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Journal articles on the topic 'Light orbital angular momentum'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Barnett, Stephen M., Mohamed Babiker, and Miles J. Padgett. "Optical orbital angular momentum." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2087 (2017): 20150444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0444.

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We present a brief introduction to the orbital angular momentum of light, the subject of our theme issue and, in particular, to the developments in the 13 years following the founding paper by Allen et al. (Allen et al. 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45 , 8185 ( doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8185 )). The papers by our invited authors serve to bring the field up to date and suggest where developments may take us next. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.

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2

Ritsch-Marte, Monika. "Orbital angular momentum light in microscopy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2087 (2017): 20150437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0437.

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Light with a helical phase has had an impact on optical imaging, pushing the limits of resolution or sensitivity. Here, special emphasis will be given to classical light microscopy of phase samples and to Fourier filtering techniques with a helical phase profile, such as the spiral phase contrast technique in its many variants and areas of application. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.

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3

Zhou, Hailong, Jianji Dong, Jian Wang, et al. "Orbital Angular Momentum Divider of Light." IEEE Photonics Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2016.2645896.

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4

KIM, Teun-Teun. "Spin-Orbital Angular Momentum of Light and Its Application." Physics and High Technology 29, no. 10 (2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.29.037.

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Like the eletron, the photon carries spin and orbital angular momentum caused by the polarization and the spatial phase distribution of light, respectively. Since the first observation of an optical vortex beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM), the use of an optical vortex beam has led to further studies on the light-matter interaction, the quantum nature of light, and a number of applications. In this article, using a metasurface with geometrical phase, we introduce the fundamental origins and some important applications of light with spin-orbit angular momentum as examples, including optical vortex tweezer and quantum entanglement of the spin-orbital angular momentum.

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5

Wei Gongxiang, 魏功祥, 刘晓娟 Liu Xiaojuan, 刘云燕 Liu Yunyan, and 付圣贵 Fu Shenggui. "Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum of Light." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 51, no. 10 (2014): 100004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop51.100004.

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6

Barnett, Stephen M., and L. Allen. "Orbital angular momentum and nonparaxial light beams." Optics Communications 110, no. 5-6 (1994): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(94)90269-0.

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7

Magaña-Loaiza, Omar S., Mohammad Mirhosseini, Robert M. Cross, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani, and Robert W. Boyd. "Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry with twisted light." Science Advances 2, no. 4 (2016): e1501143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501143.

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The rich physics exhibited by random optical wave fields permitted Hanbury Brown and Twiss to unveil fundamental aspects of light. Furthermore, it has been recognized that optical vortices are ubiquitous in random light and that the phase distribution around these optical singularities imprints a spectrum of orbital angular momentum onto a light field. We demonstrate that random fluctuations of intensity give rise to the formation of correlations in the orbital angular momentum components and angular positions of pseudothermal light. The presence of these correlations is manifested through distinct interference structures in the orbital angular momentum–mode distribution of random light. These novel forms of interference correspond to the azimuthal analog of the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect. This family of effects can be of fundamental importance in applications where entanglement is not required and where correlations in angular position and orbital angular momentum suffice. We also suggest that the azimuthal Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect can be useful in the exploration of novel phenomena in other branches of physics and astrophysics.

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8

Franke-Arnold, Sonja. "Optical angular momentum and atoms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2087 (2017): 20150435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0435.

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Any coherent interaction of light and atoms needs to conserve energy, linear momentum and angular momentum. What happens to an atom’s angular momentum if it encounters light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM)? This is a particularly intriguing question as the angular momentum of atoms is quantized, incorporating the intrinsic spin angular momentum of the individual electrons as well as the OAM associated with their spatial distribution. In addition, a mechanical angular momentum can arise from the rotation of the entire atom, which for very cold atoms is also quantized. Atoms therefore allow us to probe and access the quantum properties of light’s OAM, aiding our fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions, and moreover, allowing us to construct OAM-based applications, including quantum memories, frequency converters for shaped light and OAM-based sensors. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.

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9

Nairat, Mazen. "Axial Angular Momentum of Bessel Light." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.787.

