Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lifetime costs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Lifetime costs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lifetime costs"

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Philpot, C. Ross. "Lifetime costs of tobacco smoking." Medical Journal of Australia 193, no. 11-12 (2010): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04116.x.

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KRUSE, MARIE, SUSAN ISHØY MICHELSEN, ESBEN MEULENGRACHT FLACHS, HENRIK BRØNNUM-HANSEN, METTE MADSEN, and PETER ULDALL. "Lifetime costs of cerebral palsy." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 51, no. 8 (2009): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03190.x.

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Forget, Evelyn, Leslie Roos, Raisa Deber, and Randy Walld. "Variations in Lifetime Healthcare Costs." Healthcare Policy | Politiques de Santé 4, no. 1 (2008): e148-e167. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2008.19990.

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van Enckevort, Petra J., Marc A. Koopmanschap, Elisabeth M. Tenvergert, et al. "Lifetime costs of lung transplantation: estimation of incremental costs." Health Economics 6, no. 5 (1997): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199709)6:5<479::aid-hec287>3.0.co;2-v.

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Rinne, Antti, and Aleksi Peltola. "On lifetime costs of flotation operations." Minerals Engineering 21, no. 12-14 (2008): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2008.04.018.

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Rasmussen, S. R. "The total lifetime costs of smoking." European Journal of Public Health 14, no. 1 (2004): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/14.1.95.

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Philpot, C. Ross. "The real costs of lifetime tobacco usage." Medical Journal of Australia 188, no. 9 (2008): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01783.x.

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Cao, Yue, Yuying Chen, and Michael DeVivo. "Lifetime Direct Costs After Spinal Cord Injury." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 16, no. 4 (2011): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci1604-10.

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Karnon, J., D. Zeuner, J. Brown, A. E. Ades, B. Wonke та B. Modell. "Lifetime treatment costs of β-thalassaemia major". Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 21, № 6 (1999): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2257.1999.00262.x.

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Ekman, Jan. "Delayed Dispersal: Youth Costs Carry Lifetime Gains." Current Biology 17, no. 11 (2007): R417—R418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lifetime costs"

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Reindahl, Rasmussen Susanne. "The lifetime costs of smoking and smoking cessation." København : DSI - Institut for Sundhedsvæsen, 2006. http://www.dsi.dk/Publikationer/DSI-rapporter/2006.01/Lifetime%20costs%20of%20smoking.pdf.

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Inocentes, Núria Tatiana Caeiro Lopes dos. "Lifetime fitness costs of combined effects of fluoxetine and increased unpredictability in temperature." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17100.

