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Journal articles on the topic 'Lighter shade of pale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Fouché, Jacques R., Stephanie C. Roberts, Stephanie J. E. Midgley, and Willem J. Steyn. "Peel Color and Blemishes in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples in Relation to Canopy Light Environment." HortScience 45, no. 6 (June 2010): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.6.899.

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The dark green apple cultivar, Granny Smith (GS), makes up 25% of the South African apple industry. However, production of GS is becoming unprofitable as a result of a high incidence of sunburn, red blush, and pale green fruit that decreases the proportion of Class 1 fruit that is suitable for export to more lucrative markets. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between canopy position and external fruit quality with the ultimate aim to devise pruning and training strategies to maximize export yield. During early fruit development [26 days after full bloom (DAFB)], chlorophyll concentrations were the highest in fruit from higher light environments. Good green color at harvest relied on exposure of fruit to high irradiance at this stage because 50% shading between 14 and 56 DAFB significantly decreased dark green color at harvest. Exposed fruit from the northern side of east–west rows received the highest irradiance throughout the season [53% of full sun photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] and had the highest fruit surface temperature (on average 5 °C above ambient). A high proportion of exposed fruit from either side of the row developed red blush. Only 22% to 39% of exposed fruit from the outer canopy did not develop sunburn or red blush. Partially shaded fruit from the southern side of east–west rows received ≈5% of full sunlight and had the highest chlorophyll concentrations and darkest green color at harvest. Deeply shaded inner canopy fruit received ≈2% of full sunlight, had low chlorophyll concentrations, and were lighter green in color. The 10% darkest green fruit received moderately high irradiance (25% to 45% of full sun PPF) during early fruit development (until ≈80 DAFB) but became progressively shaded (3% of full sun PPF) during the latter half of the season. Fruit that developed sunburn and the lightest green fruit were exposed to high (1300 μmol·m−2·s−1) and extremely low (50 μmol·m−2·s−1) light, respectively, throughout their development. In conclusion, maximum chlorophyll synthesis and dark green color require an open canopy during the first half of fruit development, whereas shading is necessary during the latter half of fruit development to avoid the occurrence of sunburn, red blush, and photothermal destruction of chlorophyll. GS may benefit significantly from the installation of shade netting if combined with rigorous pruning and vigor control.

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2

Milne, Mike. "A whiter shade of pale." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 32, no. 3 (August 1998): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/281278.281279.

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3

Kjellman, Ulrika. "A Whiter Shade of Pale." Scandinavian Journal of History 38, no. 2 (May 2013): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2013.769458.

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4

Schiller, Daniela. "A Lighter Shade of Trauma." Biological Psychiatry 76, no. 11 (December 2014): 838–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.016.

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5

Barfield, Dominic, and Sophie Adamantos. "Feline blood transfusionsA pinker shade of pale." Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery 13, no. 1 (January 2011): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2010.11.006.

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6

Pradhan, Dilesh, Lajana Shrestha, and Junu Lohani. "Tooth Shade and Skin Colour: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 223 (March 30, 2020): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4792.

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Introduction: Selection of proper tooth shade is one of the most significant factors influencing patients’ aesthetic perception and improved prosthesis acceptance. Guidelines in the dental literature suggest age, sex, colour of skin, hair and eye for selecting tooth shade when past records cannot be obtained. The objective of the study was to observe the most common tooth shade in relation to the skin colour and the prevalence of the same in relation to age and sex. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kathmandu Medical College from June to August 2019. Vitapan Classical Shade guide was used to select the shade of upper right central incisorin 338 participants. Revlon Foundation Makeup Shade guide was used to determine colour of skin. Participants were examined without facial makeup. Skin colour and teeth shade were examined in daylight at about sametime of the day. Data obtained were computed and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results: Prevalence of tooth shade with high value (lighter shade) was seen in all fair (121, 35.8%), medium (63, 18.6%) and dark skin tones (23, 6.8%). Most common teeth shade in fair individuals was B1 (47, 37.9%), in medium also B1 (25, 7.4%) and dark was B2 (9, 2.7%). Age range of 10 to 35 years had tooth shade with higher value (159, 47.04%). Conclusions: Hence, teeth shade with high value (lighter shade) was prevalent in skin tone of all types in current study. Skin tone was not related to teeth shade selection, teeth became darker with age and females had lighter teeth shade (high value).

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7

Bower, B. "Monday Turns a Lighter Shade of Blue." Science News 128, no. 4 (July 27, 1985): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3969891.

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8

Eijgenraam, F. "Chernobyl's cloud: a lighter shade of gray." Science 252, no. 5010 (May 31, 1991): 1245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1925534.

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9

Brian Boyd. "Shade and Shape in Pale Fire." Nabokov Studies 4, no. 1 (1997): 173–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nab.2011.0072.

