Academic literature on the topic 'Light at night'

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Journal articles on the topic "Light at night"

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Varcoe, Rae. "Night Light." Annals of Internal Medicine 175, no. 4 (April 2022): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m21-4147.

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Kipp, L. R. "Night Light." Science News 142, no. 13 (September 26, 1992): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976695.

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Taylor, Elaine. "Night Light." Self & Society 39, no. 1 (September 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03060497.2011.11084189.

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Partridge, Dixie. "Night Light." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 36, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45227022.

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Harder, Ben. "Light All Night." Science News 169, no. 11 (March 18, 2006): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3982349.

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Li, Le-Lin, Peng Liang, San Jiang, and Ze-Qiang Chen. "Multi-Scale Dynamic Analysis of the Russian–Ukrainian Conflict from the Perspective of Night-Time Lights." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 12998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412998.

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Under the influence of various forces, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is violent and changeable. The obtaining of battlefield data by conventional means is difficult but necessary in order to ensure security, reliability, and comprehensiveness. The use of remote sensing technology can make up for the deficiencies of conventional methods. By using night-time light data, the total number of night-time lights in the built-up areas of Ukrainian cities within 36 days of the outbreak of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict is compiled in this paper. Furthermore, the dynamic changes in night-time light at the national, regional, and urban scales are analyzed by using the night-time light ratio index and the dynamic degree model combined with the time-series night-time light data. The results show that (1) after the outbreak of the war, more than 60% of the night-time lights in Ukrainian cities were lost. In terms of the night-time light recovery speed, the night-time lights in the pro-Russian areas recovered significantly faster, followed by Russian-controlled areas, and the recovery speed in areas of conflict was the lowest. (2) Decision-making by belligerents affects non-combatant activities and thus corresponds to light at night. The loss of night-time light will be reduced if military operations are reduced and mitigated if humanitarian operations are increased. (3) The changes in night-time light reflect the changes in the conflict situation well. When the conflict between Russia and Ukraine intensifies, the overall change of night-time light shows a downward trend. In this context, night-time light data can be used as an effective source to deduce and predict battlefield situations.
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Welford, Maire. "Light-headed night staff." Nursing Standard 6, no. 46 (August 5, 1992): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.46.44.s56.

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Grimaldi, Daniela, Kathryn Reid, Ivy Mason, Chloe Warlick, Roneil Malkani, Sabra Abbott, and Phyllis Zee. "012 Overnight light exposure acutely increases heart rate during sleep and decreases insulin sensitivity the following day." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.011.

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Abstract Introduction Prior reports indicate that exposure to light at night negatively impacts sleep quality, autonomic and metabolic function, but the interaction between these physiologically interconnected systems is not fully elucidated. We examined the acute effects of nighttime light exposure on sleep macro and microarchitecture, heart rate (HR) and response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the relationship between these measures. Methods Twenty healthy adults (18 - 40 years) were randomized into Light or Dark groups and run in parallel for a three-day and two-night laboratory stay. The Light group (n=10) slept in the dark (< 3 lux) on Night 1 and slept with overhead room lights on (100 lux) on Night 2, while the Dark group (n=10) slept in the dark (< 3 lux) on both Nights 1 and 2. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was used to assess sleep macro and microstructure (slow wave activity: SWA: 0.5–4 Hz, and slow oscillatory (SO) activity: 0.5–1 Hz), and beat-to-beat measurement of HR. A two-hour OGTT was completed each morning. The between groups change in PSG-derived measures and metabolic parameters from Night/Day 2 to Night/Day 1, was calculated. Results While a greater percentage of time was spent in stage 2 (p= 0.003) and a smaller percentage of time was spent in stage 3 (p= 0.04), there were no between group differences in SWA and SO activity. Time series analysis of HR changes across the night from Night 1 to Night 2 showed higher HR in the Light vs the Dark group (p< 0.001). The change from Day 1 to Day 2 of the initial insulin response (60-min. area under the curve, AUC) showed a higher insulin response in the Light vs the Dark group (p= 0.029). The change in HR was positively correlated with the change in the 60-min. AUC of insulin (R= 0.46, p= 0.049). Conclusion A single overnight light exposure acutely increases heart rate during sleep and decreases insulin sensitivity the following day and these responses appear to be associated, suggesting that elevated autonomic activity in response to light at night impacts next day metabolic responses. Support (if any) Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, UL1TR001422
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Kardel, W. Scott. "RETHINKING HOW WE LIGHT AT NIGHT: CUTTING LIGHT POLLUTION FOR MORE SUSTAINABLE NIGHTS." Journal of Green Building 7, no. 3 (July 2012): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.7.3.3.

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Walker, William H., Jacob R. Bumgarner, James C. Walton, Jennifer A. Liu, O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández, Randy J. Nelson, and A. Courtney DeVries. "Light Pollution and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249360.