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Both linear and angular momentum densities of Bessel, Gaussian-Bessel, and Hankel-Bessel lasers are determined. Angular momentum of the three Bessel beams is illustrated at linear and circular polarization. Axial Angular momentum is resolved in particular interpretation: the harmonic order of the physical light momentum. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Molina-Terriza, J. Torres, and L. Torner, "Twisted photons", Nature Physics 3, 305 - 310 (2007). CrossRef J Arlt, V Garces-Chavez, W Sibbett, and K Dholakia "Optical micromanipulation using a Bessel light beam", Opt. Commun., 197, 4-6, (2001). CrossRef L. Ambrosio and H. Hernández-Figueroa, "Gradient forces on double-negative particles in optical tweezers using Bessel beams in the ray optics regime", Opt Exp, 18, 23 (2010). CrossRef I. Litvin, A. Dudley and A. Forbes, "Poynting vector and orbital angular momentum density of superpositions of Bessel beams", Opt Exp, 19, 18 (2011). CrossRef K Volke-Sepulveda, V Garcés-Chávez, S Chávez-Cerda, J Arlt and K Dholakia "Orbital angular momentum of a high-order Bessel light beam" , JOP B 4 (2). 2002. CrossRef M. Verma, S. Pal, S. Joshi, P. Senthilkumaran, J. Joseph, and H Kandpal, "Singularities in cylindrical vector beams", Jou. of Mod. Opt., 62 (13), 2015. CrossRef R. Borghi, M. Santarsiero, and M. Porras, "Nonparaxial Bessel?Gauss beams", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 18 (7) (2011). CrossRef L. Allen, M. Beijersbergen, R. Spreeuw, and J. Woerdman, "Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian Laser modes", Phys Rev A, 45 (11): 8185-8189 (1992). CrossRef D. Mcglion and K. Dholakia, "Bessel beams: diffraction in a new light", Cont. Phys, 46(1) 15 ? 28. (2005). CrossRef F. Gori, G. Guattari and C. Padovani," Bessel-Gauss Beams", Opt. Commun., 64, 491, (1987). CrossRef V. Kotlyar, A. Kovalev, and A. Soifer, "Hankel?Bessel laser beams" J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 29 (5) (2012). CrossRef L. Allen and M. Babiker "Spin-orbit coupling in free-space Laguerre-Gaussian light beams", Phys. Rev. A 53, R2937. CrossRef

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10

Spektor, Grisha, Eva Prinz, Michael Hartelt, Anna-Katharina Mahro, Martin Aeschlimann, and Meir Orenstein. "Orbital angular momentum multiplication in plasmonic vortex cavities." Science Advances 7, no. 33 (2021): eabg5571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg5571.

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Orbital angular momentum of light is a core feature in photonics. Its confinement to surfaces using plasmonics has unlocked many phenomena and potential applications. Here, we introduce the reflection from structural boundaries as a new degree of freedom to generate and control plasmonic orbital angular momentum. We experimentally demonstrate plasmonic vortex cavities, generating a succession of vortex pulses with increasing topological charge as a function of time. We track the spatiotemporal dynamics of these angularly decelerating plasmon pulse train within the cavities for over 300 femtoseconds using time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy, showing that the angular momentum grows by multiples of the chiral order of the cavity. The introduction of this degree of freedom to tame orbital angular momentum delivered by plasmonic vortices could miniaturize pump probe–like quantum initialization schemes, increase the torque exerted by plasmonic tweezers, and potentially achieve vortex lattice cavities with dynamically evolving topology.

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11

Shi Shuai, 施帅, 丁冬生 Ding Dongsheng, 周志远 Zhou Zhiyuan, 李岩 Li Yan, 张伟 Zhang Wei, and 史保森 Shi Baosen. "Sorting of Orbital Angular Momentum States of Light." Acta Optica Sinica 35, no. 6 (2015): 0607001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201535.0607001.

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12

Forbes, Kayn A., and David L. Andrews. "Optical orbital angular momentum: twisted light and chirality." Optics Letters 43, no. 3 (2018): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.000435.

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13

Kaviani, Hamidreza, Roohollah Ghobadi, Bishnupada Behera, et al. "Optomechanical detection of light with orbital angular momentum." Optics Express 28, no. 10 (2020): 15482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.389170.

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14

Yang, Zhenshan, Xia Zhang, Chenglin Bai, and Minghong Wang. "Nondiffracting light beams carrying fractional orbital angular momentum." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 35, no. 3 (2018): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.35.000452.

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15

Gori, F., M. Santarsiero, R. Borghi, and G. Guattari. "Orbital angular momentum of light: a simple view." European Journal of Physics 19, no. 5 (1998): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/19/5/005.

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16

Heeres, Reinier W., and Valery Zwiller. "Subwavelength Focusing of Light with Orbital Angular Momentum." Nano Letters 14, no. 8 (2014): 4598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl501647t.

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17

Liang, Yao, Han Wen Wu, Bin Jie Huang, and Xu Guang Huang. "Light beams with selective angular momentum generated by hybrid plasmonic waveguides." Nanoscale 6, no. 21 (2014): 12360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr03606a.

