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Journal articles on the topic 'Light flash'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Heikkinen, H., F. Vinberg, S. Nymark, and A. Koskelainen. "Mesopic background lights enhance dark-adapted cone ERG flash responses in the intact mouse retina: a possible role for gap junctional decoupling." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (May 2011): 2309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00536.2010.

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The cone-driven flash responses of mouse electroretinogram (ERG) increase as much as twofold over the course of several minutes during adaptation to a rod-compressing background light. The origins of this phenomenon were investigated in the present work by recording preflash-isolated (M-)cone flash responses ex vivo in darkness and during application of various steady background lights. In this protocol, the cone stimulating flash was preceded by a preflash that maintains rods under saturation (hyperpolarized) to allow selective stimulation of the cones at varying background light levels. The light-induced growth was found to represent true enhancement of cone flash responses with respect to their dark-adapted state. It developed within minutes, and its overall magnitude was a graded function of the background light intensity. The threshold intensity of cone response growth was observed with lights in the low mesopic luminance region, at which rod responses are partly compressed. Maximal effect was reached at intensities sufficient to suppress ∼90% of the rod responses. Light-induced enhancement of the cone photoresponses was not sensitive to antagonists and agonists of glutamatergic transmission. However, applying gap junction blockers to the dark-adapted retina produced qualitatively similar changes in the cone flash responses as did background light and prevented further growth during subsequent light-adaptation. These results are consistent with the idea that cone ERG photoresponses are suppressed in the dark-adapted mouse retina by gap junctional coupling between rods and cones. This coupling would then be gradually and reversibly removed by mesopic background lights, allowing larger functional range for the cone light responses.

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2

DAGANI, RON. "FLASH OF LIGHT IGNITES NANOTUBES." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 80, no. 17 (April 29, 2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n017.p009.

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3

Neher, Erwin. "Calcium Buffers in Flash-Light." Biophysical Journal 79, no. 6 (December 2000): 2783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76517-9.

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4

Zhang, Yingliang, Cheng Shen, Wei Yang, and Jingyi Yu. "Multi-Flash Light Field Photography." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 52132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911546.

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5

Park, Junghum, Yonghyun Lim, Seokwon Kong, Hojae Lee, and Young-Beom Kim. "Rapid Fabrication of Chemical Solution-Deposited Lanthanum Nickelate Thin Films via Intense Pulsed-Light Process." Coatings 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2019): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060372.

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In this paper, we demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of the flash light-sintering method to fabricate the ceramic material perovskite structure for lanthanum nickel oxide (LaNiO3; LNO) thin films using flash light irradiation equipment. LNO thin films are deposited on an Si wafer and Al2O3 substrate via the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method and sintered by a thermal and flash light-irradiation process with a bottom heater. The properties of flash light-sintered LNO thin films are compared with those of thermally sintered films. The surface morphology, crystal development, and electric conductivity of the LNO thin films are measured by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a four-point probe, respectively. Flash light sintering was accomplished in milliseconds. Through the comparison of thermal sintering and flash light-sintering results, it was confirmed that perovskite LNO thin films deposited by the CSD method can be fabricated by flash light sintering. We show that the flash light sintering method can solve several inherent issues of the conventional thermal sintering method.

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6

Rea, MS, JD Bullough, LC Radetsky, NP Skinner, and A. Bierman. "Toward the development of standards for yellow flashing lights used in work zones." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516670935.

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Flashing yellow warning lights are important for worker and driver safety in work zones. Current standards for these lights do not address whether and how they should be coordinated to provide directional information to drivers navigating through work zones. A field study was conducted to assess driver responses to warning lights. The luminous intensities and flash patterns of warning lights along a simulated work zone were varied during daytime and nighttime. During the daytime, driver responses were relatively insensitive to warning light characteristics, although drivers preferred sequential and synchronised flash patterns over random, uncoordinated flashing. At nighttime, the combination of a temporal peak luminous intensity of 25 cd and a sequential flash pattern was optimal for providing directional information. A single initial warning light having a higher luminous intensity may help drivers detect the work zone without creating unacceptable visual discomfort.

