Journal articles: 'Light at night'

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Varcoe, Rae. "Night Light." Annals of Internal Medicine 175, no. 4 (April 2022): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m21-4147.

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Kipp, L. R. "Night Light." Science News 142, no. 13 (September 26, 1992): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976695.

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Taylor, Elaine. "Night Light." Self & Society 39, no. 1 (September 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03060497.2011.11084189.

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Partridge, Dixie. "Night Light." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 36, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45227022.

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Harder, Ben. "Light All Night." Science News 169, no. 11 (March 18, 2006): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3982349.

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Li, Le-Lin, Peng Liang, San Jiang, and Ze-Qiang Chen. "Multi-Scale Dynamic Analysis of the Russian–Ukrainian Conflict from the Perspective of Night-Time Lights." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 12998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412998.

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Under the influence of various forces, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is violent and changeable. The obtaining of battlefield data by conventional means is difficult but necessary in order to ensure security, reliability, and comprehensiveness. The use of remote sensing technology can make up for the deficiencies of conventional methods. By using night-time light data, the total number of night-time lights in the built-up areas of Ukrainian cities within 36 days of the outbreak of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict is compiled in this paper. Furthermore, the dynamic changes in night-time light at the national, regional, and urban scales are analyzed by using the night-time light ratio index and the dynamic degree model combined with the time-series night-time light data. The results show that (1) after the outbreak of the war, more than 60% of the night-time lights in Ukrainian cities were lost. In terms of the night-time light recovery speed, the night-time lights in the pro-Russian areas recovered significantly faster, followed by Russian-controlled areas, and the recovery speed in areas of conflict was the lowest. (2) Decision-making by belligerents affects non-combatant activities and thus corresponds to light at night. The loss of night-time light will be reduced if military operations are reduced and mitigated if humanitarian operations are increased. (3) The changes in night-time light reflect the changes in the conflict situation well. When the conflict between Russia and Ukraine intensifies, the overall change of night-time light shows a downward trend. In this context, night-time light data can be used as an effective source to deduce and predict battlefield situations.

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Welford, Maire. "Light-headed night staff." Nursing Standard 6, no. 46 (August 5, 1992): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.46.44.s56.

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Grimaldi, Daniela, Kathryn Reid, Ivy Mason, Chloe Warlick, Roneil Malkani, Sabra Abbott, and Phyllis Zee. "012 Overnight light exposure acutely increases heart rate during sleep and decreases insulin sensitivity the following day." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.011.

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Abstract Introduction Prior reports indicate that exposure to light at night negatively impacts sleep quality, autonomic and metabolic function, but the interaction between these physiologically interconnected systems is not fully elucidated. We examined the acute effects of nighttime light exposure on sleep macro and microarchitecture, heart rate (HR) and response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the relationship between these measures. Methods Twenty healthy adults (18 - 40 years) were randomized into Light or Dark groups and run in parallel for a three-day and two-night laboratory stay. The Light group (n=10) slept in the dark (< 3 lux) on Night 1 and slept with overhead room lights on (100 lux) on Night 2, while the Dark group (n=10) slept in the dark (< 3 lux) on both Nights 1 and 2. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was used to assess sleep macro and microstructure (slow wave activity: SWA: 0.5–4 Hz, and slow oscillatory (SO) activity: 0.5–1 Hz), and beat-to-beat measurement of HR. A two-hour OGTT was completed each morning. The between groups change in PSG-derived measures and metabolic parameters from Night/Day 2 to Night/Day 1, was calculated. Results While a greater percentage of time was spent in stage 2 (p= 0.003) and a smaller percentage of time was spent in stage 3 (p= 0.04), there were no between group differences in SWA and SO activity. Time series analysis of HR changes across the night from Night 1 to Night 2 showed higher HR in the Light vs the Dark group (p< 0.001). The change from Day 1 to Day 2 of the initial insulin response (60-min. area under the curve, AUC) showed a higher insulin response in the Light vs the Dark group (p= 0.029). The change in HR was positively correlated with the change in the 60-min. AUC of insulin (R= 0.46, p= 0.049). Conclusion A single overnight light exposure acutely increases heart rate during sleep and decreases insulin sensitivity the following day and these responses appear to be associated, suggesting that elevated autonomic activity in response to light at night impacts next day metabolic responses. Support (if any) Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, UL1TR001422

