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Journal articles on the topic 'Light preference'
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Swan, Melissa, Aidan Horvath, Rebecca K. Pritchett, Amanda J. Barabas, Debra Hickman, and Brianna N. Gaskill. "The Future Is Not Bright: Evaluation of Rat Preferences for Color and Intensity of Light." Animals 14, no. 14 (2024): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14142045.
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Light is a key factor influencing the welfare of laboratory rodents, but little is known about their optimal lighting condition. It i common knowledge that rats prefer dim light, so bright light is mitigated with red-tinted shelters or cages, which alter both the color and intensity of light. Because both aspects are altered, the contribution of each feature to rodent preference is unknown. Further, it is unknown if this preference is influenced by previous experience. We hypothesized that rats would prefer lower light intensity and that their preferences would be influenced by their housing environment. Breeder pairs of rats were randomly separated into four treatments groups: red 200 lux, red 25 lux, clear 200 lux, and clear 25 lux. The breeders’ offspring were tested three times in an apparatus that offered access to each environment, and their preferences were analyzed. Generally, the rats preferred the lower-lux environments and showed no color preference. However, the rats from the clear, 200 lux cages, preferred clear caging and only showed a preference for 25 lux conditions during the second and third preference tests. These results suggest that the light intensity, more than color, should be considered when designing rodent housing and testing facilities.
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Siregar, Petrus, Stevhen Juniardi, Gilbert Audira, et al. "Method Standardization for Conducting Innate Color Preference Studies in Different Zebrafish Strains." Biomedicines 8, no. 8 (2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8080271.
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The zebrafish has a tetrachromatic vision that is able to distinguish ultraviolet (UV) and visible wavelengths. Recently, zebrafish color preferences have gained much attention because of the easy setup of the instrument and its usefulness to screen behavior-linked stimuli. However, several published papers dealing with zebrafish color preferences have contradicting results that underscore the importance of method standardization in this field. Different laboratories may report different results because of variations in light source, color intensity, and other parameters such as age, gender, container size, and strain of fish. In this study, we aim to standardize the color preference test in zebrafish by measuring light source position, light intensity, gender, age, animal size to space ratio, and animal strain. Our results showed that color preferences for zebrafish are affected by light position, age, strain, and social interaction of the fish, but not affected by fish gender. We validated that ethanol can significantly induce color preference alteration in zebrafish which may be related to anxiety and depression. We also explored the potential use of the optimized method to examine color preference ranking and index differences in various zebrafish strains and species, such as the tiger barb and glass catfish. In conclusion, zebrafish color preference screening is a powerful tool for high-throughput neuropharmacological applications and the standardized protocol established in this study provides a useful reference for the zebrafish research community.
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Stach, Jens. "How memorable experiences influence brand preference." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 20, no. 4 (2017): 394–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-03-2016-0023.
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Purpose This paper aims to illuminate mechanisms through which memorable experiences with brands create lasting preferences. It is based on the proposition that intense positive (negative) affective consumption in the consumer’s youth creates powerful imprints, which influence brand preference (distaste) throughout life. Design/methodology/approach Autobiographical memories with Nutella are retrieved from three different user groups, i.e. heavy-, light- and non-users. The retrieved memory narratives are analysed using conditioning theory, i.e. operant, classical or no conditioning are identified and compared across groups. Findings The research’s central proposition is affirmed, yet the dominant form of conditioning mechanism differs per group. Operant conditioning outperforms classical conditioning in creating strong and lasting preferences. Heavy- and non-users predominantly exhibit in-tensely positive and negative operant conditioning, respectively. Light-users on the other hand recall less affectively intense consumption experiences, mainly featuring classical conditioning. The light-users’ recollections suggest a mere exposure effect to be more appropriate in describing the preference formation in this user group. Research limitations/implications Users not having experienced affectively intense consumption, i.e. light-users, are likely to be influenced in their preference over time through other factors, which this paper does not focus on. Practical implications Memory elicitation and exploration provides valuable insights to shape both promotional as well as advertising strategies. Originality/value The study extends existing theory on conditioning in marketing by first using a novel qualitative approach to analyse conditioning procedures in real-life settings, and second, it highlights operant conditioning’s superior ability in creating lasting preferences.
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Changizi, Mark A., and Shinsuke Shimojo. "A Functional Explanation for the Effects of Visual Exposure on Preference." Perception 37, no. 10 (2008): 1510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6012.
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Visual exposure to an object can modulate an observer's degree of preference for it, initially enhancing preference (a ‘familiarity preference’ regime), and eventually lowering it again (a ‘novelty preference’ regime). Here we investigate whether there may be a functional advantage to modulating preference in this way. We put forth the simple hypothesis that degree of preference for an object of type X is the brain's estimate of the expected utility of acting to obtain X. In the light of this view of what preferences fundamentally represent, we are able to explain the ‘exposure effect’ and many of the connected phenomena.
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Smallman, Rachel, and Neal J. Roese. "Preference Invites Categorization." Psychological Science 19, no. 12 (2008): 1228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02229.x.
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Past research indicates that positive affect (relative to neutral or negative affect) reduces processing and makes categorization less differentiated. The present experiment demonstrated that preference, even though affectively pleasant, invites finer categorization. Expertise is already known to influence categorization; hence, the present experiment used an associative conditioning task (novel symbols paired with positively or negatively valenced photographs) to create new preferences, thereby demonstrating that preference influences categorization independently of preexisting expertise. These findings cast new light on established theory of affect and cognitive processing and suggest new implications for consumer preference and goal pursuit.
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Liu, Q., Z. Huang, MR Pointer, M. Ronnier Luo, K. Xiao, and S. Westland. "Evaluating colour preference of lighting with an empty light booth." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 8 (2017): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517727330.
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In our recent work, the colour preference of several LED white lights with different correlated colour temperatures (CCT) was investigated with a wide selection of objects. The results highlighted the dominant effect of light itself on the colour preference of lighting. In this study, we similarly implemented two psychophysical experiments with the same lights but with nothing in the light booth. It was found that the subjective ratings for the lit environment of the empty booth were quite close to those of the previous studies that used various coloured objects. Such a finding corroborates our former conclusion that light dominates colour preference and we suspect that this finding can be attributed either to the colour memory of the observers or to the subconscious effect of human vision. Thus, it seems that for general multi-CCT conditions where the light sources do not have very different gamut shapes or object desaturation/oversaturation properties, the preferred white light could be determined by simply asking the observers to rate their preference for the lit environment of the empty light booth. To verify this wild and interesting conclusion and further clarify its applicability, follow-up studies are needed.
