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1
Vijayan, D. S., S. Arvindan, D. Parthiban, B. Saravanan, and M. Kalpana. "Natural aggregates used for Light weight concrete – A Review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 993 (December 31, 2020): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/993/1/012042.
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A, Pavithra, and Jerosia De Rose D. "Application of Light Expanded Clay Aggregate as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Pavement." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.2 (September 22, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.2.19974.
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The main aim of this project is to develop a light weight concrete (LWC) by replacing the coarse aggregate with light weight expanded clay aggregate. The damage caused in LWC is less significant than conventional concrete and therefore the maintenance cost is also reduced. In order to understand the effect of light weight aggregate in concrete, conventional concrete of strength 30MPa was designed with the density of 2400 kg/m3. Then the natural coarse aggregates were replaced by clay aggregates and light weight concrete mix of density 1800 kg/m3 was designed to meet the desired strength requirement. As the density of the concrete tends to be lowered, the strength of the concrete may also tend to decrease. Hence suitable chemical and mineral admixture is to be incorporated in addition to significant water reduction to meet the strength requirement. Cement content kept constant in both the cases. The details of mechanical properties and durability properties of conventional and light weight concrete are reported in this paper.
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Dhemla, Pankaj, B. L. Swami, and Prakash Somani. "Experimental Investigation of Light Weight Concrete Using Sintered Fly Ash Aggregates." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 795, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/795/1/012032.
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El-Kafrawy, Haytham Amr, Salah El-Din Taher, and Sameh Yousef Mahfouz. "Innovative production of structural light-weight concrete by manufactured porous basalt aggregates." HBRC Journal 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16874048.2020.1853011.
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Zach, Jiri, Martin Sedlmajer, Jan Bubenik, and Vitezslav Novak. "Utilization of Non-Traditional Fibers for Light Weight Concrete Production." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.231.
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Along with energy savings for heating and cooling, the demand for thermal insulation materials is increasing and is an attempt to achieve good thermal insulation properties for some of the construction materials. In the field of porous and lightweight concrete, this is e.g. concrete for foundations, concrete for floor constructions or flat roofs. The problem with these concrete is a relatively rapid drop in mechanical properties in reducing bulk density, with using conventional silicate binders, especially in the area below 1000 kg/m3. The paper describes the possibility of using recycled organic fibers in combination with lightweight aggregates based on foam glass for the production of porous and lightweight concrete with a good ratio of mechanical and thermal insulation properties.
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Neeru Singla and Mandeep Kumar. "Optimum Percentage of Sawdust and Brick Ballast in Light Weight Concrete." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2017.52007.
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Construction industry relies heavily on conventional material such as cement, sand and gravel for the production of concrete The river sand and gravels which are most commonly used as fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively in the production of concrete, poses the problem of acute shortage in many areas, whose continued use has started posing serious problem with respect to its availability, cost and environmental impact. Attempt is being made in this project to use the locally available waste materials to replace the river sand and gravels to produce light weight and low cost concrete. Sawdust and Brick ballast are easily affordable at low costs, which are partially replaces with river sand and gravels respectively for making concrete. Natural sand and Gravels have been partially replaced (4% SD 8% BB, 4% SD 16% BB, 4% SD 24% BB, 8% SD 8% BB, 8% SD 16% BB, 8% SD 24% BB, 12% SD 8% BB, 12% SD 16% BB and 12% SD 24% BB. by using M30 grade of concrete) with sawdust and broken brick ballast respectively. For this, thirty concrete cubes of size 150mm X 150mm X 150mm have been casted and water cement ratio of 0.42 has been used. Water reducing admixture is used to increase the workability. Slump test, Compacting factor test and compressive strength at (28 days) of specimens having above combinations have been compared with control specimens. The workability and compressive strength gradually decreases for the increasing the replacement percentages. The optimum mix found to produce M30 grade of concrete is 8% of sawdust and 16% of Brick ballast.
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Kravchenko, S., O. Posternak, and O. Ahaieva. "The study of microcrack formation of structural light weight concrete with porous aggregates." Ecological Sciences, no. 1(28) (2020): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2020.eco.1-28.47.
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Khamees, Ali Abdulmohsin, Waleed Ali Tameemi, and Osama Mohaymin Al Qassag. "Mechanical Behavior of Structural Light Weight Concrete Using Low-Strength Clay Bricks Aggregates." Materials Science Forum 1002 (July 2020): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1002.399.
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This research is an experimental study on the fresh-state properties as well as the mechanical behavior of structural lightweight concrete (SLWCs) that made from recycled low-strength clay bricks (RLSCB). The test program includes testing ten mixtures of SLWCs with a target compressive strength of (35 – 40 MPa) and a target air density less than 1900 kg/m3 in addition, three mixtures of normal weight concrete (NWCs) of target compressive strength equal to 37.5 MPa were used for comparison purposes. For each mix of the fresh-status measurements, including slump, density, the air content and the temperature, a number were carried out. Furthermore, the mechanical performance for both SLWCs and NWCs under compressive, flexural and tensile stresses were conducted. The results show that structural lightweight concrete could be produced using recycled low-strength bricks as coarse aggregates with a reduction in dry density equal to 22%. Moreover, the reported results indicate that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture and elastic modulus of elasticity of SLWCs were lower those for NWCs by about 5%, 14.5%, 16.5% and 17.4%, respectively. Finally, correlations between compressive behavior and flexural behavior; compressive behavior and tensile performance; flexural behavior and tensile performance for SLWCs are proposed in this study.
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Saravanan, M., R. Gopi, and M. Harihanandh. "Durability properties of self compacting self curing concrete with presaturated light weight aggregates." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 7805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.966.
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Casanova-del-Angel, Francisco, and Jorge Luis Vázquez-Ruiz. "Manufacturing Light Concrete with PET Aggregate." ISRN Civil Engineering 2012 (December 9, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/287323.
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The manufacture of concrete using a polymer instead of a stony coarse aggregate known as gravel is presented. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the polymer used, recycling soft drink containers with sufficient tenacity. PET is a material commonly used by engineers as a structural element, not as an aggregate. The research work revealed that PET aggregate produces good quality mixtures with lower volumetric weight but mechanical behavior similar to that of natural concrete with adequate granulometry. The water/cement (W/C) ratio is lower for light concretes than for natural concrete. Regarding stress and Flexural strength, it was found that for 300 kg/cm3 and higher cement consumption, which may be due to the fact that at low W/C ratios, the coarse aggregate behavior prevails, while at high W/C ratios, the paste behavior prevails. This leads us to the fact that PET aggregate is best applied on low cement consumption up to 300 kg/m3, since expensive mixtures for higher consumption may result from use on higher consumption. Modulus of elasticity for light concretes is lower than for natural concretes. Deformations are lower for light concretes than for natural concretes. A feature of using PET to substitute coarse aggregate is volumetric weight, since it is 68.88% lighter than concrete with natural aggregates.
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Zhadanovsky, Boris, Sergey Sinenko, and Alexey Slavin. "Processing of exterior light concrete wall panels." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303017.