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For many individuals in industrialized nations, the widespread adoption of electric lighting has dramatically affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is associated with several disorders, including increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and mood disorders. Within this review, we present a brief overview of the molecular circadian clock system and the importance of maintaining fidelity to bright days and dark nights. We describe the interrelation between core clock genes and the cell cycle, as well as the contribution of clock genes to oncogenesis. Next, we review the clinical implications of disrupted circadian rhythms on cancer, followed by a section on the foundational science literature on the effects of light at night and cancer. Finally, we provide some strategies for mitigation of disrupted circadian rhythms to improve health.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Light at night"

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Larsson, Malin. "Night, light and flight : Light attraction in Trichoptera." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139865.

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Artificial light is an important and necessary part of our urban environment, but has become a threat to biodiversity. It can have substantial direct and indirect effects on populations of all kinds of organisms. While light attraction in bats and moths has been well studied other organisms such as Trichoptera have been largely neglected, despite Trichoptera being one of the most abundant insect orders in freshwater systems. The light attraction of Trichoptera was studied through seasonal data from three different locations in Sweden. The data was examined through meta- and regression analyses to compare catches in light traps and passive traps. The use of relative abundances excluded bias from the species with large populations, and the difference in individuals caught between passive traps and light traps. The results indicated that artificial light could affect Trichoptera populations. Unlike moths, female Trichoptera were more attracted to light than males and attraction to light varied between species. In both cases, size dimorphism could explain the variation. Day-, evening- and night-active species were all attracted to light, but the latter more so. Research has shown that a false flight activity can occur in day-active Trichoptera when a lamp is lit during night, which could explain the capture of day- and evening-active species in a light trap. In all, artificial light could alter Trichoptera populations, changing sex ratios and species composition. This impact should be considered when erecting light sources near waterways.
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Wintner, Birgit. ""Night, night, sleep tight" : Effects of exercise and light on sleep physiology." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15510.

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So, Chu-wing. "Observational studies of the night sky in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43758150.

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Bedrosian, Tracy A. "Circadian Disruption by Light at Night: Implications for Mood." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1363097253.

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Shotbolt, Timothy. "Unwanted lighting effects at night in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94241/1/Timothy_Shotbolt_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis brings together different scientific and engineering disciplines, as well as current legislation, on the subject of unwanted night-time lighting effects on humans and the biosphere. The assessment criteria of Australian Standard AS4282-1997 Control of the obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting are reviewed and criteria incorporating the quantity, quality, spectral composition of light, and exposure time, are proposed to improve light engineering practice. The immediate direct concerns of humans are considered as well as the effects on biota generally in the environment, particularly as outdoor artificial lighting proliferation has the potential to change the environment for human habitation in the longer term.
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So, Chu-wing, and 蘇柱榮. "Observational studies of the night sky in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43758150.

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Sjöling, Jakob. "Ljusföroreningar i stadsmiljö : Hur kan ljusföroreningar förebyggas vid nybyggnation?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104332.

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Light pollution in urban areas - How to prevent light pollution at construction   Jakob Sjöling   Light pollution is a relatively new but rapidly growing form of pollution. Society's increasing demand for light coupled with the pace at which lighting technology evolves is accelerating that growth. The purpose of this study was to analyse how the construction industry plan and design outdoor lighting when erecting new buildings, specifically with regards to the issue of light pollution. It also investigated how local authorities work with these issues during urban planning. In both cases special interest was placed in ways to improve the planning and use of outdoor lighting in order to minimize light pollution. To this end a series of interviews were held with people in the construction industry who are involved in the planning of lighting. Interviews were also held with local officials who manages issues of lighting and the environment within the municipality of Kungsbacka, Sweden. The interviews showed that people who work with these issues were well aware that poorly planned lighting can cause glare and disturbances. They were, however, almost totally unaware of the severe danger that light at night poses to both human health and environmental stability. To remedy this, information about the risks posed by night-time lighting must be spread from the scientific community to entrepreneurs and local officials who work with lighting. There are also several areas where changes in routines can help to avoid many of the potential pitfalls threatening to cause an, otherwise good, lighting plan to fail in regards to light pollution.
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Vlasova, K. V. "Supraoptic nuclei receptors denseness at night period under light exposure." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19378.

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Strong, Meghan. "Illuminating the path of darkness : social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276912.

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Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials-based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology. A comparison of the archaeological and textual evidence allows for a discussion on the consumption of lighting in ancient Egypt and its impact on social and economic spheres. From this material it becomes apparent that artificial light was a luxury and this corresponds to its inclusion in religious texts and iconography, as well as the presence of lighting implements in tombs of the wealthy elite. The second half of the thesis examines the ritual application of artificial light, incorporating iconographic and textual evidence, consideration of ritual space and timing, and experimental archaeology. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a discussion of the sensory experience of artificial lighting and its perceived potency in ancient Egypt. It also demonstrates the contribution that Egyptology can make to lychnological and sensory studies of the ancient Near East and Mediterranean by examining the impact of light on phenomenology and aesthetics.
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Smith, Brandi L. "Grassroots policy prescription a case study in light pollution and night sky preservation and natural resource policy making /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/smith.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Light at night"

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Dean, Amy E. Night light. Center City, MN: Hazelden, 1986.