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Leghari, Shazia Yasmeen, Tahira Perveen, and Kalsoom Nazar. "Implicit Bias in Health Care Providers During Providing Health Care Ser-vices to Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital South Punjab Pakistan." Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/banrj.04.01.06.
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Introduction: Bias means an unreasoned and unfair distortion of judgment in favour of or against a person or thing. It is the evaluation of something or someone that can be positive or negative, and implicit or unconscious bias is when the person is unaware of their evaluation. Unconscious or implicit bias describes associations or attitudes that reflexively alter our perceptions, there by affecting behaviour, interaction, and decision-making Methods: This study qualitative cross-sectional study design is used. Implicit Assessment Tool (IAT) used to assess the age Implicit, Religion Implicit and Skin tone Implicit among nurses. The data was analysed by SPSS version-18 & Microsoft Excel. Out of 100 respondent 23% showed a strong automatic preference for light skin compared to dark skin people in Skin-tone IAT. Results: Out 0f 100 just 2% showed strong automatic preference for dark skin as compared to light skin people. During the Religion IAT out of 100 respondents just 1% nurses showed a strong preference for Judaism compared to Islam. 96.0% showed strong automatic preferences for Islam compared to Judaism. 29 % respondents showed a strong automatic preference for Islam compared to Christianity. While 2% participants showed a strong preference for Christianity compared to Islam. In Age implicit assessment test 30% nurses showed strong automatic preference for young people to old people. Just 1 % nurses showed strong automatic preference for old people compared to young people. 30 % nurses showed moderate level of automatic preferences for young people as compared to old people, while just 2 % have moderate automatic preference for old people as compared to young people. Conclusion: This study concluded that Nurses have a strong automatic preference towards their own religion so that they prefer Muslim patients unconsciously rather than the other religion. This study also reveal that during giving care nurses have strong automatic preference to young people and light skinned people as compared to dark skinned and old people.
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Huang, Kuo-Chen, Chin-Chiuan Lin, and Shu-Ying Chiang. "Color Preference and Familiarity in Performance on Brand Logo Recall." Perceptual and Motor Skills 107, no. 2 (2008): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.2.587-596.
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Two experiments assessed effects of color preference and brand-logo familiarity on recall performance. Exp. 1 explored the color preferences, using a forced-choice technique, of 189 women and 63 men. Taiwanese college students ages 18 to 20 years ( M = 19.4, SD = 1.5). The sequence of the three most preferred colors was white, light blue, and black and of the three least preferred colors was light orange, dark violet, and dark brown. Exp. 2 investigated the effects of color preference based on the results of Exp. 1 and brand-logo familiarity on recall. A total of 27 women and 21 men, Taiwanese college students ages 18 to 20 years ( M = 19.2, SD = 1.2) participated. They memorized a list of 24 logos (four logos shown in six colors) and then performed sequential recall. Analyses showed color preference significantly effected recall accuracy. Accuracy for high color preference was significantly greater than that for low preferences. Results showed no significant effects of brand-logo familiarity or sex on accuracy. In addition, the interactive effect of color preference and brand-logo familiarity on accuracy was significant. These results have implications for the design of brand logos to create and sustain memory of brand images.
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Bradley, Gordon A., and Anne R. Kearney. "Public and Professional Responses to the Visual Effects of Timber Harvesting: Different Ways of Seeing." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (2007): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.1.42.
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Abstract This study examines preferences and differences in preference among forest professionals and other forest stakeholders. Specifically, the study explores the underlying dimensions of preference and the stated rationale behind those preferences. Preferences were assessed for six different silvicultural treatments, including clearcutting, two-age cut, patch cut, group selection, commercial thin, and an unmodified control stand. Study participants were selected from six stakeholder groups: forest professionals, urban public, rural public, recreationists, environmentalists, and educators (n=210). Results show that people's preferences tend to follow the same general trend across all groups, with higher preference for less intense harvests. Foresters tended to show significantly greater preference than most other groups for treatments where tree removal left moderate to large openings; this difference was most striking with respect to clearcuts. Analysis of people's stated rationale behind the preference ratings suggests that differences in preference are a function of differences in how people interpret the scene. Foresters were more likely to see the management depicted in a scene and to interpret these signs of management in a favorable light; other groups were more likely to respond to the aesthetics of the scene or to processes perceived to be damaging to the landscape. Implications for these differences in preference and perception are discussed.
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Álvaro, Leticia, Humberto Moreira, Julio Lillo, and Anna Franklin. "Color preference in red–green dichromats." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 30 (2015): 9316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502104112.
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Around 2% of males have red–green dichromacy, which is a genetic disorder of color vision where one type of cone photoreceptor is missing. Here we investigate the color preferences of dichromats. We aim (i) to establish whether the systematic and reliable color preferences of normal trichromatic observers (e.g., preference maximum at blue, minimum at yellow-green) are affected by dichromacy and (ii) to test theories of color preference with a dichromatic sample. Dichromat and normal trichromat observers named and rated how much they liked saturated, light, dark, and focal colors twice. Trichromats had the expected pattern of preference. Dichromats had a reliable pattern of preference that was different to trichromats, with a preference maximum rather than minimum at yellow and a much weaker preference for blue than trichromats. Color preference was more affected in observers who lacked the cone type sensitive to long wavelengths (protanopes) than in those who lacked the cone type sensitive to medium wavelengths (deuteranopes). Trichromats’ preferences were summarized effectively in terms of cone-contrast between color and background, and yellow-blue cone-contrast could account for dichromats’ pattern of preference, with some evidence for residual red–green activity in deuteranopes’ preference. Dichromats’ color naming also could account for their color preferences, with colors named more accurately and quickly being more preferred. This relationship between color naming and preference also was present for trichromat males but not females. Overall, the findings provide novel evidence on how dichromats experience color, advance the understanding of why humans like some colors more than others, and have implications for general theories of aesthetics.
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Gerencsér, Zsolt, Zsolt Matics, Istvàn Nagy, and Edit Szendrő. "Light colour preference of growing rabbits." Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, sup3 (2009): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s3.205.
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Gerbaldo, H. "The questionnaire for light intensity preference." Biological Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (1997): 109S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)87341-6.
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Huang, Z., Q. Liu, S. Westland, MR Pointer, M. Ronnier Luo, and K. Xiao. "Light dominates colour preference when correlated colour temperature differs." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 7 (2017): 995–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517713542.