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Kardel, W. Scott. "RETHINKING HOW WE LIGHT AT NIGHT: CUTTING LIGHT POLLUTION FOR MORE SUSTAINABLE NIGHTS." Journal of Green Building 7, no. 3 (July 2012): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.7.3.3.

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Walker, William H., Jacob R. Bumgarner, James C. Walton, Jennifer A. Liu, O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández, Randy J. Nelson, and A. Courtney DeVries. "Light Pollution and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249360.

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For many individuals in industrialized nations, the widespread adoption of electric lighting has dramatically affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is associated with several disorders, including increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and mood disorders. Within this review, we present a brief overview of the molecular circadian clock system and the importance of maintaining fidelity to bright days and dark nights. We describe the interrelation between core clock genes and the cell cycle, as well as the contribution of clock genes to oncogenesis. Next, we review the clinical implications of disrupted circadian rhythms on cancer, followed by a section on the foundational science literature on the effects of light at night and cancer. Finally, we provide some strategies for mitigation of disrupted circadian rhythms to improve health.

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Ozer, Muhammet Derda, Muhammed Batur, Erbil Seven, Serek Tekin, and Mesut Savasan. "Phototoxic maculopathy due to extreme usage of infrared illuminator–assembled night-vision handheld scope." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): NP11—NP16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119854585.

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Night-vision handheld scopes are of wide use in military operations at dark conditions. In some cases in the battlefield, as in our case report, if there is no light coming from any source (neither from Moon nor from Stars), infrared light-emitting diode illumination can be coupled with night-vision goggles. Reflected illumination from the target is mostly blue filtered through the night-vision goggles objective lens. Retinal damage induced by unfiltered blue light and visible light has been previously reported. We described a phototoxic maculopathy induced by night-vision handheld scope assembled with infrared light-emitting diode illuminator in two soldiers who are on duty at nights for nearly two-thirds of the last year. The phototoxic maculopathy can represent with typical optical coherence tomography findings such as intraretinal hyperreflective accumulation particularly located on the surface of outer retinal segments defect or presumably in the vicinity of the light passageway. Here, we presented a unique factor causing phototoxic maculopathy.

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Powell, Robert. "Exploiting the Night-light Niche." Reptiles & Amphibians 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v22i1.14036.

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Alfred, Jane. "New light on night blindness." Nature Reviews Genetics 1, no. 3 (December 2000): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35042025.

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Lopez-Gil, N., S. C. Peixoto-de-Matos, L. N. Thibos, and J. M. Gonzalez-Meijome. "Shedding light on night myopia." Journal of Vision 12, no. 5 (January 1, 2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.5.4.

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Horwood, Bert. "Shedding Light on Night Learning." Journal of Experiential Education 9, no. 3 (November 1986): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382598600900303.

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Ruby, Lawrence, and John Hunt. "Investigating the automatic night‐light." Physics Teacher 34, no. 8 (November 1996): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2344535.

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Lin, May C., Daniel F. Kripke, Barbara L. Perry, and Sarah L. Berga. "Night light alters menstrual cycles." Psychiatry Research 33, no. 2 (August 1990): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(90)90067-f.

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Triplett, Bill. "Astronomers fume over night light." Nature 405, no. 6790 (June 2000): 987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35016714.

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Hernando, Ana María. "The Light of the Night." Confluencia: Revista Hispánica de Cultura y Literatura 32, no. 2 (2017): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cnf.2017.0027.

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Schreuder, D. A. "Light Trespass Countermeasures." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003626.

