Journal articles: 'Ligne de bus'

1

Strubel, Armand. "Le pastiche à l’épreuve du manuscrit Paris, BnF fr. 146 : le dépit amoureux de Fauvel." Études françaises 46, no. 3 (December 21, 2010): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045121ar.

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Le cheval Fauvel, synthèse des Vices, s’est lancé dans une aventure insensée : demander la main de Fortune, qui le repousse brutalement et l’agonit de sarcasmes. La version du Roman de Fauvel contenue dans le manuscrit Bnf fr. 146 place à ce moment-clef du poème réécrit à partir de Gervais du Bus une longue interpolation de plus de 700 vers, qui amplifie le dépit amoureux du soupirant éconduit. Même si ce n’est pas, littéralement, l’âne à la lyre, la situation paraît idéale pour identifier les traces du pastiche, d’autant plus que la complainte est enrichie de citations lyriques et de pièces musicales insérées. L’enjeu est de repérer les indices textuels, iconographiques et autres, les marqueurs de l’imitation décalée. On constate, en cours d’analyse, que malgré l’évidence globale, le pointage précis se heurte à de nombreuses difficultés : entre le pastiche, la parodie et la satire, la ligne de partage est malaisée à tracer, et la part subjective de l’interprétation reste irréductible.

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Brugère, Fabienne, and Guillaume le Blanc. "À propos d’un bus." Lignes 58, no. 1 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lignes.058.0195.

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Kampf, Rudolf, Karel Zeman, and Pavel Beneš. "The Determination of the Optimal Variant of Public Bus Line Transport Vehicles in the Daily Circulation." Naše more 62, SI (October 2015): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2015/si6.

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Wei, Junjun, Kejun Long, Jian Gu, Qingling Ju, and Piao Zhu. "Optimizing Bus Line Based on Metro-Bus Integration." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041493.

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Metros are usually built and added on the basis of a completed bus network in Chinese cities. After the metro construction, it is faced with the problem of how to adjust and optimize the original bus lines based on the new metro system. This research mainly proposes a bus line optimization method based on bus and metro integration. In the consideration of the geographical space, the cooperation and competition relationship between bus and metro lines is qualitatively introduced according to the geographical location and service range of metro (800 m radius) and bus (500 m radius) stations. The competition and cooperation indexes are applied to define the co-opetition relationship between bus and metro lines. The bus line optimization model is constructed based on the co-opetition coefficient and Changsha Metro Line Number 2 is chosen as a case study to verify the optimization model. The results show that the positive competition, efficient cooperation, and travel efficiency between metro and bus has been significantly enhanced after optimization. Moreover, this paper provides a reasonable reference for public transport network planning and resource allocation.

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Liu, Shu Xin, Yun Dong Cao, Chun Guang Hou, Yang Liu, and Xiao Ming Liu. "Development of On-Line Monitoring System and Aging Characteristics Research of Switchgear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.364.

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For improving reliable operation of switchgear in power system, an approach for on-line monitoring the insulation characteristic and bus-bar temperature rising of the switchgear is proposed in this paper. Through comparing several existing temperature measurement methods for monitoring temperature rising elevation at bus-bas, a new design of temperature monitoring method is proposed. It adopts quick-magnetic saturated current transformer, temperature sensor and infrared transmission to solve the problem of high voltage isolation. The epoxy resin insulation material which is commonly used in switchgear its aging mechanism data is not complete, seriously restrict on-line monitoring for switchgear, so thousands hours of aging experiment is done on switchgear, systematic study various electrical characteristics variation law on the gradual aging process of epoxy resin insulation materials. Therefore, study on the aging characteristics of switchgearinsulation and its lifetime estimation method is the key technology to understand agingmechanism better, search for new fault diagnostic method and the way to extend theuseful lifetime of switchgear. At last, the system runs in real system and the result shows the on-line monitoring system is stable and reliable which can be provide reference for on-line monitoring system design of switchgear.

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Zhou, Wang, Ji, and Cottrill. "Coordinated Control Strategy for Multi-Line Bus Bunching in Common Corridors." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 6221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226221.