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Colour preference for lighting is generally influenced by three kinds of contextual factors, the light, the object and the observer. In this study, a series of psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate and compare the effect of certain factors on colour preference, including spectral power distribution of light, lighting application, observers’ personal colour preference, regional cultural difference and gender difference. LED lights with different correlated colour temperatures were used to illuminate a wide selection of objects. Participant response was quantified by a 7-point rating method or a 5-level ranking method. It was found that the preferred illumination for different objects exhibited a similar trend and that the influence of light was significantly stronger than that of other factors. Therefore, we conclude that the light itself (rather than, e.g. the objects that are viewed) is the most crucial factor for predicting which light, among several candidates with different correlated colour temperatures, an observer will prefer. In addition, some of the gamut-based colour quality metrics correlated well with the participants’ response, which corroborates the view that colour preference is strongly influenced by colour saturation. The familiarity of the object affects the ratings for each experiment while the colour of the objects also influences colour preference.
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Li, Haoyang, Xiaomeng Zhang, Shan Jin, Yuanchi Sun, Ding Ma, and Cong Wang. "The Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment on Social Preferences: Evidence from the Global Preference Survey." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 8 (2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13080648.
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The effect of social preferences, such as altruism and trust, on economic development is widely recognized. However, the reciprocal impact, i.e., how individuals experience the economic environment and how this shapes their social preferences, has remained largely under-explored. This study sheds light on this reciprocal effect, revealing an intriguing macroeconomic impact on individuals’ social preferences. By harnessing the Global Preference Survey data and a non-linear regression model, our findings highlight an interesting trend: there is a discernible decrease in individuals’ social preference as they experience enhanced economic conditions, and this effect is more pronounced for males. This crucial revelation underscores the importance for researchers and policymakers to take into account the prospective attenuation of social preferences in the pursuit of economic well-being.
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Aldo, Hardi Sancoko, and Vlennery Mettan Santho. "Impact of Price and Shopping Motive on Millennial Consumer Preferences for Offline and Online Store Formats." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION 03, no. 03 (2024): 258–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10796884.
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Globalisation has resulted in increased competition among businesses, leading to the development of various business formats and impacting consumer behaviour. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the shift towards online businesses, prompting the emergence of different online store formats. In light of these changes, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of price and shopping motives on consumer preferences for online store formats versus physical stores. The research methodology involved distributing surveys directly to gather opinions from respondents in Surabaya, with a focus on millennial consumers. From 144 samples of this study, price and shopping motives did not significantly influence millennial consumers' preference for store formats. However, the results of the research indicate a clear preference for online shopping over physical stores among millennial consumers. This study sheds light on consumer preferences in the current market and emphasizes the growing influence of online businesses.
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Wichman, Anette, Rosan De Groot, Olle Håstad, Helena Wall, and Diana Rubene. "Influence of Different Light Spectrums on Behaviour and Welfare in Laying Hens." Animals 11, no. 4 (2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040924.
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Artificial commercial lighting used in animal production facilities can have negative influences on visual abilities, behaviour and welfare of domestic fowl. This study examined the effects of natural-derived light spectrums on behaviour, production and welfare of laying hens reared from hatching into adulthood. Comparisons were made of frequency of a range of behaviours associated with activity, aggression and comfort in birds kept in control light (commercial standard), daylight (full spectrum, including ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and forest light (forest understorey, including UV). In addition, bird preferences for different lights, feather damage and egg production were monitored. The results showed that the behavioural repertoire of birds changed with age, while the effects of light treatment were subtle. Some evidence was found that birds preferred either daylight or forest light to control light, suggesting that inclusion of UV contributed to the preference. Daylight and forest light were associated with more active behaviours, and daylight with better plumage and later start of lay. Thus natural-like light may have beneficial effects on domestic fowl, but the differences between broad-spectrum light sources are rather small.
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Zhou, Zhichun, David Burrell McAdam, Deborah Ann Napolitano, and Kathryn Douthit. "Shining a Light on the Challenging Behaviors of Adolescents with Comorbid Diagnoses: Use of Pictorial Concurrent Operant Preference Assessment." Children 8, no. 8 (2021): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8080683.
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Currently, there are no published studies that have used the concurrent operant preference assessment procedure to identify functions of challenging behaviors displayed by individuals with comorbid diagnoses. Four participants (aged 11–16 years) with comorbid diagnoses who displayed multiple challenging behaviors were referred to this study. We modified the standard concurrent operant preference assessment and used the new modified version, the pictorial concurrent operant preference assessment, to identify the functions of the challenging behaviors. Utilizing the triangulation mixed-methods design, we compared the indirect functional behavioral assessment (FBA) and the direct FBA with the pictorial concurrent operant preference assessment. The results obtained successfully demonstrated the concordance among these assessments in identifying the behavioral function for each participant. The results further showed that (1) the preferences served the same functional effects on both the challenging behaviors and the adaptive behaviors and (2) the pictorial concurrent operant preference assessment can be used independently to identify potential behavioral function and to specify the reinforcing potency of each behavioral function. The significance of the study results, limitations of this study, and directions for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Buatois, Alexis, Samuel Nguyen, Celine Bailleul, and Robert Gerlai. "Colored-Light Preference in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Zebrafish 18, no. 4 (2021): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2020.1977.
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Anku and Susan P. Farnand. "White Balance preference under multiple light sources." Color and Imaging Conference 29, no. 1 (2021): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2021.29.193.
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Yamanaka, Naoki, Nuria M. Romero, Francisco A. Martin, et al. "Neuroendocrine Control of Drosophila Larval Light Preference." Science 341, no. 6150 (2013): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1241210.
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Animal development is coupled with innate behaviors that maximize chances of survival. Here, we show that the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), a neuropeptide that controls the developmental transition from juvenile stage to sexual maturation, also regulates light avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PTTH, through its receptor Torso, acts on two light sensors—the Bolwig’s organ and the peripheral class IV dendritic arborization neurons—to regulate light avoidance. We found that PTTH concomitantly promotes steroidogenesis and light avoidance at the end of larval stage, driving animals toward a darker environment to initiate the immobile maturation phase. Thus, PTTH controls the decisions of when and where animals undergo metamorphosis, optimizing conditions for adult development.
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Weichselbaum, Hanna, Helmut Leder, and Ulrich Ansorge. "Implicit and Explicit Evaluation of Visual Symmetry as a Function of Art Expertise." i-Perception 9, no. 2 (2018): 204166951876146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518761464.