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Human life is geared to the rhythm of day and night. The day is committed to work and activity, and the night to rest, to leisure, but also to contemplation on the universe. Stars are the link between the earth-bound human existence and the eternal and infinite cosmos. So, humanity needs the night, requires the darkness – even if darkness is frightening and is considered as the personification of danger and evil.

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Larsson, Malin, Anders Göthberg, and Per Milberg. "Night, light and flight: light attraction in Trichoptera." Insect Conservation and Diversity 13, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/icad.12379.

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Nisar, Hajra, Faiza Sarwar, Safdar Ali Shirazi, Dania Amjad, and Rana Waqar Aslam. "Assessment and Monitoring of VIIRS-DNB and SQML-L light Pollution in Lahore-Pakistan." Vol 4 Issue 1 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040107.

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The usage of artificial light is excessive and improper. Earth's night picture has changed significantly from space and studies have shown that over-exposure to artificial light in the night can influence animals, the environment and human beings. The purpose of this study was to monitor and measure skylights of Lahore City and temporary light pollution from 2012-2019. The Suite-Day/Night band of the Visible Image Radiometer was used for time changes analysis with GIS and Remote Sensing tools. Indicators were established as a table tool through zonal statistics, and a field survey was also undertaken to measure the Sky-Glow of Lahore with Sky Quality Meter-L. The results suggest that from 2012 to 2019, light pollution rose by 23.43 percent. Results suggest that around 53.99% of Lahore suffered from light pollution. The number of lights in Lahore has increased by 161.82 percent between 2012 and 2019. In the study period, the mean night light and the standard night light deviation were 127.87 and 98.22 percent, respectively. Lahore's night sky was heavily polluted by light. Lahore's average skylight is 17.15 meters above sea level, which means low quality skies at night. This research aims to provide people an insight into light pollution and the causes of local light pollution. Furthermore, this study aims to enhance public attention to light pollution mitigation attempts by governments and politicians.

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Nelson, Randy J., and Souhad Chbeir. "Dark matters: effects of light at night on metabolism." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 77, no. 3 (May 11, 2018): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118000198.

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Life on earth has evolved during the past several billion years under relatively bright days and dark night conditions. The wide-spread adoption of electric lights during the past century exposed animals, both human and non-human, to significant light at night for the first time in their evolutionary history. Endogenous circadian clocks depend on light to entrain to the external daily environment and seasonal rhythms depend on clear nightly melatonin signals to assess time of year. Thus, light at night can derange temporal adaptations. Indeed, disruption of naturally evolved light–dark cycles results in several physiological and behavioural changes with potentially serious implications for physiology, behaviour and mood. In this review, data from night-shift workers on their elevated risk for metabolic disorders, as well as data from animal studies will be discussed. Night-shift workers are predisposed to obesity and dysregulated metabolism that may result from disrupted circadian rhythms. Although studies in human subjects are correlative, animal studies have revealed several mechanisms through which light at night may exert its effects on metabolism by disrupting circadian rhythms that are associated with inflammation, both in the brain and in the periphery. Disruption of the typical timing of food intake is a key effect of light at night and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Strategies to avoid the effects of light at night on body mass dysregulation should be pursued.

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Shattuck, Nita Lewis, Panagiotis Matsangas, James Reily, Meghan McDonough, and Kathleen B. Giles. "Using Light to Facilitate Circadian Entrainment from Day to Night Flights." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6161.2023.