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Mestrado em Biologia Marinha<br>A temperatura é uma variável importante no controlo e modelação de todos os processos celulares, biológicos e fisiológicos de todos os organismos do Reino Animal. Por conseguinte, espera-se que alterações na temperatura ótima tenham um efeito significativo na reprodução, crescimento e desenvolvimento e, como tal, sobre o fitness do indivíduo. Há cada vez mais provas de que o stress causado por mudanças na temperatura impõe custos de carry-over, o que dificulta a capacidade dos organismos de lidar com outros stressores ambientais. É amplamente aceite que o ambiente está a mudar a um ritmo sem precedentes, com modelos de alterações globais antecipando um aumento na temperatura média. Mais preocupante, há fortes evidências de que a temperatura também se está a tornar imprevisível. A poluição antropogénica é um vetor de stress comum em sistemas aquáticos com um impacto direto sobre o fitness individual. A fluoxetina é um poluente vulgarmente encontrado em estações de tratamento de águas residuais. Inúmeros estudos reportaram custos de fitness relacionados com altas concentrações de fluoxetina. No entanto, e apesar da urgência do conhecimento da adaptação das espécies à mudança global, os efeitos combinados de múltiplos stressores ambientais permanecem pouco explorados. Além disso, até à data o conhecimento dos efeitos combinados de múltiplos stressores estão limitados a estudos de apenas uma geração, negligenciando os efeitos cruciais a longo prazo de fitness, falhando, portanto, em potencialmente detetar respostas adaptativas. Aqui, utilizando uma nova abordagem, os efeitos no fitness da exposição à fluoxetina ao longo de três gerações completas foram examinados, bem como os efeitos combinados do aumento da exposição e da imprevisibilidade da temperatura após a terceira geração. A pulga de água Daphnia magna foi exposta a três concentrações ambientalmente relevantes de fluoxetina: 0.000 μg/L (controlo), 0.012 μg/L (baixo) e 0.540 μg/L (alto). Na quarta geração, utilizando um design de factorização materna, cada linha maternal em fluoxetina foi exposta a três tratamentos de temperatura: uma média (20ºC), uma alta (25ºC) e uma imprevisível (15-25ºC). Como previsto, houve um custo adaptativo associado com a exposição crónica à fluoxetina, com menos neonatos produzidos durante a vida em baixa e alta concentração de fluoxetina do que nas produzidas na ausência (controlo). Inesperadamente, não houve um efeito na probabilidade de sobrevivência entre as três concentrações de fluoxetina. Após a introdução da temperatura, os indivíduos produzidos através da concentração alta e expostos à temperatura imprevisível tinham uma redução no número de neonatos produzidos, em comparação com as posicionadas numa temperatura média e elevada. Nomeadamente, houve uma redução do número total de neonatos de 65 % e 75%, respetivamente. Novamente, não houve efeitos combinados sobre a sobrevivência. Modelos de eficiência alimentar e de alocação de energia podem fornecer explicações plausíveis para a falha na deteção de um efeito da fluoxetina por si só e combinados com a temperatura na sobrevivência. Em espécies ectotérmicas, o aumento do stresse reduz a eficiência alimentar, e menos energia obtida através da alimentação é priorizada a manutenção do corpo e crescimento, e só então para a reprodução. Este estudo fornece informação importante sobre uma nova abordagem para testes ecotoxicológicos, e uma nova compreensão sobre como os efeitos combinados das alterações globais e da poluição em sistemas aquáticos podem afetar organismos não-alvo.<br>Temperature is a vital variable in controlling and shaping all cellular, biological and physiological processes of every organism of the animal kingdom. Consequently, changes in optimal temperature are expected to have a significant effect in reproduction, growth and development, hence on individual fitness. There is increasing evidence that stress caused by changes in temperature impose carry-over costs, which hinder the ability of organisms to deal with other environmental stressors. It is widely accepted that the environment is changing at an unprecedented pace, with global change models forecasting an increase in mean temperature. More worryingly, there is strong evidence that the temperature is also becoming unpredictable. Anthropogenic driven pollution is a vector of common stress in aquatic systems with a direct impact on individual fitness. Fluoxetine is a pollutant commonly found in wastewater treatment plants. Numerous studies have reported fitness costs related to high concentrations of fluoxetine. Yet, in spite of the recognized urgency of the understanding of species adaptation to global change, the combined effects of multiple environmental stressors remain little explored. Furthermore, to date our understanding of the combined effects of multiple stressors are limited to one-generation studies, neglecting crucial long-term effects of fitness, hence failing to potentially detect adaptive responses. Here, using a novel approach, the fitness effects of exposure to fluoxetine over three full generations were examined, as well as the combined effects with the exposure to increased unpredictability in temperature after the third generation. Namely, the water flea Dapnia magna was exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoxetine: 0.000 μg/L (control), 0.012 μg/L (low) and 0.540 μg/L (high). In the fourth generation, using a maternal factorial design, each maternal fluoxetine line was exposed to three temperature treatments: an average (20ºC), a high (25ºC) and an unpredictable (15-25ºC). As predicted, there was a fitness cost associated with chronic exposure to fluoxetine, with less neonates produced during lifetime in low and high concentration of fluoxetine than those produced in absence (control). Unexpectedly, there was no effect in the probability of survival between the three fluoxetine concentrations. After the introduction of temperature, individuals produced via high concentration and exposed to unpredictable temperature had a reduction in the number of neonates produced in comparison with those allocated to an average and high temperature. Namely, there was a reduction of total number of neonates of 65% and 75%, respectively. Again, there were no combined effects on survival. Feeding efficiency and energy allocation models may provide with plausible explanations for the failure in detecting an effect of fluoxetine alone and combined with temperature in survival. In ectotherm species, increased stress reduces feeding efficiency, and the less energy obtained through feeding is prioritized to body maintenance and growth, and only then to reproduction. This study provides important information regarding a novel approach for ecotoxicological tests, and new insights in how the combined effects of global change and pollution in aquatic systems can affect non-target organisms.
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Rahman, Anisur. "Modelling and analysis of reliability and costs for lifetime warranty and service contract policies." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16460/.