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The characteristics of wall panels, the facing element of which is porous concrete, are given. For exterior wall panels, laboratory suggested the exposed porous concrete of grades B7,5 and B10 based on white and grey cements M400. As aggregates, one uses limestone and granite mined in the corresponding quarry. Air-entangling additives are applied in concrete manufacturing, due to which placeability of concrete mix is improved and volumetric weight of concrete is reduced. In its turn, it allowed reducing water absorption and enhancing freeze resistance of products. Presence of fine-splitted air in formation of closed pores (pore forming) improves the structure of exposed concrete, bringing its properties closer to the ones of porous claydite-concrete as the essential material of exterior wall panel. Homogeneity of concrete by durability came to 0,70 with variability coefficient equal to 0,11, what exceeds regulatory requirements. Its factory features and way of production are indicated. The range of application and the actual cost of such panels are identified.
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Khamput, Prachoom, Sompit Tantavoranart, and Kittipong Suweero. "Improving the Thermal Insulation Properties of the Concrete Block with EVA Plastic Scrap." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.451.
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The aim of this research is to study about physical, mechanical, and thermal insulation properties of light weight concrete block products mixed with ethylene vinyl acetate plastic scrap (EVA) from shoe factories. The ratio of cement: aggregates (quarry dust + EVA): water is 1:4.5:1.66 by weight. EVA to cement ratios (E/C) are fixed at 0.00, 0.33, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.58. The concrete block samples are cast for testing the necessary properties followed the TIS standard 58-2533. From the experiment, EVA plastic with the appropriate size and quantity are well adhesive with cement as well as quarry dust mixture. The least density of light weight concrete block mixed with waste of ethylene vinyl acetate plastic products is 640 kg/cu.m. The appropriate mixtures of light weight concrete block mixed with EVA plastic scrap can reach the required values from the standard of TIS 58-2533 and can be used as a thermal insulation wall.
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MATSUDA, Manabu, Kiyoshi MURAKAMI, Yoshiyuki MITSUI, and Koji TAKEDA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ULTIMATE SHEAR STRENGTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM WITH VARIOUS LIGHT-WEIGHT AGGREGATES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 68, no. 573 (2003): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.68.137_4.
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Ibrahim, Haider A., Mohammed Mahdi, and Basim H. Hashim. "Efficiency Development of Light Weight High Strength Concrete by using Carbon Fibers." Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 2 (May 12, 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-2/82-89.
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This study aims to progress brittleness of the high strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLWAC) by using Porcelinite stone as light weight aggregates and silica fume with water cement ratio 0.28 to give 41.34 MPa compressive strength at 28-days and reinforced with carbon fibers. Fifteen mixtures using in this work with three various lengths of (5mm, 10mm, and 20mm), five mixes for every length with volume fractions (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) of carbon fibers. The slump test, compression strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were investigated to determine the mechanical properties of (HSLWAC). The density of reference (HSLWAC) that was get through the experimental work was (1835 Kg/m3) at (28) days. The results shown that at general, the brittleness of (HSLWAC) improved with increased the content and length of carbon fibers, The optimum properties was for mix (L5) of 20mm length and 2% of carbon fibers of 45.44 MPa, 3.21MPa ,and 6.97MPa for compression strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength respectively.
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Rahman, Md Mostafizur, Md Akhtarul Islam, Mainuddin Ahmed, and Md Abdus Salam. "Recycled Polymer Materials as Aggregates for Concrete and Blocks." Journal of Chemical Engineering 27 (July 27, 2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15859.
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The potential of recycled waste polymeric materials as a substitute for aggregates in concrete has been investigated in the study. Two different types of waste polymer, namely polyurethane formaldehyde (PUF) based packaging waste and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were recycled and used in the experiment. Concrete and masonry poly block specimens were prepared using recycled polymer materials, and test specimens were characterized. The effects of waste polymer materials on the mechanical, physical and morphological properties of concrete and poly blocks have been investigated. The result shows that the inclusion of waste polymer materials decreases density, porosity and water absorption of concrete and poly blocks significantly. Polyurethane formaldehyde (PUF) based block exhibited lower density than that of HDPE-based concrete. Due to exceptionally low density, recycled polymer modified blocks and concrete can be used in non-load bearing structures, floating structures and where light weight materials recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15859 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 53-57
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Pawlik, Tomasz, Daniel Michalik, Malgorzata Sopicka-Lizer, and Marcin Godzierz. "Manufacturing of Light Weight Aggregates from the Local Waste Materials for Application in the Building Concrete." Materials Science Forum 904 (August 2017): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.904.174.
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The aim of those research was to find out the technique of the car windshield glass waste utilization. The research was performed in cooperation with the Polish small company, active in the waste utilization. Manufacturing of the light weight aggregates (LWAs) for application in the building concrete has been chosen as an appropriate solution. The local coal mine slates, the fine-grained coal mine wastes and fly ash from the local power station were tried for making the suitable mixture for granulation and sintering. All waste materials were characterized for their granulation, chemical composition and thermal behavior (DTA, TG/DTG, linear changes). Several mixtures with various composition were prepared, milled, homogenized and pelletized with water addition and finally sintered at 950°C. Thermally treated granules were tested for their density, porosity and mechanical properties. Some specimens were observed in scanning microscope. It has been shown that by variation of the composition of the waste materials it is possible to produce aggregates with a large variety of mechanical properties and porosities.
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Kulkarni, Ankur Arun. "Strength and Durability of Polystyrene Concrete." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, no. 5 (January 30, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e5254.019521.
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Now a day the construction is having rapid pace, and it has increased the requirement of raw material of construction especially coarse aggregate. In order to conserve the natural resources, use of plastic waste as partial replacement of natural aggregate in production of concrete will be a right step. This research paper discusses about the study and experimental work of “Polystyrene Concrete”, comprising of polystyrene waste shredded aggregates. Polystyrene concrete is a type of concrete, produced from a mixture of cement, sand and expanded polystyrene aggregate (EPS or UEPS aggregates). Thermoplastic polymeric material which is in the beginning in the solid form (UEPS) and it can be expanded by the use of steam and an expansive agent is called as Polystyrene. The polystyrene waste shredded to size of coarse and fine aggregate is used to replace 40% of natural aggregates. Nine trial mixes with varying proportion of these three types of polystyrene waste shredded aggregates and water-cement ratio are used. The workability of the fresh concrete mix as well as compressive strength of concrete at 28 days was obtained. This study has revealed that the polystyrene waste can be effectively used for production of resilient light weight concrete. The polystyrene concrete is best suited material for non-load bearing resilient concrete structures such as partition walls and facades.
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Kimeng, Henry Tata, Olurotimi Olusegun Ekundayo, Mustapha Sani, and Kigha Frederick. "Feasibility study of the use of Groundnut Shells as Fine Aggregates in Light weight Concrete Construction." International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijare.2015.1.1.13.