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Improving the sharing rate of public transportation is an important content for the sustainable development of urban transportation. However, bus bunching, a common phenomenon during transit operation, makes negative effects on reliability and service level of the bus system. In most urban centers in China, many bus lines usually serve in a corridor. Different buses may interact with each other in the corridor, which may aggravate the bus bunching. However, previous studies on bus bunching focused on single bus service. In addition, with the popularization of bus data acquisition and the maturity of data processing methods, the accuracy of bus bunching research meets more opportunities. In this paper, we proposed a holding strategy based on two-bus cooperative control. A simulation was carried out after preliminarily processing and analyzing the bus operation data of Foshan, Guangdong City. In the simulation, we compared the performance of three different scenarios, which are before control strategy, under the strategy for a single bus line and under the coordinated strategy for multiple bus lines. We contrastively analyze the results of the two strategies from different aspects. The results show that in aspects, such as holding a frequency, holding time, the total running time and the influence on the other bus line, the cooperative holding strategy manifests better. It illustrates that it is meaningful to do such a research on the effect of corridor service on bus bunching and add this effect into traditional holding strategy to build a multi-bus cooperative control strategy. The results have important theoretical significance for enriching and completing existing theory and methods of transit system and practical value for improving the service level and attractiveness of buses, increasing the share rate of public transportation, and thus, promoting the sustainable development of cities.

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Wang, Wei, Shu Min Qin, Xing Ke Tian, Jian Wei Zhang, and Fu Xin Li. "Queue Delay Model and Simulation for TTCAN." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.707.

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This paper analyzes the transmission characteristics of TTCAN bus and builts TTCAN bus delay equation. TTCAN bus line on average delay modeling analysis, through analyzing the TTCAN bus line average delay modeling analysis, using computer simulation tools, creates a transport simulation model TTCAN bus.

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Chung, Wan-Sup, and Jin-Geun Shon. "On-line Remote Diagnosis System for DC Bus Capacitor of Power Converters Using Zigbee Communication." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kieep.2015.64.1.029.

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9

Ning, Hong Long, Chang Oh Jeong, Ki Yong Song, Sung Hen Cho, Jae Hong Kim, Dong Ju Yang, Jean Ho Song, and Shi Yul Kim. "Half-Buried Structure Cu Bus Line in TFT LCD." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.329.

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As we know, we normally used stacked aluminum bus line as the Gate or Source/Drain layer in LCD now, but the next general LCD needs larger display area, higher resolution, and faster response time, so we need develop the new TFT bus line structure and select the appropriate metallization materials to decrease the resistance of bus line. There are many new kinds of structure and material were used, for example copper, silver and their alloys, pure copper have some advantages among them because of its low electric resistance and cost, but it is restricted by the problem of pure copper’s lifting and etching. In this paper, we not only use electroless copper plating to decrease the resistance and cost of bus line but also use the half-buried structure to increase the thickness of bus line, it can combine these two new technologies well in LCD. We use the half-buried structure copper bus line to make some panel samples, it can decrease the delay of RC greatly (it is lower than 1/4 of normal aluminum bus line panel in the same size).

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10

Yao, Baozhen, Qingda Cao, Lu Jin, Mingheng Zhang, and Yibing Zhao. "Circle Line Optimization of Shuttle Bus in Central Business District without Transit Hub." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i1.2015.

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The building density of Central Business District (CBD) is usually high. Land for a bus terminal is insufficient. In this situation, passengers in CBD have to walk far to take a bus, or take a long time to wait for a taxi. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an indirect approach: the design of a circle line of shuttle bus as a dynamic bus terminal in CBD. The shuttle bus can deliver people to the bus station through a circle line. This approach not only reduces the traffic pressure in CBD, but also saves travel time of the passenger. A bi-objective model is proposed to design a circle line of a shuttle bus for CBD. The problem is solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Furthermore, the Dalian city in China has been chosen as the case study to test the proposed method. The results indicate that the method is effective for circle line optimization of shuttle bus in central business district without a bus terminal.