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7

Furusho, Masao, and Satoru Kawai. "Effective Intensity of a Flash Light." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 81, no. 5 (1997): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.81.5_392.

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8

Quashie, Kevin. "A Flash of Life and Light." Journal of African American History 106, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/712016.

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9

Semertzidis, Yannis K., and Francis J. M. Farley. "Effect of light flash on photocathodes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 394, no. 1-2 (July 1997): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(96)00925-4.

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10

Bear, Jordan. "Flash! Natural Darkness and Artificial Light." Journal of Victorian Culture 23, no. 4 (July 14, 2018): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcy042.

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11

Li, Zhonggang. "Discussion on Relativity of Time Interval in the Theory of Relativity." Applied Physics Research 11, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v11n5p41.

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Einstein's principle of relativity is an important fundamental of relativity. It can also be said that relativity is based on the assumption of the principle of relativity. This assumption can be represented by a diagram of "relativity of time interval", as shown in Fig.  a . According to the theory of relativity, a flash emits from the light source in the moving car and returns to the light source after being reflected by the mirror on the roof. The person in the train thinks that the flash returns to the light source along a vertical line, and the person off the train thinks that the flash returns to the light source along the AMB  curve. The time taken in the two routes is inconsistent. In fact, it is a preconception. Einstein believes that the flash will undoubtedly return to the light source, which is a matter of course and need not be discussed. Therefore, he did not think more and immediately carried out the next research on the time taken inside and outside the train. Here's where the problem arose. Is there an experimental evidence? If the flash does return to the light source, then the next analysis carried out by Einstein is correct and impeccable. However, if the flash does not return to the light source, then Einstein's next analysis and the whole theory of relativity make no sense.

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12

Yang, Dae-Jin, Seyun Kim, Hiesang Sohn, Kyoung-Seok Moon, Woo Hyeong Sim, Hyung Mo Jeong, and Weon Ho Shin. "Effect of Flash Light Sintering on Silver Nanowire Electrode Networks." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020404.

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We investigated the flash light sintering process to effectively reduce electrical resistance in silver nanowire networks. The optimum condition of the flash light sintering process reduces the electrical resistance by ~20%, while the effect of the conventional thermal annealing processes is rather limited for silver nanowire networks. After flash light sintering, the morphology of the junction between the silver nanowires changes to a mixed-phase structure of the two individual nanowires. This facile and fast process for silver nanowire welding could be highly advantageous to the mass production of silver nanowire networks.

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13

Oya, Sumiko. "Study on effective luminance of flash light." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 80, Appendix (1996): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.80.appendix_249.

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14

IKEDA, Koichi, Katsuto FUJII, and Kiyoshige OBARA. "Effective Intensity of Xe white Flash Light." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 69, Appendix (1985): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.69.appendix_63.

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15

Lim, Sang-Yeon, and Seung-Man Park. "Infrared Characteristics of Some Flash Light Sources." Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics 27, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/kjop.2016.27.1.018.

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16

Brauers, Johannes, Stephan Helling, and Til Aach. "Multispectral Image Acquisition with Flash Light Sources." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 53, no. 3 (2009): 031103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2009.53.3.031103.

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17

Lee, Wei-Jen, Zhenyuan Zhang, Shiuan-Hau Rau, Tammy Gammon, Ben Johnson, and James Beyreis. "Arc Flash Light Intensity Measurement System Design." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 5 (September 2015): 4267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2015.2431638.

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18

Kuznetcov, V. A., and M. U. Liudaev. "Photometric Stereo Scanner with Flash Light Lamp." Informatsionno-upravliaiushchie sistemy (Information and Control Systems) 3, no. 94 (June 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn1684-8853.2018.3.25.

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19

Taya, Raiten, and Satoko Ohinata. "Afterimage oscillation after a brief light flash." Japanese Psychological Research 44, no. 2 (May 2002): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5884.00011.

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20

Gurney, A. M., and H. A. Lester. "Light-flash physiology with synthetic photosensitive compounds." Physiological Reviews 67, no. 2 (April 1987): 583–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1987.67.2.583.