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Issues bothering on sustainability in our society today have generated a lot of curious interest among researchers. The need to optimize the use of scarce resources, reduce cost of construction, and reduce environmental pollution has necessitated the research into many waste materials that pose a lot of threat to the environment. One of these waste materials is groundnut shell which is abundant in Northern Nigeria and which is normally left to rot and pose an environmental nuisance. This research therefore sought to use groundnut shell as a partial or full replacement as fine aggregate in light concrete panels with the ultimate aim of reducing the amount of these waste products in our environment and also indirectly increasing groundnut production if the research is successful. This is because farmers will not only sell the groundnuts but also will sell the waste products. 63 concrete samples were casted using groundnut shell replacements of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% and tested for 7days, 14days and 28 days for compressive strength tests. The density of the various samples measured and swelling tests were also carried out. From the results of the laboratory tests the density of the cubes ranged from 830kg/m3 for cubes with only groundnut shells to 2160kg/m3 for cubes with only sand as fine aggregates. The average compressive strength range for 0% ground shell to 100% ground shell was 5.83N/mm2 to 0.9N/mm2 at 7 days, 8.07 to 0.5 N/mm2 at 14 days and 10 to 0.6 N/mm2 at 28 days while moisture absorption increased from 0.47 to 2.04%. The strength results indicate that groundnut shell panels cannot be used for structural purposes but will be suitable for non-load bearing partition walls. Replacements of 30 to 70% had suitable strength and can be used for this purpose. It is recommended that further research to be carried out to determine its acoustic and thermal properties.
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Lu, Yao, Xiaozhi Hu, Xiaofa Yang, and Yiqiang Xiao. "Comprehensive tests and quasi-brittle fracture modeling of light-weight foam concrete with expanded clay aggregates." Cement and Concrete Composites 115 (January 2021): 103822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103822.
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Ben Messaoud, Sabah, and Bouzidi Mezghiche. "Experimental analysis of behaviour of light weight high performance concrete with crystallized slag." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 5 (October 3, 2016): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2016-0064.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to make lightweight high-performance concrete (LWHPC) with high economic performance from existing materials on the Algerian market. Concrete with high values with regard to following properties: mechanical, physical, rheological and durability. Because of the implementation of some basic scientific principles on the technology of LWHPC, this study is part of the valuation of local materials to manufacture LWHPC with several enhanced features such as mechanical, physical chemical, rheological and durability in the first place and with regard to the economic aspect in the second place. Design/methodology/approach The experimental study focused on the compatibility of cement/superplasticizer, the effect of water/cement ratio (W/C 0.22, 0.25, 0.30), the effect of replacing a part of cement by silica fume (8 per cent), the effect of combined replacement of a part of cement by silica fume (8 per cent) and natural pozzolan (10 per cent, 15 per cent, 25 per cent) and the effect of fraction of aggregate on properties of fresh and hardened concrete using the mix design method of the University of Sherbrooke, which is easy to realize and gives good results. Findings The results obtained allow to conclude that it is possible to manufacture LWHPC with good mechanical and physical properties in the authors’ town with available materials on the Algerian market. The mix design and manufacture of concrete with a compressive strength at 28 days reaching 56 MPa or more than 72 MPa is now possible in Biskra (Algeria), and it must no longer be used only in the experimental field. The addition of silica fume in concrete showed good strength development between the ages of 7 and 28 days depending on the mix design; concrete containing 8 per cent silica fume with a W/B (water/binder) of 0.25 has a compressive strength higher than other concretes, and concrete with silica fume is stronger than concrete without silica fume, so we can have concrete with a compressive strength of 62 MPa for W/C of 0.25 without silica fume. Then, one can avoid the use of silica fume to a resistance of concrete to the compressive strength of 62 MPa and a slump of 21 cm, as silica fume is the most expensive ingredient in the composition of the concrete and is very important economically. A main factor in producing high-strength concrete above 72 MPa is to use less reactive natural pozzolan (such as silica fume) in combination with silica fume and a W/B low of 0.25 and 0.30. The combination of silica fume and natural pozzolan in mixtures resulted in a very dense microstructure and low porosity and produced an enhanced permeability of concrete of high strength, as with resistance to the penetration of aggressive agents; thus, an economical concrete was obtained using this combination. Research limitations/implications The study of the influence of cementitious materials on concrete strength gain was carried out. Other features of LWHPC such as creep, cracking, shrinkage, resistance to sulphate attack, corrosion resistance, fire resistance and durability should be also studied, because there are cases where another feature is most important for the designer or owner than the compressive strength at 28 days. Further studies should include a range of variables to change mixtures significantly and determine defined applications of LWHPC to produce more efficient and economical concretes. It is important to gather information on LWHPC to push forward the formulation of characteristics for pozzolan concrete for the building industry. Practical implications The LWHPC can be used to obtain high modules of elasticity and high durability in special structures such as marine structures, superstructures, parking, areas for aircraft/airplane runways, bridges, tunnels and industrial buildings (nuclear power stations). Originality/value The novel finding of the paper is the use of crystallized slag aggregates and natural pozzolan aggregates to obtain LWHPC.
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S, Anandh, and Gunasekaran K. "Investigation on Mechanical properties of Partial replacement of Saw-Dust to Fine-Aggregate in Coconut-Shell Concrete." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11508.
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Concrete is the major composite material used in construction industry, it is strong in Compression and weak in tension and also has high self-weight. The light weight concrete was a alternative to conventional concrete due its low weight it decreases the self weight. Comparatively by using the light weight materials that occur either naturally or industrial waste, these material helps in reducing the cost and to improve the performance. Presently in India, more than 960 million tones of solid waste were being generated annually as by-products during industrial, agricultural mining and other processes. This paper deals with coconut shell concrete, which is one of the solid waste in the environment, and the use of this coconut shell as a replacement to coarse aggregate will reduce the weight of concrete by 25%. The other waste that was disposed mostly was sawdust. It was a byproduct of cutting or drilling of wood with saw or other tool. It is composed of fine particles of wood. It is having many advantages over traditional concrete like low bulk density, better heat preservation and heat insulation property. As said earlier to make concrete strong in tension coconut fiber is added, which is a waste material that left to disposal and as it is strong and stiff will hold the concrete material and also controls the crack. This study investigates on the use of sawdust as partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete production. Sawdust was used to replace fine aggregates in Conventional and as well as in Coconut Shell concrete from 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. M25 grade of concrete was selected and testing is evaluated at age of 3, 7 and 28 days. From the results, increase in percentage of saw-dust in concrete cubes led to corresponding reduction in compressive strength values, and the optimum saw-dust content was obtained at 5% in conventional as well as in coconut shell concrete , coconut fiber was added at the optimum value of sawdust on conventional and coconut shell concrete at 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%. The better strength was obtained at 2% addition of fiber in coconut shell concrete and at 3% addition in conventional concrete.
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Efendi, Fikki, Fredy Kurniawan, and Diah Ayu Restuti Wulandari. "THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVE WITH FOAM AGENT AND COCONUT SHELL ON LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE." Neutron 19, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/neutron.v19i1.79.
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Concrete houses have a higher social and economic status. This study provides another consideration for the selection of building materials (Wonorahardjo, 2008). There are several ways that can be used to make concrete lighter, including using lightweight aggregates, substituting coarse aggregates with foam agents, adding coconut shells and additives where coconut shell waste has not been used optimally. In this research, a lightweight concrete mixture made from additives 5M additive, foam agent and coconut shell using 3 kg cement composition. While the 5M additives variation of 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% of cement, 15 milliliters of foam agent and coconut shell of 1%, with consideration of the specimens for 28 days not soaked non-curing. The test specimen is made with a size of 15x30 cm. This study is to determine the weight, compressive strength of the lightweight concrete produced. The results of research on the use of additional 5M additives, foam agents and coconut shells cause concrete to be lighter and compressive strength decreases. The weight of light concrete at 28 days not soaked is 775 kg / cm3, while the quality of concrete is 22 kg / cm2.
