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Journal articles on the topic 'Light intensity modulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Vaz, Aldrin Claytus. "Colour Light Intensity based Modulation Scheme for Visible Light Communication Employing Turbo Codes." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP3 (February 28, 2020): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp3/20201351.

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2

Ping Hu, Ping Hu, Guangzhen Li Guangzhen Li, Juan Huo Juan Huo, Yuanlin Zheng Yuanlin Zheng, and and Xianfeng Chen and Xianfeng Chen. "Intensity modulation of light by light in a periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate crystal." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 12 (2015): 121902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.121902.

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3

Lukyanovich, P. A., B. A. Zon, A. A. Kunin, and S. N. Pankova. "Light intensity modulation in phototherapy." Laser Physics 25, no. 4 (February 26, 2015): 045602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/25/4/045602.

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4

Zhisheng, Yun, Li Yulin, Liu Jifang, and He Zhengquan. "Phase-only modulation with a spatial light modulator controlled by writing light intensity." Optics Communications 139, no. 4-6 (July 1997): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(97)00053-9.

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5

Latychevskaia, Tatiana. "Wavefront Modulation and Beam Shaping into Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Intensity Distributions." Photonics 8, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060179.

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In this study the methods of three-dimensional (3D) wavefront intensity modulation by employing contrast-inverted holography, previously introduced as Gabor inverted holography, are further investigated. The present study provides the recipes for creating 3D wavefront intensity modulations using phase-only and amplitude-only modulators and compares the results. The 3D wavefront modulation using spherical waves is also demonstrated, and the miniaturization of 3D intensity beams is discussed; it is shown that both the resolution and the size of the created 3D structures are ultimately given by the wavelength of the employed radiation. The manuscript also addresses the quality of the formed 3D intensity curves and determines the parameters that provide the best smooth appearance of the 3D curves. The presented methods of 3D intensity wavefront modulation can be realized for all kinds of waves: light, X-ray, electron, etc, provided the modulator can be manufactured for the corresponding wavelength. The methods of 3D intensity wavefront modulation can be applied in various techniques: lithography, micro-robotics, particle trapping, etc.

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6

Wu, Zi-Yang, Xiao-Yu Liu, Jiang-Shan Wang, and Jiao Wang. "Modulation index dependence of intensity modulation bandwidth in visible light communications." Optics Letters 43, no. 19 (September 17, 2018): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.004570.

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7

Celik, Yasin, and Aydin Akan. "Subcarrier intensity modulation for MIMO visible light communications." Optics Communications 412 (April 2018): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.12.002.

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8

Ahn, Kang-Il, and Jae Kyun Kwon. "Color Intensity Modulation for Multicolored Visible Light Communications." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 24 (December 2012): 2254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2226570.

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9

Kwon, Il Bum, Chi Yeop Kim, Dong Jin Yoon, Jeong Min Seo, and Jung Ju Lee. "Multiplexing of FBG Sensor by Light Source Intensity Modulation." Key Engineering Materials 270-273 (August 2004): 2134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.270-273.2134.

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10

Fu, Yili, Haiting Di, and Renqiang Liu. "Light intensity modulation fiber-optic sensor for curvature measurement." Optics & Laser Technology 42, no. 4 (June 2010): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2009.10.009.

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11

Yang, Cheng-Kai, Xu-Ping Wang, Fei Zhang, Hua-Di Zhang, Bing Liu, Jing Li, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Yu-Guo Yang, Xian-Shun Lv, and Lei Wei. "Electro-Optic Intensity Modulation in Fe-Doped KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100870.

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KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 and Fe-doped KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 crystals were grown by the top-seeded solution growth method (TSSG). Fe ion doping significantly improves the electro-optic properties of cubic KTN crystals. We describe their electro-optic modulation theory and experimental research. The electro-optic modulation waveform deduced by theoretical calculation is basically consistent with the waveform measured in the experiment. We observed the attenuation of light modulation under multiple voltage cycles. The modulation curve of the crystal is inconsistent when the crystal voltage is boosting and bucking. Under the same voltage condition, the higher the incident light power, the faster the modulation depth attenuation. In this experiment, the size of the KTN crystal chip is 6 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm. We obtain the effective electro-optic coefficient as s11 − s12 = 1.34 × 10−15 m2/V2; the half-wave voltage near the Curie temperature is 39 V.