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21

Cohen, Adolph I., and Christine Blazynski. "The determination of total cGMP levels in rod outer segments from intact toad photoreceptors in response to light superimposed on background and to consecutive flashes: A second light flash accelerates the dark recovery rate of cGMP levels in control media, but not in Na+-free, low Ca2+ medium." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (January 1993): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003230.

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AbstractIn previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash accelerates the recovery rate of total cGMP following an initial flash, but that this acceleration is blocked in a medium which is both sodium and calcium deficient. We also noted that calcium deficiency only elevated cGMP levels when sodium was present. For other experiments, we recorded ERG or aspartate isolated PIII responses from eyecups or retinas mounted on our quick-freeze apparatus, the light stimuli originating from the double light-bench of the latter. Whereas background illumination depressed cGMP, no detectable further cGMP loss accompanied the electrical response to a flash superimposed on the background.

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22

Xiaofei Fan and Gang Yao. "Modeling Transient Pupillary Light Reflex Induced by a Short Light Flash." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58, no. 1 (January 2011): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2080678.

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23

Ogawa, Naoya, and Kazunori Umeda. "Range Measurement Using a Digital Camera Flash." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 1 (February 20, 2007): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0077.

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Most methods for range measurement or three-dimensional shape reconstruction have required large equipment or a special environment. This paper proposes a method which obtains a range image easily in a general environment using only an off-the-shelf digital camera. Distance is calculated based on irradiance of scene lighted by the digital camera's flash using the fact that the intensity of reflected light of the flash is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the object. Irradiance is obtained by subtracting an image without the flash from an image with the flash. The image without the flash is used to obtain the reflectance ratio at each pixel. The intensity of reflected light of the flash is affected by the inclination of object surface. A method to estimate the inclination at each pixel is proposed which uses the changes in the irradiance of adjacent pixels. Inclination is formulated as the function of the rate of change, and is calculated based on this rate, which is obtained easily from the image. Color information is obtained simultaneously because visible light is used. Assumptions in the method are that the object surface has no specular reflection and the flash is set at the center of the lens. Experiments show that a range image is obtained roughly and that appropriate distance is obtained for inclined surfaces.

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24

Soewito, Bambang M., and Kartika K. Wardani. "PEMANFAATAN SINGLE FLASH EXTERNAL DENGAN GUIDE NUMBER RENDAH UNTUK PEMOTRETAN RUANG." REKAM: Jurnal Fotografi, Televisi, dan Animasi 11, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v11i1.1288.

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Dalam teknik fotografi, cahaya merupakan elemen dasar dalam pembentukan image. Pemahaman tata pencahayaan saat pemotretan mutlak diperlukan karena akan memengaruhi mutu gambar yang didapat. Optimalisasi pencahayaan pada objek dapat diperoleh dengan cara memahami karakternya. Hal itu bisa dilakukan dengan menggolongkan cahaya berdasarkan sumbernya atau mengenal sifat-sifatnya, juga memahami pola terapan cahaya tersebut. Pemotretan interior merupakan salah satu terapan fotografi yang mengeksplorasi detail objek dan suasana ruangan sehingga suatu saat bias saja dibutuhkan lampu tambahan yang berupa flash. Dalam memenuhi tujuan itu, beberapa di antaranya masih banyak yang membutuhkan penggunaan lebih dari satu titik lampu flash beserta aksesorisnya sehingga akan memengaruhi biaya operasionalnya juga. Pada penulisan ini akan disampaikan hasil percobaan tentang pemotretan ruang yang hanya menggunakan sebuah lampu flash eksternal berintensitas kecil, yang bisa dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk meningkatkan kualitas foto sehingga dirasa dapat menekan biaya operasionl pemotretan.Application of Single Flash External Using Low Guide Number for Interior Photography. Light is the basic element of photographic technique in formation of the image. Understanding of the lighting system is important when taking the picture, because it will affect the quality of the image. Optimization of the lighting on the object can be obtained by understanding its character. This can be done by categorize light based source, identify light feature and figure out the pattern of the light. Interior photography is one of applied photography which explores the details of the object and the circumstances of the room, so that it needs extra light in the form of flash. To obtain that objective, usually a much needed to use more than one point of the flash and its accessories, so it affect operational costs as well. In this paper, the author presents the results of experiments on interior photography, which by using a small intensity of light from external flash optimally can improve the quality of the image and also reduce costs of interior photo shoot’s operasional

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25

Kato, Mariko, Hideyuki Saio, and Izumi Hachisu. "A Light-curve Analysis of the X-Ray Flash First Observed in Classical Novae." Astrophysical Journal Letters 935, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): L15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac85c1.