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We report an integrated compact technique that can “spin” and “twist” light on a silicon photonics platform, with the generated light beams possessing both spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM).

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18

Giovanni Milione, Giovanni Milione, Ting Wang Ting Wang, Jing Han Jing Han, and and Lianfa Bai and Lianfa Bai. "Remotely sensing an object’s rotational orientation using the orbital angular momentum of light (Invited Paper)." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 3 (2017): 030012–30016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.030012.

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19

Cameron, Robert P., Jörg B. Götte, Stephen M. Barnett, and Alison M. Yao. "Chirality and the angular momentum of light." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2087 (2017): 20150433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0433.

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Chirality is exhibited by objects that cannot be rotated into their mirror images. It is far from obvious that this has anything to do with the angular momentum of light, which owes its existence to rotational symmetries. There is nevertheless a subtle connection between chirality and the angular momentum of light. We demonstrate this connection and, in particular, its significance in the context of chiral light–matter interactions. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.

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20

Devlin, Robert C., Antonio Ambrosio, Noah A. Rubin, J. P. Balthasar Mueller, and Federico Capasso. "Arbitrary spin-to–orbital angular momentum conversion of light." Science 358, no. 6365 (2017): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aao5392.

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Optical elements that convert the spin angular momentum (SAM) of light into vortex beams have found applications in classical and quantum optics. These elements—SAM-to–orbital angular momentum (OAM) converters—are based on the geometric phase and only permit the conversion of left- and right-circular polarizations (spin states) into states with opposite OAM. We present a method for converting arbitrary SAM states into total angular momentum states characterized by a superposition of independent OAM. We designed a metasurface that converts left- and right-circular polarizations into states with independent values of OAM and designed another device that performs this operation for elliptically polarized states. These results illustrate a general material-mediated connection between SAM and OAM of light and may find applications in producing complex structured light and in optical communication.

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21

Li, Hehe, and Xinzhong Li. "Spin Hall effect of light in inhomogeneous nonlinear medium." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 02 (2016): 1550270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491550270x.

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In this paper, we investigate the spin Hall effect of a polarized Gaussian beam (GB) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic and nonlinear medium using the method of the eikonal-based complex geometrical optics which describes the phase front and cross-section of a light beam using the quadratic expansion of a complex-valued eikonal. The linear complex-valued eikonal terms are introduced to describe the polarization-dependent transverse shifts of the beam in inhomogeneous nonlinear medium which is called the spin Hall effect of beam. We know that the spin Hall effect of beam is affected by the nonlinearity of medium and include two parts, one originates from the coupling between the spin angular momentum and the extrinsic orbital angular momentum due to the curve trajectory of the center of gravity of the polarized GB and the other from the coupling between the spin angular momentum and the intrinsic orbital angular momentum due to the rotation of the beam with respect to the central ray.

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22

LORCÉ, CÉDRIC, and BARBARA PASQUINI. "WIGNER DISTRIBUTIONS AND QUARK ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 20 (January 2012): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512009129.

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We discuss the quark phase-space or Wigner distributions of the nucleon which combine in a single picture all the information contained in the generalized parton distributions and the transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions. In particular, we present results for the distribution of unpolarized quarks in a longitudinally polarized nucleon obtained in a light-front constituent quark model. We show how the quark orbital angular momentum can be extracted from the Wigner distributions and compare it with alternative definitions.

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23

Ji, Zhurun, Wenjing Liu, Sergiy Krylyuk, et al. "Photocurrent detection of the orbital angular momentum of light." Science 368, no. 6492 (2020): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9192.

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Applications that use the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light show promise for increasing the bandwidth of optical communication networks. However, direct photocurrent detection of different OAM modes has not yet been demonstrated. Most studies of current responses to electromagnetic fields have focused on optical intensity–related effects, but phase information has been lost. In this study, we designed a photodetector based on tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) with carefully fabricated electrode geometries to facilitate direct characterization of the topological charge of OAM of light. This orbital photogalvanic effect, driven by the helical phase gradient, is distinguished by a current winding around the optical beam axis with a magnitude proportional to its quantized OAM mode number. Our study provides a route to develop on-chip detection of optical OAM modes, which can enable the development of next-generation photonic circuits.

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24

Ballantine, Kyle E., John F. Donegan, and Paul R. Eastham. "There are many ways to spin a photon: Half-quantization of a total optical angular momentum." Science Advances 2, no. 4 (2016): e1501748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501748.