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12

Kim, Yong-hyeon, and Yeon-ho Chung. "Experimental demonstration of light sensor-based visible light communications using time shift light intensity modulation." Optical Engineering 55, no. 9 (September 2, 2016): 090501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.55.9.090501.

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13

Hsu, Tsung-Chun, Ching-Heng Lu, Yu-Ting Huang, Wen-Pin Shih, and Wen-Shiang Chen. "Concentric polymer-dispersed liquid crystal rings for light intensity modulation." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 169, no. 2 (October 2011): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2011.01.018.

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14

Cochenour, Brandon, Shawn O’Connor, and Linda Mullen. "Suppression of forward-scattered light using high-frequency intensity modulation." Optical Engineering 53, no. 5 (December 16, 2013): 051406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.53.5.051406.

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15

Kanojka, A. I. "Amplitude modulation of radiation by coupled resonators." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-6-18-24.

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In this paper, we describe a method that allows one to realize highly efficient amplitude modulation of radiation at the output of electro-optical laser switches with two coupled resonators, in which electro-optical elements are located both in two split arms and in every arm of a multipath interferometer with combined channels with a control voltage 2 times lower than in existing laser switches. Moreover, the electro-optical elements located in the two split arms of a multipath interferometer with combined channels, with one passage of the light flux through the electro-optical element, must make the opposite controlled changes in the phase difference of the interfering light beams. Therefore, for such electro-optical switches with two coupled resonators the value of the required electric power will be, respectively, 2 times less than that of the existing ones, which significantly expands their operating frequency range. In this case, a laser switch with electrooptical elements located in the two split arms of a multipath interferometer has an asymmetric dependence of the output radiation intensity on the change in the phase difference of the interfering light beams relative to the zero value of the light intensity. A laser switch with electro-optical elements located on all arms of a multipath interferometer with combined channels has a symmetric dependence of the output radiation intensity on the magnitude of the phase difference of the interfering light beams relative to the zero value of the light intensity. In addition, due to the coherent summation of the amplitudes of the interfering light waves, such laser electro-optical shutters also have amplification of radiation with a resonant wavelength.

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16

Francis, Henry, Si Chen, Kai-Jun Che, Mark Hopkinson, and Chaoyuan Jin. "Photonic Crystal Cavity-Based Intensity Modulation for Integrated Optical Frequency Comb Generation." Crystals 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100493.

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A simple scheme to generate an integrated, nanoscale optical frequency comb (OFC) is numerically studied. In this study, all optical intensity modulators based on photonic crystal (PhC) cavities are cascaded both in series and parallel. By adjusting the modulation parameters, such as the repetition rate, phase, and coupling efficiency of the modulating wave, it is possible to produce combs with a variety of different characteristics. Unique to PhC intensity modulators, in comparison with standard lithium niobate modulators, is the ability to control the amplitude of the light via a cavity rather than controlling the phase through one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This opens up modulation-based OFC generation to new possibilities in both nanoscale operation and cavity-based schemes.

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17

Li, Kun, Suhui Yang, Xin Wang, and Zhuo Li. "High-Power Broadband Frequency Chirped Intensity-Modulated Single-Frequency 1064-nm Laser." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134450.

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Optical carried microwave radar (OCMR), combining the advantages of lidar and microwave radar, uses an intensity-modulated laser beam as the medium to detect the distance and velocity of objects. In order to achieve a high ranging resolution at long distance, a high-power frequency chirped intensity-modulated light source at a 1064-nm wavelength was developed. A low-power narrow-linewidth 1064-nm laser beam was input to a Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (EOM), and the frequency of the EOM was tuned from 10 MHz to 2.1 GHz. The output from the EOM was coupled to a laser-diode-pumped ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA). A maximum output power of 29.5 W was achieved from the YDFA. We measured the frequency characteristics of the modulated laser beams before and after amplification, respectively. The amplification process did not bring any obvious degeneration of the modulation in terms of the bandwidth, frequency stability, chirping linearity, and modulation depth. Our research presents a new approach of obtaining a high-power broad-band intensity-modulated light source for OCMR.