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In perception, humans typically prefer symmetrical over asymmetrical patterns. Yet, little is known about differences in symmetry preferences depending on individuals’ different past histories of actively reflecting upon pictures and patterns. To address this question, we tested the generality of the symmetry preference for different levels of individual art expertise. The preference for symmetrical versus asymmetrical abstract patterns was measured implicitly, by an Implicit Association Test (IAT), and explicitly, by a rating scale asking participants to evaluate pattern beauty. Participants were art history and psychology students. Art expertise was measured using a questionnaire. In the IAT, art expertise did not alter the preference for symmetrical over asymmetrical patterns. In contrast, the explicit rating scale showed that with higher art expertise, the ratings for the beauty of asymmetrical patterns significantly increased, but, again, participants preferred symmetrical over asymmetrical patterns. The results are discussed in light of different theories on the origins of symmetry preference. Evolutionary adaptation might play a role in symmetry preferences for art experts similarly to nonexperts, but experts tend to emphasize the beauty of asymmetrical depictions, eventually considering different criteria, when asked explicitly to indicate their preferences.
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Mattison, Siobhán M., Bret Beheim, Bridget Chak, and Peter Buston. "Offspring sex preferences among patrilineal and matrilineal Mosuo in Southwest China revealed by differences in parity progression." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 9 (2016): 160526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160526.
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Son preference predominates in China, yet there are patterned exceptions to this rule. In this paper, we test whether lineality (patrilineal versus matrilineal inheritance and descent) is associated with son versus daughter preference among the ethnic Mosuo (Na) of Southwest China. Our results show (i) an increased probability of continued fertility among matrilineal women after having a son compared with a daughter and (ii) an increased probability of continued fertility among patrilineal women after having a daughter compared with a son. These results are consistent with son preference among patrilineal Mosuo and more muted daughter preference among the matrilineal Mosuo. Furthermore, we show (iii) the lowest probability of continued fertility at parity 2 once women have one daughter and one son across both systems, suggesting that preferences for at least one of each sex exist alongside preferences for the lineal sex. The Mosuo are the only known small-scale society in which two kinship systems distinguish sub-groups with many otherwise shared cultural characteristics. We discuss why this, in conjunction with differences in subsistence, may shed light on the evolutionary underpinnings of offspring sex preferences.
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el Jundi, Basil, Eric J. Warrant, Marcus J. Byrne, et al. "Neural coding underlying the cue preference for celestial orientation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 36 (2015): 11395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501272112.
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Diurnal and nocturnal African dung beetles use celestial cues, such as the sun, the moon, and the polarization pattern, to roll dung balls along straight paths across the savanna. Although nocturnal beetles move in the same manner through the same environment as their diurnal relatives, they do so when light conditions are at least 1 million-fold dimmer. Here, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that the celestial cue preference differs between nocturnal and diurnal beetles in a manner that reflects their contrasting visual ecologies. We also demonstrate how these cue preferences are reflected in the activity of compass neurons in the brain. At night, polarized skylight is the dominant orientation cue for nocturnal beetles. However, if we coerce them to roll during the day, they instead use a celestial body (the sun) as their primary orientation cue. Diurnal beetles, however, persist in using a celestial body for their compass, day or night. Compass neurons in the central complex of diurnal beetles are tuned only to the sun, whereas the same neurons in the nocturnal species switch exclusively to polarized light at lunar light intensities. Thus, these neurons encode the preferences for particular celestial cues and alter their weighting according to ambient light conditions. This flexible encoding of celestial cue preferences relative to the prevailing visual scenery provides a simple, yet effective, mechanism for enabling visual orientation at any light intensity.
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Zou, Qingqing, Weiwei Li, Chaoshuo Zhang, Jianghui Bao, Huafei Lyu, and Ming Duan. "Shy and Bold Fish Have the Same Preference for Light Color Selection." Animals 14, no. 11 (2024): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111583.
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Personality, which matters for animal welfare, demonstrates behavioral differences. Light is one of the most important factors in aquaculture. However, how fish personality affects light color selection is unclear. In this study, we tested the personality of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco juveniles and then quantified the selective behaviors of different personalities under six light colors: violet (410–420 nm), yellow (580–590 nm), green (550–560 nm), red (620–630 nm), blue (470–480 nm), and white. The results showed that juveniles preferred the yellow and green light over the other colors of light, probably due to different reasons. The average cumulative dwell time in yellow (32.81 ± 5.22%), green (21.81 ± 3.58%), and red (26.36 ± 4.89%) lights was significantly longer than the other light colors, and the average visit frequency in green light (32.00 ± 4.93%) was the most. Juveniles had the longest total moved distance in green light. Moreover, the results demonstrated that shy and bold individuals had the same preference for the green light. Bold individuals could find the preferred light colors rapidly and make quick decisions for light color selection. After identifying the preferred light colors, bold individuals reduced the frequency of exploration. This study provides a theoretical basis for the welfare of juvenile yellow catfish in aquaculture.
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Vella, Elizabeth J., and Gregory Mills. "Personality, uses of music, and music preference: The influence of openness to experience and extraversion." Psychology of Music 45, no. 3 (2016): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616658957.
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The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether uses of music partially mediate the link between personality and music preference. Undergraduate students ( N = 122) completed the following scales: The Brief Big Five Inventory, The Uses of Music Inventory, The Short Test of Music Preference, The Life Orientation Test Revised, The Beck Depression Inventory, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Openness to experience positively predicted preferences for reflective-complex (RC; e.g., jazz/blues) and intense-rebellious (IR; e.g., rock/metal) music and was inversely related to upbeat-conventional (UC; e.g., country/pop) music, whereas extraversion was positively related to preferences for energetic-rhythmic (ER; e.g., rap/soul) and UC genres. A link between trait optimism and ER music preference was fully mediated by the more prominent extraversion trait. The relationship between openness to experience and RC music preference was partially mediated by cognitive uses of music, with a marginally significant analysis indicating partial mediation of emotional uses of music for openness to experience and IR music preference. Trait neuroticism, perceived stress, and depression scores all correlated positively with emotional uses of music. The current findings support studying personality contextually alongside uses of music when investigating music preference and shed light on how negative affect may inform emotional uses of music.
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Liu, Gaofeng, Zhiyuan Ma, and Tao Fang. "DreamAlign: Dynamic Text-to-3D Optimization with Human Preference Alignment." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 5 (2025): 5424–32. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i5.32577.
