Academic literature on the topic 'Life – Saving method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Life – Saving method"
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Cahyono, Agung Mandiro. "Metode Menabung Perspektif Zaman Nabi Yusuf As." Journal of Sharia Economics 1, no. 2 (2019): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35896/jse.v1i2.73.
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Saving is an activity to prepare future costs so that all the necessities of life remain stable and orderly. Mental preparation before saving is to be frugal. Without this it is very difficult to save. Various methods of saving, including saving at home, saving in the bank. The author examines the method of saving the number of perspectives in the time of the Prophet Joseph (as). that is, setting aside more of the earth's savings than allocating consumptive needs. As a result, when a famine occurs / economic crisis, the savings can meet the conditions of a famine that are met in a stable and orderly manner. Saving for 7 years, the savings can meet the needs for the next 7 years during famine. Writing this with the literature method, which uses the approach of interpretive studies and then analyzed and applied in the present age. The results of the analysis that the theory of saving is a quota of more savings the money from income than expenditure.
 Keywords: Saving, Age of the Prophet Joseph
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Defeng, Xu, Dai Junwu, Chen Limei, Yang Yongqiang, and Richard Agyare. "Study on the Safety Evaluation Method of Life-Saving Passage in Building Ruins under the Action of Aftershock." Shock and Vibration 2023 (April 15, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9707114.
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It is essential to evaluate the safety of the life-saving passage in building ruins and to ensure the “double safety” of rescuers and trapped people during the earthquake rescue; however, there are few studies on the safety evaluation method of life-saving passage. In this paper, the vertical displacement of wood shoring is proposed as an evaluation indicator of the saving-life passage considering the characteristics of building ruins and the size of the living space of the trapped. Taking life-saving passage of the pancake-type building ruins as research object, the evaluation of the safety of the life-saving passage was investigated under the action of aftershock. The vertical bearing capacity test of wood shoring is performed in order to obtain the evaluation indicator of saving-life passage. The restart function of ANSYS/LS-DYNA program is used to re-edit the numerical model of the building ruins to construct the life-saving passage, then, the safety evaluation of life-saving passage of the pancake-type building ruins is investigated under the action of aftershock. The results show that the constructed life-saving passage passed the safety evaluation under the actions of different aftershocks. The possibility of the secondary collapse of the life-saving passage increases exponentially with the increase of rescue time within “72-hour gold rescue,” and the growth is slow after 72 hours when the magnitude of the main earthquake reaches above 7.4; the safety factor K should be increased appropriately if wood shoring is used to construct a life-saving passage when the main earthquake’s magnitude is greater than or equal to 7.5. The safety evaluation method of life-saving passage can provide effective reference for earthquake rescue.
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Schubert, Walter. "Life‐Saving Microscopy Method for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients." Cytometry Part A 97, no. 9 (2020): 866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24039.
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Xu, Defeng, Junwu Dai, Limei Chen, Yongqiang Yang, Richard Agyare, and Ning Tao. "Study on Construction and Optimization of the Life-Saving Passage in Building Ruins Based on Numerical Simulation Method." Shock and Vibration 2023 (April 28, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3670668.
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It is a very important task to construct a life-saving passage in building ruins rapidly and scientifically in the process of earthquake rescue. Currently, the virtual scene is built to train rescuers to construct the life-saving passage quickly and scientifically. However, there are problems such as high cost, small quantity, and single form. A new method of constructing building ruins and life-saving passage was proposed based on the combined finite element (FE) and finite-discrete element (F-DE) method and restarted function of LS-DYNA program. First, taking the RC frame structure ruins as research objection, the different types of life-saving passages were constructed. What’s more, a simple and reasonable optimization method of life-saving passage is proposed based on the rescue technologies with the shortest time. Meanwhile, the timing test of four typical rescue technologies was performed considering the influence factors of various rescue situations. Finally, the practicability and validation of the optimization method was verified through comparing with actual earthquake rescue case. The results show that the restart function of ANSYS/LS-DYNA program can construct the life-saving passage rapidly and reasonably, and simultaneously, the optimal method of life-saving passage can give the optimal rescue route intuitively and accurately. The numerical simulation method of construction and optimization of life-saving passages is expected to provide theoretical guidance for rescue drills for on-site earthquake rescue.
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Tulakpayeva, Saltanat, Aidar Muratovich Aitkulov, and Gulmira Okibaevna Zhuzbaeva. "Overview of health-saving skills developing technologies." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 109, no. 1 (2023): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg1/130-134.
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The article reviews and compares the diversity of health-saving skills developing technologies in different studies of educational process, that provide knowledge and skills to maintain well-being of students. First year students face challenges that are threatening their physical and mental health, and undergo the new selfdestroying habits like smoking, drinking, alcohol, depravation of sleep, bad nutrition etc. First year students’ adaptation should be followed with attention to develop independent health-saving skills. The technologies developing health-saving skills, like researched-based programs, theoretical base and skills are reviewed and widely examined. The article contains analyzed information on health-saving skills, methods of developing health-saving skills, socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life, and use health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as criteria to differentiate level of impact on academic success of students. The role of efficient and promising technologies of developing health-saving skills on changing attitude about wellbeing and health, bringing understanding among freshman students about influence of health on academic success and other aspects of life is overviewed. Compared technologies developing health-saving skills affect academic success of students on the different level of approach, and it concludes that for a great change, it is better to use skill-based method.
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Abdul, Mateen, Mirda Rizyana, Sharjeel Akhtar Rana, Diah Adtuti Sari Irum, Faizan Anwar Muhammad, and Fatimah Nuzulul. "How Socio-Economic Factors Influence Household Saving Patterns: Insights from Faisalabad, Pakistan." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 08, no. 03 (2025): 1356–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15065654.