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18

Shcherbakov, Vladislav V., Anatoly F. Solodkov, and Anatoly A. Zadernovsky. "TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT INTENSITY MODULATION SIGNALS IN ANALOG FIBER-OPTIC LINKS." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2016.08.009.

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19

Castellini, P., S. Cecchini, L. Stroppa, and N. Paone. "Adaptive illumination through spatial modulation of light intensity and image inversion." Measurement Science and Technology 24, no. 5 (April 4, 2013): 055401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/5/055401.

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20

Sekine, Norihiko, and Iwao Hosako. "Intensity modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers under external light injection." Applied Physics Letters 95, no. 20 (November 16, 2009): 201106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3264965.

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21

Shieh, Han-Ping D., Yen-Lin Chen, and Cheng-Heng Wu. "Multilevel Recording in Erasable Phase-Change Media by Light Intensity Modulation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 40, Part 1, No. 3B (March 30, 2001): 1850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.40.1850.

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22

Tanaka, Kunimaro, Lyuichiro Murakami, Hiroki Oshima, Koichi Yamada, Takashi Tokunaga, Yutaka Kurihara, Daisuke Muramatsu, and Teruo Furukawa. "Multilevel Recording with Multilayer Magneto Optical Media by Light Intensity Modulation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 41, Part 1, No. 3B (March 30, 2002): 1647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.41.1647.

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23

Li, Yanli, Wei Yan, Song Hu, JinHua Feng, and Jian Wang. "Dual-Channel Light Intensity Modulation Method for Focusing in Projection Lithography." IEEE Photonics Journal 8, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2508419.

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24

Barkley, Stuart J., Joel E. Lynch, Eric J. Miklaszewski, Jonathan M. Dilger, William F. Crespo, James B. Michael, Shankar Subramaniam, and Travis R. Sippel. "Microwave-assisted modulation of light emission intensity in alkali-pyrotechnic plumes." Combustion and Flame 225 (March 2021): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.11.005.

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25

Hu, Hao, Li Qiong Zhong, and Da Bin Zhang. "A New Fiber Different Pressure Sensor Based on Intensity Modulation and Researched of Analytical Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1183.

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This paper presents a fiber different pressure sensor based on intensity modulation,This sensor is composed of number of pressure sensing probes, the form of each probe is used to the fiber axis symmetric distribution, Using the analytical method to establish a mathematical model of light intensity modulation function M, this mathematical model showed a ratio of the received light intensity and entered light intensity, the ratio is mainly composed of the effective receiving area S and the reflected light cone end diameter R, finally using the simulation method to calculate the output light intensity ratio curve of the receiving fiber when the distance parameter was changed, and imposed a range of pressure P on the elasticity of thin slices, the results showed that the value of has little effect on the sensor measuring range. Finally, done the level monitoring experiment in one container, and obtained that the change of output signal and liquid level had the same trend.Studies have shown that, by this structure of the differential pressure sensor designed, can be achieved for different pressure range and accuracy detection.

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26

Li, Zhongliang, Xiangzhao Wang, Peng Bu, Bingjie Huang, and Defeng Zheng. "Sinusoidal phase-modulating laser diode interferometer insensitive to the intensity modulation of the light source." Optik 120, no. 16 (November 2009): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2008.03.015.

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27

COLE, RICHARD W. "LIGHT EMITTING DIODES IN BIO-IMAGING." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 02 (June 2011): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006611.

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can and are currently integrated into light microscopes. They have numerous advantages as illumination sources. Most notably, they provide intensity (brightness) and spectral control during bio-imaging. For transmitted light imaging, LEDs can replace the traditional tungsten filament bulb, while offering longer life, little-to-no color temperature shift resulting from an intensity change, reduced emission in the infrared region, (a property important for live cell imaging), and reduced cost of ownership. For fluorescent imaging, in which the typical illumination sources are mercury or xenon lamps, LEDs offer the advantages of a longer lifespan, greater spatial and temporal stability, elimination of the need for mechanical shutters and neutral density filters, significantly lower cost of ownership, and reduction of photon dose at the specimen. Additionally, LEDs permit vibration-free, high-speed spectral and temporal modulation. This modulation allows more information to be obtained for a given photon dose.