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10

noer, thomas j. "A Whiter Shade of Pale: Ike, Race, and Africa." Diplomatic History 31, no. 4 (September 2007): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2007.00648.x.

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11

BIMLER, DAVID L., GALINA V. PARAMEI, and CHINGIS A. IZMAILOV. "A whiter shade of pale, a blacker shade of dark: Parameters of spatially induced blackness." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233091.

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The surface-mode property of “blackness” is induced by simultaneous contrast with an adjacent, more luminant surround. As numerous studies have shown, the degree of blackness induced within an achromatic test field is a function of the relative luminance of the adjacent chromatic inducing field, but not of its hue. But in the converse case of chromatic test fields, susceptibility to blackening has been reported to vary with wavelength. The present study investigates this possibility, that some wavelengths are more susceptible. We also questioned whether “white” and “black” sensory components function as opposites in blackness appearance. We recorded the appearance of a central monochromatic test field of constant luminance (10 cd/m2), with wavelength ranging across the visible spectrum, while a broadband white annulus was set to six luminance levels ranging across three log steps. Three color-normal observers followed a color-naming technique. All six opponent-hue names and their combinations were response options; blackness and whiteness in the test field could therefore be reported independently. Of primary interest were the achromatic responses. When represented within a multidimensional space, these revealed the “white-to-black” dimension but in addition a quality (dimension) of “desaturation.” Compared against chromatic properties of the test field, the results provide evidence that blackness is a function of inducing field brightness (not luminance). This result is in accord with observations made by Shinomori et al. (1997) using a different procedure. We conclude that blackness induction occurs at a stage of visual processing subsequent to the origin of the brightness signal from a combination of opponent-process channels.

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12

PICANO, E. "Risk stratification by stress echocardiography: a whiter shade of pale?" European Journal of Echocardiography 5, no. 3 (June 2004): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euje.2004.04.001.

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13

Tinti, Tauan Fernandes. "Entre metaficção e metafísica, ou como não interpretar Pale Fire." Revista da Anpoll 1, no. 43 (February 3, 2017): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18309/anp.v1i43.695.

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O presente trabalho se propõe a explorar o problema da autoconsciência metaficcional na obra de Vladimir Nabokov a partir da figura de John Shade, o autor fictício de “Pale Fire”, poema que integra o peculiar romance de mesmo título. A reflexão metafísica de Shade, ao ser separada do romance que a contém – uma possibilidade concretizada por uma edição de 2011 do poema, produzida pela Gingko Press –, serve então como via de acesso para se considerar a relação entre os diversos artistas criados por Nabokov e o próprio escritor. Isso levará, por sua vez, à investigação da concepção de natureza subjacente à sua obra, calcada na ideia de um criador bondoso que parece servir de modelo tanto para alguns de seus personagens quanto para a própria arte de Nabokov.

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14

Elamin, Habab Osman, Neamat Hassan Abubakr, and Yahia Eltayib Ibrahim. "Identifying the tooth shade in group of patients using Vita Easyshade." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 02 (April 2015): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.156828.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to identify tooth shade among a group of Sudanese patients. Materials and Methods: Total number of patients was 227. Participant's age ranged from 15 to 72 years, which, was divided into four groups. The tooth included in the study was either right or left sounds maxillary central incisor. Vita Easyshade was used to select the tooth shade. Investigation of the differences of Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIELab) coordinates among gender and state of origin was conducted together with an examination of the relationship between CIELab coordinates and age. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the differences in L*, a* and b* according to state of origin. Results: Results showed that A3 was the most common classical tooth shade respectively. There was highly significant difference in L* between males and females (P = 0.002). There was a significant relation between tooth shade and age (P = 0.026). There was a high significant association between classical tooth shade and Sudan regions (P = 0.00). Conclusion: In conclusion, most common classical shade was A3, women's teeth were lighter than men's. There was a relation between ethnic background and tooth shade.

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15

Rana, Manu, and Sandeep Sharma. "Use of a shade guide to test the perception and prevalence of natural tooth colour in people of Nepal." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i1.21168.

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Background: Recent advances in colour matching have been driven by the market demand for high-quality esthetic restorations. Improved shade guides, availability of shade-taking devices and research in the area of human colour vision have improved the potential of clinicians to achieve excellent colour matched restorations. A thorough understanding of appearance attributes of natural teeth is required along with these new tools to maximize shade matching results. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present investigation is to determine tooth shade among the people of Nepal. Materials and Methods: In the present study, shade of cervical, middle and incisal third of the facial surface of natural maxillary central incisor was measured with digital colorimeter, VITA Easy shade Advance 4.0. It is an optical reading device that can assess the wavelengths reflected back to its sensors. Lighting in operatory does not affect the shade measurement. It is extremely accurate. The limitation of study was its small sample size. Result: The shade obtained in the cervical third of tooth is 1M2 (37.33%), in the middle 1M1 (32.88%), and in the incisal third 2M1 (37.33%). Value 1 indicates lighter tooth colour and colour saturation is up to 2. Conclusion: It was concluded that the most prevalent shade in cervical third was 1M2, middle third was 1M1 and incisal third was 2M1.

