent to-do has been about with the notion of "recovery" in mental health, this book explains it. In addition, it gives you an insider's view of the challenges and strategies involved in transforming to recovery and a road map to follow on the first few steps down this exciting, promising, and perhaps long overdue path.