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Reliability of products is becoming increasingly important due to rapid technological development and tough competition in the product market. One effective way to ensure reliability of sold product/asset is to consider after sales services linked to warranty and service contract. One of the major decision variables in designing a warranty is the warranty period. A longer warranty term signals better reliability and provides higher customer/user peace of mind. The warranty period offered by the manufacturer/dealer has been progressively increasing since the beginning of the 20th Century. Currently, a large number of products are being sold with long term warranties in the form of extended warranty, warranty for used product, long term service contracts, and lifetime warranty. Lifetime warranties and service contracts are becoming more and more popular as these types of warranties provide assurance to consumer for a long reliable service and protecting consumers against poor quality and the potential high cost of failure occurring during the long uncertain life of product. The study of lifetime warranty and service contracts is important to both manufacturers and the consumers. Offering a lifetime warranty and long term service contracts incur costs to the manufacturers/service provider over the useful life of the product/contract period. This cost needs to be factored into the price/premium. Otherwise the manufacturer/ dealer will incur loss instead of profit. On the other hand, buyer/user needs to model the cost of maintaining it over the useful life and needs to decide whether these policies/service contracts are worth purchasing or not. The analysis of warranty policies and costs models associated with short-term or fixed term policies have received a lot of attention. A significant amount of academic research has been conducted in modelling policies and costs for extended warranties and warranty for used products. In contrast, lifetime warranty policies and longer term service contracts have not been studied as extensively. There are complexities in developing failure and cost models for these policies due to the uncertainties of useful life, usage pattern, maintenance actions and cost of rectifications over longer period. This thesis defines product's lifetime based on current practices. Since there is no acceptable definition of lifetime or the useful life of product in existing academic literatures, different manufacturer/dealers are using different conditions of life measures of period of coverage and it is often difficult to tell whose life measures are applicable to the period of coverage (The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, 1975). Lifetime or the useful life is defined in this thesis provides a transparency for the useful life of products to both manufacturers/service provider and the customers. Followed by the formulation of an acceptable definition of lifetime, a taxonomy of lifetime warranty policies is developed which includes eight different one dimensional and two dimensional lifetime warranty policies and are grouped into three major categories, A. Free rectification lifetime warranty policies (FRLTW), B. Cost Sharing Lifetime Warranty policies (CSLTW), and C. Trade in policies (TLTW). Mathematical models for predicting failures and expected costs for different one dimensional lifetime warranty policies are developed at system level and analysed by capturing the uncertainties of lifetime coverage period and the uncertainties of rectification costs over the lifetime. Failures and costs are modelled using stochastic techniques. These are illustrated by numerical examples for estimating costs to manufacturer and buyers. Various rectification policies were proposed and analysed over the lifetime. Manufacturer's and buyer's risk attitude towards a lifetime warranty price are modelled based on the assumption of time dependent failure intensity, constant repair costs and concave utility function through the use of the manufacturer's utility function for profit and the buyer's utility function for cost. Sensitivity of the optimal warranty prices are analysed with numerical examples with respect to the factors such as the buyer's and the manufacturer/dealer's risk preferences, buyer's anticipated and manufacturer's estimated product failure intensity, the buyer's loyalty to the original manufacturer/dealer in repairing failed product and the buyer's repair costs for unwarranted products. Three new service contract policies and cost models for those policies are developed considering both corrective maintenance and planned preventive maintenance as the servicing strategies during the contract period. Finally, a case study is presented for estimating the costs of outsourcing maintenance of rails through service contracts. Rail failure/break data were collected from the Swedish rail and analysed for predicting failures. Models developed in this research can be used for managerial decisions in purchasing life time warranty policies and long term service contracts or outsourcing maintenance. This thesis concludes with a brief summary of the contributions that it makes to this field and suggestions and recommendations for future research for lifetime warranties and service contracts.
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Petersen, Hans-Georg. "Mobilisierung alternativer Finanzressourcen : Erfahrungen mit der Einführung von Studiengebühren." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2737/.

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Der vorgestellte Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die gegenwärtige Hochschulfinanzierung in Deutschland; kürzlich haben einige Bundesländer Studiengebühren eingeführt, die zu einer teilweisen Finanzierung der Studienkosten beitragen sollen. Im II. Kapitel werden außerdem kurz die finanziellen Strukturen der tertiären Ausbildung in den OECD-Ländern beschrieben. Dabei geht es vor allem um die Kostenaufteilung zwischen öffentlichem und privatem Sektor. Im III. Kapitel werden dann die Verteilungswirkungen des gegenwärtigen Finanzierungssystems kritisch hinterfragt. Dabei wird auch auf den Lebenseinkommensvorteil einer Hochschulausbildung im Detail eingegangen, bevor dann mögliche Auswirkungen einer Gebührenfinanzierung diskutiert werden. Es wird deutlich hervor gehoben, dass die Einführung von Studiengebühren in eine umfassende hochschul- und bildungspolitische Strategie eingebettet sein muss, damit eine negative Selektionswirkung auf die Jugendlichen aus Haushalten mit prekären Einkommen vermieden wird.<br>The paper sheds some light on the financial structures of higher education in Germany. Recently in several member states of Germany tuition fees have been introduced. Chapter II describes the current situation in Germany, the financial structures in the OECD countries and sheds some light on the higher education costs as well as parts to be borne by the public and private sector. Chapter III discussed the distributional impacts of the current German system and adds some information on the education returns in Germany in the post war period. The analysis over the whole lifecycle renders results which proof that the higher education advantages are quite remarkable and might be a justification for more intensified financing by tuition fees. But all this has to be embedded into an encompassing strategy of tax and social policy, especially to prevent a strengthened process of social selection, which would be counterproductive for an increased and highly qualified human capital in Germany.
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Heidrich, Stefanie. "Essays on intergenerational income mobility, geographical mobility, and education." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120718.