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Heiza, Khaled, Fatma Eid, and Taha Masoud. "Lightweight self-compacting concrete with light expanded clay aggregate (LECA)." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816202031.
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Lightweight concretes have been successfully applied in building constructions for many years due to their favorable material properties, particularly their low specific weight in connection with a high strength, a high capability of thermal insulation and a high durability. The development leading to lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) represents an important advanced step within the recent years. This concrete combines the favorable properties of a lightweight concrete with those of a self-compacting concrete. Research work is aimed on development of (LWSCC) with the use of light aggregates “Light expanded clay aggregate (LECA)”. In this research, first by specific gravity factor method, twenty different mix designs of (LWSCC) were cast and tested to find out the values of slump flow, J-ring , V-funnel and 28 day compressive strength. Based on the results obtained, the best mix design was selected for further investigation. This paper also focuses on studying the effect of changing the reinforcement ratio on reinforced two way slabs when the dimensions were kept constant.
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Candra, Agata Iwan, and Eko Siswanto. "REKAYASA JOB MIX BETON RINGAN MENGGUNAKAN HYDROTON DAN MASTER EASE 5010." Jurnal CIVILA 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v3i2.258.
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Concrete is a composite building material that functions very widely in the field of construction. This object is quite environmentally friendly in its application, because its existence can reduce the use of wood in the world of construction construction. But the size of the excess weight that is owned by the concrete structure when compared with wood is still less efficient, especially in the application for building construction with a building height of more than one floor. lighter.On this occasion we tried to use a number of aggregate combinations to design a lightweight concrete formula mix design to match the specified spec. The composition and aggregates that we use are type I portland cement, Master Ease 5010 additive, Hydroton, Batu Gombong as coarse aggregates and sand which are used as fine aggregates. Hydrotonini has hard and light characteristics. Shaped like spheres - small spheres measuring 1 - 2.5cm, usually used as alternative planting media in general. With such characteristics Hydroton is considered able to be used as a coarse aggregate substitute in the manufacture of lightweight concrete job mixes
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Purwanti, Heny, and Titik Penta Artiningsih. "PALM KERNEL SHELL AS AN ALTERNATIVE AGGREGATE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE CONCRETE." Journal of Science Innovare 1, no. 02 (March 13, 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jsi.v1i02.1004.
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Coarse aggregates commonly used in concrete are coarse natural aggregates, which are broken stones or gravel. Continuous rock exploration can cause environmental damage or even more severe ecosystem damage. Therefore it is necessary to substitute an alternative aggregate. Indonesia has the second largest oil palm plantation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in the world after Malaysia. Plantations are renewable resources, so palm oil is also potential to be used as an alternative to diesel fuel. Palm kernel shells are palm oil industry wastes which are generally underutilized. Palm kernel shells can be used as an alternative to coarse aggregate, because oil palm shells have the advantage of being hard, tough and good durability due to the high content of lignin and silica dioxide (SiO2), such as hard wood, but low cellulose content so it is not easy rot. The strength of the palm oil shell is quite good. In addition, the aggregate gradation also fulfills the requirements without a breakdown process, which has a thickness of 2-4 mm and a maximum width of 15 mm. The volume of oil palm shells is + 600 kg/m3, so it will produce significant light weight concrete. The concrete studied was concrete with a coarse aggregate of tenera palm kernel shells, with fine aggregates of natural sand, and a Portland Composite Cement (PCC), but the PCC content was reduced and replaced by FA which varied from 0%, 5%, 10 %, 15%, 20 and 25%. Concrete also added superplasticizer (SP). SP is used to reduce water use, because the shell absorbs water. SP levels also vary, namely 0%, 1%, and 1.2%. The weight of the volume of concrete with various levels of fly ash and SP is 1700-1800 kg/m3, so it can be classified as lightweight concrete. Increased FA levels will increase compressive strength, but only up to 10%, after which the strength decreases. Compressive strength of specimens with SP 0% and FA 10% is 17.92 MPa, for SP levels of 1% and FA 10% is 22.15 MPa, while for SP levels of 1.2% and FA 10% is 19.35 MPa . So that it can be concluded that the palm shell as bio-material (renewable resources) can be used as a substitute for natural coarse aggregates. The optimum fly ash level is 10%, and to reduce water use SP 1%. The use of oil palm shells as a substitute for gravel means reducing the waste of the palm oil industry, while reducing rock exposures. In addition, in Indonesia there are many areas where there are no rock sources while oil palm plantations are quite extensive.
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Kruger, Deon, and Michael van der Westhuizen. "Development of an Ultra-Lightweight Thin Film Polymer Modified Concrete Material." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.131.
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Certain construction situations call for the use of ultra-lightweight concrete materials. The properties of such materials allow for the utilisation of concrete in weight critical applications, for example precast elements, roofing panels, flooring and cladding of structures. The weight saving benefits of lightweight concrete are evident, yet a trade-off in the strength and durability characteristics of the concrete are made. This paper sets out to develop an ultra-lightweight thin filmed polymer modified concrete material for such applications. This material may incorporate specialised aggregates and admixtures to meet performance requirements but the effects of these on the performance of the lightweight concrete are to be carefully evaluated. This paper presents some of the results obtained by means of laboratory testing as well in-situ testing. As part of the in-situ testing, the paper also reports on the practical evaluation of the ultra-lightweight material characteristics performed through the construction of a light weight concrete racing canoe. This allowed for the evaluation of the material performance characteristics and the establishment of acceptable work and application methods when constructing with this material.
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Corinaldesi, Valeria. "Influence of Lightweight Aggregates and GRP By-Product Powders on the Properties of Self-Compacting Concretes." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.215.
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Self-compacting lightweight concrete was developed to attain good workability, high compressive strength (at least 50 MPa), minimum cracks, and low specific weight (less than 2000 kg/m3), as well as low elastic modulus (about 30 GPa). The attention was also focused on sustainability of this construction material, which was improved by using in the mixture both GRP industrial by-product as filler and artificial (light expanded clay) or recycled (demolished concrete) as coarse aggregates replacing natural gravel. Satisfactory, if not excellent, results were obtained from the collected experimental data.
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Malekpour, S., A. Mohammadja, S. Nazari, and S. P. Seyyedi. "Producing Light Weight Concrete Using Pumice and Mineral Aggregates and Comparing the Curing Process of Autoclave with Saturated Condition." Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 15, 2010): 996–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.996.1000.
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Wasiu, John, and Daoud Mohammad Baba. "INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL POLYMER ADDITIVE ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE CONCRETE." Acta Polytechnica 60, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2020.60.0158.