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16

Condren, Dustin. "John Shade Shaving: Inspiration and Composition in a Selection from Pale Fire." Nabokov Studies 10, no. 1 (2006): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nab.2007.0009.

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17

Baldursson, Fridrik M., and Nils-Henrik M. von der Fehr. "A Whiter Shade of Pale: On the Political Economy of Regulatory Instruments." Journal of the European Economic Association 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jeea.2007.5.1.37.

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18

Kato, Nobuhiro, Yuki Ido, Ei Yamamoto, and Shigeki Hontsu. "Development of Ultra-Thin Opaque White Hydroxyapatite Sheet for Restoration of Enamel and Aesthetic Treatments of Teeth." Key Engineering Materials 758 (November 2017): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.162.

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In cosmetic dentistry, bleaching and laminate veneer methods are common treatments to improve the appearance of teeth. However, there are limitations to these treatments, as they damage the enamel which are not capable of recovering naturally. In this study, novel hydroxyapatite (HAp) sheets, which enable both enamel restoration and aesthetic treatments, were developed. Results indicated that the lower range of the sintering temperatures, of the pulsed laser deposition targets, produced lighter shades of amorphous Calcium phosphate (ACP) sheets. Subsequently, the post-annealing process of the sheets induced crystallization processes of the ACP sheets, to form HAp sheets, and improved the shade rank of the sheet. The shade rank of the developed sheet (6.8 ± 0.2) was almost comparable to the average shade rank of the teeth of Japanese people, within a range of 6.5 to 7.0.

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19

Miranda, ME. "Effect of Gender, Experience, and Value on Color Perception." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-057-c.

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SUMMARY Statement of the Problem Precise shade matching can be one of the most difficult tasks for the dentist and some variables may influence the process of shade comparison. Purpose of the Study This study tested the differences in shade perception between genders, the influence of the observer's clinical experience, and the value of ceramics in correct shade selection. Material and Methods A total of 45 women and 54 men compared 16 pairs of ceramic disks according to shades. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the results, adopting 5% as the level of statistical significance. An analysis of risk was also performed to evaluate the variables. Results The results indicated that there were statistical differences among gender, clinical experience, and shades in discriminating ceramics. Conclusions Men and observers with more clinical experience were more successful in discriminating shades, although darker shades were selected more correctly than the lighter ones.

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20

VARELA, PABLO S., and MARIA CECILIA MELO. "A new species of Cosmoclopius Stål, 1866 from Argentina (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)." Zootaxa 4958, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.22.

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A new species of Cosmoclopius Stål, 1866, C. joceliae sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in northern Argentina. This new species is recognized by the vertical and truncate median process of pygophore, and the short-recurved spine on the apex of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite; and other features such as the dorsally black head, pronotum, and femora, and the thoracic sterna black with median pale markings; some females show lighter posterior pronotal lobe and femora with more conspicuous dark and pale bands. Digital images of the adult male and female and male genitalia are provided, as well as a comparison with the species of the genus are given.

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21

Mongkholrattanasit, Rattanaphol, Kongkiat Maha-In, Charoon Klaichoi, Wiphawan Pimklang, Panida Buathong, Wancheng Sittikijyothin, and Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai. "Colorimetric Study on Silk Dyeing with the Extracted Dye from Longan Leaves Using Pre-Mordanting Technique: A Research on Effect of Mordant Concentration." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.499.

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Natural dye extracted from longan leaves was applied to a silk fabric by exhaustion dyeing process. Aluminium potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, and stannous chloride were used as mordants. The dyeing was conducted with and without metallic salt mordants, using pre-mordanting method. Silk fabric dyed in a solution composed of a longan from leaves without mordant showed a shade of pale yellowish-brown, while those mordanted with stannous chloride, alum, and copper sulfate produced a variety of medium to dark yellowish-brown colour shades. However, duller and darker brown shade was obtained with ferrous sulfate mordant. The colour fastness to washing, water, and rubbing were good to very good. The light fastness results showed fair level.

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22

Verghese, S. T., and G. R. Martin. "Heavy Sedation versus General Anesthesia for Pediatric Invasive Cardiology: A Grayer Shade of Blue versus a Pinker Shade of Pale?" Pediatric Cardiology 24, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-002-0417-8.