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28

Nikishin, Evgeniy V., Vladimir Ya Grishaev, and Sergey M. Muryumin. "On the influence of light intensity on the limits of applicability of modulated optical signals recovery method." Zhurnal Srednevolzhskogo Matematicheskogo Obshchestva 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2079-6900.21.201903.363-371.

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The kinetics of silicon photoconductivity with recombination centers of gold is investigated. If the frequency of light intensity modulation is less than the inverse value of the main charge carriers’ lifetime, the functions describing the dependence of light intensity on time and the dependence of the photocurrent on time agree within some factor. At high frequencies of modulation of light intensity distortions arise. The dependences of light intensity on time and photocurrent on time become different. In this case, the effect of the recombination rate on the function of the variable component of the photocurrent is not significant. Basically, this function is determined by the dependence of the generation rate on time. At high frequencies, it is possible to "restore" the shape of the optical pulse using the electric pulse of the photoresistor. The dependences on the frequency of phase, linear and nonlinear distortions arising in the "restoration" of the dependence of the light intensity on time are obtained. The results are given for different values of the rate of charge carrier generation.

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29

Cadenas, I. D., E. S. Reifsnider, and D. Tranchina. "Modulation of synaptic transfer between retinal cones and horizontal cells by spatial contrast." Journal of General Physiology 104, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 567–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.104.3.567.

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We studied the influence of steady annular light on the kinetics and sensitivity of horizontal cell (HC) responses to modulation of the intensity of small concentric spots in the turtle retina. As shown by previous investigators, when the intensity of the annulus was equal to the mean spot intensity, spot response kinetics were the same as those for the modulation of spatially uniform light. Turning off the annulus attenuated dramatically high-frequency flicker sensitivity and enhanced somewhat low-frequency sensitivity. This phenomenon reflects a modulation of synaptic transfer between cones and second-order neurons that is mediated by cones, and it will be referred to as cone-mediated surround enhancement (CMSE). Our main results are as follows: (a) The change in test-spot response sensitivity and kinetics upon dimming a steady surrounding annulus is a consequence of the change in spatial contrast rather than change in overall light level. (b) Introduction of moderate contrast between the mean spot intensity and steady surrounding light intensity causes a marked change in spot response kinetics. (c) The dependence of spot response kinetics on surrounding light can be described by a phenomenological model in which the steady state gain and the time constant of one or two single-stage, low-pass filters increase with decreasing annular light intensity (d) The effect of surrounding light on spot responses of a given HC is not determined by change in the steady component of the membrane potential of that cell. (e) Light outside the receptive field of an HC can affect that cell's spot response kinetics. (f) In an expanding annulus experiment, the distance over which steady annular light affects spot response kinetics varies among HCs and can be quite different even between two cells with closely matched receptive field sizes. (g) The degree of CMSE is correlated with HC receptive field size. This correlation suggests that part of the enhancement mechanism is located in the HC. Taken together, our results suggest the involvement of the inner retina in CMSE.

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30

Azuma, Takeo, Kenya Uomori, Kunio Nobori, and Atsushi Morimura. "Development of a video-rate rangefinder system using light intensity modulation with scanning laser light." Systems and Computers in Japan 37, no. 3 (2006): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.20423.

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31

Naser, Hayder. "optical patterns controlled by computerized spatial light modulator." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2020.25.2.1075.

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In this work, a contemporary optical system is designed using a technology of spatial light modulator (SLM). This system is depending on the ability of altering light beam into different optical patterns according to a signal feedback injected computationally to the SLM. The effects of control parameters on the SLM operation are studied such us brightness (B) which determines the constant DC voltage applied to SLM pixels, and contrast (C) determines the maximum AC voltage amount that can be applied to the SLM. The influences of the transmission linearity of image intensity are controlled by the gamma adjustment which can be used to align non linearity of image intensity. The grey scale is used to control and imagine which signals corresponding to grey levels and image location. The resolution and orientation of the obtained images are altered by the screen format to make optical experiments more satisfied, hence different ratios of amplitude and phase modulation can be understood.