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Siswantin, Siswantin. "STUDI DRAMATURGI: KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN PEDAGANG ASONG DI BIS." Jurnal Inovasi 13, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/jurnalinovasi.v13i1.610.

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The phenomenan of street vendors, especially those on the bus, has its own characteristics in affering merchandise. This little research aims to explore the experience and management of persuasion of street verndors while on the bus. The results of the study show that bidding attraction is a medium of persuasion that allows them to make a bid with a certain duration. Each trader has a different time allocation in doing his attractions, depending on the type of goods being sold. Attraction offers made in line with the concept of impression management, role distance and strategic interaction proposed by Erving Goffma. Fenomena pedagang asong, khususnya yang berada di atas bis memiliki ciri khas tersendiri dalam menawarkan daganganya. Penelitian kecil ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengalaman dan pengelolaan persuasi para pedagang asong selama berada di atas bis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan atraksi penawaran merupakan media persuasi yang memungkinkan mereka melakukan penawaran dengan durasi waktu tertentu. Setiap pedagang asong memiliki alokasi waktu yang berbeda dalam melakukan atraksinya , sangat tergantung pada jenis barang yang dijajakan. Atraksi penawaran yang dilakukan sejalan dengan konsep impression management, role distance dan interaction strategic yang dikemukakan oleh Erving Goffman.

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12

Chen, Qun. "Global Optimization for Bus Line Timetable Setting Problem." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/636937.

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This paper defines bus timetables setting problem during each time period divided in terms of passenger flow intensity; it is supposed that passengers evenly arrive and bus runs are set evenly; the problem is to determine bus runs assignment in each time period to minimize the total waiting time of passengers on platforms if the number of the total runs is known. For such a multistage decision problem, this paper designed a dynamic programming algorithm to solve it. Global optimization procedures using dynamic programming are developed. A numerical example about bus runs assignment optimization of a single line is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, showing that optimizing buses’ departure time using dynamic programming can save computational time and find the global optimal solution.

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13

Yang, Zhen, Wei Wang, Shuyan Chen, Haoyang Ding, and Xiaowei Li. "Genetic Algorithm for Multiple Bus Line Coordination on Urban Arterial." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/868521.

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Bus travel time on road section is defined and analyzed with the effect of multiple bus lines. An analytical model is formulated to calculate the total red time a bus encounters when travelling along the arterial. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the offset scheme of traffic signals to minimize the total red time that all bus lines encounter in two directions of the arterial. The model and algorithm are applied to the major part ofZhongshan NorthStreet in the city of Nanjing. The results show that the methods in this paper can reduce total red time of all the bus lines by 31.9% on the object arterial and thus improve the traffic efficiency of the whole arterial and promote public transport priority.

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14

Zhang, Si-Jia, Shun-Ping Jia, Yun Bai, Bao-Hua Mao, Cun-Rui Ma, and Tong Zhang. "Optimal Adjustment Schemes on the Long Through-Type Bus Lines considering the Urban Rail Transit Network." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8029137.

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It is of great importance to optimize the schemes of long through-type bus lines to adapt to the urban rail transit network. Focusing on the long through-type bus lines close to metro stations, a bilevel programming model on the adjustment schemes of bus lines is proposed, taking the impacts of urban rail transit network into account. The upper level model aims at adjusting the setting decisions of stop stations and vehicle headways of bus lines to minimize the passenger travel cost and maximize the benefits of bus operators. The lower level model is a passenger flow assignment model based on Logit-SUE considering the crowding perception of passengers in bus vehicles. Moreover, the constraint of average load factor of the bus line sections is considered. Then the genetic algorithm is applied to solve the proposed model, and a numerical example is conducted to verify the effectiveness. Results show that the value of the objective function of the model is improved by 27.2%, in comparison with the original scheme. Even though the average travel cost of passengers increases slightly, the bus line operation cost and the imbalance degree of load factors are reduced by 46.1% and 18.6%, respectively. The sensitivity analyses show that it is better to divide the long through-type bus line into several separate bus lines with independent operation, respectively, under the condition of unbalanced passenger flow distribution. Meanwhile, the multiple bus lines are more adapted to the unbalanced passenger flow distribution when the weight of the benefits of the bus operators in the total objective function is bigger. Besides, the lower time value that the passengers perceive, the more passengers willing to take bus than metro trains. As the increment of the passenger time value, the combination of feeder bus lines and a longer bus line is better for passengers’ trip demand than the long through-type bus line.