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Abstract : Saving is vital at both micro and macro levels, at the micro level it secures the future of individuals and at a macro level, it increases the level of investment which increases the level of the country’s economic growth. This study examined the impacts of socio-economic factors on household saving behaviour in Faisalabad Pakistan. Cross-sectional data was collected at the district level from 200 respondents from rural and urban areas of Faisalabad. A stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. Household saving were used as the dependent variable and income, age, square of age, dependency ratio, marital status, employment status, level of education, wealth and liability were used as independent variables and regression was used for data analysis. The results of this study revealed that income and employment level significantly and directly impact household savings. Dependency ratio, marital status, level of education, wealth and liability have inverse and significant impact on household level of saving.
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Lupikawaty, Marieska, Dewi Fadila, Sari Lestari Zainal Ridho, Welan Mauli Angguna, Claudia Nurcahaya, and Sayyid Muhammad Fadhil. "Moderation of Self-Control on The Relationship of Financial Literacy and Saving Behavior in Women." Atestasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (2024): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v7i2.805.
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This study aimed to examine savings behavior of 97 women in the millennial generation and Gen Z group who live in rural areas. Recent surveys show that millennials and Gen Z recognize the importance of saving but only have savings that are enough to fulfill their life for three months. The research was conducted using a quantitative experimental between subject design method to answer questions regarding the influence of financial knowledge socialization on financial literacy. A non-experimental quantitative study was conducted to determine the moderating role of self-control on the influence of financial literacy on saving behavior through self-report on valid and reliable questionnaires and scales. The study results show that financial literacy and self-control have a role in explaining saving behavior (R2 = 0.52, p ≤ 0.05). Financial literacy has a significant positive impact in increasing saving behavior. Self-control also has an equally significant influence in explaining saving behavior. However, through testing the moderating role, self-control has a significant negative impact in influencing the relationship between financial literacy and saving behavior, this is interesting for further discussion.
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Petpairote, Wannuda. "Financial Skill and Self-Control Affecting the Saving Behaviour of Income Earners in Thai Municipalities." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 1 (2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i1.1089.
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The researcher aimed to examine the saving behaviour of income earners in Thai municipalities using a survey research method. The questionnaires were validated by experts, and data from 400 questionnaires were analysed using multiple regression analysis (including the mean and standard deviation). The results showed that most people had savings, which, if the savers had no main income, would be sufficient to sustain life for less than three months. Also, their incomes were mostly allocated for expenses, with the remainder deposited as savings. The proportion of savings per month was about 5–15%, and the overall purpose of saving money was to provide for old age or retirement. The main factor used to choose a form of savings was the rate of return. The savings trend is likely to continue in the future. The internet was a source of knowledge about saving plans, and most savings were in the form of money deposited with financial institutions. The researcher found that personal factors, such as income and occupation; financial skill factors, such as financial literacy, financial behaviour, and financial attitude; and self-control influenced the saving behaviour of income earners in Thai municipalities with a statistical significance of p-value at 0.01.
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Liu, Tao, Hai Hong Huang, Zhi Feng Liu, and Guang Fu Liu. "Product Life Cycle Energy Consumption Analysis Method Considering Remanufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.729.
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The product life cycle energy consumption model was established considering the impact of remanufacturing on the product lifecycle, and the energy consumption quantitative method was given. In order to optimize the life of a product, a method to calculate its life cycle critical point was proposed. The energy consumption model was applied to two types of gearboxes, new and remanufactured, to compare their life cycle energy, and the energy-saving design scheme optimization was achieved.
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Tamborini, Christopher R., and Changhwan Kim. "Are You Saving for Retirement? Racial/Ethnic Differentials in Contributory Retirement Savings Plans." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 4 (2019): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz131.
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Abstract Objectives: How individuals and families accumulate retirement resources during working years is a key aspect of aging with implications for later life. This study examines how much, and by what mechanisms, savings in retirement plans vary by race/ethnicity. Method: Using representative survey data and linked W-2 tax records, we estimate the probability of participation in employer-sponsored defined contribution (DC) retirement plans with probit regression, and contribution levels with ordinary least squares (OLS) models. We use Heckman models to adjust for potential sample selection. Results: Black and Hispanic workers have lower participation and contributions in employer-sponsored DC retirement plans than do white workers, while Asian Americans have higher levels. The bulk of racial/ethnic differences is attributed to socioeconomic position, especially education and labor market circumstances like earnings. Differentials are also associated with family circumstances, namely for black workers. After accounting for education, labor market, and family covariates, social-psychological factors appear to explain only small portions of differences, especially for black and Hispanic. Discussion: This study clarifies how racial/ethnic disparities in socioeconomic circumstances generate advantages and disadvantages in retirement wealth accumulation. Lower DC retirement plan participation and contributions among minorities in work life represent an underappreciated earlier-life channel through which racial inequalities in income and wealth in later life are generated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life – Saving method"
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Dobrescu, Loretti Isabella. "Essays on health and savings: cross - country evidence." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425576.
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The main objective of the present work is to shed light on aspects concerning, on the one hand, health, health spending and intra-family cohesion (strength of family ties), and on the other hand, savings, demographics and preferences structure. Briefly, it includes three chapters, the first one dealing with the microeconomic problems of increased medical spending and longer life expectancy, in the general framework of the insurance markets, while the last two address the macroeconomic question of what are the main determinants of the international and intertemporal di¤erences in the national saving rates. Is it demographics, government spending, productivity growth or preferences?
