Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lightning network

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  1. Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'Lightning network'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 21 February 2023
Last updated: 13 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Lightning network"

1

Poelman, Dieter R., Wolfgang Schulz, and Christian Vergeiner. "Performance Characteristics of Distinct Lightning Detection Networks Covering Belgium." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 5 (2013): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00162.1.

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Abstract This study reports results from electric field measurements coupled to high-speed camera observations of cloud-to-ground lightning to test the performance of lightning location networks in terms of its detection efficiency and location accuracy. The measurements were carried out in August 2011 in Belgium, during which 57 negative cloud-to-ground flashes, with a total of 210 strokes, were recorded. One of these flashes was followed by a continuing current of over 1 s—one of the longest ever observed in natural negative cloud-to-ground lightning. Lightning data gathered from the lightning detection network operated by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium [consisting of a network employing solely Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interférométrie Radioélectrique (SAFIR) sensors and a network combining SAFIR and LS sensors], the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID), Vaisala’s Global Lightning Detection network GLD360, and the Met Office’s long-range Arrival Time Difference network (ATDnet) are evaluated against this ground-truth dataset. It is found that all networks are capable of detecting over 90% of the observed flashes, but a larger spread is observed at the level of the individual strokes. The median location accuracy varies between 0.6 and 1 km, except for the SAFIR network, locating the ground contacts with 6.1-km median accuracy. The same holds for the reported peak currents, where a good correlation is found among the networks that provide peak current estimates, apart from the SAFIR network being off by a factor of 3.
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2

Liu, Anjiang, Ruifa Feng, Yang Zhang, et al. "Lightning Fault Location of 10kV Distribution Network With Multistage Branch Lines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2427, no. 1 (2023): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2427/1/012029.

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Abstract With the continuous expansion of the distribution network scale, the multi-level branch line of the distribution network has been widely used because of its economic and flexible power supply. However, multi-level branch lines also make fault location more challenging. This paper proposes a lightning fault location method for distribution networks with multi-level branch lines. Firstly, the distribution network is divided into several areas, and the lightning strike area is judged by the polarity of the lightning current on the line. Then, according to the number of current monitoring terminals in the lightning strike area, the appropriate lightning location determination matrix is selected. This method not only takes into account the shunting effect of many branch lines in the distribution network on the lightning current of the main line, but also considers the lightning fault location on the secondary branch line. It is beneficial to improve the lightning fault location finding, patrol inspection, and rapid power supply recovery of complex distribution lines in mountainous areas, reduce the burden of personnel, and improve the intelligent and digital level of distribution lines.
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3

Zhu, Yanan, Michael Stock, Jeff Lapierre, and Elizabeth DiGangi. "Upgrades of the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network in 2021." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (2022): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092209.

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The Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) launched a new processor (P2021) in December 2021. Some major upgrades were made in the new processor, including a new classification algorithm, a new propagation model, and regional data processing architecture. Ground-truth datasets of natural and rocket-triggered lightning acquired in Florida were used to evaluate the performance characteristics of the new processor. Compared to the last processor launched in 2015 (P2015), the stroke classification accuracy increased from 91% to 94% for natural lightning and from 86% to 88% for rocket-triggered lightning. The location accuracy improved significantly with the median location error decreasing from 215 m to 92 m. On a global scale, we found the number of pulses detected by the ENLTN increased in all regions with an overall detection gain of 149%. One can see modest gains in detection in regions with a fairly dense network of sensors and significant gains in regions where sensor density is much lower. Each of the major upgrades as well as their influences on the performance characteristics of the ENLTN are discussed.
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4

Li, Jie, Bingzhe Dai, Jiahao Zhou, et al. "Preliminary Application of Long-Range Lightning Location Network with Equivalent Propagation Velocity in China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030560.

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The equivalent propagation method adopts a variable propagation velocity in lightning location, minimizing the location error caused by various factors in the long-range lightning location network. To verify the feasibility of this method, we establish a long-range lightning location network in China. A new method is used to extract the ground wave peak points of the lightning sferics and is combined with the equivalent propagation velocity method for lightning location. By comparing with the lightning data detected by the lightning locating system called advanced direction and time-of-arrival detecting (ADTD) that has been widely used for tens of years in China, the feasibility of this method is initially verified. Additionally, it is found that the relative detection efficiency of our long-range lightning location network can reach 53%, the average location error is 9.17 km, and the detection range can reach more than 3000 km. The equivalent propagation method can improve the average location accuracy by ~1.16 km, compared with the assumed light speed of lightning-radiated sferic from the lightning stroke point to the observation station. The 50th percentile of the equal propagation velocity is 0.998c, which may be used in the long-range lightning location networks.
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5

Shcherbina, E. S., and V. І. Mesyura. "Finding the Optimal Payment Route in the Lightning Network." Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute 153, no. 6 (2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2020-153-6-93-99.

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6

Hoole, Paul Ratnamahilan Polycarp, Nur Farah Aziz, Velappa Ganapathy, Kanesan Jeevan, Ramiah Harikrishnan, and Samuel Ratnajeevan Herbert Hoole. "Aircraft Mounted Neural Network Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Location." Materials Science Forum 721 (June 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.721.331.