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Abstract An X-ray flash, expected in a very early phase of a nova outburst, was at last detected with the SRG/eROSITA in the classical nova YZ Reticuli 2020. The observed flash timescale, luminosity, and blackbody temperature substantially constrain the nova model. We present light-curve models of the X-ray flash for various white dwarf (WD) masses and mass-accretion rates. We have found the WD mass in YZ Ret to be as massive as M WD ∼ 1.3 M ☉ with mass-accretion rates of M ̇ acc ∼ 5 × 10 − 10 – 5 × 10 − 9 M ☉ yr−1, including the case where the mass-accretion rate is changing between them, consistent with the SRG/eROSITA observation. The X-ray observation confirms the luminosity to be close to the Eddington limit at the X-ray flash. The occurrence of optically thick winds, with the photospheric radius exceeding ∼0.1 R ☉, terminated the X-ray flash of YZ Ret by strong absorption. This sets a constrain on the starting time of wind mass loss. A slight contamination of the hydrogen-rich envelope by the core material seems to be preferred to explain the very short duration of the X-ray flash.

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Pociask-Bialy, Malgorzata, and Radoslaw Maciejko. "QuickSun 830A module solar simulator. Study of mini PV modules." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900083.

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QS830A module solar simulator is applied to measure electrical parameters of standard PV modules based on mono/polycrystalline silicon solar cells, large format photovoltaic (PV) modules 150 cm x 220 cm, with effective measurements time of 2 ms / 4 ms, flush pulse duration 3 ms / 10 ms (one flash tube / two flash tubes), and non-uniformity less than 2%. In order to comply with the Class AAA tolerances of the standard IEC 60904-9 Edition 2.0 of QuickSun 830A simulators (Endeas Oy, Finland), proprietary optical system behind the light source filament has been developed for filtering spectrum and improving irradiance nonuniformity simultaneously. Non-uniformity parameter for 14% of total modules testing area, i.e. 0.65 m2, will be appointed in this work.

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27

Hochstrate, P., and K. Hamdorf. "Microvillar components of light adaptation in blowflies." Journal of General Physiology 95, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 891–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.95.5.891.

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The process of light adaptation in blowfly photoreceptors was analyzed using intracellular recording techniques and double and triple flash stimuli. Adapting flashes of increasing intensity caused a progressive reduction in the excitability of the photoreceptors, which became temporarily suppressed when 3 x 10(6) quanta were absorbed by the cell. This suppression was confirmed by subsequently applying an intense test flash that photoactivated a considerable fraction of the 10(8) visual pigment molecules in the cell. The period of temporary desensitization is referred to as the refractory period. The stimulus intensity to render the receptor cell refractory was found to be independent of the extracellular calcium concentration over a range of 10(-4) and 10(-2) M. During the refractory period (30-40 ms after the adapting flash) the cell appears to be "protected" against further light adaptation since light absorption during this period did not affect the recovery of the cell's excitability. Calculations showed that the number of quantum absorptions necessary to induce receptor refractoriness is just sufficient to photoactivate every microvillus of the rhabdomere. This coincidence led to the hypothesis that the refractoriness of the receptor cells is due to the refractoriness of the individual microvilli. The sensitivity of the receptor cells after relatively weak adapting flashes was reduced considerably more than could be accounted for by the microvilli becoming refractory. A quantitative analysis of these results suggests that a photoactivated microvillus induces a local adaptation over a relatively small area of the rhabdomere around it, which includes several tens of microvilli. After light adaptation with an intense flash, photoactivation of every microvillus by the absorption of a few quanta produced only a small receptor response whereas photoactivation of every rhodopsin molecule in every microvillus produced the maximum response. The excitatory efficiency of the microvilli therefore increases with the number of quanta that are absorbed simultaneously.