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23

Benveniste, Helene, Gillian Einstein, Katie R. Kim, and G. Allan Johnson. "Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Alzheimer's disease: Senile Plaques - A whiter shade of pale?" NeuroImage 7, no. 4 (May 1998): S519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31352-1.

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24

PINHEIRO, HUDSON TERCIO, JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI, and IVAN SAZIMA. "Sparisoma rocha, a new species of parrotfish (Actinopterygii: Labridae) from Trindade Island, South-western Atlantic." Zootaxa 2493, no. 1 (June 3, 2010): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2493.1.5.

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A new species of parrotfish, Sparisoma rocha sp. n., is described from Trindade Island off South-eastern Brazil. It differs from its Western Atlantic congeners by the unique colour pattern of live and freshly preserved individuals: initial phase red overall with a brownish shade from lower jaw to over the abdominal cavity, sparse orange blotches on head, and pale circumpeduncular band; terminal phase reddish brown with orange stripe from jaw angle to end of preopercle, sparse orange blotches on head, three pinkish to reddish stripes from about midline to dorsum, from midline to belly pale greyish green to whitish with suffusion of pale reddish brown, a black spot on base of pectoral fins and a bright-yellow blotch below this spot. Additionally, mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA loci sequences do not match any known Sparisoma species. The new parrotfish increases to six the species of the genus Sparisoma recorded from South-western Atlantic.

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25

Mcgee, PA. "Survival and Growth of Seedlings of Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum): Effects of Shade, Mycorrhizas and a Companion Plant." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 6 (1990): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900583.

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In an exploratory experiment, seedlings of coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum D. Don, Cunoniaceae) were grown for 6 weeks in a glasshouse in pots in the presence or absence of the following: (1) inoculum of Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe; (2) a companion plant (Trifolium pratense L.); (3) phosphate added to the soil; and (4) shade. Mycorrhizal seedlings of coachwood were lighter than non-mycorrhizal seedlings when grown in full sun. In shade, mycorrhizal seedlings of coachwood tended to be heavier when grown with a companion plant than without. Size of seedlings was not related to phosphate nutrition. It is suggested that mycorrhizal interconnections between plants may be involved in significant movement of organic carbon to and from coachwood seedlings.

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Grehan, J. R., B. L. Parker, and R. G. Dearborn. "DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST AND FINAL INSTAR OF THE HEMLOCK LOOPERS LAMBDINA ATHASARIA (WALKER) AND LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 6 (December 1994): 1505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1261505-6.

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AbstractLarvae of the hemlock loopers Lambdina athasaria (Walker) from Vermont and L. fiscellaria (Guenée) from Maine are described for color, chaetotaxy, and gross morphology of the head, body, and legs. Body color varies from pale white-grey to dark green-brown with pigmented sclerotized bands. Head capsule color varies from pale grey-white to dark brown, with dark sclerotized spots of variable size. Many L. fiscellaria larvae are a lighter color than L. athasaria, but no consistent differences were found. The chaetotaxy of micro- and macrosetae conforms to the Geometridae, but the lack of detailed descriptions for other Lambdina species precludes a generic diagnosis. The homology of setae L and SV in Geometridae requires further resolution, particularly with respect to the presence or absence of L3 and SV2.

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27

WANTANEEPORN, NONGNUCH, SUWANRUJI POTJANART, and SETTHAYANOND JANTIP. "Colour properties of cigarette smoke-exposed cotton and silk fabrics and their nicotine release." Industria Textila 69, no. 04 (September 1, 2018): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.04.1396.

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Exposure to cigarette smoke caused colour change to undyed cotton and silk fabrics by a yellowing effect. The degree of yellowing was more dominant on cotton fabric. When the dyed fabrics were subjected to cigarette smoke, a more pronounced effect was observed on the pale shade dyed fabrics. Shade alteration was inversely related to the colour strength of the dyed fabrics. In addition, a longer exposure time also induced colour change in the fabrics while the colour strength of the dyed fabrics was unaffected. Nicotine release from the cigarette smoke-exposed fabrics in the wet state was studied in different aqueous media, viz. water, buffer solutions (pH 5.5 and 8.0) and artificial sweats (acid and alkaline) in order to reflect the potential risk to textile users of the toxicants from textiles contaminated with cigarette smoke.

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28

Rubin, Daniel Ian. "Whiter Shade of Pale: Making the Case for Jewish Presence in the Multicultural Classroom." International Journal of Multicultural Education 19, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v19i2.1415.

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Despite over 4,000 years of persecution, American Jews and antisemitism continue to be overlooked in university multicultural and social justice classroom discussions. This is due to many factors, such as the misconceptions that Jews are solely a religious group, are White and have completely assimilated into American culture, and are economically successful. Jews are a distinctive group in the United States who continue to experience racism and oppression. In order to validate the racism and discrimination of Jews in the United States, university multicultural and social justice programs must begin to discuss the issues pertaining to antisemitism.