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Recent years have witnessed the remarkable success of Text-to-3D generation, particularly with the rise of mainstream conditional diffusion models (DMs). Though achieving substantial progress, existing methods still face a knotty "human preference" dilemma, that is the 3D contents generated by the models often deviate greatly from the desired effects (e.g., perspective, aesthetics, shading, appearance, etc.) due to the lack of attention to human preferences. To mitigate the limitation of data deficiency and enable human preference learning, we first elaborately curate the HP3D, a text-to-3D dataset with expert preference annotations which is initally captioned by the multimodal large model LLava and then refined by human expert. Based on such a brand-new HP3D, we further propose DreamAlign, a reward-free method that does not require designing any complex reward models whereas only by introducing a light-weight lora adapter and then designing a novel direct 3D preference optimization (D-3DPO) algorithm for training. Moreover, in the stage of text-to-3D we design an additional Preference Contrastive Feedback training for score distillation sampling, which enables the generated 3D objects to align the human preferences (e.g., aesthetics, material, etc.). Extensive experiments demonstrate that DreamAlign consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance on generative effects and human preference alignment across various benchmark evaluations.
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Village, Andrew. "Traditions within the Church of England and Psychological Type: A Study among the Clergy." Journal of Empirical Theology 26, no. 1 (2013): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341252.
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Abstract This study examines the relationship of psychological type preferences to membership of three different traditions within the Church of England: Anglo-catholic, broad church and evangelical. A sample of 1047 clergy recently ordained in the Church of England completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales and self-assigned measures of church tradition, conservatism and charismaticism. The majority of clergy preferred introversion over extraversion, but this preference was more marked among Anglo-catholics than among evangelicals. Anglo-catholics showed preference for intuition over sensing, while the reverse was true for evangelicals. Clergy of both sexes showed an overall preference for feeling over thinking, but this was reversed among evangelical clergymen. The sensing-intuition difference between traditions persisted after controlling for conservatism and charismaticism, suggesting it was linked to preferences for different styles of religious expression in worship. Conservatism was related to preferences for sensing over intuition (which may promote preference for traditional worship and parochial practices) and thinking over feeling (which for evangelicals may promote adherence to traditional theological principles and moral behaviour). Charismaticism was associated with preferences for extraversion over introversion, intuition over sensing, and feeling over thinking. Reasons for these associations are discussed in the light of known patterns of belief and practice across the various traditions of the Church of England.
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Xu, Haoyu, Guodong Wu, Enting Zhai, Xiu Jin, and Lijing Tu. "Preference-Aware Light Graph Convolution Network for Social Recommendation." Electronics 12, no. 11 (2023): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112397.
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Social recommendation systems leverage the abundant social information of users existing in the current Internet to mitigate the problem of data sparsity, ultimately enhancing recommendation performance. However, most existing recommendation systems that introduce social information ignore the negative messages passed by high-order neighbor nodes and aggregate messages without filtering, which results in a decline in the performance of the recommendation system. Considering this problem, we propose a novel social recommendation model based on graph neural networks (GNNs) called the preference-aware light graph convolutional network (PLGCN), which contains a subgraph construction module using unsupervised learning to classify users according to their embeddings and then assign users with similar preferences to a subgraph to filter useless or even negative messages from users with different preferences to attain even better recommendation performance. We also designed a feature aggregation module to better combine user embeddings with social and interaction information. In addition, we employ a lightweight GNN framework to aggregate messages from neighbors, removing nonlinear activation and feature transformation operations to alleviate the overfitting problem. Finally, we carried out comprehensive experiments using two publicly available datasets, and the results indicate that PLGCN outperforms the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) method, especially in dealing with the problem of cold start. The proposed model has the potential for practical applications in online recommendation systems, such as e-commerce, social media, and content recommendation.
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Nagabaskaran, Gokulan, Morgan Skinner, and Noam Miller. "Western Hognose Snakes (Heterodon nasicus) Prefer Environmental Enrichment." Animals 12, no. 23 (2022): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233347.
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The environmental enrichment needs of snakes are often disregarded. Using preference testing, we aimed to shed light on the enrichment preferences of a popular pet species, the western hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus). Snakes’ enclosures were divided into enriched and standard sides. The enriched half had substrate for burrowing, interactive stimuli, and a large water dish. The standard half had paper towel substrate and a small water dish. Each side also contained a single shelter. We provided belly heat to create a thermal gradient on one side of the cage. Snakes were observed for 6 days, four times daily. We predicted a preference for enriched conditions and, as snakes are ectothermic, a preference for the warmer side. Snakes were additionally given an exploration assay, to explore whether differences in preference for environmental enrichment interact with boldness levels. We found that hognose snakes preferred enrichment, and the strength of this preference increased over time. Preference for enrichment was stronger when the enriched side was cooler. This may be due to the burrowing tendencies of these snakes. We found no relationship between preference and boldness. These findings emphasise the importance of preference testing in establishing research-informed enrichment opportunities for reptiles.
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COLBURN, BEN. "Autonomy and Adaptive Preferences." Utilitas 23, no. 1 (2011): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820810000440.
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Adaptive preference formation is the unconscious altering of our preferences in light of the options we have available. Jon Elster has argued that this is bad because it undermines our autonomy. I agree, but think that Elster's explanation of why is lacking. So, I draw on a richer account of autonomy to give the following answer. Preferences formed through adaptation are characterized by covert influence (that is, explanations of which an agent herself is necessarily unaware), and covert influence undermines our autonomy because it undermines the extent to which an agent's preferences are ones that she has decided upon for herself. This answer fills the lacuna in Elster's argument. It also allows us to draw a principled distinction between adaptive preference formation and the closely related – but potentially autonomy-enhancing – phenomenon of character planning.
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Steinbacher, Roberta, and Faith D. Gilroy. "Technology for Sex Selection: Current Status and Utilization." Psychological Reports 79, no. 3 (1996): 728–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.728.
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Research focusing on potential users of technology for sex selection and their preference for firstborn sons is reviewed in light of technological advances. Further study of personality characteristics of users is proposed as well as identification of interpersonal dynamics occurring within a couple having divergent preferences for sex of offspring.
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Johnson, Ashley M., Shannon Stanis, and Rebecca C. Fuller. "Diurnal lighting patterns and habitat alter opsin expression and colour preferences in a killifish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1763 (2013): 20130796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0796.