Over the years, there has been an increasingly important debate between economists and policymakers on individuals decisions after retirement, in terms of consumption and insurance, over the life-cycle. The first chapter focuses on features regarding consumption, health and health care expenditures related to age, namely incurred after the age of retirement by single individuals, from a microeconomic point of view. The aim is to explore the effects of uninsurable risk of health expenditures as well as the insurable risk of health status on consumption-insurance choice. Following this research line, I developed a model of consumption of goods
and utility of being looked after, taking into consideration the existence of a formal insurance possibility and of an informal insurance arrangement provided by the family, besides out-of-
pocket spending, in the integrated framework of the bequest motive. Using European data (SHARE) on three country groups, Mediterranean, Central European and Scandinavian, I estimated aggregate (representative agent) and disaggregate (for wealth subgroups) models, using a simulated life-cycle approach. More specifically, solving numerically the dynamic model by backward recursion and estimating the interest parameters using the Simulated Method of Moments (SMM), allowed me to simulate each individual's wealth, consumption, formal insurance, medical spending, health and mortality. With the simultaneous consideration of both risks, on
health and medical spending, I found that the model can generate increasing precautionary savings (and consequently bequests) with age after retirement, and therefore fits well the data profiles. Furthermore, I found that the older, and so the sickest, the individuals will become, the more weight they are going to attach to the informal care. Finally, results illustrated that, both at the aggregate and disaggregate level, cohesion coe¢ cient, which represents the strength of family ties, displays an increasing age structure. In addition, estimates showed that individuals that benefit of higher cohesion coefficients are likely to display a certain health status transition in the years after retirement, resulting in a higher life expectancy as measured by the survival probabilities.
Chapter 2 concentrate on the fact that national saving rates differ enormously across developed countries. But these differences obscure a common trend, namely a dramatic decline over time. France and Italy, for example, saved over 17 percent of national income in 1970, but less than 7 percent in 2006. Japan saved 30 percent in 1970, but only 8 percent in 2006. And the U.S. saved 9 percent in 1970, but only 2 percent in 2006. What explains these international and intertemporal differences? Is it demographics, government spending, productivity growth, or preferences? Our answer is preferences. Developed societies are placing increasing
weight on the welfare of those currently alive, particularly contemporaneous older generations. This conclusion emerges from estimating three models in which society makes consumption and labor supply decisions in light of uncertainty over future government spending, productivity, and social preferences. The three models differ in terms of the nature of preference uncertainty and the extent to which current society can control future societies' spending and labor supply
decisions. In the first model, there is only one society considered to rule forever. This society knows its current intertemporal preferences (discount factor) and current intratemporal preferences (age-specific weighting shares in utilities from consumption and leisure). However, it doesn't know the future intertemporal preferences (how its discount factor will evolve). The second model is a time-inconsistency variant of the first. Consequently, we allowed societies to
rule for only one period, rather than put a single society forever in charge. Although today's society knows its future preferences, it controls future societies' consumption and leisure allocation decisions only indirectly via the amount of capital it leaves for the next period. In the third model, society has stable intertemporal preferences, but changing intratemporal preferences (time variant age-specific utility weights). The main results of all three models, based on modeling and estimating the discount factor and the utility weights for U.S., France and Italy, confirm the theory that in time society changed the preference structure towards assigning progressively more weight to the present generations with respect to the future ones (declining
stochastic discount factor). Moreover, it also shows that in time, as far as preferences within the present generations are concerned, society evolved more and more towards a preference structure which assigns higher level of importance to the old generations with respect to the young ones. Indeed, we found the utility weights to follow a bell-shape pattern just for the first half of the existing age groups, while for the second one the curve is more flat, declining at a slower rate than it rose in the first half. In other words, society tends to allocate less importance to the young generations than to the old ones, and this pattern is accentuated in time.
The last chapter is intended to offer an alternative answer to the question raised in Chapter 2, relative to which are the main factors that determine the national saving rate of a country. It does so by estimating a finite-horizon overlapping generation model of consumption choice for the U.S., where in each period of time, government and households decide together what is to be consumed and saved. The novelty consists in modelling societies preference for young, old and unborn generations separately. Another new feature consists in considering a four stochastic dimension model, where besides uncorrelated technology and government spending
shock, I included positively correlated societies preferences for young and for old generations. To this purpose, I estimated a set of parameters consistent with the structure of the modelled economy, evaluating their measurements based on demographics and preferences. It is registered that when an age-specific utility weights structure and stochastic society' preferences towards young and old generations are introduced, the model achieve a good empirical performance. In this respect, results clearly confrm the main idea of Chapter 2 that, in time, society tended progressively attributed more importance to the old generations with respect to the young or future ones and accentuated this tendency over the years. In order to extend this study, further
research can be done by replicating the analysis for France and Italy.
Books on the topic "Life – Saving method"
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Karcev, Sergey, and Igor' Kravchenko. Technologies for resource-saving restoration and repair of industrial equipment parts. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. https://doi.org/10.12737/2098998.
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The monograph outlines the theoretical foundations and practice of using the plasma method of applying high-life coatings as one of the most effective, strengthening and repair technologies that increase the durability of restored parts of industrial equipment. The means of technological equipment, equipment and materials for plasma application of wear-resistant coatings are described. The experimental data and the results of theoretical research are summarized. Various methods of testing and properties of coatings applied by the plasma method are considered. For researchers, postgraduates and students studying various branches of technology, as well as engineering and technical workers in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, energy and other industries.
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Li, Yan Ming. Resurrecting from cancer: The life-saving zijiu method : learn to replenish your own innate genuine qi to improve your health. 2nd ed. ZiJiu Pub. LLC, 2008.
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Li, Yan Ming. Resurrecting from cancer: The life-saving ZiJiu method : learn to replenish your own innate genuine qi to improve your health. AuthorHouse, 2007.
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Mihaylov, Vyacheslav, Elena Sotnikova, and Nina Kalpina. Eco-friendly air protection systems for motor transport facilities. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1093106.