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29

Gilliam, Frank. "A Lighter Shade of Gray: Is Temporal Lobe Epilepsy a Progressive Gray Matter Disorder?" Epilepsy Currents 17, no. 1 (January 2017): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5698/1535-7511-17.1.23.

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30

Lehrer, Jonathan M., and Mark H. Brand. "Purple-leaved Japanese Barberry (var. atropurpurea) Genotypes Become Visually Indistinguishable from Greenleaved Genotypes (Berberis thunbergii DC.) at Low Light Levels." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.3.187.

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Abstract Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) is a popular nursery plant that has escaped from cultivation to establish invasive populations across the United States. Previous studies demonstrate that green-leaved feral plants adapt successfully to low light levels. The leaf color phenotype of purple-leaved Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea) seedlings grown under shaded conditions was studied to determine their appearance under low light conditions typical of wooded areas often invaded by barberry. Seedlings from B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea were grown in full sunlight and under three shade treatments (36, 50 and 72%). Seedlings were also grown in full sunlight and under two higher shade treatments (85 and 95%) in a second study. The hue angle of purple seedlings increased from a mean of 22.3 in full sun to 86.9 at 72% shade, reflecting a color change from violet-purple to green-umber. Foliage color also became more vivid and lighter as shading increased. All purple genotype seedlings appeared green when grown at 95% shade due to lack of anthocyanin production at this light exposure. Escaped barberry seedlings originating from landscape plants of var. atropurpurea may not be recognized as purple-leaved forms when they invade densely shaded woodland environments.

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31

Zdravkovic, Suncica. "Lightness constancy: Object identity and temporal integration." Psihologija 41, no. 1 (2008): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0801005z.

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Studies of lightness constancy typically involve the comparison of two objects of the same shade that have been placed under different illuminations. In this study, we introduce factors such as object identity and immediate prior experience to measure the effect of these manipulations on constancy. In the first experiment, conditions sufficient to reproduce classical constancy failure (illumination difference, target values, articulation level) were determined. In the second experiment a lightness judgment was made for a gray target that was then seen to move into another illumination level for the second match. Motion was used in an attempt to stress the target?s identity. The shade was still judged significantly lighter when placed under the higher than under the lower illumination. Failure of constancy thus occurred even when object identity was not in question. In the third experiment a priming paradigm was used, to assess the strength of constancy: one shade would appear in one illumination level and another shade in the other illumination level. Motion was used to trick observers into thinking that only a single object was presented. The estimated shade varied as a function of the shade of the prime. In the last experiment, observers were asked to make another match when the object was removed from view: the match of its true color independent of illumination. The value of this match-from-memory was based on the value obtained in the higher illumination level. Taken together, the experiments show that through object identity, immediate prior experience can influence lightness in systematic fashion.

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32

Reay, Diane, Sumi Hollingworth, Katya Williams, Gill Crozier, Fiona Jamieson, David James, and Phoebe Beedell. "`A Darker Shade of Pale?' Whiteness, the Middle Classes and Multi-Ethnic Inner City Schooling." Sociology 41, no. 6 (December 2007): 1041–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038507082314.

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33

ATHANASOPOULOS, PANOS. "Cognitive representation of colour in bilinguals: The case of Greek blues." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12, no. 1 (January 2009): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672890800388x.

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A number of recent studies demonstrate that bilinguals with languages that differ in grammatical and lexical categories may shift their cognitive representation of those categories towards that of monolingual speakers of their second language. The current paper extended that investigation to the domain of colour in Greek–English bilinguals with different levels of bilingualism, and English monolinguals. Greek differentiates the blue region of colour space into a darker shade calledbleand a lighter shade calledghalazio. Results showed a semantic shift of category prototypes with level of bilingualism and acculturation, while the way bilinguals judged the perceptual similarity between within- and cross-category stimulus pairs depended strongly on the availability of the relevant colour terms in semantic memory, and the amount of time spent in the L2-speaking country. These results suggest that cognition is tightly linked to semantic memory for specific linguistic categories, and to cultural immersion in the L2-speaking country.

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Stamps, Robert H. "Cold Protection of Leatherleaf Fern in Shadehouses Using Water and Crop Covers." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 808A—808. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.808a.