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32

Zhou, Bo, Zhong Yan Liu, and Long Rao. "A Sinusoidal Grating Design and Performance Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1027.

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Obtain 3-D profilometry of object by phase in optics 3-D techniques, need to project sinusoidal grating on the surface of object measured. To improve the contrast intensity of projection sinusoidal pattern, introduce pulse-width modulation method of electrical engineering to design sinusoidal grating. Firstly, analyze the feasibility of designing sinusoidal grating using high frequency triangular waveforms modulating sinusoidal waveform. Describe light intensity distribution function of 3-D measurement. Give instantiation of creating sinusoidal grating. Finally, analyze frequency spectrum performance for the sinusoidal grating.

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33

Zhang, Wen, Yan Zhao, Da Ha, Wei Cai, and Ping Wang. "Light-addressable potentiometric sensor based on precise light intensity modulation for eliminating measurement error caused by light source." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 185 (October 2012): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.07.012.

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34

Yong, Zehui, Zefeng Chen, Yihang Chen, Chi Wah Leung, Helen Lai Wa Chan, Bo Li, and Yu Wang. "TEMPORAL MODULATION OF LIGHT INTENSITY VIA 1D TIME-VARIANT PHOTONIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 135 (2013): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier12112202.

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35

du Plessis, M., H. Aharoni, and L. W. Snyman. "Spatial and intensity modulation of light emission from a silicon LED matrix." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14, no. 6 (June 2002): 768–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2002.1003087.

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36

Wong, Wesley P., and Ken Halvorsen. "Beyond the frame rate: measuring high-frequency fluctuations with light-intensity modulation." Optics Letters 34, no. 3 (January 26, 2009): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.000277.

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37

Ruckmongathan, Temkar N. "43.3: Intensity Modulation of Light Sources for Gray Scales in Projection Displays." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 43, no. 1 (June 2012): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-0159.2012.tb05850.x.

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38

Zhao, Yulong, Cun Li, Mengmeng Hao, Rongjun Cheng, Xiaole Fan, and Pei Chen. "Optical micro‐electro‐mechanical‐system pressure sensor based on light intensity modulation." Micro & Nano Letters 10, no. 10 (October 2015): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2015.0189.

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39

Goldberg, L., and D. Mehuys. "Blue light intensity modulation in a frequency doubled tapered amplifier modelocked laser." Electronics Letters 30, no. 16 (August 4, 1994): 1296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940907.

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40

An, Hea-Ja, Kyung-Won Kim, Mun-Ho Ryu, Han-Yeong Oh, Nam-Gyun Kim, and Kyoung-Jun Park. "Smartphone-Driven Low-Power Light-Emitting Device." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5076965.

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Low-level light (laser) therapy (LLLT) has been widely researched in the recent past. Existing LLLT studies were performed based on laser. Recently, studies using LED have increased. This study presents a smartphone-driven low-power light-emitting device for use in colour therapy as an alternative medicine. The device consists of a control unit and a colour probe. The device is powered by and communicates with a smartphone using USB On-The-Go (OTG) technology. The control unit controls emitting time and intensity of illumination with the configuration value of a smartphone application. Intensity is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) without feedback. A calibration is performed to resolve a drawback of no feedback. To calibrate, intensity is measured in every 10 percent PWM output. PWM value is linearly calibrated to obtain accurate intensity. The device can control the intensity of illumination, and so, it can find application in varied scenarios.

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41

Xiao, Yong, Ming Jun Chen, Wen Ming Zhang, Ming Quan Li, and Jian Cheng. "Research on Light Intensity Modulation within KDP Crystal Based on Different Width of Gaussian Repaired Contour of Surface Defects." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.234.