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This thesis consists of an introductory part and the following four self-contained papers: In Paper [I] we analyze the implications of social identity and self-categorization for optimal redistributive income taxation. A two-type model is supplemented by an assumption that individuals select themselves into social categories, in which norms are formed and education effort choices partly depend on these norms. The results show, among other things, that externality correction by a welfarist government leads to an element of tax progression that serves to reduce the discrepancy between the effort norm and the actual effort chosen by low-productivity individuals in the high-effort group. Furthermore, if the preference for social identity is sufficiently strong, increased wage-inequality leads to higher social welfare through a relaxation of the selection constraint. It may thus be desirable to use publicly provided education to induce more wage-inequality, even if higher wage-inequality increases the intrinsic utility of a potential mimicker. In Paper [II] I employ high quality register data to present new facts about income mobility in Sweden. The focus of the paper is regional differences in mobility, using a novel approach based on a multilevel model. This method is well-suited when regions differ greatly in population size as is the case in Sweden. The maximum likelihood estimates are substantially more precise than those obtained by running separate OLS regressions. I find small regional differences in income mobility when measured in relative terms. Regional differences are large when adopting an absolute measure and focusing on children with below-median parent income. On the national level I find that the association between parent and child income ranks has decreased over time, implying increased mobility. In Paper [III] I study the long term effects of inter-municipal moving during childhood on income using Swedish register data. Due to the richness of the data I am able to control for important sources of selection into moving, such as parent separation, parents' unemployment, education, long run income, and immigration background. I find that children's long run incomes are significantly negatively affected by moving during childhood, and the effect is larger for those who move more often. For children who move once, I also estimate the effect of the timing and the quality of the move. I measure the quality of each neighborhood based on the adult outcomes for individuals who never move. The quality of a move is defined as the difference in quality between the origin and the destination. Given that a family moves, I find that the negative effect of childhood moving on adult income is increasing in age at move. Children benefit economically from the quality of the region they move to only if they move before age 12 (sons) and age 16 (daughters). In Paper [IV] I study the bias of IGE estimates for different missing-data scenarios based on simulated income processes. Using an income process from the income dynamics and risks literature to generate two linked generations’ complete income histories, I use Monte Carlo methods to study the relationship between available data patterns and the bias of the IGE. I find that the traditional approach using the average of the typically available log income observations leads to IGE estimates that are around 40 percent too small. Moreover, I show that the attenuation bias is not reduced by averaging over many father income observations. Using just one income observation for each generation at the optimal age (as discussed in the paper) or using weighted instead of unweighted averages can reduce the bias. In addition, the rank-rank slope is found to be clearly less sensitive to missing data.
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Foitlová, Lucie. "Hodnocení stavebního projektu z hlediska celoživotních nákladů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371824.

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The theoretical part deals at the beginning with evaluation of effectiveness of the project, as well as with the information about individual stages of the life cycle of the building, wear and tear of the buildings, lifetime of the elements and whole life costs of the building that are of particular interest to the investor. In conclusion, there are mentioned wastes and emissions. The thesis is completed by a case study of the family house where the whole life costs of the building life cycle are solved.
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Hasan, MD Nazmul. "Distributed power electronics for extended efficiency and lifetime of utility-scale photovoltaic systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667562.