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Six shadehouses were used in tests of irrigation rates and crop covers for cold-protecting leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst) Ching]. Each shadehouse was equipped with two irrigation systems—one over-the-crop to supply heat and one over-the-shadehouse to supply water for sealing the openings in the shade fabric with ice. The over-the-crop irrigation system consisted of frost protection wedge-drive impact sprinklers providing water application rates of 0.30, 0.56, and 0.76 cm/h. Six-m × 9-m spunbonded polypropylene crop covers weighing 20 and 51 g·m–2 were tested. During radiation freezes, all water application rates protected immature fronds from damage. Damage during advective freezes decreased with increasing water application rate, but, even when crop covers were used in conjunction with irrigation, some damage still occurred. Temperatures under the lighter-weight cover were higher than under the heavier-weight one, probably because more water passed through the lighter cover to the crop. Water application rates had no effect on frond yield.

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Fiuza, Manuela. "Lipoprotein(a) as a novel therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease: A whiter shade of pale?" Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) 38, no. 7 (July 2019): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repce.2019.09.007.

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Sullivan, Sherry. "A Redder Shade of Pale: The Indianization of Heroes and Heroines in Nineteenth-Century American Fiction." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 20, no. 1 (1987): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1314998.

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37

Fiuza, Manuela. "Lipoprotein(a) as a novel therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease: A whiter shade of pale?" Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia 38, no. 7 (July 2019): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2019.08.006.

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38

Cook, Rosie H., Ioseba I. Soraluze, and Lu Chien-Hua. "A Whiter Shade of Pale: A Case-Study in Treating Water-Damaged Textiles in Contemporary Art." AICCM Bulletin 40, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10344233.2019.1704382.

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39

Dawson, PFL, MO Sharif, AB Smith, and PA Brunton. "A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening." Operative Dentistry 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-159-c.

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SUMMARY This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p<0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.

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Pandey, Abhay K., Pooja Singh, Uma T. Palni, and Nijendra N. Tripathi. "Effect of Variable Physical Factors on the Toxicity of Plant Volatiles Against Some Aspergillus Spp." International Journal of Phytopathology 3, no. 2 (August 25, 2014): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.003.02.0685.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of physical factors on mycotoxic potency of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. and Clausena pentaphylla (Roxb.) DC oils against four species of Aspergilli such as A. flavus Link, A. niger van Tieghem, A. ochraceus Wilhelm, A. terreus Thom causing post-harvest deterioration of pigeon pea seeds. During experimentation it was observed that the potency of both oils remained unchanged even against heavy inoculum dose (maximum number of 10 fungal discs and diameter of 25 mm). Furthermore, the toxicity of both the oils did not alter even up to 120 ºC of temperature and 12 months of storage by exhibiting 100% mycelial inhibition of test fungi. The toxicity of both the oils was decreased at alkaline pH (7, 8). Physicochemical characterization of oils revealed that C. ambrosioides oil was pale yellow in colour, lighter than water, laevorotatory, acidic in nature and showed positive test for phenols. While the oil of C. pentaphyllahad light pale color, dextrorotatory, slightly acidic and showed presence of phenols. Both the oils showed good solubility in various organic solvents

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41

Snijman, D. A. "Two new species of Spiloxene (Hypoxidaceae) from the northwestern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 36, no. 2 (August 21, 2006): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v36i2.351.

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Newly described are two new species of Spiloxene Salisb.: S. nana Snijman from the Bokkeveld Escarpment, Northern Cape Province, is a shade-loving plant with narrow, pale green leaves and small, white or rarely cream-coloured flowers; S. pusilla Snijman from the Matsikamma, Gifberg and Pakhuis Mountains. Western Cape Province, resembles S. nana in habit but the yellow- or white-tepalled flowers which are tetramerous or hexamerous have darkly coloured stamens and style and an ovary with a short, solid, narrow prolongation at the apex. Inhabiting rock overhangs formed by quartzitic sandstone sheets, both species are close allies of S. scullyi (Baker) Garside from Namaqualand.

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Rashid, Shaista, and Mohamed ElSalhy. "Efficacy of MI Paste® on Bleaching-Related Sensitivity: Randomized Clinical Trial." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963823.

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Background. To evaluate the effectiveness of MI Paste® in reducing sensitivity associated with vital tooth bleaching. Methods. This randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial included 45 subjects that were randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1, the maxillary arch was the control arch (only bleaching), while the mandibular arch was the intervention arch (bleaching and MI Paste®). In Group 2, the mandibular arch was the control arch (only bleaching), while the maxillary arch was the intervention arch (bleaching and MI Paste®). Subjects started with the control arch and then switched to the intervention arch after two weeks. Subjects were instructed to use MI Paste® in a custom tray for 5 minutes, wait for 1 hour, and then bleach overnight using a different tray. Sensitivity was measured using both a thermal sensitivity test and a daily log of sensitivity for 14 days. Shade was evaluated using a colorimeter and a shade guide. Results. Immediately after treatment, the thermal test sensitivity scores for the arches bleached without MI Paste® were greater than those with MI Paste® ( p = 0.011 ). Arches not receiving the MI Paste® treatment showed significantly higher VAS sensitivity scores during the 14-day period of bleaching ( p = 0.002 ). The mean score for the 14-day period was 37.9 for the arches not treated with MI Paste® versus 27.5 for the treated arches. Both the intervention group and the control group showed significantly lighter shade relative to baseline ( p < 0.001 ) with no significant difference between them ( p = 0.42 ). Conclusion. MI Paste® significantly reduced the sensitivity associated with bleaching and did not interfere with shade change.