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BACKGROUND: As part of a larger project to provide recommendations regarding limitations and best practices for shifting aviators from day to night operations, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of high energy visible (HEV) light to shift the circadian rhythm in humans. The study attempted to replicate the patterns of military aviators who could be required to shift abruptly from day to night flight operations.METHODS: Simulated flight performance and salivary melatonin levels of 10 U.S. military aviators were collected over a 3-night period using a within-subject dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) study design. Data were collected in a laboratory with participants returning home to sleep following each of the three evenings/nights of data collection. Light treatment included a single 4-h exposure of blue-enriched white light (∼1000 lux) on night 2. Data collected included melatonin levels, light exposure, sleepiness, cognitive workload, and simulated flight performance.RESULTS: The average delay in melatonin onset was 1.32 ± 0.37 h (range: 53 min to 1 h 56 min). Sleepiness (P = 0.044) and cognitive workload (P = 0.081) improved the night following the light treatment compared to the baseline. No systematic differences were identified in flight performance.DISCUSSION: The HEV light treatment successfully delayed the circadian phase of all participants even though participants’ ambient light levels (including daylight) outside the laboratory were not controlled. These findings were used to develop circadian synchronization plans for aviators who are asked to transition from day to night operations. These plans will be assessed in a follow-on study in an operational unit.Shattuck NL, Matsangas P, Reily J, McDonough M, Giles KB. Using light to facilitate circadian entrainment from day to night flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(2):66–73.

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Spoelstra, Kamiel, Irene Verhagen, Davy Meijer, and Marcel E. Visser. "Artificial light at night shifts daily activity patterns but not the internal clock in the great tit ( Parus major )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1875 (March 28, 2018): 20172751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2751.

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Artificial light at night has shown a dramatic increase over the last decades and continues to increase. Light at night can have strong effects on the behaviour and physiology of species, which includes changes in the daily timing of activity; a clear example is the advance in dawn song onset in songbirds by low levels of light at night. Although such effects are often referred to as changes in circadian timing, i.e. changes to the internal clock, two alternative mechanisms are possible. First, light at night can change the timing of clock controlled activity, without any change to the clock itself; e.g. by a change in the phase relation between the circadian clock and expression of activity. Second, changes in daily activity can be a direct response to light (‘masking’), without any involvement of the circadian system. Here, we studied whether the advance in onset of activity by dim light at night in great tits ( Parus major ) is indeed attributable to a phase shift of the internal clock. We entrained birds to a normal light/dark (LD) cycle with bright light during daytime and darkness at night, and to a comparable (LDim) schedule with dim light at night. The dim light at night strongly advanced the onset of activity of the birds. After at least six days in LD or LDim, we kept birds in constant darkness (DD) by leaving off all lights so birds would revert to their endogenous, circadian system controlled timing of activity. We found that the timing of onset in DD was not dependent on whether the birds were kept at LD or LDim before the measurement. Thus, the advance of activity under light at night is caused by a direct effect of light rather than a phase shift of the internal clock. This demonstrates that birds are capable of changing their daily activity to low levels of light at night directly, without the need to alter their internal clock.

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Martinez, F., C. Seneviratne, A. Chrimes, and G. Paech. "P107 Patient self-reported sleep quality, noise and light levels in a tertiary ICU: a prospective observational study." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A55—A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.150.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep is poor in intensive care units (ICU). However, there is limited research examining the causes from the patient perspective, especially in an Australian population. The current study investigated the factors that patients perceive as affecting their sleep in a major Australian tertiary ICU. Methods Patients (n=138, 51F; aged 58.1±16.8 years) completed a survey assessing sleep before and during their ICU stay, factors contributing to poor sleep, and factors that may have improved their sleep in the ICU. Night-time sound (16 nights) and light (28 nights) levels in rooms were also measured. Results Most patients reported good (38%) to very good (25%) sleep quality before their ICU stay, and poor (28%) to very poor (32%) sleep quality in the ICU. Over half (56%) reported an abnormal sleep-wake cycle and most (60%) felt as though they did not obtain sufficient sleep. Noise (54%), pain (50%) and lights (48%) were the top reasons for self-reported poor sleep. Patients felt as though their sleep would have been improved with dimmed lights (64%), a sleeping pill (57%) and closing door/blinds at night (46%). Median (IQR) overnight noise and light levels were 52.8 (51.4–54.6) dB and 39.9 (8.2–90.9) lux respectively. Discussion Of the top three factors that patients perceive to be the primary reasons for poor sleep, two are modifiable (noise and lights). Night-time sound levels exceed standard recommendations and light levels, while mostly low, were higher than indicated for a healthy sleep environment, suggesting that these could be modified to improve patients sleep.