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Aquesta tesi es centra en la mitigació dels desequilibris deguts a l'envelliment dels sistemes fotovoltaics. La degradació de la corrent de curtcircuit s'ha considerat com el principal factor que afecta la producció d'energia de sistemes fotovoltaics a causa de l'envelliment. Encara que, en el passat, s'ha detectat la dispersió en corrent de curtcircuit actual i màxima, es va subestimar la pèrdua d'energia deguda a la dispersió. A més, la dispersió dels paràmetres de voltatge-corrent a nivell de mòdul s'ha considerat per a la mitigació dels desequilibris a nivell de submòdul, mentre que la potència recuperable a nivell de submòdul pot ser superior a la que s'ha estimat. Per tal de verificar el compliment de les dades del nivell del submòdul a les dades del nivell del mòdul, en aquesta investigació, s'han realitzat mesures a nivell de submòdul. Es mostra que l'estimació de pèrdua d'energia a causa de l'envelliment basat en dades de dispersió a nivell de mòdul, s'ha infravalorat i considerant que la millora de l'energia en temps de vida a nivell de submòdul és possible fins a un 4-6%. Per tal de mitigar el desequilibri per envelliment en el sistema fotovoltaic, es proposa un convertidor de guany d'unitat, bidireccional i aïllat de baixa potència. Es presenta el procediment de disseny i realització experimental del convertidor i del seu esquema de control. El transformador d'alta freqüència proporciona l'aïllament galvànic entre primària i secundària. A més, els inductors ressonants s'han integrat en el transformador, cosa que redueix la mida i el cost del convertidor. Els resultats experimentals mostren que les eficiències de transferència de potència superen el 90% per a càrregues entre 1 W i 8 W. Es verifica el rendiment del convertidor per a la mitigació de desajustos. Al laboratori, tres prototips s'han provat en un mòdul fotovoltaic seguint l'enfocament d'arquitectura DPP PV-IP. S'observa que aquests tres convertidors mitiguen les dispersions dels submoduls i proporcionen la màxima potència possible. També es discuteix l'impacte de la mitigació dels desequilibris per envelliment en el cost d'energia (LCOE).<br>Esta tesis se centra en la mitigación del desajuste debido al envejecimiento en los sistemas fotovoltaicos. La degradación de la corriente de cortocircuito se ha considerado el principal factor que afecta la producción de energía de los sistemas fotovoltaicos debido al envejecimiento. Aunque en el pasado se ha informado la dispersión en la corriente de cortocircuito y la corriente de potencia máxima, se ha subestimado la pérdida de energía debida a la dispersión. Además, se ha considerado la dispersión de los parámetros de voltaje-corriente a nivel de módulo para la mitigación de desajustes a nivel de submódulo, mientras que la potencia recuperable a nivel de submódulo puede ser mayor que la estimada. Para verificar la conformidad de los datos de nivel de submódulo a los datos de nivel de módulo, en esta investigación, las mediciones se han realizado a nivel de submódulo. Se muestra que la estimación de la pérdida de energía debido al envejecimiento basado en el nivel de módulo, los datos de dispersión han sido subestimados y, considerando los datos de desajuste de nivel de submódulos, la mejora de la vida útil de la energía puede ser de hasta 4-6%. Con el fin de mitigar los desequilibrios por envejecimiento en el sistema fotovoltaico, se propone un convertidor de ganancia unitaria,de baja potencia, aislado y bidireccional dc-dc. Se presenta el procedimiento de diseño y realización experimental del convertidor y su esquema de control. El transformador de alta frecuencia proporciona el aislamiento galvánico entre primario y secundario. Además, se han integrado inductores resonantes en el transformador, lo que reduce el tamaño y el coste del convertidor. Los resultados experimentales muestran una eficiencia de transferencia de potencia superior al 90% para cargas entre 1 W y 8 W. Se verifica el rendimiento del convertidor para la mitigación de desajustes. En el laboratorio, se han comprobado tres prototipos conectados con un módulo fotovoltaico siguiendo el enfoque de la arquitectura DPP PV-IP. Se observa que estos tres convertidores mitigan totalmente los desajustes entre los tres submódulos y proporcionan la máxima potencia posible. También se discute el impacto de la mitigación del desajuste por envejecimiento en el coste de la energia.<br>This thesis focused on mitigation of mismatch due to ageing in PV systems. Degradation of short circuit current has been considered the principle factor that affects the energy production of PV systems due to ageing. Although, dispersion in short circuit current and maximum power current has been reported in the past, the energy loss due to dispersion has been underestimated. Moreover, dispersion of voltage-current parameters at module level have been considered for mismatch mitigation at submodule level whereas the recoverable power at submodule level may higher than that has been estimated. In order verify the accordance of submodule level data to module level data, in this research, measurements have been done at submodule level. It is shown that estimation of energy loss due to ageing based on module level dispersion data has been underrated and considering submodule level mismatch data life time energy improvement an be possible up to 4-6 %. In order to mitigate the ageing mismatch in PV system, a dc-dc bidirectional isolated low power unity gain converter is proposed. Design procedure and experimental realization of the converter is presented. A control scheme that allows bidirectional power flow is also presented. High frequency ferrite ore transformer provides the galvanic isolation between primary and secondary. In addition, resonant inductors have been integrated in the transformer, which reduces the size and cost of the converter. Experimental results show power transfer efficiencies more than 90 % for loads between 1 W to 8 W. The performance of the converter for mismatch mitigation is verified. In the laboratory, three prototype converters are attached with a PV module following the DPP PV-IP architecture approach. It is observed that these three converters an fully mitigate mismatch among three submodules and provide maximum possible power. The impact of mitigation of ageing mismatch on levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is also discussed.
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Smith, Lori A. "The Effect of Inbreeding on Lifetime Performance of Dairy Cattle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36526.

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Data for this study were age-adjusted linear scores on all cows scored between 1980 and 1993. Lifetime production information on these cows and their herdmates was used to calculate Relative Net Income adjusted for opportunity cost (RNIOC) for the 2,249,835 cows with an 84 month herdlife opportunity. The effect of inbreeding was analyzed using both a fixed and animal model, with little difference in results. Inbreeding depressed RNIOC by $12.69 in a fluid market and $11.53 in a manufacturing market per 1% increase in inbreeding. Addition of somatic cell information in the profit function had little effect. Heritabilities of profit functions were .16 and .14 for a fluid and manufacturing market, respectively. Animal model estimates of inbreeding depression were +.16 days, -6.7 days and -5.1 days for age at first freshening (AFF), days of productive life (DPL) and days in milk (TDIM), respectively. Inbreeding decreased first lactation mature equivalent milk, fat, and protein by 23.7 kg, .85 kg, and .76 kg, respectively and lifetime milk, fat, and protein production by 176.9 kg, 6.4 kg, 5.6 kg, respectively per 1% increase in inbreeding. Inbreeding had little effect on conformation traits. Effects of inbreeding were cumulative, exacting a larger effect on lifetime profit functions than on individual traits, when expressed as a percent of additive standard deviation. This study gives evidence that though not alarming, inbreeding has a deleterious effect on the lifetime performance of dairy cattle.<br>Master of Science
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Lu, Min. "A Study of the Calibration Regression Model with Censored Lifetime Medical Cost." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/14.

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Medical cost has received increasing interest recently in Biostatistics and public health. Statistical analysis and inference of life time medical cost have been challenging by the fact that the survival times are censored on some study subjects and their subsequent cost are unknown. Huang (2002) proposed the calibration regression model which is a semiparametric regression tool to study the medical cost associated with covariates. In this thesis, an inference procedure is investigated using empirical likelihood ratio method. The unadjusted and adjusted empirical likelihood confidence regions are constructed for the regression parameters. We compare the proposed empirical likelihood methods with normal approximation based method. Simulation results show that the proposed empirical likelihood ratio method outperforms the normal approximation based method in terms of coverage probability. In particular, the adjusted empirical likelihood is the best one which overcomes the under coverage problem.
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Arens, Kevin C. "Remediation Methods for Subgrade Settlements of Existing Roadways: Lifetime Cost-Benefit Analysis." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1575537943683836.