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43

Horrell, Georgina. "A whiter shade of pale: white femininity as guilty masquerade in ‘new’ (white) South African women's writing." Journal of Southern African Studies 30, no. 4 (December 2004): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305707042000313004.

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44

Mongkholrattanasit, Rattanaphol, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, Nitaya Tubtimthai, Nuttanan Sasivatchutikool, and Nattaya Punrattanasin. "Natural Dye from Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Bark and Application on Silk Fabric by Using Pad-Batch Dyeing: A Study on Mordant Concentrations Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.216.

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The dyeing and fastness properties of silk fabric dyed with natural dye extraction from the bark of Garcinia Dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz by the pad-batch process was studied. The effect of dyes at different mordant concentration levels on their colour strength was also investigated. Silk fabrics dyed with Garcinia Dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark extract showed a pale yellow shade, while those dyed with alum and stannous chloride bright yellow and light yellow colour, respectively. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4 gave a yellowish green colour, while those dyed with FeSO4 had a dark brown colour. The fastness properties showed fair to good rating, whereas the colour fastness to perspiration was at a poor level.

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45

Potadle, Greer M., Geoff Dahl, Thaigo Fabris, Jennifer M. Bundy, and Howard Tyler. "35 Effect of Late Gestational Heat Stress on Placental Characteristics in Dairy Cattle." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.059.

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Abstract To determine the effects of late gestation heat stress on placental development, dairy cows were exposed to heat stress (HT, shade) or cooled (CL, shade, fans and soakers) during the final 46 d pre-calving on the University of Florida dairy facility (temperature-humidity index; THI >68). We hypothesize heat stress (or lack of heat abatement) will reduce placental efficiency and in turn increase placental weight, surface area, and volume. At expulsion all placentae were collected and total placental weight was determined as well as individual cotyledonary weights, surface areas, and volume. In addition, the total number of total cotyledons was recorded and cotyledonary color and placental growth abnormalities (i.e. teratomas) were recorded and photographed. All data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. In addition, associations between parameters were determined by calculating Pearson Correlation Coefficients using SAS. Placentae from HT cows had a higher total placental weight, higher non-vascular membrane weight, higher total cotyledonary weight, higher total cotyledonary volume, and a higher incidence of teratomas than those from CL cows (P < 0.05). HT cows also had placentae with a significantly greater average cotyledonary weight and volume (P < 0.05). HT cows tended to have a greater incidence of color abnormalities in the placenta (P < 0.075). In addition, HT cows had significantly lighter calves at birth (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that heat stress (or lack of heat abatement) impacts placental growth during the final stages of gestation, resulting in heavier placentae, an increase in cotyledonary weight and volume, but not an increase in the total number of cotyledons or total cotyledonary surface area. These placental alterations ultimately resulted in lighter calves at birth.

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Brewer, J. Stephen. "Inter- and intraspecific competition and shade avoidance in the carnivorous pale pitcher plant in a nutrient-poor savanna." American Journal of Botany 106, no. 1 (January 2019): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1219.

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KURY, ADRIANO B., and MIGUEL MEDRANO. "A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae)." Zootaxa 4521, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3.