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Kaartvedt, Stein, Tom J. Langbehn, and Dag L. Aksnes. "Enlightening the ocean’s twilight zone." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz010.

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Abstract By definition, the mesopelagic twilight zone extends from 200 to 1000 m depth. Rather than confining the twilight zone to a certain depth interval, we here propose a definition that covers absolute light intensities ranging from 10−9 to 10−1 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. The lowest intensity of this twilight habitat corresponds to the visual threshold of lanternfishes (Myctophidae). The highest intensity corresponds to the upper light exposure of pearlsides (Maurolicus spp.), which have a unique eye adapted to higher light intensities than the lanternfishes. By this definition, the daytime twilight habitat extends deeper than 1000 m in very clear oceanic water, while may even be largely located above 200 m in very murky coastal waters. During moonlit nights in clear water, the twilight habitat would still extend deep into the mesopelagic depth zone, while becoming compressed toward the surface in dark nights. Large variation in night light, from 10−3 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 during moonlit nights to 10−8 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 in dark overcast nights, implies that division of light into night- and daylight is insufficient to characterize the habitats and distributional patterns of twilight organisms. Future research will benefit from in situ light measurements, during night- as well as daytime, and habitat classification based on optical properties in addition to depth. We suggest some pertinent research questions for future exploration of the twilight zone.

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Fonken, L. K., Z. M. Weil, and R. J. Nelson. "Dark nights reverse metabolic disruption caused by dim light at night." Obesity 21, no. 6 (May 10, 2013): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.20108.

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Figueiro, Mariana G., Levent Sahin, Brittany Wood, and Barbara Plitnick. "Light at Night and Measures of Alertness and Performance." Biological Research For Nursing 18, no. 1 (February 19, 2015): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800415572873.

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Rotating-shift workers, particularly those working at night, are likely to experience sleepiness, decreased productivity, and impaired safety while on the job. Light at night has been shown to have acute alerting effects, reduce sleepiness, and improve performance. However, light at night can also suppress melatonin and induce circadian disruption, both of which have been linked to increased health risks. Previous studies have shown that long-wavelength (red) light exposure increases objective and subjective measures of alertness at night, without suppressing nocturnal melatonin. This study investigated whether exposure to red light at night would not only increase measures of alertness but also improve performance. It was hypothesized that exposure to both red (630 nm) and white (2,568 K) lights would improve performance but that only white light would significantly affect melatonin levels. Seventeen individuals participated in a 3-week, within-subjects, nighttime laboratory study. Compared to remaining in dim light, participants had significantly faster reaction times in the GO/NOGO test after exposure to both red light and white light. Compared to dim light exposure, power in the alpha and alpha-theta regions was significantly decreased after exposure to red light. Melatonin levels were significantly suppressed by white light only. Results show that not only can red light improve measures of alertness, but it can also improve certain types of performance at night without affecting melatonin levels. These findings could have significant practical applications for nurses; red light could help nurses working rotating shifts maintain nighttime alertness, without suppressing melatonin or changing their circadian phase.

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Garstang, R. H. "Light Pollution Modeling." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003705.

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The growth of urban development and its accompanying outdoor lighting has made the search for new observatory sites increasingly difficult. A method of predicting the brightness of the night sky produced by a city of known population and distance is useful in making studies of prospective new observatory sites, as well as in studying the likely future deterioration of existing sites. Other sources of light pollution can be investigated using the same model. In most cases, several cities are responsible for the light pollution at a given site, and the predicted night sky brightness is the sum of the contributions of all the cities. In this paper, we shall review the surprisingly little work which has been done on predicting night sky brightnesses from model calculations.

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Maghsoodi, M. O., A. Kazemi, A. Hedayati Aghmashadi, and M. R. Gili. "SURVEY OF LIGHT POLLUTION OF ARAK CITY BY USING OF DMSP AND SUONI-NPP SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-693-2019.