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Books on the topic "Lifetime costs"

1

Cutler, David M. The lifetime costs and benefits of medical technology. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Gale, William A. College choices: Maximize your lifetime income. Bootstrap Toolkit, 1987.

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Examining the lifetime costs of supporting the newest generation of veterans: Hearing before the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, July 27, 2011. U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Good beginnings last a lifetime: How the federal government can promote affordable, quality child care : hearings before the Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring, and the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, field hearing held at St. Louis, Missouri, January 28, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Connecticut. Office of Policy & Management. Total lifetime health insurance limits and the Birth to Three Program: Submitted to the Education Committee of the Connecticut General Assembly. The Office, 1994.

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Good beginnings last a lifetime: How the federal government can promote affordable, quality child care : hearings before the Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring, and the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, field hearing held at St. Louis, Missouri, January 28, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Commemorating the LITE, or Lifetime Innovations of Thomas Edison: Report (to accompany H.R. 1096) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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McElligott, Alan G. Fighting, vocal activity, annual mating success and lifetime mating success of Fallow bucks (Dama dama L.): Short-term investment and long-term cost. University College Dublin, 1997.

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Lifetime Consequences for Sex Offenders Act of 2002: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 4679) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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A, Cohen Marc, and Public Policy Institute (AARP (Organization)), eds. Becoming disabled after age 65: The expected lifetime costs of independent living. AARP, Public Policy Institute, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lifetime costs"

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González Díaz, Vicente, Juan Francisco Gómez Fernández, and Adolfo Crespo Márquez. "Case study: Warranty costs estimation according to a defined lifetime distribution of deliverables." In Engineering Asset Lifecycle Management. Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-320-6_17.

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Jasiūnienė, Elena, Markus G. R. Sause, Vykintas Samaitis, Dimitrios G. Aggelis, Maria Pina Limongelli, and Steve Vanlanduit. "Conclusions." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_10.

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AbstractThe state of the art of structural health monitoring damage detection systems reviewed in this book shows that it is a promising area of technologies. SHM damage detection systems in civil aviation are still mostly limited to lab applications because there are still issues, which need to be solved for such systems to be integrated in an aircraft structure. Therefore, further research is needed to solve the current drawbacks/limitations of the existing SHM approaches such that this technology can be used in aircrafts.Despite the current limitations, SHM application for damage detection in aircrafts would make the flying safer and the structure lifetime longer and reduce the maintenance time and costs considering that the maintenance could be performed not at the predetermined intervals, but upon the need based on the condition that would be determined by the SHM systems used. We conclude some of the important differences and the common challenges to the methods reviewed in this book and provide an outlook on the next steps to a successful implementation.
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Roberts, Pasha. "Employee Lifetime Value and Cost Modeling." In People Analytics in the Era of Big Data. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119083856.ch10.

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Rahman, Anisur, and Gopinath Chattopadhyay. "Lifetime Warranty: Policies and Cost Models." In Long Term Warranty and After Sales Service. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16271-3_2.

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Hossain, M. Julius, and Oksam Chae. "Optimizing Lifetime and Routing Cost in Wireless Networks." In Distributed Computing – IWDC 2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11603771_10.

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Mischko, Jens, Stefan Einbock, and Rainer Wagener. "How to Predict the Product Reliability Confidently and Fast with a Minimum Number of Samples in the Wöhler Test." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_11.

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AbstractTo accurately estimate and predict the (product) lifetime, a large sample size is mandatory, especially for new and unknown materials. The realization of such a sample size is rarely feasible for reasons of cost and capacity. The prior knowledge must be systematically and consistently used to be able to predict the lifetime accurately. By using the example of Wöhler test, it will be shown that the lifetime prediction with a minimum number of specimen and test time can be successful, when taking the prior knowledge into account.
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Nurul, Huda Md, M. Julius Hossain, Shigeki Yamada, Eiji Kamioka, and Ok-Sam Chae. "Cost-Effective Lifetime Prediction Based Routing Protocol for MANET." In Information Networking. Convergence in Broadband and Mobile Networking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30582-8_18.

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Deng, Guofeng, and Sandeep K. S. Gupta. "On Maximizing Network Lifetime of Broadcast in WANETs Under an Overhearing Cost Model." In Distributed Computing and Networking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11947950_24.

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Golanbari, Mohammad Saber, Mojtaba Ebrahimi, Saman Kiamehr, and Mehdi B. Tahoori. "Selective Flip-Flop Optimization for Circuit Reliability." In Dependable Embedded Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_14.