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This research investigated the effect of Renolith chemical polymer additive (RCPA) on the properties of expanded polystyrene (ESP) concrete. Renolith chemical additive is a polymer-based product in a liquid form made up of latex and cellulose. Polystyrene panels were collected as a waste materials and grinded into smaller beads. An experimental investigation was carried out on the EPS replacement ranging from 0% to 100% on the M30 (C25/C30) mix design. Engineering properties, such as workability, density, water absorption, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests, were studied for both the conventional and EPS concrete. The results indicate that workability increases with increasing amount of EPS contents. Water absorption, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength yielded a satisfactory result at 0-50% replacement. The density of the EPS concrete at 0-37.5% replacement revealed similar values to a conventional concrete; and light-weight concrete (1817.5 - 1030 kg⁄m3) was achieved at a 50-100% replacement. Generally, the addition of the RCPA to the concrete mix has caused an improvement in the properties of the EPS concrete. It was concluded that EPS beads can be used as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates in the production of both structural light-weight and dense concrete. The replacement of coarse aggregate with EPS beads showed a positive application as an alternative material for the construction industry.
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Olugbenga, Oyedepo J. "Utilization of Industrial Waste Products in the Production of Asphalt Concrete for Road Construction." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2019-0026.
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Abstract The utilization of industrial waste products to produce asphalt concrete for road construction was investigated. Aggregates were partially replaced with aluminum slag (AS) and crushed ceramic tiles (CCT) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight. Physical tests were performed on the aggregates, while a flash and fire point test as well as penetration tests were carried out on the bitumen. Similarly, Marshall stability tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens of the asphalt concrete. The average values of 18.88 and 30.69 obtained for the aggregate impact value (AIV) and aggregate crushing value (ACV) were satisfactory for road surfacing when compared with the specification. Marshall stability values of 10.84 KN, 4.27 KN, and 3.21 KN respectively were obtained with 30%, 20%, and 50% partial replacements with AS. The percentages were suitable for heavy, medium and light traffic when compared with the Marshall design criteria provided by the Asphalt Institute. The use of aluminum slag and crushed ceramic tile could reduce the large volume of industrial waste and the cost of pavement construction and maintenance.
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Kim, Kang Duk, and Seung Gu Kang. "Impact Sound Reduction Analysis of Concrete Slab Containing Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Fabricated Using a Sewage Sludge." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.581.
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The artificial lightweight aggregate (ALA) was fabricated using a sewage sludge produced from a municipal wastewater, and impact sound reduction analysis for concrete slab made with the ALA was done. Specific gravity of ALA decreased with the sewage sludge content due to the gas bloating caused by melt films on the surface of ALA, which is formed easily because of low temperature melting P2O5 and modifiers, CaO, MgO and K2O contained in the sewage sludge. And water absorption of ALA increased with the sewage sludge content owing to open pores which were formed by connecting an inside pore to a surface. A specific gravity of 10mm diameter ALA was lower than that of 7mm ALA since a trapped gas could not escape from the core to the surface of ALA due to longer moving distance. The ALA containing 20 wt% sludge sintered in a electric furnace showed a specific gravity 15% lower and water absorption 50% higher than that of ALA sintered in a rotary kiln. It might be attributed to easy release of gases during the pre-heat zone (600-1000oC) in the rotary kiln, resulting in densification of ALA. Light and heavy weight floor impact sound of concrete slab made with ALA were 63-72dB and 44-76dB respectively, similar to a general concrete slab. The unit weight of concrete slab made with ALA, however, was 18% lower than that of general one owing to the lightweight of ALA, so it could be suitable to applying for high-rise building.
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Nejati, Faezeh, and S. A. Edalatpanah. "Experimental investigation for the effect of fiber on the mechanical properties of light-weight concrete under dry and wet conditions." International Journal of Structural Integrity 11, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 216–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-04-2019-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of steel and carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of light concrete in terms of tension strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus under completely dry and wet conditions. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the lightweight concrete made of Light Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) as coarse aggregate and sand as fine aggregate was used. To achieve a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa, microsilica was used 10 percent by weight of cement. In order to compensate for the reduction of tension strength of concrete, steel and carbon fibers were used with three volume ratio of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent in concrete. The results of concrete specimens were studied at the age of 7, 28, 42 and 90 days under controlled dry and wet conditions. Findings The results showed that the addition of steel and carbon fibers to the concrete mixture would reduce the drop in slump. Also, the use of steel and carbon fibers plays a significant role in increasing the tension strength of the specimens. Furthermore, the highest increase in tension strength of steel and carbon fiber samples was 83.3 and 50 percent, respectively, than the non-fibrous specimen when evaluated at 90 days of age. Moreover, the steel and carbon fiber increased the water absorption of the samples. Adding steel and carbon fibers to a lightweight concretes mixture containing LECA aggregates plays a significant role in increasing the modulus of elasticity of the samples. The highest increase in the elastic modulus of steel and carbon fibers was 18.9 and 35.4 percent, respectively, than the non-fibrous specimen at 28 days of age. Originality/value In this paper, the authors investigated the mechanical properties of steel fiber and carbon reinforced concrete. Also, according to the conditions of storage of samples and the age of concrete (day), the experiments were carried out on samples.
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Kim, Jinman, Haseog Kim, and Sangchul Shin. "An Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Stability of Dry Bottom Ash as a Concrete Light Weight Aggregate." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185291.
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Compared to the bottom ash obtained by a water-cooling system (wBA), dry process bottom ash (dBA) makes hardly any unburnt carbon because of its stay time at the bottom of the boiler and contains less chloride because there is no contact with seawater. Accordingly, to identify the chemical stability of dBA as a lightweight aggregate for construction purposes, the chemical properties of dBA were evaluated through the following process of the reviewing engineering properties of a lightweight aggregate (LWA). Typically, river gravel and crushed gravel have been used as coarse aggregates due to their physical and chemical stability. The coal ash and LWA, however, have a variety of chemical compositions, and they have specific chemical properties including SO3, unburnt coal and heavy metal content. As the minimum requirement to use the coal ash and lightweight aggregate with various chemical properties for concrete aggregate, the loss on ignition, the SO3 content and the amount of chloride should be examined, and it is also necessary to examine heavy metal leaching even though it is not included in the standard specifications in Korea. Based on the results, it is believed that there are no significant physical and chemical problems using dBA as a lightweight aggregate for concrete.
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Harish, M. L., H. Narendra, and Md Rizwan Tahashildar. "Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Expanded Polystyrene, Cinder and Silica Fume." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9068.
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Lightweight aggregate concrete is developed by substituting normal weight aggregate either fully or partially based on required strength and density. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) bead is a type of low density material, which also has good energy-absorbing characteristics and can be used as light weight aggregate in concrete. In the present study, Structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) was produced by fully replacing normal weight aggregate with combinations of EPS beads to Cinder by the ratio 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 respectively and Silica fume was used as supplementary cementitious material. The resulting concrete had strength variation between 24.85 to 12.01 MPa, and the density variation of 1896 to 1664 kg/m3. Considering strength and density criteria 40:60 ratios was observed as the optimal mix. The Compressive strength acquired by concrete was inversely proportional to the volume of EPS beads. Effect of fibres on mechanical properties such as flexural strength, compressive strength, and split-tensile strength was investigated on optimal mix by using polypropylene fibres, it was observed that a 13.24% increase in flexural strength at 1% fibres, 8.41% increase in Compressive strength at 1% fibres and 23.11% increase in split-tensile strength at 1% fibres. Along with these, durability tests such as water absorption and permeability tests were performed, the performance of this concrete in water absorption test and permeability is well within the acceptable limits as the EPS ratio in the concrete increased, the absorption and depth of penetration values increased considerably. Microscopic observations were also made to study the interface amongst the cement paste and aggregates. It was revealed that silica fume has influenced significantly in bonding with EPS beads.