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Abstract. Today, the use of remote sensing techniques and satellite images of night lights has immensely assisted in investigating this kind of pollution. The objectives of this research is to survey the light pollution of the city of Arak in Iran for the years 1997 and 2009, by utilizing satellite images of DMSP night lights and for the years 2013 through 2018, by taking advantage of Soumi-NPP satellite images of night lights and exploring its connection to the city’s electricity power consumption for street lighting. The night light images of the DMSP and NPP satellites, depending on the degree of light intensity, were each, in segregation, categorized into five classes of light pollution levels, ranging from very high to very low levels. Next, light pollution maps were extracted from classified images and then the connection of the ‘high and very high’ classes of light pollution with electric power consumption for street or road lighting was surveyed in these years. Results of the study indicates that the amount of light pollution in these years was in relevance with road or street lighting, as in the years when the amount of electricity consumption for road lighting was high and its role in connection with light pollution was also in great percentages; and in years with a decrease in electricity consumption for road lighting, lower percentages were displayed.

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Sasaki, Yoshio, Kiyoshi Iida, Shinko Miyake, and Norio Muroi. "Dark-adaptation under artificial light with night sky light." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 69, Appendix (1985): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.69.appendix_81.

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Falchi, Fabio, Pierantonio Cinzano, Dan Duriscoe, Christopher C. M. Kyba, Christopher D. Elvidge, Kimberly Baugh, Boris A. Portnov, Nataliya A. Rybnikova, and Riccardo Furgoni. "The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness." Science Advances 2, no. 6 (June 2016): e1600377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600377.

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Artificial lights raise night sky luminance, creating the most visible effect of light pollution—artificial skyglow. Despite the increasing interest among scientists in fields such as ecology, astronomy, health care, and land-use planning, light pollution lacks a current quantification of its magnitude on a global scale. To overcome this, we present the world atlas of artificial sky luminance, computed with our light pollution propagation software using new high-resolution satellite data and new precision sky brightness measurements. This atlas shows that more than 80% of the world and more than 99% of the U.S. and European populations live under light-polluted skies. The Milky Way is hidden from more than one-third of humanity, including 60% of Europeans and nearly 80% of North Americans. Moreover, 23% of the world’s land surfaces between 75°N and 60°S, 88% of Europe, and almost half of the United States experience light-polluted nights.

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Blake, Mike. "The Night Light Illuminates Meter Boxes." Opflow 47, no. 9 (November 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/opfl.1606.

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Schernhammer, Eva, and Karl Schulmeister. "Light at Night and Cancer Risk¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 79, no. 4 (2004): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/sa-03-28.1.

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Bartsch, Christian. "Light-at-night, cancer and aging." Aging 2, no. 2 (March 4, 2010): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.100126.

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Williams, Neville, Ken Jacobson, and Harold Burris. "Sunshine for light in the night." Nature 362, no. 6422 (April 1993): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362691a0.

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Li, Xi, Christopher Elvidge, Yuyu Zhou, Changyong Cao, and Timothy Warner. "Remote sensing of night-time light." International Journal of Remote Sensing 38, no. 21 (July 24, 2017): 5855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1351784.

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Giese, R. H., k. Mattila, R. Dumont, Yu I. Galperin, M. S. Hanner, A. C. Levasseur-Regourd, F. Sanchez-Martinez, H. Tanabe, and J. L. Weinberg. "21. Light of the Night Sky." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006337.