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The textbook considers the issue of assessing the heat and humidity state of air in the processes of its processing in various systems, provides requirements for air protection means, taking into account their environmental friendliness, shows ways of energy saving in cooling, heating and year-round air conditioning systems, as well as when protecting the atmosphere from harmful emissions. The way of energy saving with individual thermal protection of the operator by means of local cooling during air treatment in an irrigated intensified nozzle is shown and recommendations for reducing its material consumption are developed. The method and means of reducing the toxicity of emissions of tractor internal combustion engines during its operation in rooms of limited volume by water vapor humidification of the fuel-air mixture are demonstrated. The ways of noise reduction of air protection systems are shown.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 It is intended for students studying in the specialties "Ground transport and technical means", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Power engineering", "Ground transport and technological complexes", "Refrigeration, cryogenic equipment and life support systems", "Technosphere safety", "Ecology and nature management".
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Shanks, Ralph C. The U.S. Life-Saving Service: Heroes, rescues, and architecture of the early Coast Guard. Edited by York Wick and Shanks Lisa Woo. Costaño Books, 1996.
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Ray, Grace Del. Saving Grace Money Method Mindset: Set Your Financial Life up for Success Journal. in omnia paratus publishing, 2023.
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Yan, Ming Li. Resurrecting From Cancer: The Life-Saving ZiJiu Method: Learn to replenish your own innate genuine qi to improve your health. AuthorHouse, 2007.
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Resurrecting From Cancer: The Life-Saving ZiJiu Method: Learn to replenish your own innate genuine qi to improve your health. AuthorHouse, 2007.
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Britain, Great. Life-Saving Signals and Rescue Methods (SOLAS [posters]). Stationery Office Books, 1993.
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Organization and Methods of the United States Life-Saving Service. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Life – Saving method"
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Qi, Jianjun, Shaojia Chen, Dongfeng Wang, Liqin Wang, and Rui Guo. "Research on Accelerated Degradation Test and Reliability Evaluation Method for Hydraulic Pumps Based on Parallel Energy Saving." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_42.
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AbstractHydraulic pump is a product with high reliability and long-life, there exist many urgent problems like long test period, high cost and a larger power consumption in the reliability evaluation method of pump. A new kind of reliability test bench is built combined with parallel power-saving design concept, which based on principles of energy saving and power recycle. Multi-pumps reliability accelerated degradation test is achieved by applying step stress on the pump under test. Volumetric efficiency is selected as performance degradation evaluating index, the degradation of whose is much closed to real physics model. The accretion model for hydraulic pump reliability test is built based on inverse moment estimation method, by which hydraulic pump reliability level under different stress conditions is given. In the meantime, the method of concurrent accelerated degradation testing can serve as references of other core hydraulic components.
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Kryvonosov, Valerii, Oleksandr Matvienko, Ievgen Antipov, et al. "Energy-Saving Method for Predicting the Residual Life of an Electric Motor and Software Development." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76650-3_4.
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Hou, Miaomiao, Yaoyu Lin, Qiong Wang, Xiaolu He, Yiqian Zheng, and Pengyuan Shen. "Operational Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Benefits of Concrete MiC Building’s Envelope." In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_50.
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AbstractModular integrated Construction (MiC) is an off-site construction method of the highest level and has been fast developed to meet the demand for fast, low-cost and eco-friendly construction. As the construction industry is the main contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, MiC has great potential to improve its thermal and energy performance through better envelope design. However, fewer existing papers study the environmental performance of MiC during the operational phase, especially for concrete MiC. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the environmental performance of MiC during the operation phase through a case study of a real project and a comparative LCA analysis. The simulation modeling was calibrated and validated with real-time measurement readings. The temporal and spatial variations of the indoor thermal environment were analyzed. Finally, the energy consumption was simulated and a whole-life-cycle assessment was conducted, to provide a holistic quantitative energy saving and carbon reduction analysis for MiC compared to normal prefabricated construction. This research can help to improve the envelope design guidance of MiC and the resulting environmental performance.
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Eremkin, Aleksandr I., and Inna K. Ponomareva. "Method of Energy and Resource Saving Based on the Implementation of Life Cycle Contracts in the Implementation of National Capital Construction Projects." In Advances in Natural, Human-Made, and Coupled Human-Natural Systems Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78105-7_15.
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Li, Yijing, Kun Zheng, Zhipeng Yang, et al. "Fast Static Electrochemical Impedance Spectra Prediction from the Dynamic Impedance of Lithium-Ion Batteries." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4856-6_14.
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Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in modern energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful non-destructive method for assessing battery performance and aging, and has traditionally relied on static EIS measurements performed under steady-state conditions. However, obtaining steady-state data is time-consuming and can interfere with battery operation. Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) addresses this issue to some extent, however, interpreting the transient nature of these data is challenging. In this study, we propose a new method to predict static EIS from DEIS using a long short-term memory neural network, thus saving measurement time. The results show that the complex mapping between dynamic and static EIS can be accurately predicted from static EIS by a deep learning approach with Mean Absolute Error of 0.0193 and 0.0080 for its real and imaginary parts, respectively. This study makes significant progress in simplifying the EIS acquisition, which makes battery diagnosis more efficient and flexible.
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Dhoundiyal, Meenakshi, and Nishtha Pareek. "Analysis of Savings and Investments in First Ten Years of Employment in Dubai." In BUiD Doctoral Research Conference 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56121-4_46.