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Vanreusel, V., A. Gasparini, A. Giammanco, M. Cociorb, M. Pacitti, F. Galante, F. Vanhavere, G. Felici, and L. De Freitas Nascimento. "FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) FASTER THAN LIGHT: CAN SCINTILLATORS GUIDE ELECTRON FLASH EXPERIMENTS?" Physica Medica 94 (February 2022): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01456-9.

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29

Silva, Wanderson O., Bhawna Nagar, Mathieu Soutrenon, and Hubert H. Girault. "Banana split: biomass splitting with flash light irradiation." Chemical Science 13, no. 6 (2022): 1774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc06322g.

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Biomass splitting into gases and solids using flash light irradiation is introduced as an efficient photo-thermal process to photo-pyrolyze dried natural biomass powders to valuable syngas and conductive porous carbon (biochar).

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30

de Sousa, J. S., G. A. Farias, and J. P. Leburton. "Light-induced programming of Si nanocrystal flash memories." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 10 (March 10, 2008): 103508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2839326.

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31

Heyminck, S., C. Kasemann, R. Güsten, G. de Lange, and U. U. Graf. "The first-light APEX submillimeter heterodyne instrument FLASH." Astronomy & Astrophysics 454, no. 2 (July 11, 2006): L21—L24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065413.

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32

Fletcher, R. W. "Combining Light Sources and Using Fill-in Flash." Journal of Photographic Science 42, no. 5 (September 1994): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223638.1994.11738595.

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Bethany Halford. "Light beams 3-D print in a flash." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09901-scicon4.

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Kim, Jae-Woo, Je-Ho Ryu, and Jong-Ok Kim. "Deep gradual flash fusion for low-light enhancement." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 72 (October 2020): 102903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2020.102903.

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Efron, Robert. "ARTIFICIAL SYNTHESIS OF EVOKED RESPONSES TO LIGHT FLASH." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 112, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb26758.x.

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Meyer, Veronika R. "Science: A light flash from DNA (not RNA)." Analytical Chemistry 69, no. 21 (November 1997): 655A—656A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac971818e.

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Motluk, Alison. "Broken nerves fixed by a flash of light." New Scientist 200, no. 2682 (November 2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)62857-2.

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Casolino, M. "Observations of the Light Flash phenomenon in space." Advances in Space Research 38, no. 6 (January 2006): 1177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.110.

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Misiaszek, Lauren Ila. "Flash nonfiction: Light/questioning^*." Educational Philosophy and Theory 54, no. 13 (November 10, 2022): 2165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2144225.

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Yoon, Sang Min, Yeon Ju Lee, Gang-Joon Yoon, and Jungho Yoon. "Adaptive Total Variation Minimization-Based Image Enhancement from Flash and No-Flash Pairs." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/319506.

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We present a novel approach for enhancing the quality of an image captured from a pair of flash and no-flash images. The main idea for image enhancement is to generate a new image by combining the ambient light of the no-flash image and the details of the flash image. In this approach, we propose a method based on Adaptive Total Variation Minimization (ATVM) so that it has an efficient image denoising effect by preserving strong gradients of the flash image. Some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Lederhofer, R., J. Schnakenberg, and H. Stieve. "Stochastic Treatment of Bump Latency and Temporal Overlapping in Limulus Ventral Photoreceptors." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1991): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-3-421.

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We present quantum bumps obtained from flash experiments at the Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor under voltage clamp conditions. The results are shown and discussed in form of histograms for the latency, amplitude and net charge transfer (current time integral) of the bump current responses. We argue that the experimental latency histogram s cannot be described satisfactorily by chemical models if one assumes that not more than one photon is captured per flash. Instead of, one has to take into account the Poisson statistics of the captures of 0,1,2 ,... photons released by a single flash. We show that the inclusion of Poisson statistics makes the effective latency histograms of flash responses typically asymmetric and skewed to wards short latencies as compared to that of model histograms for one-photon responses. Our conjecture also implies that under our experimental conditions a fraction of up to 20% of the bump responses evoked by a flash should be suspected to be superpositions of two ore more one-photon responses which cannot be separated by any kind of evaluation analysis. Consequently, the average values of amplitudes and net charge transfers of the light-evoked bump responses are expected to be overestimated as compared to that of true one-photon responses. This hypothesis is confirm ed by a numerical simulation of light-evoked bump responses using experimentally recorded spontaneous bumps (at times larger than 1 s after the flash) as the simulation material. We show that the superposition of one-photon events in the light-evoked bump responses due to Poisson statistics settles the question why their amplitudes and net charge transfers are found to be larger than that of the spontaneous bumps. We suggest that true one-photon responses evoked by a light flash and spontaneous bumps start from the same activated rhodopsin state and take the same biochemical pathway.