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Spatial variation in lighting environments frequently leads to population variation in colour patterns, colour preferences and visual systems. Yet lighting conditions also vary diurnally, and many aspects of visual systems and behaviour vary over this time scale. Here, we use the bluefin killifish ( Lucania goodei ) to compare how diurnal variation and habitat variation (clear versus tannin-stained water) affect opsin expression and the preference to peck at different-coloured objects. Opsin expression was generally lowest at midnight and dawn, and highest at midday and dusk, and this diurnal variation was many times greater than variation between habitats. Pecking preference was affected by both diurnal and habitat variation but did not correlate with opsin expression. Rather, pecking preference matched lighting conditions, with higher preferences for blue at noon and for red at dawn/dusk, when these wavelengths are comparatively scarce. Similarly, blue pecking preference was higher in tannin-stained water where blue wavelengths are reduced. In conclusion, L. goodei exhibits strong diurnal cycles of opsin expression, but these are not tightly correlated with light intensity or colour. Temporally variable pecking preferences probably result from lighting environment rather than from opsin production. These results may have implications for the colour pattern diversity observed in these fish.
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Wu, Hui, Zhuangzhi Cui, Xiaoqing Huang, et al. "Spontaneous Color Preferences and Associative Learning in Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Insects 15, no. 10 (2024): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15100780.
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Color vision, which varies among species, plays an important role in foraging, mating, and habitat selection among insects. Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Lewis) is an omnivorous beetle that damages both crops and fruit. Here, to understand the effect of vision and olfaction in host selection, experiments were conducted on the spectral wavelength preference, color preference, and associative learning ability of adult P. brevitarsis using LED lights and grapes. In our experiments, adults showed the strongest spontaneous preference toward the red spectrum, particularly 730 nm. Non-preferred lights were used to train adults with a food reward (grapes). Green-trained adults had an increasing tendency to prefer green light, and blue-trained adults had a clear preference for blue light. Furthermore, adults significantly preferred red grapes in the absence of olfactory cues, but their selectivity for grapes differed in the presence of olfactory cues, indicating that vision was not the only factor in foraging decisions, but that olfactory cues also influenced their decision making. The results lay the groundwork for revealing their host localization mechanism and provide promising avenues for biological control in the field.
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Mata, Rui, Renato Frey, David Richter, Jürgen Schupp, and Ralph Hertwig. "Risk Preference: A View from Psychology." Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 2 (2018): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.2.155.
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Psychology offers conceptual and analytic tools that can advance the discussion on the nature of risk preference and its measurement in the behavioral sciences. We discuss the revealed and stated preference measurement traditions, which have coexisted in both psychology and economics in the study of risk preferences, and explore issues of temporal stability, convergent validity, and predictive validity with regard to measurement of risk preferences. As for temporal stability, do risk preference as a psychological trait show a degree of stability over time that approximates what has been established for other major traits, such as intelligence, or, alternatively, are they more similar in stability to transitory psychological states, such as emotional states? Convergent validity refers to the degree to which different measures of a psychological construct capture a common underlying characteristic or trait. Do measures of risk preference all capture a unitary psychological trait that is indicative of risky behavior across various domains, or do they capture various traits that independently contribute to risky behavior in specific areas of life, such as financial, health, and recreational domains? Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a psychological trait has power in forecasting behavior. Intelligence and major personality traits have been shown to predict important life outcomes, such as academic and professional achievement, which suggests there could be studies of the short- and long-term outcomes of risk preference— something lacking in current psychological (and economic) research. We discuss the current empirical knowledge on risk preferences in light of these considerations.
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Qi, Yulu, Chenhui Liu, Guozi Yuan, et al. "Disparities in Body Color Adaptability and Ambient Light Color Preference between Wild and Hatchery-Reared Marbled Rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus)." Animals 14, no. 11 (2024): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111701.
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Hatchery rearing significantly influences the phenotypic development of fish, with potential adverse effects for the post-release performance of hatchery-reared individuals in natural environments, especially when targeted for stock enhancement. To assess the suitability of releasing hatchery-reared fish, a comprehensive understanding of the phenotypic effects of captive rearing, through comparisons with their wild conspecifics, is essential. In this study, we investigated the divergence in body coloration between wild and hatchery-reared marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus. We examined the selection preferences for different light colors and assessed the impact of different ambient light colors on the morphological color-changing ability of juvenile marbled rockfish. Our findings revealed significant differences in body color between wild and hatchery-reared marbled rockfish. The hue and saturation values of wild marbled rockfish were significantly higher than those of their hatchery-reared counterparts, indicative of deeper and more vibrant body coloration in the wild population. Following a ten-day rearing period under various light color environments, the color of wild marbled rockfish remained relatively unchanged. In contrast, hatchery-reared marbled rockfish tended to change their color, albeit not reaching wild-like coloration. Light color preference tests demonstrated that wild juvenile marbled rockfish exhibited a preference for a red-light environment, while hatchery-reared individuals showed a similar but weaker response. Both wild and hatchery-reared marbled rockfish displayed notable negative phototaxis in the presence of yellow and blue ambient light. These results highlight the impact of hatchery rearing conditions on the body color and morphological color-changing ability, and provide insight into light color selection preferences of marbled rockfish. To mitigate the divergence in phenotypic development and produce more wild-like fish for stocking purposes, modifications to the hatchery environment, such as the regulation of ambient light color, should be considered.
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Jayathissa, Prageeth, Matias Quintana, Mahmoud Abdelrahman, and Clayton Miller. "Humans-as-a-Sensor for Buildings—Intensive Longitudinal Indoor Comfort Models." Buildings 10, no. 10 (2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100174.
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Evaluating and optimising human comfort within the built environment is challenging due to the large number of physiological, psychological and environmental variables that affect occupant comfort preference. Human perception could be helpful to capture these disparate phenomena and interpreting their impact; the challenge is collecting spatially and temporally diverse subjective feedback in a scalable way. This paper presents a methodology to collect intensive longitudinal subjective feedback of comfort-based preference using micro ecological momentary assessments on a smartwatch platform. An experiment with 30 occupants over two weeks produced 4378 field-based surveys for thermal, noise, and acoustic preference. The occupants and the spaces in which they left feedback were then clustered according to these preference tendencies. These groups were used to create different feature sets with combinations of environmental and physiological variables, for use in a multi-class classification task. These classification models were trained on a feature set that was developed from time-series attributes, environmental and near-body sensors, heart rate, and the historical preferences of both the individual and the comfort group assigned. The most accurate model had multi-class classification F1 micro scores of 64%, 80% and 86% for thermal, light, and noise preference, respectively. The discussion outlines how these models can enhance comfort preference prediction when supplementing data from installed sensors. The approach presented prompts reflection on how the building analysis community evaluates, controls, and designs indoor environments through balancing the measurement of variables with occupant preferences in an intensive longitudinal way.