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Nováková, Iveta, and Petra Macháňová. "Ultrasound Measurements for the Detection of Disintegration of Concrete Slabs Exposed to Fire." Advanced Materials Research 1100 (April 2015): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.124.
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The paper presents the application of ultrasound measurements for the determination of structural alterations of concrete exposed to fire. Concrete is evaluated as an incombustible material, class A1, but the high exposure temperature, like in fire, may cause cracks and changes of internal structure. The ultrasound measurement is a nondestructive method. It is possible to measure ultrasound velocity before and after thermal loading. The ultrasound measurement could be used also at building side as to detect structural alterations after a fire or imperfection in concrete elements. Three different concrete mixtures were prepared and tested in this study. The basalt aggregate were used in the reference mixture and in a mixture with addition of polypropylene fibers (PP-fibers). The third concrete was made with light weight aggregates (LWA). The test slabs (dimension 10 × 30 × 1150 mm) were poured and cured in laboratory ambient (22°C and 40% RH) for 3 months. Then the slabs were exposed to fire, according to standard temperature-time curve ISO 834. The ultrasound velocity was determined on crossline screen of 10 points before and after heating of the concrete slabs. The results of ultrasound measurements indicate the changes of internal concrete structure. The cracks are formed by pressure of evaporating unbounded water and thermal extensibility of single components.
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Harish, M. L., H. Narendra, and Md Azam Afzal. "Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Expanded Polystyrene, Cinder and Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9067.
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Lightweight aggregate concrete is developed by substituting normal weight aggregate either fully or partially based on strength and density required. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) bead is a type of low density material, which also has good energy-absorbing characteristics and can be used as light weight aggregate in concrete. In the present study, Structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) was produced by fully replacing normal weight aggregate with combinations of EPS beads to Cinder by the ratio 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 respectively. And GGBS was used as supplementary cementitious material. The resulting concrete had strength variation between 29.5 to 11.6 MPa, and the density variation of 2192 to 1701 kg/m3. Considering strength and density criteria 40:60 ratios was observed as the optimal mix. The Compressive strength acquired by concrete was inversely proportional to the volume of EPS beads. Effect of fibers on mechanical properties such as flexural strength, compressive strength, and split-tensile strength was studied on the optimal mix by using polypropylene fibers, it was observed that an 8.78% increase in flexural strength at 1% fibers, 16.5% increase in Compressive strength at 0.5% fibers, and 35.4% increase in split-tensile strength at 1% fibers. Along with this, durability tests such as water absorption and permeability tests were performed, the performance of this concrete in water absorption test is well within the limits but in permeability, it underperformed which confirms that as the EPS ratio in the concrete increased, the absorption and depth of penetration values increased considerably. Microscopic observations were also made to study the interface amongst the cement paste and aggregates. It was revealed that GGBS did not influence significantly on the bonding with EPS beads.
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Amri, Dian, and Irwan Irwan. "Pengaruh Penambahan Pecahan Kulit Kemiri Sebagai Pengganti Sebagian Agregat Kasar Pada Beton Terhadap Massa Dan Kuat Tekan Beton." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BUILDING AND TRANSPORTATION 3, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jcebt.v3i2.2778.
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Concrete is a material that is widely used and become a major element in the building. The advantages of concrete, among others, have a strong high pressure than the tensile strength, easily formed, does not require special care, the material is easy to obtain from the surrounding, and more durable than other building materials. The more concrete is used as the constituent material of the concrete, hence encouraging research to develop the material as well as the way of making concrete. Hazelnut shell is one type of particle that is very light weight in a dry and quite hard. Where the hazelnut shell is it self known as a lot of waste accumulated and tend to become garbage because its utilization is still small or relatively small, so it needs to be handled seriously. In addition, today hazelnut shell is only used for a small need only. The purpose of this research is to find out the compressive strength of concrete and to utilize the waste of hazelnut shell as 10%, 20% and 30% concrete additives with the planned K225 concrete quality, with 28 days concrete plan, The addition of hazelnut shell to the concrete mixture resulted decrease in compressive strength of normal concrete in each variation of the percentage. This is because the mixture of hazelnut shell is not strong enough to be a substitute for coarse aggregates, resulting in a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete
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Ma, Hai Long, Chong Cui, and Bi Xin Zhang. "Effect of Autoclaved Aggregate Structure on Strength of Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2438.
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This paper focuses on studying the physical and mechanical performance of propylene oxide sludge aggregates having no shell (POSA-0), single storey shell (POSA-1) and gradient shell (POSA-2) prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and autoclave curing process. The effect of the aggregate structure on strength of their concrete has been examined and discussed in case of a fixed water cement ratio. The results show that all the autoclaved propylene oxide sludge aggregate (POSA) were light-weight and high-strength regardless of the aggregate structure and all three structured POSA have no wall effect with the cement mortar. Aggregate structure has little influence on the physical and mechanical performance of POSA and splitting tension strength of POSA concrete, however, it plays important role in dictating the compressive strength of concrete because of their different extent of influence on the improvement of interface and relieving the stress concentration. 28d compressive strength of the concrete with the POSA-2 as coarse aggregate can reach 82 MPa, which is 13.9%, 2.5% and 10.8% higher than that of the concrete with POSA-0 as coarse aggregate, the concrete with POSA-1 as coarse aggregate and common concrete, respectively. 28d splitting tension strength of common concrete can reach 7.76 MPa, which is higher 22.6%, 16.3%, 15.8% than that of concrete with POSA-0 as coarse aggregate, concrete with POSA-1 as coarse aggregate and concrete with POSA-2 as coarse aggregate, respectively.
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Ab Kadir, Mariyana Aida, Mohammad Iqbal Khiyon, Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam, Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh, Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim, Muhammad Najmi Mohamad Ali Mastor, Nurizaty Zuhan, and Roslli Noor Mohamed. "Performance of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete exposed to high temperature." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-10-2018-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical properties, material composition of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete at room and elevated temperatures. Bonding of the concrete containing spent garnet and reinforcing rebar is investigated. Moreover, the optimum thickness of concrete cover subjected to elevated temperatures is investigated. Design/methodology/approach First, the plain spent garnet was physically, chemically and thermally studied. Then, a series of concrete specimens with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent of spent garnet were prepared to determine the optimum percentage of spent garnet. Finally, the physical and mechanical behaviours of concrete specimens and effects of cover thickness on steel rebar when subjected to elevated temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1 h were studied. It was observed that spent garnet was thermally stable compared to river sand. Findings Mechanical properties were found to be optimal for concrete with 40% spent garnet replacement. Physically, spent garnet concrete changed colour to brown at 400°C, and to whitish grey at 600°C. The residual compressive strength of spent garnet concrete was also found slightly higher than that for control specimens. At various high temperatures, the reduction in ultimate tensile stress for steel bar inside concrete cover of 30 mm was the lowest compared to that of 20 mm. Research limitations/implications Spalling effect it not considered in this study. Practical implications The optimum concrete cover is important issues in reinforced concrete design. This can be used as a guideline by structural designers when using a different type of concrete material in the construction. Social implications Utilization of the waste spent garnet reduces usage of natural aggregates in concrete production and enhances its performance at elevated temperatures. Natural aggregates are normally taken from sand and rock. The new innovation in concrete perhaps can produce light concrete, reduce the cost of concrete production and at the same time also mitigates environmental problems affect from waste material such as minimizing disposal area. Originality/value Utilization of spent garnet in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete at high temperature is a new innovation. It shows that the concrete cover of the concrete element reduced as compared to the OPC concrete. Reduce in weight concrete however the strength of concrete is similar to conventional concrete. This study at elevated temperature has never been performed by any previous researcher.