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The angular momentum of light plays an important role in many areas, from optical trapping to quantum information. In the usual three-dimensional setting, the angular momentum quantum numbers of the photon are integers, in units of the Planck constantħ. We show that, in reduced dimensions, photons can have a half-integer total angular momentum. We identify a new form of total angular momentum, carried by beams of light, comprising an unequal mixture of spin and orbital contributions. We demonstrate the half-integer quantization of this total angular momentum using noise measurements. We conclude that for light, as is known for electrons, reduced dimensionality allows new forms of quantization.

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25

Hamideh Kazemi, Seyedeh, and Mohammad Mahmoudi. "Identifying orbital angular momentum of light in quantum wells." Laser Physics Letters 16, no. 7 (2019): 076001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ab183e.

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26

Borba, G. C., S. Barreiro, L. Pruvost, D. Felinto, and J. W. R. Tabosa. "Narrow band amplification of light carrying orbital angular momentum." Optics Express 24, no. 9 (2016): 10078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.010078.

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27

Power, W. L., L. Allen, M. Babiker, and V. E. Lembessis. "Atomic motion in light beams possessing orbital angular momentum." Physical Review A 52, no. 1 (1995): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.52.479.

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28

Rusch, Leslie A., Mohammad Rad, Karen Allahverdyan, Irfan Fazal, and Eric Bernier. "Carrying Data on the Orbital Angular Momentum of Light." IEEE Communications Magazine 56, no. 2 (2018): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1700058.

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29

Li, Chun-Fang, Ting-Ting Wang, and Shuang-Yan Yang. "Comment on “Orbital angular momentum and nonparaxial light beams”." Optics Communications 283, no. 14 (2010): 2787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.03.026.

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30

Li, Xuefeng, Jiaqi Chu, Quinn Smithwick, and Daping Chu. "Automultiscopic displays based on orbital angular momentum of light." Journal of Optics 18, no. 8 (2016): 085608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/18/8/085608.

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31

Mirhosseini, Mohammad, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Changchen Chen, Brandon Rodenburg, Mehul Malik, and Robert W. Boyd. "Rapid generation of light beams carrying orbital angular momentum." Optics Express 21, no. 25 (2013): 30196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.030196.

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32

Zhou, Hailong, Lei Shi, Xinliang Zhang, and Jianji Dong. "Dynamic interferometry measurement of orbital angular momentum of light." Optics Letters 39, no. 20 (2014): 6058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.006058.

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33

Belmonte, Aniceto, and Juan P. Torres. "Self-homodyne detection of the light orbital angular momentum." Optics Letters 37, no. 14 (2012): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.002940.

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34

Bulgakov, E., and A. Sadreev. "Trapping of light with angular orbital momentum above the light cone." Advanced Electromagnetics 6, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v6i1.423.

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We consider bound states in the radiation continuum (BSC) above the light cone in an one-dimensional periodic array of dielectric spheres in air. The BSCs are classified by orbital angular momentum m, Bloch wave vector β directed along the array, and polarization. The most simple symmetry protected BSCs have m = 0, β = 0 and occur in a wide range of the radius of spheres and dielectric constant. More sophisticated BSCs with m ̸= 0, β = 0 exist only for a selected radius of the spheres at a fixed dielectric constant. We also show the existence of robust Bloch BSCs with β ̸=0, m = 0. The BSCs with m = 0 can be easily detected by the collapse of Fano resonance in scattering of a plane wave. In response to a plane wave with circular polarization the BSCs with m ̸= 0 give rise to Poynting vector spiralling around the array.

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35

Shi, Xuguang. "Fractional orbital angular momentum of light beams by topological trajectory." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 24, no. 02 (2015): 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863515500253.

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We derive a rigorous quantum formula called topological trajectory to describe orbital angular momentum (OAM) index based on linear momentum density of Laguerre–Gauss (L–G) light beam. By considering the correspondence between optics and quantum theory, we construct a coherent state from two L–G modes light beam. The light beams with fractional OAM are described by the coherent state. By making use of topological trajectory, we present the conditions that OAM index is fractional.

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36

MATSUI, FUMIHIKO, TOMOHIRO MATSUSHITA, FANG ZHUN GUO, and HIROSHI DAIMON. "STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY OF ATOMIC ARRANGEMENT AND ATOMIC-ORBITAL ANALYSIS BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 04 (2007): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07009918.