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Surface micro-defects of large diameter KDP crystal have great influence on its laser damage threshold. The method of micro-mechanical repairing can inhibit growth of the laser damage obviously. The paper adopts Fourier modal method to periodically process Gaussian repaired contour and established the light intensity modulation model of the Gaussian contour inside the crystal. Based on the model, the paper researches the influences on the light intensity inside the crystal made by Gaussian repaired contour with different width. Calculation results show that when the curve depth is fixed, the maximum relative light intensity decreases gradually as the curve width increases. Through experiments of micro-mechanical repairing and laser irradiation, we find that the laser damage threshold of Gaussian repaired contour with 20μm depth and 400μm width is 3ω, 5J/cm2. Meanwhile, experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. Keyword: KDP crystal, Gaussian repaired contour, internal intensity modulation, Fourier modal method, surface defect

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42

J Stevenson, Andrew, Malcolm B Gray, Charles C Harb, David E McClelland, and Hans-A. Bachor. "Interferometers with Internal and External Phase Modulation: Experimental and Analytical Comparison." Australian Journal of Physics 48, no. 6 (1995): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph950971.

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Optical intensity noise in a light source easily degrades the sensitivity of a shot-noise-limited interferometer which is directly detecting low frequency phase or displacement variations. In this paper we describe and compare two experimental methods in which we use high frequency optical phase modulation to shift low frequency phase signals in an interferometer to a shot noise limited region of the photocurrent spectrum. This phase modulation is applied either within the interferometer arms-internal modulation-or in a local oscillator beam tapped off the main interferometer and coherently recombined with the interferometer output-external modulation. he photocurrent is mixed electronically with the high frequency modulating waveform to extract the signal information free from laser intensity noise. In our experiments, we have been able to detect interferometrically low frequency signals with true shot-noise-limited sensitivity. We find, theoretically and experimentally, that the interferometric sensitivity achievable in each scheme depends critically on non-ideal factors, such as imperfect interferometric fringe contrast and electronic noise in the detectors or amplifiers. This paper examines the relative merits and operating requirements of both modulation schemes in practical interferometers.

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43

Prayag, Abhishek, Mirjam Münch, Daniel Aeschbach, Sarah Chellappa, and Claude Gronfier. "Light Modulation of Human Clocks, Wake, and Sleep." Clocks & Sleep 1, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep1010017.

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Light, through its non-imaging forming effects, plays a dominant role on a myriad of physiological functions, including the human sleep–wake cycle. The non-image forming effects of light heavily rely on specific properties such as intensity, duration, timing, pattern, and wavelengths. Here, we address how specific properties of light influence sleep and wakefulness in humans through acute effects, e.g., on alertness, and/or effects on the circadian timing system. Of critical relevance, we discuss how different characteristics of light exposure across the 24-h day can lead to changes in sleep–wake timing, sleep propensity, sleep architecture, and sleep and wake electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra. Ultimately, knowledge on how light affects sleep and wakefulness can improve light settings at home and at the workplace to improve health and well-being and optimize treatments of chronobiological disorders.

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Kotov, O. I., L. B. Liokumovich, V. M. Nikolaev, V. Yu Petrun’kin, and Zekhraui Buabid. "Conversion of phase modulation of light into intensity modulation by means of an external fiber-optic interferometer." Technical Physics Letters 23, no. 5 (May 1997): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1261687.

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Kim, Sun-Je, Hansik Yun, Sungwook Choi, Jeong-Geun Yun, Kyungsoo Park, Sun Jae Jeong, Seung-Yeol Lee, et al. "Dynamic phase-change metafilm absorber for strong designer modulation of visible light." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0264.

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AbstractEffective dynamic modulation of visible light properties has been significantly desired for advanced imaging and sensing technologies. In particular, phase-change materials have attracted much attention as active material platforms owing to their broadband tunability of optical dielectric functions induced by the temperature-dependent phase-changes. However, their uses for visible light modulators are still limited to meet multi-objective high performance owing to the low material quality factor and active tunability in the visible regime. Here, a design strategy of phase-change metafilm absorber is demonstrated by making the use of the material drawbacks and extending design degree of freedom. By engineering tunability of effective anisotropic permittivity tensor of VO2-Ag metafilm around near-unity absorption conditions, strong dynamic modulation of reflection wave is achieved with near-unity modulation depth at desired wavelength regions without sacrificing bandwidth and efficiency. By leveraging effective medium theory of metamaterial and coupled mode theory, the intuitive design rules and theoretical backgrounds are suggested. It is also noteworthy that the dynamic optical applications of intensity modulation, coloring, and polarization rotation are enabled in a single device. By virtue of ultrathin flat configuration of a metafilm absorber, design extensibility of reflection spectrum is also verified. It is envisioned that our simple and powerful strategy would play a robust role in development of miniaturized light modulating pixels and a variety of photonic and optoelectronic applications.