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The light of the night sky consists of atmospheric components (airglow, light scattered in the atmosphere) and – even in the case of spaceborne observations – of zodiacal, galactic and extragalactic light. Although all components are of similar importance, investigations on zodiacal light have profitted most by the space age since their object of research, the interplanetary dust cloud, became accessible to direct in-situ measurements. Lunar samples and measurements by micrometeoroid detectors provide individual and eventually detailed information on impact events, which however are limited in number and therefore restricted in statistical significance. Zodiacal light investigations involve scattered light of many particles in large volume elements and therefore provide global information about physical properties and spatial distribution of interplanetary dust grains, however just in terms of average values. Therefore both sources of information are complementary and a synthesis can only be achieved by synoptic interpretation of zodiacal light, micrometeoroid, and meteoroid investigations also including dynamical aspects. Measurements of zodiacal light (and emission) from rockets, manned or non manned spacecraft, and deep space probes gained drastically in importance compared to ground based observations. On the other hand investigations on airglow have become more and more a topic of geophysics Caeronomy). They remain relevant however to astronomy as far as photometric features are concerned. These general trends continued in the last triennium and have influenced the activities of our commission.

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Holzman, David C. "Blue alert: Beware light at night." New Scientist 210, no. 2811 (May 2011): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)61055-5.

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Nelson, R. J., J. C. Walton, L. K. Fonken, and T. A. Bedrosian. "Light at night influences immune function." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 24 (August 2010): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.122.

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de Naurois, Mathieu. "Blue light in the desert night." Nature Astronomy 2, no. 7 (July 2018): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0513-1.

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Stuby, Tamara. "‘Dark night’ under a bright light." Third Text 14, no. 50 (March 2000): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528820008576843.

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Rosenheck, Shimon. "Night darkness–day light and arrhythmogenesis." Heart Rhythm 12, no. 6 (June 2015): 1315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.008.

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Boyce, Peter R. "The benefits of light at night." Building and Environment 151 (March 2019): 356–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.020.

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Davis, S., D. K. Mirick, and R. G. Stevens. "Night Shift Work, Light at Night, and Risk of Breast Cancer." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93, no. 20 (October 17, 2001): 1557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.20.1557.

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Stebelova, Katarina, Jan Roska, and Michal Zeman. "Impact of Dim Light at Night on Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin Concentrations and Sleep in Healthy Humans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207736.

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Artificial light at night can have negative effects on human wellbeing and health. It can disrupt circadian rhythms, interfere with sleep, and participate in the progress of civilisation diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore if dim artificial light during the entire night (ALAN) can affect melatonin production and sleep quality in young volunteers. We performed two experiments in real-life home-based conditions. Young volunteers (n = 33) were exposed to four nights of one lux ALAN or two nights of five lux ALAN. Melatonin production, based on 6-sulphatoxymelatonin/creatinine concentrations in urine, and sleep quality, based on actimetry, were evaluated. Exposure to ALAN one lux during the entire night did not suppress aMT6s/creatinine concentrations but did aggravate sleep quality by increasing sleep fragmentation and one-minute immobility. ALAN up to five lux reduced melatonin biosynthesis significantly and interfered with sleep quality, as evidenced by an increased percentage of one-minute immobility and a tendency of increased fragmentation index. Our results show that people are more sensitive to low illuminance during the entire night, as previously expected. ALAN can interfere with melatonin production and sleep quality in young, healthy individuals, and both processes have different sensitivities to light.

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Dunn, Lauren K., Amanda M. Kleiman, Katherine T. Forkin, Allison J. Bechtel, Stephen R. Collins, Jennifer F. Potter, Christopher J. Kaperak, Siny Tsang, Julie L. Huffmyer, and Edward C. Nemergut. "Anesthesiology Resident Night Float Duty Alters Sleep Patterns." Anesthesiology 131, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002806.