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AbstractThis chapter proposes a selective flip-flop optimization method (Golanbari et al., IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr VLSI Syst 39(7):1484–1497, 2020; Golanbari et al., Aging guardband reduction through selective flip-flop optimization. In: IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS) (2015)), in which the timing and reliability of the VLSI circuits are improved by optimizing the timing-critical components under severe impact of runtime variations. As flip-flops are vulnerable to aging and supply voltage fluctuation, it is necessary to address these reliability issues in order to improve the overall system lifetime. In the proposed method, we first extend the standard cell libraries by adding optimized versions of the flip-flops designed for better resiliency against severe Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) impact and/or supply voltage fluctuation. Then, we optimize the VLSI circuit by replacing the aging-critical and voltage-drop critical flip-flops of the circuit with optimized versions to improve the timing and reliability of the entire circuit in a cost-effective way. Simulation results show that incorporating the optimized flip-flops in a processor can prolong the circuit lifetime by 36.9%, which translates into better reliability.This chapter is organized as follows. Section 1 introduces wide-voltage operation reliability issues and motivates the proposed selective flip-flop optimization approach. The impacts of runtime variations on flip-flops are explained in Sect. 2. Consequently, Sect. 3 presents cell-level optimization of the flip-flops. The proposed selective flip-flop optimization methodology is described in Sect. 4, and optimization results are discussed in Sect. 5. Finally, Sect. 7 concludes the chapter.
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Müller, Sebastian, Helge Pries, Klaus Dilger, Sörn Ocylok, Andreas Weisheit, and Ingomar Kelbassa. "Applying Functionally Graded Materials by Laser Cladding: a cost-effective way to improve the Lifetime of Die-Casting Dies." In Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19692-8_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lifetime costs"

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Newton, J. C. "Planned lifetime management increasing availability and reducing costs." In International Conference on Life Management of Power Plants. IEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19941089.

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Skrede, R. O. "Ekofisk II - Planning for Low Operating Costs Through Lifetime." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8655-ms.

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Wang, Yaqian, and Yufeng Sun. "Costs model for two-dimensional lifetime warranty policies based on combined repairs." In The 2nd International Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technologies. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315210469-82.

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Nunes, Bruno, Frederico Barboza, and Flavio Morais de Assis Silva. "A Localized Algorithm for the Maximum Lifetime Broadcast Problem with Asymmetric Edge Costs." In 2012 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nca.2012.43.

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Waghmode, Laxman Y., Ravindra S. Birajdar, and Shridhar G. Joshi. "A Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach for Selection of a Typical Heavy Usage Multistage Centrifugal Pump." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95213.

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It is well known that the pumps are the largest consumers of industrial motor energy and account for more than 25% of electricity consumption. The life cycle cost of a pump is the total lifetime cost associated with procurement, installation, operation, maintenance and its disposal. For majority of heavy usage pumps, the lifetime energy and/or maintenance cost will dominate the life cycle costs. Hence a greater understanding of all the cost components making up the total life cycle costs should provide an opportunity to achieve a substantial savings in energy and maintenance costs. This will further enable optimizing pumping system efficiency and improving pump and system reliability. Therefore in this context, the life cycle cost analysis of heavy usage pumps is quite important. This paper focuses on an application of a methodology of determining the life cycle cost of a typical heavy usage multistage centrifugal pump. In this case, all the cost components associated with the pump-set have been determined and classified under different categories. The data with regard to initial investment costs, operation costs, maintenance and repair costs and disposal costs for the pump considered for this case study was collected from the concerned pump manufacturer along with the unit cost of each component, quantity used and their weights. By applying the principles of reliability and maintainability engineering and using the data obtained from the design, manufacturing and maintenance departments, the component-wise values of MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) and MTTR (Mean Time To Repair) were estimated. The results of the life cycle cost analysis of the specimen pump were compared with the life cycle costs of similar pumps reported in the literature. From this comparison of results, it can be concluded that, the initial cost of the pump is the only a fraction of the total life cycle cost. The operating cost of the pump dominates the life cycle costs especially in case of heavy usage pumps. The maintenance cost varies approximately from 0.6 to 2.5 times the initial cost of the pump. The life cycle cost of the pump varies approximately from 12 to 33 times the initial cost of the pump. The operation and maintenance cost is almost 92 to 97 per cent of the life cycle cost. The detailed analysis carried out in this paper is expected to provide guidelines to the pump manufactures/practicing engineers in selecting a heavy usage multistage centrifugal pump based on the total lifetime cost rather than only on initial price.
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Buelow, Roger, Keith Kazenki, and Greg Flies. "Light Emitting Diode Technology: Lowering Build and Maintenance Costs." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-p36.

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Due to the recent push for energy efficient technology, LEDs have developed to be able to meet and surpass fluorescent lamps in terms of efficiency and lifetime. Additional focus on LEDs has allowed the initial investment price to decrease allowing LEDs to become a feasible option. Installing LEDs during the construction of ships allows for a greater TOC savings from increased energy efficacy, lower maintenance costs and a simpler electrical design schematic. There are three options available to incorporate LEDs on a ship: LED lamps, LED fixtures or a combination of the two.
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Bolwell, Richard. "Through Life Management of Naval Gas Turbines for Extended Service Lives and Reduced Lifetime Costs." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30269.