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Lin, Huipin, Jin Hu, Xiao Zhou, Zhengyu Lu, and Lujun Wang. "New DC Grid Power Line Communication Technology Used in Networked LED Driver." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123531.

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In order to reduce the cost and improve the reliability, real-time performance, and installation convenience of remote-controlled light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems, a networked LED driving technology based on the direct current (DC) grid power line carrier is proposed. In this system, an alternating current (AC)/DC bus converter converts the mains into a DC bus with multiple distributed LED drive powers on the DC bus. The AC/DC bus converter receives the user’s control command and modulates it into the DC bus voltage. The DC bus waveform changes to a square wave containing the high and low changes of the address information and command information. The LED drive power of the corresponding address receives energy from the DC bus and demodulates the commands, such as turning the lights on and off, dimming, etc., and performs the action. In order to make the waveform of the AC/DC bus converter have better rising and falling edge, this paper adopts the half-bridge topology with variable modal control. In the modulation process, the circuit works in buck mode and boost mode. Distributed LED drivers have DC/DC circuits and very simple demodulation circuits that dissipate energy and information from the DC bus. Through experiments, the technology not only simplifies the use of communication technology in application, but also reduces the application difficulty.

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16

Longelin, Franck. "Le Haut était en bas." Ligeia N°29-32, no. 1 (1999): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lige.029.0127.

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Wu, Jun, Jing Wang, and Kui Yang. "Research on Integration of Urban and Rural Bus Line Network Planning Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1230.

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The advance of urbanization makes existing bus line network can not meet the travel needs of the increasing urban and rural residents, but reasonable integration of urban and rural bus line network planning is able to effectively solve this problem. In this paper, as a starting point to establish bi-level programming model of integration of urban and rural bus line network planning, the goal of upper model is minimum total investment in the construction of urban and rural public bus line network to the transport sector and the target of lower model is network resistance minimum. Then, based on the genetic algorithm to solve the model and put forward steps and flowchart. Established bi-level programming model by analyzing the studies can provide a theoretical reference for the planning of urban and rural bus line network.

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Anyaka, Boniface Onyemaechi, and Innocent Onyebuchi Ozioko. "Transmission line short circuit analysis by impedance matrix method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1712-1721.

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Fault analysis is the process of determining the magnitude of fault voltage and current during the occurrence of different types of fault in electrical power system. Transmission line fault analysis is usually done for both symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Symmetrical faults are called three-phase balance fault while unsymmetrical faults include: single line-to-ground, line-to-line, and double line-to-ground faults. In this research, bus impedance matrix method for fault analysis is presented. Bus impedance matrix approach has several advantages over Thevenin’s equivalent method and other conventional approaches. This is because the off-diagonal elements represent the transfer impedance of the power system network and helps in calculating the branch fault currents during a fault. Analytical and simulation approaches on a single line-to-ground fault on 3-bus power system network under bolted fault condition were used for the study. Both methods were compared and result showed negligible deviation of 0.02% on the average. The fault currents under bolted condition for the single line-to-ground fault were found to be 4. 7244p.u while the bus voltage is 0. 4095p.u for buses 1 and 2 respectively and 0. 00p.u for bus 3 since the fault occurred at this bus. Therefore, there is no need of burdensomely connecting the entire three sequence network during fault analysis in electrical power system.

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Wang, Q. L. "Studies on the Technology and Application of Transit Signal Priority on Exclusive Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.774.