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Emeghai, Joshua Chukwuemeka, and Ogheneale Umukoro Orie. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Agricultural Waste as a Partial Substitute for Granite as Coarse Aggregate." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol4iss2pp5-12.
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The paper investigated the effect of using Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as a partial substitute for granite as coarse aggregate in concrete production, aimed at developing an alternative form of construction material without compromising structural integrity. Randomly sourced dried and undried palm kernel shells, were used to replace coarse aggregate by weight to a standard mix ratio of 1:2:4:0.54. The dried shells were obtained by heating in an improvised oven at 800C. The physical and geotechnical properties of the aggregates were determined. Results showed that the aggregate impact value of granite and PKS used were 0.228 and 0.104 respectively. The substitution of the coarse aggregate was varied from 0% to 20%. A slump test was used to determine the workability of the fresh concrete. A total of 108 concrete cubes measuring 100mm×100mm×100mm were investigated at 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days. The control mix gave compressive strengths of 25.67 N/mm2, 29.83 N/mm2, 31.33 N/mm2 and 35.67 N/mm2 at 7, 14, 21 and 28days respectively. The compressive strengths of undried PKS cement blended concrete and dried PKS substitute at 5% were 23.17 N/mm2, 27.00 N/mm2, 28.00 N/mm2, 26.00 N/mm2 and 17.50 N/mm2, 16.17 N/mm2, 18.16 N/mm2, 20.00 N/mm2 respectively for 7, 14, 21 and 28days curing periods. The highest compressive strength of 28.00 N/mm2 decreased by 21.50% from the control of 35.67 N/mm2. This compressive strength is adequate for light weight construction works as specified by BS EN 206:2013.
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Manzur, Tanvir, Shohana Iffat, and Munaz Ahmed Noor. "Efficiency of Sodium Polyacrylate to Improve Durability of Concrete under Adverse Curing Condition." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/685785.
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The conventional external curing process requires supply of large amount of water in addition to mixing water as well as strict quality control protocol. However, in a developing country like Bangladesh, many local contractors do not have awareness and required knowledge on importance of curing which often results in weaker concrete with durability issues. Moreover, at times it is difficult to maintain proper external curing process due to nonavailability of water and skilled laborer. Internal curing can be adopted under such scenario since this method is simple and less quality intensive. Usually, naturally occurring porous light weight aggregates (LWA) are used as internal curing agent. However, naturally occurring LWA are not available in many countries like Bangladesh. Under these circumstances, Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) can be utilized as an alternative internal curing agent. In this study, sodium polyacrylate (SP) as SAP has been used to produce internally cured concrete. Desorption isotherm of SP has been developed to investigate its effectiveness as internal curing agent. Test results showed that internally cured concrete with SP performed better in terms of both strength and durability as compared to control samples when subjected to adverse curing conditions where supply of additional water for external curing was absent.
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Kurpińska, Marzena, and Elżbieta Haustein. "Experimental Study of the Resistance to Influence of Aggressive Liquids on Lightweight Concrete." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154185.
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In light of the scientific research, the corrosion of concrete structures is one of the main problems that may reduce their durability due to the negative impact of the natural environment. The paper analyzes the influence of the type of component on the selected properties of lightweight concrete subjected to the influence of aggressive liquids. Four concrete mixes were prepared with a granular aggregate made of foamed glass (GEGA) and aggregate made of sintered fly ash (GAA) with the use of a mineral additive: silica fly ash. The prepared lightweight concrete after one year was exposed for 60 days to the following environments: strong acid—HCl, 1% and 2% concentration, weak acid—CH3COOH, 1% and 2% concentration, and an aqueous salt solution of Na2SO4, 1% and 2% concentration. Then, the compressive strength was tested, and the microstructure analysis of the ready-made lightweight concrete (LWC) was performed. The degree of penetration of aggressive solutions into the cracks of the samples was assessed by means of applying 1% phenolphthalein solution. Changes in the weight of lightweight concrete samples after the test period were estimated. The obtained test results indicate that the decrease in the durability of lightweight concrete can be classified as a long-term process. Concrete with GEGA and GAA showed high resistance to aggressive environments. Moreover, the environment containing chlorides turned out to be the most aggressive, while the environment containing sulfates proved to be the least aggressive. The higher the concentration of the destructive factor was, the faster the corrosion process went. This has been proven by measuring the pH using phenolphthalein and carrying out microscopic examination. Concretes containing aggregates made of foamed glass and sintered fly ash are suitable for use both in traditional construction and in facilities exposed to an aggressive environment (e.g., in the chemical industry and at gas stations).
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Chulkova, I. L., and I. A. Selivanov. "Use of fibre waste as a binder." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-2-204-215.
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Introduction. The need for a more efficient and varied use of waste from the pulp and paper industry dictates the need to search for new directions for the use of such waste in construction materials science technologies.Materials and methods. In the studies the fibre waste of the Perm Cardboard LLC company with a moisture content after washing of 300% by weight was used. Currently, many issues of theory and practice the production of materials from the fibre waste are not entirely solved, resulting in a number of provisions borrowed from the theory of the production of concrete mineral aggregates, as well as the production of pulp and paper industry.Results. Due to its chemical and material composition, the possibility of using the fibre waste in construction materials science technologies as an independent air binder is shown. The studies have established that the initial moisture content of the fibre waste as a binder affects the final quality indicators of a dry material. Thus, the lowest dry material density of 350 kg/m3 is observed at the initial humidity of the mixture in the range of 650% by weight. At a density of 350 kg/m3, the hygroscopicity of the material is 4.3%, the shrinkage from 10 to 25%. The drying time of the product is within 11 hours. A leveling high shrinkage is achieved by introducing light aggregates with a rough surface during the molding process.Discussion and conclusions. The obtained data on the structure, the composition of the fibre waste, as well as the dependence and regularities of the behavior of a highly concentrated dispersed system of the ‘fibre waste-water’ type show the possibility of using the fibre waste for the production of thermal insulation materials, both as a main component and in a composition with aggregates as an independent air binder. At the same time, the final density indicators of thermal insulation products are within the limits established by regulatory documents.
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Martins, Carlos Humberto, and Silvia Paula Sossai Altoé. "Avaliação da Utilização da Cinza de Bagaço de Cana-de-Açúcar na Confecção de Blocos de Concreto para Pavimentação." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 8, Ed.esp. (May 20, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2015v8ned.esp.p39-54.