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The generic name Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 is anchored to the nomen dubium Cosmetus u-flavum Perty, 1833, and the fixation of the latter is proposed by designating a neotype. The choice was made on a potential topotype, being a common species in metropolitan Rio de Janeiro city, SE Brazil, which has been described as new five times and is currently best known as Metavononoides bellus (Mello-Leitão, 1932). Cosmetus u-flavum has been originally included in Paecilaema along with Paecilaema limbatum Kollar in C.L. Koch, 1839, the latter here synonymized with the former. Therefore, our choice of this species is adequate in conveying Koch’s original concept of Paecilaema. The most striking diagnostic feature of the species of Paecilaema is the presence of a lyra, a unique shape of blots in layers of shades of white to pale yellow on the dorsal scutum. Other patterns of scutal white blots are hereby defined and named. Paecilaema is here considered most closely related to Metavononoides Roewer, 1928. Comments are made on the diagnostic characters and the terminology of parts of the lyra is expanded with the introduction of new terms. Comments are made on the formation of the generic name Paecilaema. Taxonomic adjustments are made in the closest relatives of Paecilaema u-flavum, and the following nomenclatural acts are proposed: (1) MNRJ 3433 is designated as male neotype of Cosmetus u-flavum, type species of Paecilaema. (2) Proposed new synonymies: Poecilaema soerenseni Henriksen, 1932 = Paecilaemula bella Mello-Leitão, 1932 = Eucynorta brasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Paecilaema limbatum Kollar in C.L. Koch, 1839 = Cosmetus u-flavum Perty, 1833. (3) Nine species originally described elsewhere but currently placed in Metavononoides are transferred to Paecilaema, either as new or as restored combinations: Paecilaemula albisecta Mello-Leitão, 1942, Poecilaemula albosigillata Mello-Leitão, 1941, Paecilaema lyra Sørensen, 1932, Metavononoides melanacanthus Ferreira, Pedroso & Kury, 2005, Paecilaema muticum Sørensen, 1932, Paecilaema ornatissimum Mello-Leitão 1942, Poecilaemula peculiare Roewer, 1917, Paecilaemula preciosa Roewer 1928 and Metavononoides renneri Ferreira, Pedroso & Kury, 2007. (4) The following genera, currently in the synonymy of Paecilaema, are all revalidated and given emended diagnoses: Meterginoides Roewer, 1912, Meterginulus Roewer, 1912, Paecilaemella Roewer, 1925, Pararhauculus Roewer, 1933, Soaresella Goodnight & Goodnight 1947. (5) Their respective type species, currently combined under Paecilaema, are transferred back to their revalidated genera: Paecilaema rastelliferum Pickard-Cambridge 1905 to Meterginulus; Meterginus inermis Banks, 1909 to Meterginoides; Pararhauculus lineatus Roewer, 1933 to Pararhauculus; Paecilaemella festae Roewer, 1925 to Paecilaemella and Soaresella gracilis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 to Soaresella.

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48

CORNWELL, NEIL. "The Musical-Artistic Story: Hoffmann, Odoevsky and Pasternak." Comparative Critical Studies 5, no. 1 (February 2008): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1744185408000268.

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The artistic story is an acknowledged sub-genre of Romantic fiction. The ‘artist’ – usually a poet or writer, sometimes a painter, or occasionally a representative of another art form – is a common enough figure in Romantic literature, with extensions into the Gothic-fantastic, through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. One has only to think of Bulgakov's ‘Master’ (in his celebrated The Master and Margarita). In other, on the whole more mainstream – though often at least equally complex – areas of, for instance, Russian fiction, another obvious figure of some prominence would be Doctor Iurii Zhivago. American campus fiction (without my wishing, by any means, to reduce Pale Fire to that rather bland category) offers Vladimir Nabokov's rival figure of the poet, John Shade.

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49

Mongkholrattanasit, Rattanaphol, Charoon Klaichoi, Chintana Saiwan, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, Nattaya Punrattanasin, Kamolkan Sriharuksa, and Monthon Nakpathom. "UV Protection and Fastness Properties of Silk Fabric Dyed with Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Bark by Using Pad-Dry Technique. A Focus on Effect of Mordant Concentration." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.573.

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This research was concerned with dye extraction from the bark ofGarcinia Dulcis(Roxb.) Kurz and with the application of this dye for silk fabric dyeing by the pad-dry process. Silk fabrics dyed withGarcinia Dulcis(Roxb.) Kurz bark extract showed a pale yellow shade, while those dyed with alum and stannous chloride bright yellow and light yellow colour, respectively. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4gave a yellowishgreen colour, while those dyed with FeSO4had a dark brown colour. The colour fastness to rubbing after dyeing the silk fabric treated with the mordant was investigated, the results of which showed fair to good fastness. The results confirmed that natural dyes fromGarcinia Dulcis(Roxb.) Kurz bark extract have potential applications for fabric dyeing and producing ultraviolet (UV) protective silk fabric.

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50

Mongkholrattanasit, Rattanaphol, Nattaya Punrattanasin, Kamolkan Sriharuksa, Yanisa Laoong-U-Thai, and Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai. "Dyeing of Silk Fabrics with Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Bark: Comparison of Fastness Properties and Colour Strength by Padding and Post-Mordanting Technique." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.503.

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The present paper deals with the application of natural dye extracted from Garcinia Dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark on silk fabric by using post-mordant and pad-dry processes and also evalation of effect of metal modants as differnt concentration on dyeability, colour values (L*, a*, b*) and colour strength (K/S), and fastness properties. Silk fabrics dyed with Garcinia Dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark extract and stannous chloride (SnCl2) showed a pale yellow shade, while those dyed with alum (AlK(SO4)2 bright yellow colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4 gave a yellowish-green colour, while those dyed with FeSO4 had a yellowish brown colour. The fastness properties showed fair to good rating, whereas the colour fastness to perspiration was at a poor level.

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