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Bus priority is the effective methods of reducing traffic jam in large and medium-sized cities. Application and assessment of bus signal priority is studied, bus signal priority whole scheme is put forward based on GPS pointing and intelligent dispatch by investigating the situation of No.36 bus waiting time at stops and intersections. Based on Zigbee active request bus signal priority, dataflow process under local request and central request is analyzed, the principle of bus signal priority on balanced distance headway is put forward, and adjustment of key features parameters realized combining with SCATS traffic signal control system. The application assessment shows that, there are average 651 priority requests and 286 priority buses every day, priority efficiency is 43.9%.The average speed of No.36 bus increased 15.8%, the delay time reduced 13.2%, the stopping times reduced 27%, the twice stop situation at intersections basically disappeared, average delay at each intersection increased 3%.

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Nugrahenny, Dwi, Anton Setiawan Honggowibowo, and Mega Lesya Mukti. "PENERAPAN MOTION TWEEN UNTUK ANIMASI DUA DIMENSI RUTE PERJALANAN BUS TRANS JOGJA." Conference SENATIK STT Adisutjipto Yogyakarta 1 (December 3, 2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/senatik.v1i0.42.

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Transportation is one of the important aspects in a region, where public transportation take effect on the mobility of the people. To achieve a good transportation can be create, so that the infrastructure and other supporting factors are needed. Yogyakarta municipality area has a lot of public transportasion, one of them is “Trans Jogja” bus, where each bus line has its route to reach any destination. It is needed a supporting media that can provide information about the route for each bus line so that people can be easily deciding which bus line that can use to reach their destination. Those information presented in the form of animation with an interesting and informative media. The use of animation as an information media that shown as a route trip, bus line including bus stop and departing passangers place assessed can be use as one of the other option for obtaining information except from a conventional map.

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Li, Ming, Linlin Wang, Jingfeng Yang, Zhenkun Zhang, Nanfeng Zhang, Yifei Xiang, and Handong Zhou. "Passenger flow forecast for customized bus based on time series fuzzy clustering algorithm." Interaction Studies 20, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.18040.li.

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Abstract Customized bus services are conducive to improving urban traffic and environment, and have attracted widespread attention. However, the problems encountered in the new customized bus mode include the large difference between the basis of customized bus passenger flow data analysis and the basis of the traditional bus passenger flow data analysis, and the difficulty in different vehicle scheduling caused by the combination of traditional and customized bus modes. We propose a customized bus passenger flow analysis algorithm and multi-destination customized bus line capacity scheduling algorithm, and display them in an intuitive way. The experimental results show that the algorithm model established in this paper can basically meet the data requirements of operation and management, and can provide decision support for customized bus line planning.

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Cui, Jie, Yueer Gao, Jing Cheng, and Lei Shi. "Study on the Selection Model of Staying Adjustment Bus Lines along Rail Transit." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (February 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6385359.

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To fully achieve effective rail transit, prevent the waste of conventional bus capacity along a rail transit line, and relieve the urban traffic congestion problem, it is necessary to screen for the adjustment of conventional bus lines prior to the operation of rail transit to provide a basis for further optimization of bus lines. Based on the analysis of spatial relationships between a rail transit line and conventional collinear bus lines and considering the time advantage characteristics of rail transit in rush hours, a model of the generalized travel time costs and travel time savings proportion in the collinear section of rail transit and bus was proposed. To evaluate the utility of rail transit relative to conventional bus collinear lines, the conventional bus lines to be adjusted were determined. Taking Xiamen as an example, the bus lines of Hubin East Road Station as the endpoint of metro line 1 were employed to calculate the model using GPS data of the buses, and the bus lines to be adjusted in the Hubin East Road were determined. The results show that the model is effective in the elastic selection of conventional bus lines that need to be adjusted and provides decision-making support for urban comprehensive public transport planning.

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Xiu, Wanjing, and Yuan Liao. "Fault Location for Transmission Lines with Voltage and Current Measurements at One Bus." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0071.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel fault location method for transmission lines. The proposed method extends an existing method to locate faults by employing voltage and current measurements at one bus, which can be the bus of the faulted line or be far away from the faulted line. The method is applicable if a loop exists that encloses the faulted line, and the bus, of which the voltage is used, and the branch, of which the current is used. The during-fault positive-sequence bus impedance matrix is derived. Then superimposed voltages and currents due to the fault are expressed as a function of fault location and related transfer and driving point impedances. Consequently, the fault location can be evaluated using the obtained measurements. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to consider the shunt capacitances of the line. The proposed method is independent of fault resistance and fault type. Simulation studies have been carried out based on a 27-bus power system, and promising results have been achieved.