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Abstract. Cloud to ground and cloud to cloud lightning flashes pose a threat to the aircraft body and the electronic systems inside the aircraft. In this paper we present a single unit, as opposed to a three unit, lightning locator mounted on the aircraft that uses the wave-shapes of electromagnetic fields radiated by lightning and electrical activity ahead of the aircraft to locate the distance range of lightning activity. A three element array antenna scans the area ahead of the aircraft to narrow down the area ahead where the lightning or threatening electrical activity is. Moreover, the unique shape of the electric fields depending on the distance from the lightning activity is used by a neural network to train and recognize the distance range of the lightning activity from the aircraft on which the lightning detector is mounted. The combined use of the three element array antenna and the neural network provides the required knowledge of lightning activity for the pilot to take evasive action.
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7

Bourriez, F., J. A. Sauvaud, J. L. Pinçon, J. J. Berthelier, and M. Parrot. "A statistical study over Europe of the relative locations of lightning and associated energetic burst of electrons from the radiation belt." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 1 (2016): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-157-2016.

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Abstract. The DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) spacecraft detects short bursts of lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP) simultaneously with newly injected upgoing whistlers. The LEP occurs within < 1 s of the causative lightning discharge. First in situ observations of the size and location of the region affected by the LEP precipitation are presented on the basis of a statistical study made over Europe using the DEMETER energetic particle detector, wave electric field experiment, and networks of lightning detection (Météorage, the UK Met Office Arrival Time Difference network (ATDnet), and the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN)). The LEP is shown to occur significantly north of the initial lightning and extends over some 1000 km on each side of the longitude of the lightning. In agreement with models of electron interaction with obliquely propagating lightning-generated whistlers, the distance from the LEP to the lightning decreases as lightning proceed to higher latitudes.
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8

Orville, Richard E. "Development of the National Lightning Detection Network." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 89, no. 2 (2008): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-89-2-180.

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The development of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) can be traced from the initial funding by the Electric Power Research Institute in June 1983. This support, when coupled with a small National Science Foundation-sponsored research program at the State University of New York at Albany, would lead in just six years to the coverage of 48 states by a network of lightning detectors providing the location and physical characteristics of nearly all cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in the continental United States. The generous sharing of data from existing federal lightning detection networks provided one-third of this national coverage. The measured lightning characteristics included stroke location to an accuracy of roughly 2 km, polarity and peak current estimates, and flash multiplicity or number of strokes within the flash. The development of satellite communications during this period ensured the receipt of data and the transmission of flash characteristics to consumers in the university, government, and private sectors. The history of the NLDN development is a story driven by technology with its roots in the 1970s. The future of lightning detection is embodied within the current satellite plans for a Geostationary Lightning Mapper to observe total lightning in the Western Hemisphere as part of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOESR) program, with launch dates as early as 2014.
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9

Poelman, Dieter R., Françoise Honoré, Graeme Anderson, and Stéphane Pedeboy. "Comparing a Regional, Subcontinental, and Long-Range Lightning Location System over the Benelux and France." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 10 (2013): 2394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00263.1.

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Abstract Increasing possibilities for using lightning data—for instance, in monitoring and tracking applications—necessitate proper spatial and temporal mapping of lightning events. It is therefore of importance to assess the capabilities and limitations of a ground-based lightning network of interest to locate electromagnetic signals emitted by lightning discharges. In this paper, data covering two storm seasons, between May and September 2011 and 2012, are used to compare the spatial and temporal lightning observations of three different lightning location systems over an area covering the Benelux and France. The lightning datasets from a regional network employing Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interférométrie Radioélectrique (SAFIR) sensors operated by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB), a subcontinental network operated by Météorage (MTRG), and the Met Office's long-range Arrival Time Difference network (ATDnet) are considered. It is found that the median location difference among corresponding strokes and flashes between ATDnet and MTRG is 1.9 and 2.8 km, respectively, and increases by a factor of ~3 when comparing ATDnet and/or MTRG to SAFIR. The absolute mean time difference between shared events fluctuates between approximately 25 and 100 μs. Furthermore, lightning data are correlated in terms of relative detection efficiency, quantifying the number of detections that coincide between two different networks. The highest relative values are found among ATDnet and MTRG. In addition, a lower limit of ~25% of ATDnet's flashes are of type inter/intracloud. Finally, it is demonstrated that all three networks are competent in mapping the electrical activity in thunderstorms.
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10

Gilbert, David E., Bruce R. Johnson, and Cedric Zala. "A reliability study of the lightning locating network in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (1987): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-162.

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To combat the major problem of lightning-caused forest fires in British Columbia, the British Columbia Ministry of Forests operates a lightning locating system developed by Lightning Location and Protection Inc. As of 1985, this network consisted of 18 magnetic direction finders located throughout the province. Lightning strike data collected by the network over three fire seasons (1983–1985) were analyzed to estimate the distribution of lightning signal strength and the component detection efficiencies. The analysis was based on more than 165 000 lightning strike records. In the mountainous terrain of British Columbia, the detection efficiencies of the lightning sensors were found to be somewhat lower than earlier results obtained from similar networks in Florida and Oklahoma. Corrective actions have been taken on five detector sites found to have significantly worse than average detection efficiencies. A long-range program to improve the system by refurbishing with upgraded equipment and adding several new detector sites is under way. The statistical results vividly demonstrate the importance of archiving and analyzing the lightning strike data to provide comprehensive local-environment field tests. In future years the data preparation and analysis techniques will be implemented annually.
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