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AbstractIt is crucial in the modern world to not only start thinking about savings and investing but also to act on it. For long term financial stability and growth, one needs to start saving and then carefully investing the savings in different investment avenues. Savings and investments are used interchangeably. But the fact is that both have different meanings with one common motive of safeguarding the future in terms of finance. This paper attempts to study the savings and investments outlined in the first ten years of employment in Dubai. Dubai has all possible investment avenues available, just like any other economy may have. The primary data were collected from 118 respondents, with 65 men and 53 women. It is found that most of the employees are aware of the savings and investments. Males are more aware and hence making more savings and investments as compared to females. It is also found that the majority of the employees save 10–20% of their earnings monthly. The purpose of saving is future security followed by safety and tax savings. Further research found a significant relationship between investment awareness and Gender and the relationship between educational qualification and selection of the investment avenues.Purpose: This study focuses on the savings and investment opportunities for the employees; further it will explore various factors that motivate employees to save and invest and factors that affect the investment behaviors of the employees.Methodology: Primary and secondary data sources were used for data collection. Primary data was collected from the targeted population who are in the first ten years of their employment in the UAE by using Google Forms. A probability sampling method was selected for this study. The research instrument was administered to 120 respondents out of which 118 were returned. 2 respondents could not return the form and hence the final sample size was 118, with 65 men and 53 women participating in the survey.Findings: A significant relationship between gender and investment awareness. Men are relatively more aware of the investment and savings avenues as compared to the women. Women are more driven to invest in gold as compared to their male counterparts. There is a positive relationship between level of education and awareness regarding saving and investment.Recommendations: Creating monthly and yearly budget is crucial for the financially safe future. Investments in liquid funds to have more flexibility can be considered in this age group. Consulting a financial advisor to make wise investment choices is recommended. Further research can be conducted on the gender-wise investment choices, investment choices at different age level from the early years of earning till retirement.
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Tang, Ying, Chunze Liu, Fengshuai Cao, and Jianping Shang. "Analysis on Throughput Capacity of Water-Saving Ship Lock in Simulation Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_26.
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AbstractWhen the double-line water-saving ship locks operate in the mode of filling and emptying mutually, the filling water process of one lock chamber and emptying water process of the other one are carried out at the same time, thus the situation of chambers waiting for each other is inevitable. Besides, the variation of ship navigating speed and safety interval time between two adjacent ships may have a more significant impact on the operation efficiency of the ship lock, which cannot be ignored. Combined with the actual condition of a planned lock on a canal in China, the throughput capacity and operation efficiency of the double-line water-saving ship locks under the mode of filling and emptying mutually are studied. A coupled operation simulation model of double-line locks is established, in which the mode of filling and emptying water mutually or independently is adopted. In the model, the whole operation processes of the locks are simulated. The simulation results show that the throughput capacity of the planned ship lock is reduced by 5.6%–7.8%, and the average lockage time is increased by about 10.8%, when comparing the mode of filling and emptying water mutually with independently. Besides, using average value of speed and safety interval time of ships is acceptable when doing research on the throughput capacity and operation efficiency of ship locks. The achievements can provide technical support for the analysis of the throughput capacity and operation efficiency of the water-saving ship lock.
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Calbay, Ayca. "Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Hypothermi." In Special Circumstances in Resuscitation. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358923.2.
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Hypothermic arrest cases often occur as a result of long-term cold exposure or accident. Although it is observed primarily in centers where the weather is cold, these cases can be found all over the world. Unexpectedly, hypothermic arrest cases may also be encountered in summer months and in hospitalized patients under observation. With the use of advanced assisted resuscitation methods such as extracorporeal life support and cardiopulmonary bypass, neurological survival in this population has reached 47-63%. Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature below 35°C (95°F) and can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. This condition can arise from prolonged exposure to cold environments, immersion in cold water, inadequate clothing, or underlying medical conditions that affect body temperature regulation. The primary goal of hypothermic resuscitation is to safely and effectively return the patient’s body temperature to normal levels. The treatment approach varies based on the severity of hypothermia, categorized into mild, moderate, and severe stages. In cases of mild hypothermia, passive rewarming methods are typically sufficient. Passive rewarming relies on the patient’s own metabolic heat production to gradually raise the body temperature. For moderate to severe hypothermia, active rewarming techniques are necessary. Active rewarming methods include administering warmed intravenous fluids to increase core body temperature from the inside, using external heating devices such as heating blankets or forced-air warming systems, and in extreme cases, employing extracorporeal rewarming techniques. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and cardiopulmonary bypass are advanced medical procedures that circulate the patient’s blood through an external warming device before returning it to the body, providing rapid and controlled rewarming. In summary, hypothermic resuscitation is a life-saving procedure that requires a methodical and patient-specific approach. The success of this intervention depends on the timely and appropriate application of rewarming techniques and the vigilant management of potential complications. Healthcare professionals’ expertise and prompt action are pivotal in ensuring the best outcomes for patients suffering from hypothermia.
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Hartisch, Michael, Christian Reintjes, Tobias Marx, and Ulf Lorenz. "Robust Topology Optimization of Truss-Like Space Structures." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_23.
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AbstractDue to the additional design freedom and manufacturing possibilities of additive manufacturing compared to traditional manufacturing, topology optimization via mathematical optimization gained importance in the initial design of complex high-strength lattice structures. We consider robust topology optimization of truss-like space structures with multiple loading scenarios. A typical dimensioning method is to identify and examine a suspected worst-case scenario using experience and component-specific information and to incorporate a factor of safety to hedge against uncertainty. We present a quantified programming model that allows us to specify expected scenarios without having explicit knowledge about worst-case scenarios, as the resulting optimal structure must withstand all specified scenarios individually. This leads to less human misconduct, higher efficiency and, thus, to cost and time savings in the design process. We present three-dimensional space trusses with minimal volume that are stable for up to 100 loading scenarios. Additionally, the effect of demanding a symmetric structure and explicitly limiting the diameter of truss members in the model is discussed.
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Scala, Francesco, Sergio Flesca, and Luigi Pontieri. "Play it Straight: An Intelligent Data Pruning Technique for Green-AI." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78977-9_5.
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Abstract The escalating climate crisis demands urgent action to mitigate the environmental impact of energy-intensive technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI). Lowering AI’s environmental impact requires adopting energy-efficient approaches for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). One such approach is to use Dataset Pruning (DP) methods to reduce the number of training instances, and thus the total energy consumed. Numerous DP methods have been proposed in the literature (e.g., GraNd and Craig), with the ultimate aim of speeding up model training. On the other hand, Active Learning (AL) approaches, originally conceived to repeatedly select the best data to be labeled by a human expert (from a large collection of unlabeled data), can be exploited as well to train a model on a relatively small subset of (informative) examples. However, despite allowing for reducing the total amount of training data, most DP methods and pure AL-based schemes entail costly computations that may strongly limit their energy saving potential. In this work, we empirically study the effectiveness of DP and AL methods in curbing energy consumption in DNN training, and propose a novel approach to DNN learning, named Play it straight, which efficiently combines data selection methods and AL-like incremental training. Play it straight is shown to outperform traditional DP and AL approaches, achieving a better trade-off between accuracy and energy efficiency.