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Vokurka, Karel. "ON THE SECOND LIGHT FLASH EMITTED FROM A SPARK-GENERATED BUBBLE OSCILLATING IN WATER." Acta Polytechnica 60, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2020.60.0268.

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The light emitted from the spark-generated bubbles oscillating in water is studied experimentally. Attention is paid to the emission of light from bubbles in the final stages of their first contraction and in the early stages of their following expansion. In some experiments, two close flashes of light were observed. The first light flash has already been studied in earlier works. In the present work, attention is paid to the second light flash. The relations between the first and second flashes of light and the size of the bubbles are studied and discussed in detail. It is assumed that these two light flashes are caused by two different processes taking place in the bubbles. The possible nature of these two processes is briefly discussed.

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Biernbaum, M. S., and M. D. Bownds. "Light-induced changes in GTP and ATP in frog rod photoreceptors. Comparison with recovery of dark current and light sensitivity during dark adaptation." Journal of General Physiology 85, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.85.1.107.

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Light decreases GTP and ATP levels in purified suspensions of physiologically active frog rod outer segments still attached to their inner segment ellipsoids (OS-IS). (a) The GTP decrease is slower in OS-IS (t1/2 = 40 s) than in isolated outer segments (t1/2 = 7 s), which suggests there is more effective buffering in OS-IS. (b) The GTP decrease becomes detectable only at intensities greater than those required to saturate the photoresponse. As the intensity of a continuous light is increased over 4 log units, GTP levels decrease linearly with log intensity by as much as 60%. GTP is reduced to steady intermediate levels during extended illumination of intermediate intensity. (c) At levels of illumination bleaching greater than 0.003% of the rhodopsin, a decrease in ATP levels becomes detectable. (d) Following a flash, GTP levels fall and then rise with a recovery time dependent on the intensity of the flash. (e) After both 0.2 and 2% flash bleaches, the recovery of GTP levels parallels the recovery of light sensitivity, which is slower than the recovery of the dark current. This raises the possibility of a link between GTP levels and light sensitivity.

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Nicol, G. D., and M. D. Bownds. "Calcium regulates some, but not all, aspects of light adaptation in rod photoreceptors." Journal of General Physiology 94, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.94.2.233.

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The role of calcium as a regulator of light adaptation in rod photoreceptors was examined by manipulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration through the use of the calcium ionophore A23187 and external Ca2+ buffers. These studies utilized suspensions of isolated and purified frog rod outer segments that retain their mitochondria-rich inner segments (OS-IS). Three criteria of the dark- and light-adapted flash response were characterized as a function of the Ca2+ concentration: (a) the time to peak, (b) the rate of recovery, and (c) the response amplitude or sensitivity. For all Ca2+ concentrations examined, the time to peak of the flash response was accelerated in the presence of background illumination, suggesting that mechanisms controlling this aspect of adaptation are independent of the Ca2+ concentration. The recovery kinetics of the flash response appeared to depend on the Ca2+ concentration. In 1 mM Ca2+-Ringer's and 300 nM Ca2+-Ringer's + A23187, background illumination enhanced the recovery rate of the response; however, in 10 and 100 nM Ca2+-Ringer's + A23187, the recovery rates were the same for dark- and light-adapted responses. This result implies that a critical level of Ca2+ may be necessary for background illumination to accelerate the recovery of the flash response. The sensitivity of the flash response in darkness (SDF) was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration. In 1 mM Ca2+-Ringer's SDF was 0.481 pA per bleached rhodopsin (Rh*); a background of four Rh*/s decreased SDF by half (Io). At 300 nM Ca2+ + A23187, SDF was reduced to 0.0307 pA/Rh* and Io increased to 60 Rh*/s. At 100 nM Ca2+ + A23187, SDF was reduced further to 0.0025 pA/Rh* and Io increased to 220 Rh*/s. In 10 nM Ca2+ + A23187, SDF was lowered to 0.00045 pA/Rh* and Io raised to 760 RhI/s. Using these values of SDF and Io for each respective Ca2+ concentration, the dependence of the flash sensitivity on background intensity could be described by the Weber-Fechner relation. Under low Ca2+ conditions + A23187, bright background illumination could desensitize the flash response. These results are consistent with the idea that the concentration of Ca2+ may set the absolute magnitude of response sensitivity in darkness, and that there exist mechanisms capable of adapting the photoresponse in the absence of significant changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration.