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Dean, Amy. Night light. Center City, MN: Hazelden, 1986.

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Night light. New York: Scholastic, 2013.

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Night light. Hökerum: Töve Bild AB, 2020.

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Foster, Kelli C. Night light. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's, 1996.

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artist, Woster Sara, ed. Night Light. New York: Home Grown Books, 2014.

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ill, Yardley Joanna, ed. Eli's night-light. New York: Orchard Books, 2001.

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White, Winston. The night light. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

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Robinson, Suzanne. Edward's night light. Toronto: Gage Educational Pub., 1987.

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Culea, John. Light the night. Colorado Springs, CO: ChariotVictor Pub., 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Light at night"

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Guo, Huadong, Wenxue Fu, and Guang Liu. "Night Light Satellite." In Scientific Satellite and Moon-Based Earth Observation for Global Change, 337–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8031-0_11.

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Caraveo, Patrizia. "The Charm of Light." In Saving the Starry Night, 13–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85064-7_2.

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Upgren, Arthur. "The Downside of Light." In Night Has a Thousand Eyes, 113–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6072-6_13.

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Pauser, Wolfgang. "A Story between Day and Night." In Geometry of Light, 65–70. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0539-9_7.

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Mattila, K., A. C. Levasseur-Regourd, R. Dumont, Yu I. Galperin, R. H. Giese, M. S. Hanner, P. Lamy, T. Mukai, H. Tanabe, and J. L. Weinberg. "Light of the Night Sky." In Reports on Astronomy, 211–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2981-4_14.

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Cohen, Jonathan H., Jørgen Berge, Mark A. Moline, Geir Johnsen, and Artur P. Zolich. "Light in the Polar Night." In Advances in Polar Ecology, 37–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33208-2_3.

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Bergeron, Jacqueline. "Light of the Night Sky." In Reports on Astronomy, 205–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1100-3_14.

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West, Richard M. "Light of the Night Sky." In Reports on Astronomy, 227–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5392-5_14.

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Biswas, Rajiv. "From night through blood to light." In Future Asia, 5–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137027221_2.

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Adams, Mark T., and William Wren. "Preserving the Night Sky at McDonald Observatory." In Light Pollution: The Global View, 175–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0125-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Light at night"

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Zalesak, Jan. "Visual field analysis for night-time drivers." In 21st International Conference LIGHT SVĚTLO 2015. Brno: Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikacnich technologii VUT v Brne, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/conf.light.2015.195.

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Tyson, J. Anthony. "Low Light Level CCD Imaging in Astronomy." In Quantum-Limited Imaging and Image Processing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qlip.1986.mb1.

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Much of modern optical and IR astronomy is "photon starved". That is, to pursue current research in imaging and spectroscopy it is often necessary to integrate longer than several nights, for sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Yet for such long integrations there are diminishing returns: low-level systematic error due to "weather" (night sky variations, clouds, etc.) limit the accuracy of photometry. Thus, this fractional error in night sky brightness translates into a limiting faintness for surface photometry of galaxies. Even worse, there are limiting upper-atmosphere generated systematics on the detector itself. The solution is to use the highest quantum efficiency detectors on the largest telescopes, and develop image acquisition and reduction techniques which cancel the systematics.
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Wang, Yiming, and Mian Zhou. "The Brightest Light in the Darkest Night." In 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.127.

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Jou, Jwo-Huei, Po-Wei Chen, Chun-Yu Hsieh, Ching-Chiun Wang, Chien-Chih Chen, F.-C. Tung, Szu-Hao Chen, and Yi-Shan Wang. "Candle light-style OLED: a plausibly human-friendly safe night light." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Franky So and Chihaya Adachi. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2021591.

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Toyofuku, Kunihiko, Yoichi Iwata, Yasuo Hagisato, and Tsuyoshi Kumasaka. "The “Night View System” Using Near-Infrared Light." In SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0018.

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Udovicic, L., and C. Varga. "LIGHT EXPOSURE OF WORKERS IN DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS." In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.po67.

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Twenty-four hours light exposure of employees in three different occupations was assessed for a working week during both summer and winter. Occupations being exposed to light at night and those exposed to low daytime light levels were represented by night shift working geriatric nurses and daytime working hotel staff, respectively. Their light exposure was compared to the light exposure of outdoor workers represented by refuse collectors. In winter, luminous exposure of night shift working geriatric nurses and daytime working hotel staff amounts to only 2 % and 12 % of the luminous exposure of outdoor workers, respectively. In summer, the respective values are 6 % and 21 %. This could lead to a desynchronization of circadian physiological processes in the human body.
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Cafuta, Melita Rozman. "ECOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NIGHT LIGHT IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND LIGHT POLLUTION." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b62/s27.066.