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Tang, Tieqiao, Yanfeng Shi, Yunpeng Wang, and Guizhen Yu. "A bus-following model with an on-line bus station." Nonlinear Dynamics 70, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-012-0445-8.

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Zheng, Xiu Yu, Na Huang, and Wei Chen. "Method of Acquiring Current in Fault Line Based on Principle of Continuity for Electric Current." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.468.

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In transmission network, according to that current in each no-fault line connecting to same bus bar is so far less than current in fault line and CT isn’t saturated or a little, a method of acquiring current in fault line based on principle of continuity for electric current is proposed. It acquires current in fault line through measuring currents in no-fault lines connecting to the same bus bar, even considering influence from distributed capacitance of bus bar in time domain analysis. Simulations indicate that the method is correct, and can eliminate or effectively diminish influence from CT saturation.

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Hlaing, Ya Min Su, and Ze Ya Aung. "Performance Analysis on Transmission Line for Improvement of Load Flow." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7208.

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This thesis implements power flow application, Newton-Raphson method. The Newton-Raphson method is mainly employed in the solution of power flow problems. The network of Myanma electric power system is used as the reference case. The system network contains 90 buses and 106 brunches. The weak points are found in the network by using Newton-Raphson method. Bus 16, 17, 85 and 86 have the most weak bus voltages. The medium transmission line between bus 87 and bus 17 is compensated by using MATLAB program software. The transmission line is compensated with shunt reactors, series and shunt capacitors to improve transient and steady-state stability, more economical loading, and minimum voltage dip on load buses and to supply the requisite reactive power to maintain the receiving end voltage at a satisfactory level. The system performance is tested under steady-state condition. This paper investigates and improves the steady–state operation of Myanma Power System Network.

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Chakravorty, J., and J. Saraswat. "Deciding Optimal Location of DPFC in Transmission Line Using Artificial Algae Algorithm." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3978–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2667.

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In this paper, the application of artificial algae algorithm (AAA) in optimal placement distributed power flow controller (DPFC) with MCFC in transmission networks has been proposed The proposed method is tested on IEEE 14- bus system and the results are discussed. The biggest advantage of DPFC is that it can control the active and reactive power flow and bus voltages, simultaneously. In this paper, the optimal placement of one DPFC in IEEE-14 bus system and then optimal placement of two DPFCs in IEEE-14 bus system has been proposed. Optimal placement of DPFC in power system by AAA leads to increased stability and capacity of the power transmission in lines. The proposed model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the performance results are tabulated.

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Li, Sheng, Zhihao Zhou, Qiqi Shan, and Jiani An. "Analysis of Transient Voltage Stability in a Low Voltage Distribution Network Using SST for the Integration of Distributed Generations." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3498491.

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Models of a low voltage distribution network using a typical tertiary-structure solid state transformer (SST) for the integration of distributed generations (DGs) and a conventional low voltage distribution network integrated with DGs were established to study the transient voltage stability issue, using the power system simulation software PSCAD. Effects on the transient voltage stability of the load bus and DC bus in the SST system are analyzed when grid-side cable line faults (such as short circuit and line disconnection) occur or the total output of DGs drops greatly. The results show that, comparing with the conventional system, the SST has apparent advantages on enhancing the transient voltage stability of load bus while facing different disturbances, even though SST has to regulate the voltage passively. Short circuit faults at different location of the grid-side line have different effects on the transient voltage stability, while the effect of disconnection fault is not related to fault location. Moreover, the DC bus voltage is easy to keep climbing continually when short circuit fault of the line occurs that is close to the SST input stage or disconnection fault occurs at any location of the line. If a battery energy storage station is installed, the transient voltage stability of DC bus and load bus will be improved effectively because of the regulation function of battery storage.

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bin Salim, Norhafiz. "Optimal Location of UPFC with ATC Calculation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.896.