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Wu, Yu, Zhixiong Zhuo, Qunyue Liu, Kunyong Yu, Qitang Huang, and Jian Liu. "The Relationships between Perceived Design Intensity, Preference, Restorativeness and Eye Movements in Designed Urban Green Space." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (2021): 10944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010944.
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Recent research has demonstrated that landscape design intensity impacts individuals’ landscape preferences, which may influence their eye movement. Due to the close relationship between restorativeness and landscape preference, we further explore the relationships between design intensity, preference, restorativeness and eye movements. Specifically, using manipulated images as stimuli for 200 students as participants, the effect of urban green space (UGS) design intensity on landscapes’ preference, restorativeness, and eye movement was examined. The results demonstrate that landscape design intensity could contribute to preference and restorativeness and that there is a significant positive relationship between design intensity and eye-tracking metrics, including dwell time percent, fixation percent, fixation count, and visited ranking. Additionally, preference was positively related to restorativeness, dwell time percent, fixation percent, and fixation count, and there is a significant positive relationship between restorativeness and fixation percent. We obtained the most feasible regression equations between design intensity and preference, restorativeness, and eye movement. These results provide a set of guidelines for improving UGS design to achieve its greatest restorative potential and shed new light on the use of eye-tracking technology in landscape perception studies.
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Haans, Antal. "The natural preference in people's appraisal of light." Journal of Environmental Psychology 39 (September 2014): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.04.001.
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Melan, C., and A. Ungerer. "Spontaneous light or dark preference in albino mice?" Behavioural Processes 15, no. 1 (1987): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(87)90032-5.
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MELAN, C., and A. UNGERER. "Spontaneous dark or light preference in albino mice?" Behavioural Brain Research 26, no. 2-3 (1987): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(87)90210-5.
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Nilsson, Lars. "Time to Preference: Early Preference Uptake under the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement." Journal of Economic Integration 37, no. 4 (2022): 589–648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2022.37.4.589.
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This study examines the uptake of trade preferences under the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement during their respective first 21 months of application. The research analyzes the impact of time on the preference utilization rate of EU imports from Canada and Korea and EU exports to the two countries. The findings shed light on how EU member states perform vis-à-vis each trade partner and whether certain product groups appear more successful than others in terms of using trade preferences. The study further analyzes the potential effects of learning how to use preferences over time. Finally, the study argues that firm-pair transaction level data is necessary for discerning more conclusive answers regarding why trade preferences are (not) used.</br>The results point to that lack of knowledge and awareness is the most plausible reason to a low use of trade preferences in the early days of an agreement. To increase preference utilization rates in the beginning as well as later during agreement implementation, continuous information campaigns appear to be essential, not least since importing and exporting firms change over time.
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Mameri, Daniel, Corina van Kammen, Ton G. G. Groothuis, Ole Seehausen, and Martine E. Maan. "Visual adaptation and microhabitat choice in Lake Victoria cichlid fish." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 3 (2019): 181876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181876.
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When different genotypes choose different habitats to better match their phenotypes, genetic differentiation within a population may be promoted. Mating within those habitats may subsequently contribute to reproductive isolation. In cichlid fish, visual adaptation to alternative visual environments is hypothesized to contribute to speciation. Here, we investigated whether variation in visual sensitivity causes different visual habitat preferences, using two closely related cichlid species that occur at different but overlapping water depths in Lake Victoria and that differ in visual perception ( Pundamilia spp.). In addition to species differences, we explored potential effects of visual plasticity, by rearing fish in two different light conditions: broad-spectrum (mimicking shallow water) and red-shifted (mimicking deeper waters). Contrary to expectations, fish did not prefer the light environment that mimicked their typical natural habitat. Instead, we found an overall preference for the broad-spectrum environment. We also found a transient influence of the rearing condition, indicating that the assessment of microhabitat preference requires repeated testing to control for familiarity effects. Together, our results show that cichlid fish exert visual habitat preference but do not support straightforward visual habitat matching.
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Angelo Corlett, J. "Free Will and Responsibility." Grazer Philosophische Studien 97, no. 4 (2020): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-00000123.
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Abstract Professor Keith Lehrer has recently argued for what this author shall refer to as his “preference compatibilism,” according to which, among other things, knowledge of S’s preferences is what a counterfactual intervener uses to decide when S will depart from the counterfactual intervener’s plan. Lehrer assumes, among other things, Harry G. Frankfurt’s notion of “effective wants,” which are what Lehrer calls “preferences that reveal themselves in choice given the opportunity to act” (Lehrer 2016, 36). While the author here generally concurs with Lehrer’s preference compatibilism, he shall make some suggestions with the intention of increasing its plausibility even further, especially with regard to its conception of free will when it is considered in light of certain matters of philosophy of law in particular and the ethics of responsibility (moral responsibility) more generally.
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Medenica, Vladimir E., and Matthew Fowler. "Candidate Preference, State Context, and Voter Turnout: Comparing Non-Voters and Voters in the 2016 Presidential Election." Forum 19, no. 2 (2021): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2021-0013.
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Abstract While much attention has been paid to understanding the drivers of support for Donald Trump, less focus has been placed on understanding the factors that led individuals to turn out and vote or stay home. This paper compares non-voters and voters in the 2016 election and explores how self-reported candidate preference prior to the election predicted turnout across three different state contexts: (1) all states, (2) closely contested states won by Trump, and (3) closely contested states won by Clinton. We find that preference for both candidates predicted turnout in the aggregate (all states) and in closely contested states won by Clinton, but only preference for Trump predicted turnout in the closely contested states won by Trump. Moreover, we find that political interest is negatively associated with preference for Clinton when examining candidate preferences among non-voters. Our analysis suggests that non-voters in the 2016 election held meaningful candidate preferences that impacted voter turnout but that state context played an important role in this relationship. This study sheds light on an understudied component of the 2016 election, the attitudes and behavior of non-voters, as well as points to the importance of incorporating contextual variation in future work on electoral behavior and voter turnout.
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Georgiafentis, Michalis, Anna Sfakianaki, Angeliki Tsokoglou, and Mary Baltazani. "Where do you like it?" Journal of Greek Linguistics 25, no. 1 (2025): 49–77. https://doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02501004.
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Abstract We examine utterances that contain merely contrastive, corrective, confirmative, and mirative focus structures in Greek. Through a perception experiment, we provide evidence regarding listener preferences about the syntactic position (‘high’ vs ‘low’) of the contrastively focused objects in SVO vs OVS patterns. The results suggest that listeners consider utterances with all four focus types acceptable, regardless of whether the sentential object appears in a ‘high’ or ‘low’ position in Greek, unlike other languages. Moreover, specific listener preferences are brought to light for each focus type: there is a clear preference for a ‘low’ position for mere focus, versus a ‘high’ one for corrective, while there is almost equal preference for both positions in the mirative and the confirmative structures. These findings support the distinction among the different types of contrastive focus with their respective (semantic, pragmatic, syntactic, and intonational) properties.