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The circular dichroism of photoelectron forward focusing peak rotation around the incident-light axis reflects the orbital angular momentum of the excited core level and is inversely proportional to the distance between the emitter and scatterer atoms. This is the basis for the stereo photograph of the atomic arrangements. These rotations are also found in the case of the valence band excitation. The rotation for the 2pxy band of graphite was about twice those from 2s and 2pz bands, corresponding to the difference in the orbital angular momentum quantum number of each band. Simultaneously, photoelectron intensity from the bottom of the 2s band was observed at the Γ point of every other Brillouin zone reflecting the photoelectron structure factor that corresponds to the interference of photoelectron waves from 2s atomic orbitals within a unit cell. The origin of the dual behavior that appeared in the observation of a local angular momentum from a delocalized valence band is discussed.

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37

Si, M. S., D. Z. Yang, D. S. Xue, and G. P. Zhang. "Femtosecond Magnetism When the Orbital Angular Momentum is Quenched." SPIN 05, no. 04 (2015): 1540009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324715400093.

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In femtosecond magnetism, a femtosecond laser pulse affects the spin moment only indirectly through the orbital angular momentum and the spin–orbit coupling. A long-standing puzzle is what happens if the orbital angular momentum itself is quenched. Here, we employ a four-level system to resolve this puzzle. The results show that the quenching of the orbital angular moment in the ground state has no direct relation to the spin moment change. By contrast, the orbital moment can be restored partially after the pulsed optical excitation and can affect the demagnetization. Importantly, this study confirms that the orbital moment indeed responds to the laser field faster than spin if the pulse duration is short, consistent with the recent time-resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiment. Therefore, our finding shines new light on femtosecond magnetism.

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38

Stewart, A. M. "Comparison of Different Forms for the “Spin” and “Orbital” Components of the Angular Momentum of Light." International Journal of Optics 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/728350.

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We compare three attempts that have been made to decompose the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field into components of an “orbital” and “spin” nature. All three expressions are different, and there seems to be no reason to prefer one to another. It appears, on the basis of classical electrodynamics, that there is no unique way of decomposing the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field into orbital and spin components, even in a fixed inertial frame.

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39

IWAMOTO, Satoshi, and Yasuhiko ARAKAWA. "Generation of Orbital Angular Momentum of Light Using Photonic Structures." Review of Laser Engineering 46, no. 4 (2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.46.4_182.

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40

Kerber, Richard M., Jamie M. Fitzgerald, Doris E. Reiter, Sang Soon Oh, and Ortwin Hess. "Reading the Orbital Angular Momentum of Light Using Plasmonic Nanoantennas." ACS Photonics 4, no. 4 (2017): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00980.

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41

Arikawa, Takashi, Shohei Morimoto, and Koichiro Tanaka. "Focusing light with orbital angular momentum by circular array antenna." Optics Express 25, no. 12 (2017): 13728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.013728.

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42

Jing-Zhi, Wu, and Li Yang-Jun. "Light beams with orbital angular momentum for free space optics." Chinese Physics 16, no. 5 (2007): 1334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/16/5/028.

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43

Al-Attili, Abdelrahman Z., Daniel Burt, Zuo Li, et al. "Germanium vertically light-emitting micro-gears generating orbital angular momentum." Optics Express 26, no. 26 (2018): 34675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.034675.

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44

Vijayakumar, A., C. Rosales-Guzmán, M. R. Rai, et al. "Generation of structured light by multilevel orbital angular momentum holograms." Optics Express 27, no. 5 (2019): 6459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.006459.

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45

Pors, Bart-Jan, Filippo Miatto, G. W. ’t Hooft, E. R. Eliel, and J. P. Woerdman. "High-dimensional entanglement with orbital-angular-momentum states of light." Journal of Optics 13, no. 6 (2011): 064008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/13/6/064008.

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46

Bose, Thomas, and Jamal Berakdar. "Nonlinear magneto-optical response to light carrying orbital angular momentum." Journal of Optics 16, no. 12 (2014): 125201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/16/12/125201.

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47

Tiwari, S. C. "Scalar field, gauge invariance and orbital angular momentum of light." Journal of Modern Optics 56, no. 4 (2009): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340802471835.

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Volke-Sepulveda, K., V. Garcés-Chávez, S. Chávez-Cerda, J. Arlt, and K. Dholakia. "Orbital angular momentum of a high-order Bessel light beam." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 4, no. 2 (2002): S82—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/4/2/373.

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Arlt, J., K. Dholakia, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett. "Parametric down-conversion for light beams possessing orbital angular momentum." Physical Review A 59, no. 5 (1999): 3950–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.59.3950.

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Padgett, M. J., and J. Courtial. "Poincaré-sphere equivalent for light beams containing orbital angular momentum." Optics Letters 24, no. 7 (1999): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.24.000430.

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