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Kim, Sun-Je, Inki Kim, Sungwook Choi, Hyojin Yoon, Changhyun Kim, Yohan Lee, Chulsoo Choi, et al. "Reconfigurable all-dielectric Fano metasurfaces for strong full-space intensity modulation of visible light." Nanoscale Horizons 5, no. 7 (2020): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nh00139b.

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Shvyrv, B. A., and D. A. Timonov. "SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION ON ANDROID OS OF THE INFORMATION LEAK DETECTOR BY MEANS OF VISIBLE LIGHT MODULATION." Journal of the Ural Federal District. Information security, no. 2 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/secur200201.

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The transmission of information by means of visible light intensity modulation is confirmed by the works of many authors and the existence of a Li-Fi data transmission network. The wide-spread use of led lighting controlled by controllers potentially creates a channel for acoustic information leakage through visible light modulation. In this paper, the authors consider the block diagram of the device for detecting the channel of information leakage. The authors sug-gest using a modern smartphone running Android OS to determine the modulation of the re-fresh rate detected by the smartphone’s light sensor

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De Bruycker, Jorik, Willem Raes, Stanislav Zvánovec, and Nobby Stevens. "Polarization Differential Visible Light Communication: Theory and Experimental Evaluation." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 5661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195661.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) has received substantial research attention in the last decade. The vast majority of VLC focuses on the modulation of the transmitted light intensity. In this work, however, the intensity is kept constant while the polarization direction is deployed as a carrier of information. Demodulation is realized by using a differential receiver pair equipped with mutually orthogonal polarizers. An analytical expression to evaluate the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as a function of the rotation angle of the receiver is derived. It is demonstrated that the signal quality can deteriorate heavily with receiver orientation when using a single differential receiver pair. A way to overcome this drawback using two receiver pairs is described. The analytical expression is experimentally verified through measurements with two different receiver setups. This work demonstrates the potential of polarization-based modulation in the field of VLC, where receiver rotation robustness has been achieved by means of a dedicated quadrant photodiode receiver.

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Sheng, Li Wen, Yan Ling Xiong, Wen Long Yang, Shuo Duo Li, Xue Ming Jin, and Li Wang. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Multiplexing System Based on FMCW." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.232.

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The addressing principle of distributed optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor based on frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) multiplexing technology was studied. The effect of grating position information, scanning time and scanning frequency range on the spectrum signals was analyzed by simulation. The FMCW multiplexing system, which was composed of the arbitrary waveform generator, light intensity modulator and multiplier etc, was established and the certifications were delivered by the experimental system.

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Mohammad, Tarek, Siyuan He, and Ridha Ben Mrad. "Analysis of Optical Diffraction Profiles Created by Phase-Modulating MEMS Micromirror Arrays." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080891.

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This paper presents modeling and analysis of light diffraction and light-intensity modulation performed by an optical phased array (OPA) system based on metal-coated silicon micromirrors. The models can be used in the design process of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based OPA device to predict its optical performance in terms of its field of view, response, angular resolution, and long-range transmission. Numerical results are derived using an extended model for the 1st-order diffracted light intensity modulation due to phase shift. The estimations of the optical characteristics are utilized in the designs of an OPA system capable of active phase modulation and an OPA system capable of array pitch tuning. Both designs are realized using the Multi-User MEMS Processes (PolyMUMPs) in which polysilicon is used as structural material for the MEMS-actuated mirrors. The experiments are performed to evaluate the optical performance of the prototypes. The tests show that the individually actuated micromirrors, which act as phase shifters, can transmit the most optical power along the 1st-order diffracted beam by actively changing their out-of-plane positions. In addition, the 1st-order diffracted beam with high optical intensity can be steered for distance measurement.

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