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Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices namely Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) will gives a basic control for transmission line real/reactive power flow and bus voltage/shunt reactive power. UPFC helps in regulating the power and mitigating the rotor speed instability and damping oscillations. UPFC placement was conducted at each line in the entire network system to obtain the most suitable optimum location for most effectiveness performance. The performance of the optimal UPFC location is checked by applying a fault across a transmission line to which UPFC is connected and the power flow in the line and stability of the system is determined. Available Transfer Capability values indicate allowable highest magnitude of active power (MW) that can be transferred from the source to the sink over and above the already committed uses (base case) of the whole network without exceeding any line thermal loading and bus voltage limits. Finally, simulations were carried out using PSAT software to validate the performance of the UPFC which connected to a transmission line. The effectiveness for UPFC is demonstrated on IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 24 bus system while for ATC is demonstrated on IEEE 6 bus system and all the results are compared.

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Wu, Jun, Jie Meng, and Xiang Li Zou. "Research on Sites Layout of Integrative Public Transit in Urban and Country." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.46.

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In response to the phenomenon that urban and rural residents travel in short supply caused by rapid economic development, expanded the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout study. Firstly, analyzed the factors that affect the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout. Secondly, used operations research and mathematical methods to site layout model. Finally, used a hypothetical example to verify the feasibility of the model. The result shows that the model can solve some of the problems in the integration of urban and rural bus to make some contribution to the integration of urban and rural bus. Key words: the integration of urban and rural bus; site; mode; layout

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Hisham, Faheema, Jonathan M. Bunker, and Ashish Bhaskar. "Capacity Estimation of On-Street, Mid-Block, Off-Line Bus Stops Considering Yield-to-Bus Rule." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 1 (January 2019): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822299.

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The effectiveness of an on-street bus facility depends on the volume of general traffic sharing the buses’ travel lane. The Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) methodology estimates capacity of a bus facility based on the operation of critical stops. The aim of this study is to understand better the performance of an on-street, mid-block, off-line bus stop by relating bus stop capacity to adjacent lane traffic volume. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, the TCQSM methodology incorporates the effect of adjacent lane traffic volume on bus stop capacity at mid-block bus stops through its effect on re-entry delay, but it does not consider the impact of the bus stop itself on adjacent lane traffic capacity. This paper introduces a novel methodology to estimate the additional time required to accommodate adjacent lane traffic volume under saturated conditions. Second, the TCQSM methodology does not reflect the effect on re-entry delay of a yield-to-bus (YTB) rule, which is mandatory by law in some jurisdictions. This paper modifies the current TCQSM methodology by allowing for the YTB rule. A microscopic simulation model is developed in order to cross-validate the theoretical model developed.

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Zhao, Shuzhi, Dong Wang, Jian Sun, and Huasheng Liu. "Optimization Model for Multi-Vehicle-Type Structure in Urban Bus Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7914318.

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Nowadays, bus lines commonly share terminals, especially in urban areas, because an independent operation of each line would cause a large waste of resources. In addition, if lines share terminal all lines can be monitored by unified management, while the vehicles of different sizes can complement each other. Although the dispatcher generally sets up fixed departure intervals for bus lines, there are differences between bus lines in terms of operating time distribution and line volume. Thus, a new optimization model for multi-vehicle-type structure in urban bus system is proposed in this paper. The optimization was conducted according to two main characteristics of bus systems, bus company expense and bus service quality. The optimization model was designed based on minimal possible expense and maximal possible quality. At the same time, we proposed a Markov method based on alternative relations to solve the model. The proposed model was verified by real urban bus system. Moreover, the simulations in MATLAB software environment have proven a high efficiency and applicability of the proposed method.

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Hafezi, Mohammad Hesam, and Amiruddin Ismail. "Interaction between Bus Stops Location and Traffic on Bus Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.1185.

