Academic literature on the topic 'Lightweight cryptography'

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) will soon penetrate every aspect of human life. Several threats and vulnerabilities are present due to the different devices and protocols used in an IoT system. Conventional cryptographic primitives or algorithms cannot run efficiently and are unsuitable for resource-constrained devices in IoT. Hence, a recently developed area of cryptography, known as lightweight cryptography, has been introduced, and over the years, numerous lightweight algorithms have been suggested. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the lightweight cryptography field and considers various popular lightweight cryptographic algorithms proposed and evaluated over the past years for analysis. Different taxonomies of the algorithms and other associated concepts were also provided, which helps new researchers gain a quick overview of the field. Finally, a set of 11 selected ultra-lightweight algorithms are analyzed based on the software implementations, and their evaluation is carried out using different metrics.

Modern cryptography algorithm development has favored hardware optimization in computer systems. This is especially important for fitting cryptographic protocols onto devices with limited computing capacity, volume, and power consumption. Lightweight cryptography is an intellectual pursuit that develops cryptographic methods for economically frugal systems. This study introduces a revolutionary lightweight block cipher based on bio features for adequate cryptographic data security. A carefully planned sequence of analytical paradigms, the core of which involves complex computations to evaluate the proposed cryptographic approach, supports this innovation's theoretical foundations. As detailed in the research, these extensive assessments demonstrate the technology's strong security. The essay examines frequency analysis, frequency within block analysis, and the run test to provide a more complete review. These analytical tools provide sophisticated information regarding the algorithm's resilience to specific cryptographic vulnerabilities. Frequency analysis measures value distribution in the cipher, revealing possible susceptibilities. Frequency within block analysis shows complex value patterns inside discrete blocks, indicating the algorithm's behavior under certain situations. The run test is essential for determining the algorithm's avalanche impact. A careful evaluation of sequential value distribution tests the algorithm's innate sensitivity to input changes, a prerequisite for cryptographic security. This paper carefully examines cryptography algorithmic assessment following academic abstract principles. It includes core security assessments, frequency, frequency within the block, and run tests. The proposed lightweight block cipher's evaluative rigor supports its merit and cogency, making it a significant contribution to the evolving landscape of cryptographic algorithms for resource-constrained computational ecosystems.

In today’s world of pervasive computing, all the devices have become smart. The need for securing these devices becomes a need of the hour. The traditional cryptographic algorithms will not be ideal for small devices, and this opens a new area of cryptography named lightweight cryptography, which focuses on the implementation of cryptographic algorithms in resource-constrained devices without compromise in security. Cryptographic hash functions enable detection of message tampering by adversaries. This paper proposes a lightweight hash function that makes use of sponge functions and higher radii hybrid cellular automata (CAs). The proposed hash function shows good cryptographic properties as well as collision resistance and serves as an ideal hash function for lightweight applications.

In the rapidly developing world of the Internet of Things (IoT), data security has become increasingly important since massive personal data are collected. IoT devices have resource constraints, which makes traditional cryptographic algorithms ineffective for securing IoT devices. To overcome resource limitations, lightweight cryptographic algorithms are needed. To identify research trends and patterns in IoT security, it is crucial to analyze existing works, keywords, authors, journals, and citations. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using performance mapping, science mapping, and enrichment techniques to collect the necessary information. Our analysis included 979 Scopus articles, 214 WOS articles, and 144 IEEE Xplore articles published during 2015–2023, and duplicates were removed. We analyzed and visualized the bibliometric data using R version 4.3.1, VOSviewer version 1.6.19, and the bibliometrix library. We discovered that India is the leading country for this type of research. Archarya and Bansod are the most relevant authors; lightweight cryptography and cryptography are the most relevant terms; and IEEE Access is the most significant journal. Research on lightweight cryptographic algorithms for IoT devices (Raspberry Pi) has been identified as an important area for future research.

In the emerging Internet of Things (IoT), lightweight public key cryptography plays an essential role in security and privacy protection. With the approach of quantum computing era, it is important to design and evaluate lightweight quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms applicable to IoT. LWE-based cryptography is a widely used and well-studied family of postquantum cryptographic constructions whose hardness is based on worst-case lattice problems. To make LWE friendly to resource-constrained IoT devices, a variant of LWE, named Compact-LWE, was proposed and used to design lightweight cryptographic schemes. In this paper, we study the so-called Compact-LWE problem and clarify that under certain parameter settings it can be solved in polynomial time. As a consequence, our result leads to a practical attack against an instantiated scheme based on Compact-LWE proposed by Liu et al. in 2017.

The incorporation of cryptographic techniques is crucial for guaranteeing data privacy and security processed additionally sent inside IOT ecosystems, particularly as the IOT keeps growing. Examining problems including resource limitations, scalability, and the dynamic nature of IOT environments, this research paper explores the complex obstacles that cryptographic solutions confront considering the IOT. Lightweight cryptography, post-quantum cryptography, and blockchain integration are some of the new trends and future prospects in cryptographic research that are examined in this study in an effort to address these issues. This work offers a useful viewpoint for scholars, practitioners, and legislators engaged in the constantly changing field of cryptographic protocols inside the IOT framework by clarifying current problems and projecting future advancements. Keywords— Cryptography, Internet of Things (IOT), Security,Challenges

The object of the study is the processes of building groups of symmetric double-operand operations of cryptographic coding of information. The subject of the study are features of the implementation of a generalized method of synthesis groups of symmetric two-operand operations of cryptographic coding information for "lightweight cryptography". The purpose of this work is to investigate the process of building and implementing a method of synthesis of groups of symmetric multibit double-operand operations of information cryptographic coding to provide automation for finding ways to increase the variability, and stability of lightweight cryptoalgorithms. The following tasks are solved in the article: to determine the mathematical group of single-operand operations, on the basis of which the realization of the method of synthesis of groups of symmetric double-operand operations of cryptographic coding will be presented; to offer the search technology of symmetric double-operand operations; to evaluate power of synthesized groups of operations, and their influence on variability and stability of " lightweight cryptography" algorithms. The following results were obtained: the technology for determining symmetric double-operand operations, which will be the basis for the synthesis of a group of symmetric double-operand operations, was proposed. A method for synthesizing groups of symmetric double-operand cryptographic information coding operations for block encryption systems was proposed and implemented. On the example of module-two addition with correction and the use of three-digit single-operand operations, the practical implementation of this method was shown. Based on the synthesized operations and the given quantitative characteristics of the set of single-operand operations, the power of synthesized groups of operations and their influence on the variability and stability of "lightweight cryptography" algorithms were evaluated. Conclusions: the proposed and implemented method of synthesis of groups of symmetric double-operand operations of cryptographic coding information allows to provide the possibility of increasing the variability of lightweight crypto-algorithms. Synthesis of symmetric cryptographic coding operations belonging to different mathematical groups provides increase of algorithm's crypto stability. Application of synthesized cryptographic coding operations leads to significant increase of variability of cryptoalgorithms and their complexity.