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Marine gas turbines have been used for many decades in a diverse range of commercial and naval marine vessels, almost exclusively for main propulsion duties in a number of different configurations. As well as providing an outline of the scope of operation, this paper aims to discuss the key Life Extension Program’s and Cost Reduction Strategies developed by the UK Ministry of Defence in support of the two international collaborative Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) for the marine Olympus, Tyne and Spey gas turbines. Where available, discussion is supported with evidence from emerging equipment maintenance policies, equipment modifications and data collected from components and engines returned from the fleet for repair or overhaul. In addition, and in terms of the economy of scale advantages that the arrangements offer, an assessment of accumulated savings and projected financial return is provided with an insight into the operational benefits and improved capability that the program’s realise.
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Kunze, Jay F., James M. Mahar, Kellen M. Giraud, and C. Wes Myers. "Underground Nuclear Energy Complexes: Technical and Economic Advantages." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39458.

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Underground nuclear power plant parks have been projected to be economically feasible compared to above ground installations. This paper includes a thorough cost analysis of the savings, compared to above ground facilities, resulting from in-place entombment (decommissioning) of facilities at the end of their life, reduced costs of security for the lifetime of the various facilities in the underground park, reduced transportation costs, and reduced costs in the operation of the waste storage complex (also underground), compared to the fair share of the costs of operating a national waste repository.
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Tortolano, Marcel, and Jacques Guillet. "Robotics in the Nuclear Environment: Inspection and Repairs Inside the Primary Coolant System." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2983.

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EDF is the French national power generating utility. It has built and operates 58 pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants on 19 sites. Of these, thirty-four are 900 megawatt units (the first of which, the Fessenheim NPP, came on line in 1977), twenty are 1300 MW units, and four are 1450 MW units, the latest of which, at the Civaux plant, came on line in 1998. The average age of these nuclear power plants is thus 20 years. They produce close to 85% of the power EDF generates in France. Renewal of the nuclear plants is under study, as are other means of power generation. For the moment, EDF is requesting approval to run its nuclear plants for up to 40 years. Moreover, it has started a major project on the lifetime of PWR reactors, the main objective of which is to extend the authorized lifetime to 60 years. Major requirements for maintaining the current performance of the French nuclear generating facility and reducing the cost per kWh generated include optimization of expenses and reduction of fuel costs. These factors enabled the cost per kWh to be reduced by 13% in 2001. One way to reduce costs involves optimization of maintenance programs and methods. However, increasing the operating lifetime of plants, and the concomitant ageing of equipment and materials, is likely to result in increasing maintenance requirements. For this reason it is important to establish new, more cost-effective maintenance methods in order to keep costs down. Some of these methods make use of robotics. They make it possible for work to be carried out from the inside of circuits, for inspections and even for repair if defects are detected. The results presented here are those of work carried out by the EDF R&amp;D division on behalf of the Nuclear Power Plant Operations (NPPO) division.
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Schro¨der, N., G. Drensky, and S. Florjancic. "Alstom Post-Development of GT24 and GT26 Hot Gas Turbine Parts Reconditioning." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59233.

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Reconditioning of hot gas turbine parts is driven mainly by lifetime and performance requirements. Commonly, the first approach in reconditioning is to achieve an exact reproduction of a new manufactured part, by following new part specifications. However, this may prove to be too costly and unnecessary. The unique OEM experience, allows ALSTOM to widen these specifications in order to optimize repair costs, improve throughput time and possibly reduce parts scrap rate without sacrificing lifetime and performance. This post-development is based on MI calculations re-calibrated and reinsured by extensive empirical field feedback and performance statistics over the whole GT fleet with millions of operating hours. This paper presents an overview of the required area of the OEM’s expertise and field data within post development, substantiated by examples from daily operations. The work is performed in order to ensure safe remaining part lifetime along with full functionality and known performance impact. Parameters influencing the remaining part lifetime are micro-structural degradation, crack allowances, coating properties and minimum wall thicknesses, while, parameters influencing performance are airflow specifications, radial clearances, sealing design and surface roughness. Furthermore, different manufacturing techniques and new technologies get investigated and then implemented whenever there is an opportunity to optimize process cost effectiveness and reach higher quality standards. This is done in order to ensure that the company retains its competitive edge over other reconditioning companies. As the complexity of components varies, the unique knowledge of each component allows ALSTOM to develop the most favorable reconditioning processes. This enables state-of-the-art reconditioning and repair methods to be utilized. Thus ensuring optimum throughput time, while minimizing scrap rates and maintaining performance and lifetime requirements. This unique experience and knowledge from the reconditioning processes is transferred as a benefit to the customer and also utilized in future designs, resulting in improved new part designs and optimized life cycle costs.
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Reports on the topic "Lifetime costs"

1

De Nardi, Mariacristina, Svetlana Pashchenko, and Ponpoje Porapakkarm. The Lifetime Costs of Bad Health. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23963.

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Cutler, David. The Lifetime Costs and Benefits of Medical Technology. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13478.

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Nubbe, Valerie, Kyung Lee, Alejandro Valdez, Ed Barbour, and Jared Langevin. Grid-Interactive Efficient Building Technology Cost, Performance, and Lifetime Characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1756400.

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Teather, Eric. Recovery Act: Low-Cost, Highly Lambertian Reflector Composite For Improved LED Fixture Efficiency and Lifetime. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097097.

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