Conference papers on the topic "Life – Saving method"
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Untermarzoner, Franz, Johann Kollegger, and Patrick Huber. "LT Bridge – Meeting the Modern Requirements in Bridge Engineering." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0785.
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<p>Owners of infrastructure buildings will face enormous challenges in the coming years. Many engineering structures, especially bridges, need to be renovated or rebuilt. They either cannot withstand the current loads or have developed durability problems. Discussions with owners have shown that rapid construction progress is crucial for bridge replacements. Construction sites should minimize traffic disruption as much as possible. As a result, a new, resource-saving, and fast construction method for bridges has been developed. Innovative precast longitudinal girders and deck slab elements were developed to fulfill these requirements. The precast elements are connected by reinforcement and an in-situ concrete layer at the construction site. A comparison of the environmental impact based on the construction materials (life cycle phases A1–A3) between a construction section of an LT bridge and a typical German highway bridge built on a falsework shows a lower global warming potential for the new bridge construction method due to the savings in construction materials and the use of high-performance concrete.</p>
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Wang, Xiaomeng, and Olivier Forget. "Replacement of external post-tensioning in bridge structures – practical experience in cutting the highly stressed tendons." In IABSE Congress, San José 2024: Beyond Structural Engineering in a Changing World. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2749/sanjose.2024.0602.
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<p>Replacing deteriorated external post-tensioning (PT) systems helps to extend infrastructure life, thus saving the CO2 emissions associated with the construction of replacement structures. This paper presents experiences from two projects involving the de-tensioning of fully grouted external PT systems, providing valuable engineering insights. After difficulties were encountered on the first project while following internationally accepted guidelines for cutting a fully grouted external PT tendon, an alternative method was developed for the second project of the same kind which improved the feasibility for the conditions encountered, minimizing risks to the structure and to the personnel doing the work.</p>
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Cardenas, Henry E., Vincent F. Hock, and Ellen G. Segan. "Feasibility of in Situ Lining Rehabilitation of Small Diameter Heat Distribution Pipe." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95606.
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Abstract Many pipeline rehabilitation methods are available for large pipe systems greater than 2 inches in diameter. For small internal systems with many lateral connections, the cost of these methods becomes exorbitant. This study examined the feasibility of an in situ lining rehabilitation concept for small pipelines that involves minimal surface preparation. This work addressed: testing and modification of candidate liner resins, hydraulic analysis of lining impact on pipe flow, and the life cycle cost comparison of applying a liner compared with typical plumbing maintenance practices. Analytical projections based on these analyses revealed a potential source of life cycle cost savings by applying this rehabilitation process to condensate return lines. A liner formulation involving Bisphenol-A and 1% silica addition exhibited sufficient high temperature immersion resistance to operate in a condensate return line. The mathematical liner impact model developed herein provides a qualitative representation of the liner impact on flow. Analytical findings derived from this model indicated that power savings are significantly dependant on pipe diameter and flow rate. A present worth, life cycle cost analysis revealed that if the cost of in situ rehabilitation is roughly 50% of replacement, the benefits may be revealed in terms of avoided operations, maintenance, and repair costs.
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Kuzyk, Peter. "Cartridge Technology for Spray-Applied Coatings - Low Cost, Reliable, Portable, and GREEN." In SSPC 2012 Greencoat. SSPC, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2012-00024.
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Abstract With increasing frequency cartridge-based technology is becoming the preferred method for touch-up and repair applications using high-solids coatings. Cartridge technology directly addresses many of the issues associated with batch mixing including pot life constraints, waste generation and off-ratio material proportioning/mixing. Recent data indicate there are substantial cost-savings and environmental benefits associated with cartridge use in comparison to conventional methods of touch-up and repair.
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Tkachenko, Anastasiia, Olha Sahdeeva, Galina Krusir, and Myroslav Malovanyy. "Study of Sorption Properties of Buckwheat Husk Biochar." In 8th International Congress "Environment Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management". Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8ufftt.
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Buckwheat grain processing produces a significant amount of buckwheat hulls, which are usually stored or incinerated, posing a threat to the environment, particularly to soil and air. The solution to this problem may lie in the production of biochar from buckwheat husks. Buckwheat husks have a favourable composition for biochar production. The resulting biochar can be used as an additive to compost to improve its characteristics, ensure a high-quality composting process and adsorb pollutants. Since the mechanisms of sorption of biochar produced from buckwheat husk are not yet well understood, the aim of this study is to investigate the sorption properties of biochar on the example of lead ion sorption. Comparison of the efficiency of lead ion sorption by different modified forms of raw materials shows that the method of biochar production significantly affects its sorption activity. An increase in the pyrolysis temperature has a positive effect on the sorption properties; the highest sorption is achieved at an initial concentration of lead ions of 1.00 mg/ml. The analysis of adsorption isotherms indicates a type L, which indicates minimal interaction between the adsorbed molecules. The kinetic parameters of the sorption process show that the system reaches equilibrium within a few hours, and the maximum sorption values are observed after 2.5-3 hours of incubation.
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Dhanaraj A and Karthikeyan S. "System and method of saving battery life by Master mobile station network search." In 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wispnet.2016.7566147.
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Jiang, Xiaoqing, and Qinruo Wang. "A low-power, long-life and energy-saving method for cold data storage." In 2016 6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials, Environment, Biotechnology and Computer. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmebc-16.2016.193.