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Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska, Rachel Gavendo, and Erin Blackburn. "Activity Preferences of persons with dementia: An examination of reports by formal and informal caregivers." Dementia 18, no. 6 (2017): 2036–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301217740716.
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Objectives The aims of this study are (1) to describe the types of leisure activities preferred by persons with dementia in the past and present, as reported by family members and therapeutic recreation staff members, and (2) to examine the influence of demographic and functional abilities variables on the perceived current interest of persons with dementia. Method Family members of persons with dementia and therapeutic recreation staff involved in the care of those persons completed an activities preference assessment concerning the persons with dementia. Participants were recruited from a nursing home and a senior day center. Family members completed the assessment for the past and present, and staff members completed the assessment for the present. Results For present preferences, music was the most often preferred activity according to both family and staff, followed by reminiscence and reading, while the least desirable activity was cooking/baking according to family and trivia games according to the staff. Current preferences were significantly related to past preferences. Gender was also related to preference for some activities. A significant reduction in preference from the premorbid past to the present was found for music, reading, and cooking. Additionally, the number of activities persons preferred as reported by both caregiver groups was affected by dementia. Family members tended to report lower preference levels for the activities in the present in comparison to the staff, and they were also more likely to report not knowing the present level of preference than therapeutic recreation staff members. Conclusion The assessments by both therapeutic recreation staff members and family members shed light on leisure preferences of persons with dementia, while the varying reports reflect a possibly different perspective of the two caregiver groups.
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Pallegama, Ranjith W., Sunphat Namano, Kumiko Aridome, Kazuyoshi Baba, Supaboon Purnaveja, and Takashi Ohyama. "Do Patients Have a Preference for Major Connector Designs?" Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 5 (2006): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-5-71.
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Abstract Aim The aim of this research was to evaluate patients. preferences for resin analogs of four major connector designs formulated to have equal rigidity once fabricated in the same alloy Methods and Materials Nineteen Kennedy Class I or II partially edentulous patients participated at two centers. The four major connector analogs (MCAs) were fabricated for each subject using light-polymerizing acrylic resin. The subjects were asked to wear each of them in the mouth for 30 seconds in six pairs in random order, and to report their preference for each pair. Based on these data, the four analogs were ranked in a descending preference order for each patient. Within-subject comparisons preferences were performed with the Friedman test, and the multiple comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for data of each sample independently. Results Statistically significant and consistent preference orders were revealed for both samples, and the thin and wide design was significantly preferred to the thick and narrow design. However, a higher variation was observed for the first preference of each subject. Conclusions Subjects demonstrated a tendency to prefer thinner MCAs. However, the individual predilections of patients may not be an appropriate basis for an attempt to find a .best design. applicable to all patients. Citation Pallegama RW, Namano S, Aridome K, Baba K, Purnaveja S, Ohyama T. Do Patients Have a Preference for Major Connector Designs? J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:071-079.
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Wang, Ching-Yi, Hsiu-Yu Ku, and Chang-Yi Lin. "RED Is “Happy” but Also “Gloomy”: The Influence of Young People on Color Preference and Emotional Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Youth 4, no. 4 (2024): 1663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth4040106.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted human psychological and emotional states, influencing behaviors, including color preferences. This study aimed to explore how the pandemic affected people’s color preferences and emotional responses, shedding light on the broader implications for psychological well-being. A total of 231 participants were divided into two groups based on the depth to which they were affected by the pandemic, considering factors such as personality, family, friends, work/lessons, relationships, and consumption. The findings revealed four key results: (1) participants’ preference for cooler colors such as blue and green increased, reflecting a need for calmness and stability during heightened stress, while their preference for warm colors decreased. (2) Personal consumption was identified as the most severely impacted area. (3) The pandemic reduced people’s overall preference for warm colors. (4) The pandemic triggered strong negative and contradictory emotions. These results highlight the significant shift towards cooler colors, which are associated with calmness, and suggest important applications in design, marketing, and mental health initiatives. Understanding the psychological effects of the pandemic on color preferences provides valuable insights across multiple fields and emphasizes the importance of adapting to the reshaped aspects of human behavior in the face of future challenges.
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Kadous, Kathryn, Anne M. Magro, and Brian C. Spilker. "Do Effects of Client Preference on Accounting Professionals' Information Search and Subsequent Judgments Persist with High Practice Risk?" Accounting Review 83, no. 1 (2008): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.133.
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Prior research indicates that audit and tax professionals' judgments are influenced by their client's preferences, both directly and indirectly (via information search). In an experiment with tax professionals as participants, we examine whether high practice risk (i.e., exposure to monetary and nonmonetary costs of making inappropriate recommendations) mitigates these effects. We find that, when facing a client with low practice risk, professionals' search is biased in a manner that leads judgments to be consistent with client preference; however, search is less biased when facing a client with high practice risk, and resulting judgments are less consistent with client preference. We also find that, after controlling for the impact of information search, professionals tend to adjust their recommendations away from the client-preferred position, regardless of practice risk. This study sheds light on the direct and indirect paths by which client preference and practice risk affect professionals' judgments.
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Sogawa, Reimi, Fuminori Ono, Masahiko Terao, et al. "Correlation Analysis Between Time Awareness and Morningness-Eveningness Preference." Journal of Circadian Rhythms 21 (October 11, 2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jcr.225.
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The circadian clock is adjusted by light inputs via the retinohypothalamic tract. Because environmental light is controllable for modern humans at the individual’s preference although under social schedules, individual differences in time-related psychology and behavior may be associated with morningness-eveningness preference (M-E preference). To examine this hypothesis, we used the Time Management Scale and Time Anxiety Scale to quantify time-related psychology and behavior. These scales aim to evaluate “awareness of effective time management and utilization” and “anxiety about uncontrollable time schedule and unexpected time-related outcome”, respectively. According to our correlation analysis using mid-sleep time as a marker for M-E preference, we obtained results supporting our hypothesis in the correlation between the M-E preference values and the Time Management Scale scores, with larger “time estimation” and “taking each moment as it comes” scores associated with more morningness and eveningness, respectively. Considering that modern humans likely become night owls under artificial light conditions, it appears plausible that lower awareness of time management leads to more eveningness.