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Wang, Yue, Ye Ni, Xutao Li, and Yunming Ye. "A Deep Learning Approach to Nightfire Detection based on Low-Light Satellite." In 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CoSIT 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110401.

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Wildfires are a serious disaster, which often cause severe damages to forests and plants. Without an early detection and suitable control action, a small wildfire could grow into a big and serious one. The problem is especially fatal at night, as firefighters in general miss the chance to detect the wildfires in the very first few hours. Low-light satellites, which take pictures at night, offer an opportunity to detect night fire timely. However, previous studies identify night fires based on threshold methods or conventional machine learning approaches, which are not robust and accurate enough. In this paper, we develop a new deep learning approach, which determines night fire locations by a pixel-level classification on low-light remote sensing image. Experimental results on VIIRS data demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method, which outperforms conventional threshold and machine learning approaches.
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Craig, Greg, Todd Macuda, Paul Thomas, Rob Allison, and Sion Jennings. "Light source halos in night vision goggles: psychophysical assessments." In Defense and Security, edited by Clarence E. Rash and Colin E. Reese. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.602543.

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Gross, Elad, Ran Ginat, and Ofer Nesher. "Low light level CMOS sensor for night vision systems." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Bjørn F. Andresen, Gabor F. Fulop, Charles M. Hanson, and Paul R. Norton. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2182801.

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Reports on the topic "Light at night"

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Biberman, Lucien M. The Light of the Night Sky: Extending the Spectral Interval for Military Night Vision Devices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385382.

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Fischer, C. Performance-Based Comparison of Low-Light Video Technologies for Night Surveillance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445827.

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Zegarra, Maria Alejandra, Laura Giles Álvarez, Mikaël Gartner, and Luis Palomino. The Macro-Economic Effects of Hurricanes in The Bahamas: A Case Study Using Satellite Night Light Luminosity. Banco interamericano de Desarrollo, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003602.

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Karymshakov, Kamalbek, Dina Azhgaliyeva, Ranjeeta Mishra, and Dastan Aseinov. Evaluating COVID-19’s Impact on Firm Performance in the CAREC Region Using Night-Time Light Data: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/oksl8988.

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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.

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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.

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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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7

Naguib, Costanza, Martino Pelli, David Poirier, and Jeanne Tschopp. The Impact of Cyclones on Local Economic Growth: Evidence from Local Projections. CIRANO, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/xvof3031.

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We shed new light on the short-term dynamic effects of cyclones on local economic growth in India. We proxy local GDP growth with night-time light intensity data and construct a cyclone index that varies across months and districts depending on windspeed exposures. Using local projections on highly granular data for the period 1993M1-2011M12, we find that yearly estimations hide large short-term differential impacts and that the negative impact of cyclones is the largest between 4 and 8 months after the event.
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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, Ronald Gibbons, and Andrew Kassing. Roadway Lighting’s Effect on Pedestrian Safety at Intersection and Midblock Crosswalks. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-028.

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This study evaluates the visual performance of four intersection lighting designs and five midblock crosswalk lighting designs along with two pedestrian safety countermeasures (rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs) at three light levels. The study involved a pedestrian detection task, which was completed at night on a realistic roadway intersection and a midblock crosswalk. The results from the study showed that driver nighttime visual performance at intersection and midblock crosswalks was influenced by the lighting design and light level. Intersections should be illuminated to an average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc). This light level ensures optimal visibility of pedestrians regardless of the lighting design (or luminaire layout) of the intersection. The average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc) also increases the visibility of pedestrians when glare from oncoming vehicles is present. The 14 lux (1.3 fc) average horizontal illuminance is valid for all lighting designs evaluated except the lighting design that illuminated the exits of the intersection. When the exits of the intersection are illuminated, an average horizontal illuminance of 24 lux (2.2 fc) is needed to offset the disability glare from opposing vehicles. Midblock crosswalks should be illuminated to an average vertical illuminance of 10 lux (0.9 fc) to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility. Where overhead lighting is available, midblock crosswalk lighting designs that render the pedestrian in positive contrast are recommended. Where overhead lighting is not available, crosswalk illuminators can be used to illuminate midblock crosswalks. At night, pedestrian crossing treatments such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs should not be used for pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks. Pedestrians crossing treatments should be used in conjunction with overhead lighting or crosswalk illuminators at the established vertical illuminance to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks.
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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.
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10

Jensen, G. A. Acceptability testing of radioluminescent lights for VFR-night air taxi operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6244176.

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