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Imai, Naoki, and Kiyohito Yoshihara. "A power-saving standby method to extend battery life in dual-mode cellular phones." In 2012 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2012.6181091.
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Wei, Bing, Bin Zhang, and Wen Luo. "Research on Assessment Method of Green Buildings in China." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90349.
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Presently the sustainable development stratagem has made the green buildings to be a trend of building industry in China, and the assessment to the green buildings is becoming more and more important in developing the green buildings. In this paper the meaning of the green building assessment is explained, several main domestic and foreign green building assessment systems are analyzed and compared, and the common ground and limitations of these assessment methods are presented. Then a novel assessment index system which is more comprehensive, scientific and suitable for green buildings in China is developed by using the life cycle assessment method. This system contains six categories including land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and utilization, material saving and utilization, water saving and utilization, indoor environment quality and economy. According to the decision-making stage, design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, each category is divided into more concrete indexes. At last the established assessment system is used to evaluate a typical building in Xi’an, China. The final novel assessment index system is of theoretical and practical significance for the assessment and development of green buildings in China.
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Poslovskaya, V., Tamara Storodubtseva, and Oksana Shakirova. "REDESIGN AND RECYCLING OF FURNITURE AS A WAY TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT." In ENERGY-SAVING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGIES OF THE TIMBER INDUSTRY – 2025. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58168/e-sestti2025_466-470.
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This article examines various approaches to redesigning and recycling old furniture in terms of reducing the environmental footprint. The positive and negative sides of each method have been identified in order to determine the most environmentally friendly approach to prolonging the life cycle of furniture and to form recommendations for manufacturers and consumers seeking to minimize the threat to the environment and natural resources.
Reports on the topic "Life – Saving method"
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NELYUBINA, E., and L. PANFILOVA. ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS AND RESOURCES. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-85-97.
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Now the whole life of a person has switched to online mode. These changes also affected the education system. This means the need to introduce new technologies into the educational process. Books, manuals, printed publications are being replaced by electronic educational resources. Providing up-to-date, verified information to students has always been and remains one of the most important functions of the teacher. Unfortunately, with the transition of training to the online mode, the teacher cannot use his literature when conducting classes. In this regard, there is a need to use electronic resources. On the one hand, the development of the global network implies the presence of a large number of a wide variety of sites, which cannot but be a positive aspect, because both the teacher and the student can independently choose a resource that will be most understandable. But on the other hand, the variety of Internet resources implies the presence of unverified, false information, which can negatively affect the quality of education. That is why it is necessary to analyze new information systems. The problem is the presence of a large number of information technologies and resources used in education. Purpose. The goal is to conduct a comparative analysis of educational electronic publications and resources most often used by teachers of the natural science cycle in terms of their fullness, accessibility and use in the educational process. Method or methodology of the work. The requirements for the organization of a comprehensive examination suggest an approach that includes an examination of technical and technological, psychological, pedagogical and design-ergonomic aspects of the creation and use of educational electronic publications and resources, in our work we were based precisely on generalized research methods: 1) Technical and technological expertise (technical component of the site, its position in the network). 2) Psychological and pedagogical expertise (component by the type of educational electronic publication or resource, level of education, type and form of the educational process, assessment of the content and scenario of the informatization tool). 3) Design-ergonomic expertise (assessment of the quality of interface components of educational electronic publications and resources, their compliance with uniform ergonomic, aesthetic and health-saving requirements; assessment of the quality of interface components of educational electronic editions and resources, their compliance with uniform ergonomic, aesthetic and health-saving requirements). Results. The main sites that are frequently used by teachers of the natural science cycle of disciplines are the Russian Textbook corporation, the Enlightenment group of companies, the Binom publishing house, the Digital Age School, the practical significance of the study is determined by the high level of readiness of the results obtained, during the study it was found that it is advisable to introduce an information-electronic educational site - the Russian textbook corporation - into the pedagogical practice of the implementation of natural science subjects. The advantages of this server were established and recommendations for its use in the educational process were developed. Practical implications: the results obtained are expedient to be applied in educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
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Abraham. L51687 Subsea Repair of Gas Pipelines without Water Flooding. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010545.
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This study documents the state-of-the-art equipment and procedures available for use in isolating mid-line subsea pipeline repairs to prevent back-flooding. The study notes the lack of effective non-intrusive methods and the potential for cost savings when suitable methods are developed.
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Østergaard, Sigrid, and Jessica Aschemann-Witzel. SAVING THE WORLD, ONE PLATE AT A TIME? Aarhus University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.549.
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The PlantPro project aimed at researching the acceleration of an efficient green consumer behaviour transition in the food sector, with a major focus on more plant-rich diets. It is a research project funded by Innovation Fund Denmark which ran from the first of April, 2021 to December, 2024. Social scientists focusing on the food sector from three Danish universities, including Aarhus University, Copenhagen Business School, and the University of Copenhagen, collaborated with 16 partners – sector representatives from large and small companies, retailers, NGO´s, think tanks, and network organisations. As such, the project is unique in its focus on market and behaviour, and the way it brings together a broad range of stakeholders. The research in the project explored previous and ongoing food sector transitions, consumer-citizen behaviour changes and perception across different segments, and the actions to nudge, inform, or motivate behaviour change in different public and private choice contexts. This research was built on well-studied theories of sector sustainability transitions and social tipping, as well as a broad range of behaviour change theories. Diverse methods were used, ranging from case studies and expert interviews, to repeated representative surveys following trends over time, and experimental online surveys looking at specific mechanisms of change, to finally lab and real-life experiments looking at household, canteen, and supermarket behaviours. As a practical implication, the project delivers a catalogue of marketing and policy actions that can contribute to accelerating an efficient green consumer behaviour transition in the food sector. We list and describe this catalogue on the next pages. We have three major conclusions. The first is about the status of change. The second is about the road from here. The third is about the range of actions for both immediate and sustained effects.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.