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Pepperberg, David R., David G. Birch, and Donald C. Hood. "Photoresponses of human rods in vivo derived from paired-flash electroretinograms." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800008774.

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AbstractIn the human eye, domination of the electroretinogram (ERG) by the b−wave and other postreceptor components ordinarily obscures all but the first few milliseconds of the rod photoreceptor response to a stimulating flash. However, recovery of the rod response after a bright test flash can be analyzed using a paired-flash paradigm in which the test flash, presented at time zero, is followed at time t by a bright probe flash that rapidly saturates the rods (Birch et al., 1995). In ERG experiments on normal subjects, the hypothesis that a similar method can be used to obtain the full time course of the rod response to test flashes of subsaturating intensity was tested. Rod-only responses to probe flashes presented at varying times t after the test flash were used to derive a family of amplitudes A(t) that represented the putative rod response to the test flash. These rod-only responses to the probe flash were obtained by computational subtraction of the cone-mediated component of each probe flash response. With relatively weak test flashes (11–15 scot-td-s), the time course of the rod response to the test flash derived in this manner was consistent with a four-stage impulse response function of time-to-peak ≃170 ms. A(170), the amplitude of the derived response at 170 ms, increased with test flash intensity (Itest) to a maximum value Amo and exhibited a dependence on Itest given approximately by the relation, A(170)/Amo = 1 - exp(-kItest), where k = 0.092 (scot-td-s)−1. In steady background light, the falling (i.e. recovery) phase of the derived response began earlier, and the sensitivity parameter k was reduced several-fold from its dark-adapted value. As the sensitivity, kinetics, and light-adaptation properties of the derived response correspond closely with those of photocurrent flash responses previously obtained from isolated rods in vitro, it was concluded that the response derived here from the human ERG approximates the course of the massed in vivo rod response to a test flash.

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Bassler, Bonnie L. "From Biochemistry to Genetics in a Flash of Light." Genetics 215, no. 2 (June 2020): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303285.

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The Genetics Society of America (GSA) Medal recognizes researchers who have made outstanding contributions to the field of genetics in the past 15 years. The 2019 GSA Medal is awarded to Bonnie L. Bassler of Princeton University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in recognition of her groundbreaking studies of bacterial chemical communication and regulation of group behaviors.

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Park, Sung-Hyeon, and Hak-Sung Kim. "Flash light sintering of nickel nanoparticles for printed electronics." Thin Solid Films 550 (January 2014): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.075.

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Mushrif, Sujata, Himika Gupta-Krishnatry, and Purna Kurkure. "“Flash a light for healthy eyes-sight the white”." Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2, no. 2 (2017): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phoj.2017.11.088.

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Venkataramani, Sowmya, Kristina M. Davitt, Heng Xu, Jiayi Zhang, Yoon-Kyu Song, Barry W. Connors, and Arto V. Nurmikko. "Semiconductor ultra-violet light-emitting diodes for flash photolysis." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 160, no. 1 (February 2007): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.08.004.

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Tsembelis, K., M. J. Burchell, M. J. Cole, and N. Margaritis. "Residual temperature measurements of light flash under hypervelocity impact." International Journal of Impact Engineering 35, no. 11 (November 2008): 1368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.09.004.

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