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A reciclagem dos resíduos agroindustriais é apontada por diversos pesquisadores como a melhor solução a ser dada para dois grandes problemas ambientais atuais: a escassez de recursos naturais e a disposição inadequada desses resíduos. Sendo assim a pesquisa teve como objetivo o estudo técnico da potencialidade da utilização da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (CBC) na substituição do agregado miúdo na confecção de blocos de concreto para pavimentação (pavers), sujeitos a solicitações leves. Para atingir este objetivo a metodologia adotada compreendeu etapas como: a caracterização dos resíduos a serem utilizados, confecção dos pavers com diferentes teores de substituição parcial de agregado miúdo e determinação das principais características dos pavers. A CBC mostrou-se um resíduo viável para a substituição parcial do agregado miúdo na fabricação dos pavers por apresentar uma melhora expressiva das características analisadas (resistência à compressão, absorção e abrasão) em relação aos pavers fabricados sem a substituição parcial da areia pela CBC. Assessment of Ashes from Sugar Cane Bagasse in the Manufacture of Concrete Pavers The recycle of agroindustrial residues is one of the best solutions for two currently important issues: the scarcity of natural resources and the inadequate disposal of wastes. Current research studies the potentiality of the use of ashes from sugar cane bagasse to replace small aggregates in the manufacture of concrete pavers enduring light weight. Methodology comprises the characterization of residues, manufacture of pavers with different types of replacement of small aggregates and the determination of the pavers´ main features. Ash from sugar cane bagasse is a viable residue for the manufacture of pavers due to an expressive improvement of the characteristics analyzed (resistance to compression, absorption and abrasion) with regard to pavers made with the partial substitution of sand grain by ash bagasse. KEYWORDS: Ashes From Sugar Cane Bagasse; Pavers; Recycling.
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Sun, Jinkun, Rita Yi Man Li, Nuttapong Jotikasthira, Kui Li, and Liyun Zeng. "Experimental Study on Lightweight Precast Composite Slab of High-Titanium Heavy-Slag Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 9, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665388.
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Precast composite slabs are an essential component in concrete-prefabricated buildings. At present, there are problems such as overweightedness and imperfect test for quality and structural performance of the precast floors, leading to restriction in the development of prefabricated buildings. In this study, by using industrial solid-waste high-titanium heavy slag as coarse and fine aggregates, with fly ash and silica fume for the partial substitution of the cement, we developed a green lightweight precast composite slab of high-titanium heavy-slag concrete (LPCSHTHSC) after adding shale ceramite as the light aggregate. By selecting the weight and the strength of LPCSHTHSC as the technical control indexes, we performed an orthogonal test of lightweight proportions. Through a comprehensive analysis of the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, density, and an economic consideration, the optimal proportion was determined as follows: water-to-binder ratio of 0.43, mixing amount of the fly ash of 4%, mixing amount of the silica fume of 8%, mixing amount of the water-reducing agent of 0.5%, sand ratio of 35%, and cement at the strength grade of 42.5. Next, the bending performance test was conducted on LPCSHTHSC. According to the results, the LPCSHTHSC exhibited excellent mechanical performance, and its ultimate bearing capacity far exceeded the designed value. The ultimate bearing capacity calculated using the plastic hinge wire method differed slightly from the test value, suggesting the applicability of the proposed method to the calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity. Finally, the finite element analysis results of LPCSHTHSC were consistent with the actual bending mechanical performance test results, which proved both the accuracy and the reliability of the present finite element analysis based on the plastic damage constitutive model. The present study can provide an insightful theoretical and test foundation for the lightweight application of high-titanium heavy-slag concrete in other prefabricated components.
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Shawnim, Paybar Ali, and Fouad Mohammad. "COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF FOAMED CONCRETE IN RELATION TO POROSITY USING SEM IMAGES." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1005.2019.
Full textAbstract:
Foamed concrete specimens were examined for compressive strength at (28 and 180) days air sealed curing, as well as at 28 days water cured. Also, the microstructure of fifteen selected FC specimens was investigated for porosity in relation to compressive strength using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. Twenty two batches of FC specimens of the densities (1100, 1600 and 1800) kg/m3 were made with fine sand and brick aggregates with toner and metakaolin (MK) inclusion as additives, they were casted in polystyrene cube moulds of (100x100x100) mm. Results show, it is possible to produce FC with high compressive strength in the range of (28.5 to 59.2) N/mm2, with a variety of materials, while the 1600 kg/m3 density with the inclusion of toner and MK20 is the favourite, which can be used for structural elements. Conventionally, compressive strength is in an inverse relationship with porosity, as porosity increases, compressive strength decreases, but using toner and MK20 can alter this relationship between porosity and compressive strength, where by it is possible to produce a relatively light weight high porosity FC matrix to exhibit high compressive strength. Maturity of the FC at 180 days, can demonstrate an increase in the compressive strength. The microstructural investigations through SEM images revealed, the FC mix made with sand or brick only, exhibits an irregular shape factor of the micro pore system with the pore size in the range of (10 to 70) µm, while those made with the inclusion of toner and MK20 have a regular shape factor of a matrix of finer micro pore system of the sizes in the range of (0.01 to 10.0) µm, all of which are evenly distributed, and have a big influence on the properties of the FC, particularly, on compressive strength. Contrary to the conventional method of air sealed curing for FC, water curing method can equally give the same or a slightly better result in respect of compressive strength for some particular densities.
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Ovri, J. E. O., and E. O. Okereke. "The Compressive Strength of Light Weight Concrete." International Journal of Engineering Sciences 12, no. 4 (January 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36224/ijes.120403.
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The compressive strength of lightweight concrete using palm kernel shell (pks) and periwinkle shell (pws) is reported. The strength as a function of aggregates ,age, and density were investigated. The strengths were measured at interval of 7-day for 28 days. The strengths obtained were in the range of those reported in the standards for lightweight concretes. The densities were also observed to increase with age and fall within the range of those reported in the literature. The results for the compressive strength showed that the strength increases with age for both aggregates.
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Sanjay Jayakumar, Abhishek Kurian, Febin T Zachariah, and Nivin Philip. "Construction of Concrete Canoe using Light Weight Aggregates." International Journal of Engineering Research and V9, no. 04 (April 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is040461.
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Matyevav, Аrbermet, Tolkunbek Keneshbek u., and N. Sayitkaziev. "ARBOLITE FROM LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE." Science and Innovative Technologies, May 5, 2019, 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33942/sit005.
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Thispaperinvestigates the technology of energy and resource saving materials, involving the use of local raw materials of plant origin as a filler (aggregate) material, and the alkali base composition as a binder material. Fillers(aggregates)have a significant impact on the technological and operational properties, as well as on the process of structure formation of plant-binding composites.The introduction of Portland cement, construction gypsum, ash and structure-forming additives and polymer silicate compositions with plasticizers in a plant-binding composition (PBC) contributes to the enhancement of the strength properties and obtaininga cement-gypsum-alkali binder with improved technical and mechanical characteristics on their basis and properties. To obtain arbolitewith higher strength, thermal characteristics, it is necessary to completely eliminate the influence of extractive substances of organic fillers (aggregate)on the cement stone, increase the adhesion of organic aggregate with a mineral binder material and modifying additives.According to obtained results on the base ofscientific studiesand researchesondeterminationof the composition and properties of arbolitematerials using crushed rice straw, the possibility of developing arbolitewall blocks based on the developed new building technologies has been established.
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"Properties of Concrete Panel Made by Light Weight Aggregates." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 41, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2004.41.3.221.
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