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AbstractEditor’s PerspectiveWhat We Already Know about This TopicWhat This Article Tells Us That Is NewBackgroundResidency programs utilize night float systems to adhere to duty hour restrictions; however, the influence of night float on resident sleep has not been described. The study aim was to determine the influence of night float on resident sleep patterns and quality of sleep. We hypothesized that total sleep time decreases during night float, increases as residents acclimate to night shift work, and returns to baseline during recovery.MethodsThis was a single-center observational study of 30 anesthesia residents scheduled to complete six consecutive night float shifts. Electroencephalography sleep patterns were recorded during baseline (three nights), night float (six nights), and recovery (three nights) using the ZMachine Insight monitor (General Sleep Corporation, USA). Total sleep time; light, deep, and rapid eye movement sleep; sleep efficiency; latency to persistent sleep; and wake after sleep onset were observed.ResultsMean total sleep time ± SD was 5.9 ± 1.9 h (3.0 ± 1.2.1 h light; 1.4 ± 0.6 h deep; 1.6 ± 0.7 h rapid eye movement) at baseline. During night float, mean total sleep time was 4.5 ± 1.8 h (1.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.9, Cohen’s d = –1.1, P < 0.001) with decreases in light (2.2 ± 1.1 h, 0.7-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.1, d = –1.0, P < 0.001), deep (1.1 ± 0.7 h, 0.3-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.4, d = –0.5, P = 0.005), and rapid eye movement sleep (1.2 ± 0.6 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.6, d = –0.9, P < 0.001). Mean total sleep time during recovery was 5.4 ± 2.2 h, which did not differ significantly from baseline; however, deep (1.0 ± 0.6 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6, d = –0.6, P = 0.001 *, P = 0.001) and rapid eye movement sleep (1.2 ± 0.8 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6, d = –0.9, P < 0.001 P < 0.001) were significantly decreased.ConclusionsElectroencephalography monitoring demonstrates that sleep quantity is decreased during six consecutive night float shifts. A 3-day period of recovery is insufficient for restorative sleep (rapid eye movement and deep sleep) levels to return to baseline.

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Stebelova, K., J. Kosnacova, and M. Zeman. "Intense blue light therapy during the night-time does not suppress the rhythmic melatonin biosynthesis in a young boy." Endocrine Regulations 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/enr-2017-0004.

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Abstract Objective. Melatonin is a hormone predominantly synthesized and secreted during the night by the pineal gland. Artificial light at night, especially its blue part, acutely suppresses the melatonin production. Th e aim of the present study was to find out, whether an intense blue light phototherapy of severe hyperbilirubinemia, may suppress the melatonin production during the night when the eyes will be properly protected by a sleep mask.Methods. The main melatonin metabolite, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was measured in urine in a nine-year old boy suffering from the Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I. The boy was treated during the sleep period with an intense blue light (to 1800 lx) 10 h/day, since his birth. During the phototherapy, his eyes were protected with a sleep mask. The concentration of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was determined in the first morning urine and urine collected afternoon during the six days. The patient was exposed to phototherapy for three nights, two nights without and the last one with the treatment. The control urine samples were obtained from 8 healthy nine-year old boys. The level of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay and the data were normalized to urinary creatinine.Results. A distinct melatonin production rhythm was found and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentration in urine of the patient was comparable with the values obtained by the control group. No differences in 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels were found between the nights with and without the phototherapy applied.Conclusions. We conclude that the whole night treatment of hyperbilirubinemia with intense blue light has negligible side effect on the rhythmic melatonin production, when the eyes are sufficiently protected by the sleep mask.

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Mosseri, Robin. "Perceptions, Practices and Principles: Increasing Awareness of ‘Night Sky’ in Urban Landscapes." SURG Journal 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v5i1.1202.

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In urban centres the natural cycles of day and night have dramatically been altered by artificial lighting, creating a perpetually lit environment that is rarely considered an issue. Artificial lights are illuminating roadways, structures and public plazas with lighting schemes that are, in most cases, inefficient. Consequently, light pollution has greatly impacted the night by reflecting and refracting light into the atmosphere. Without appropriate consideration of integrating artificial lighting into the urban environment, our “night sky” experience is at risk due to poor approaches to public realm design. This study qualitatively explores light pollution analyzing it based on the environment, society and economy as a whole. A literature review, key informants, and case studies contribute to a greater understanding of light and create a framework to develop a design reference to light efficient urban development. This study examines the need for a shift in public perception, broadening an understanding of the effects of light pollution, and provides design considerations to aid urban night sky awareness, planning and design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Light at night'

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