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Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Jarram, Paul, Phil Keogh, and Dave Tweddle. PR-478-143723-R01 Evaluation of Large Stand Off Magnetometry Techniques. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010841.
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Monitoring the integrity of buried ageing ferromagnetic pipelines is a significant problem for infrastructure operators. Typically inspection relies on pig surveys, lDCVG, CIPS and contact NDT methods that often require pipes to be uncovered and often at great expense. This report contains the results of trials carried out on a controlled test bed using a novel remote sensing technique known as Stress Concentration Tomography (SCT) which claims to be capable of detecting corrosion, metal defects and the effects of ground movement by mapping variations in the earth's magnetic field around pipelines. The physical law upon which SCT has been engineered is Magnetostriction which is the process by which internal domains inside the structure of ferromagnetic materials, such as carbon steel alloys, create magnetic fields when subjected to mechanical stress. This report contains the results of controlled trials of the technology which potentially offers pipeline operators, particularly those of non-piggable pipelines, the benefit of considerable inspection cost savings since it is a non-invasive technique and no modification to the line or its operational parameters is required.
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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.
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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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Liu, Tong, and Hadi Meidani. Artificial Intelligence for Optimal Truck Platooning: Impact on Autonomous Freight Delivery. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-017.
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The advancements in autonomous- and connected-vehicle technologies bring drastic changes in freight delivery. Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication has become a reality with the help of autonomous and connected vehicles. One of the most notable changes is the formation of truck platoons. Despite the numerous benefits of truck platooning, such as reduced fuel consumption and increased traffic efficiency, this approach requires a significant amount of computational resources to obtain aerodynamic performance under different scenarios. To overcome this challenge, a data-driven surrogate model was proposed to predict the drag force and fuel-consumption rate of truck platoons. The surrogate model improves computational efficiency, as compared to traditional methods, and provides a valuable tool for evaluating the performance of truck platoons. To demonstrate the benefits of truck platooning, a 161-km (100-mi) corridor in Illinois on I-57 highway was selected to conduct fuel-consumption analysis and delivery-cost analysis for a three-truck platoon. The results showed that the average fuel savings achieved can be up to 10%, depending on the headway between the trucks. The delivery cost of the truck platoon was reduced by 30%, as compared with conventional line-haul delivery. These findings highlighted the importance of truck platooning as a solution for reducing fuel consumption and improving delivery economy in the freight industry.
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Hajj, Ramez, Marshall Thompson, Renan Santos Maia, et al. Updates to Mechanistic-Empirical Design Inputs for Illinois Flexible Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-010.
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This study reviews the Illinois Department of Transportation’s full-depth asphalt, limiting strain criterion, and asphalt over rubblized concrete design procedures, considering technological advancements in hot-mix asphalt—namely, the increased use of recycled materials and modified asphalt binders. The researchers evaluated the current |E*| algorithm by conducting laboratory tests with four mix designs and seven asphalt binders of different Superpave performance grades. They compared predictive models, including the current Illinois modulus algorithm as well as the Witczak, Hirsch, and newly developed Illinois Center for Transportation (ICT) Bayesian neural network (BNN) models. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) nondestructive test for modulus and field modulus measurements was evaluated as well. Subsequent tasks involved reviewing current fatigue endurance limit (FEL) criteria from an adapted protocol for the four-point bending beam fatigue test. This study found that typical hot-mix asphalt modulus values in Illinois are underestimated compared to modern mixes, suggesting potential savings by allowing an increased modulus value to be used, reducing layer thickness design. Low-temperature performance grades significantly influenced modulus, and the developed ICT BNN predictive model outperformed traditional ones. While UPV was promising for modulus screening, challenges related to material properties assumptions were identified. The current stage of research on assessing modern mixes’ FEL reveals the complexity of observing FEL using simplified methods. To advance this objective, a concept of acceptable stiffness ratio (SR) is introduced. In these cases, exceptionally long fatigue life would be obtained for mixes that demonstrate an acceptable drop in SR within 10,000 cycles, with no apparent evolution of the damage state. The most conservative estimation of strain level that would result in acceptable SR aligned with IDOT’s current 70 microstrain FEL criteria. On the less conservative side, allowing a 10% drop in SR within 10,000 loading cycles could increase the acceptable SR < 1 strain level as high as approximately 180 microstrain, with caution needed regarding evolving mobility trends and environmental stressors including the changing climate.
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Dawalibi. L51925 Detection of Anomalies in Coated Pipelines Using Long Range Ultrasonics. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010644.
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Long-range guided wave pipeline inspection is claimed to be able to inspect ranges of well over 30 meters (100 Feet) in either direction (i.e. total inspection greater than 60 Meters or 200 Ft.) from a single position. In terms of inspected meters per measurement and cost per meter this technique can be a fundamental improvement from conventional methods for pipeline inspection. For inspection of hard-to-access locations it offers a good on-stream screening alternative by being able to image the pipe section from an easier-access location. Examples of inaccessible locations are road-, railway-, river-, dike- and other crossings. Excavating the pipeline for inspection at these locations is expensive and the potential cost savings of a technique like long-range pipeline inspection are attractive. The objective of this project was to combine theory, modeling and experimental/operational elements in order to be able to handle the more complex situations as found at buried sections of pipelines, more specifically bitumen coating. Laboratory and field experiments supported by modeling and developing an approach to inspect a coated pipe configuration are parts of this work in order to get both reliable and practical knowledge. Another important part was the evaluation of the different transducer and equipment concepts available and establish their merits. In the project the propagation and reflection of guided waves was modeled and simulated for relevant situations. Two suppliers, SwRI and PiL, were involved in laboratory trials and field trials both to confirm the modeling and obtain a clear view of the practical aspects in operation and the actual capabilities of their systems. Modeling resulted in a formula providing estimates for the reflectivity of defects. Using scaling rules these were compared to data obtained in the laboratory trials.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.
Full textAbstract:
Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.