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In bus networks there are many stations used for boarding and alighting passengers along the bus route. In designing bus stop location three sides approach to be considered; the big picture, street side and curb side. Apiece of three sides have directly affects in the bus scheduling. The effectiveness of bus operation will depend on number of bus stops and its spacing. Basically, bus stations have two kinds: bus stop, use to service passengers in one bus line and bus interchange (terminal) use to share station between some bus lines. This article described a survey on bus stop location efficiency in bus operation where study on bus stop location in three points: near-side, far-side and mid-block were considered. It has been highlighted bus stop location in situation mid-block has higher efficiency than others situations.

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Rong, Hai Liang, and Yong Sheng Zhang. "Design of Mine Communication Module Based on Power Line Carrier and CAN Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.775.

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Aiming coal mine production conditions, and analyzing the characteristics of underground transmission information, combined with power line carrier technology and industrial field bus technology, designed dual transfer communication module based on power line carrier technology and CAN bus, and on this basis to achieve a bus monitoring network. This paper describes the design of communication module and the composition of the monitoring network, which provide a stable and reliable method for information transmission of underground coal mines.

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SARBAEV, V. I., A. G. GUSEV, A. S. CHUSOVA, and V. V. YUZHAKOV. "USE OF SATELLITE TRANSPORT MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE QUALITY OF BUS MANAGEMENT ON THE LINE." World of transport and technological machines 72, no. 1 (2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-72-1-36-40.

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The possibilities of using satellite transport monitoring systems for the quality of bus man-agement on the line, in order to prevent conflict and emergency situations, are considered. Statis-tical data on accidents on the line of a small bus company and the possibility of using the results of GPS monitoring to work with drivers to ensure road safety are provided. The results of using the «ERA-GLONASS» system in a small bus company are presented.

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Shiqi, Huang, Huang Zhengfeng, Zhao Xing, Zheng Pengjun, Lu Lili, and Ren Gang. "Performance Evaluation of Bus Routing Scheme During Subway Construction Using Fuzzy Aggregation." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010826.

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To evaluate the layout adjustment scheme of bus line during subway construction, the method combining quantitative survey and fuzzy aggregation is used. One criterion is transit service level, which considered nonlinear coefficient, line length, transfer distance and average waiting time. Another criterion is traffic impact degree incorporating three factors: saturation degree on work-zone section, saturation degree at intersection, passenger volume. The fuzzy aggregation is based on these two criteria. The evaluation method is applied in Ningbo of China.Viaquantitative survey, it is found that most of the factors with respect to these two criteria are degraded, when the bus routing scheme comes out during the construction of subway # 1. For instance, new layout such as bus line relocation and bus stop displacement increases traffic volume on some of the south-north links. Most of these links intersect with work-zone links on Zhongshan Road. However, when comparing the evaluated performance of bus line adjustment condition to the one of previous condition under subway construction stage, the gap is well within the acceptable limit. Therefore, the increased traffic may affect the traffic passing on some south-north roads, but will not hinder citizen's daily travel. These analysis and evaluation of bus routing scheme provide reference for the subway construction in other cities with respect to road traffic management.

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Meng, Jie, and Zhen Zhou Yuan. "Research on Sites Layout of Integrative Public Transit in Urban and Rural." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2516.

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In response to the phenomenon that urban and rural residents travel in short supply caused by rapid economic development, expanded the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout study. Firstly, analyzed the factors that affect the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout. Secondly, used operations research and mathematical methods to site layout model. Finally, taking a brief introduction of the steps that using the genetic algorithm to solve this model. The result shows that the model can solve some of the problems in the integration of urban and rural bus to make some contributions to the integration of urban and rural bus.

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Jiménez, Felipe, Francisco Serradilla, Alfonso Román, and José Eugenio Naranjo. "Bus line classification using neural networks." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 30 (July 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.05.008.

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Fu, Chao, and Jing Hao. "High Voltage Circuit Breaker on-Line Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.668.

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The high voltage circuit breaker is an important power system equipment. The reliability of its running relationship with the safe operation of the entire power system. High voltage circuit breaker on-line monitoring system enables real-time monitoring of various parameters during the operation in which the circuit breaker, and the use of communication to achieve data transfer bus information. Through monitoring points, closing coil current signals to constitute the core of C8051F online monitoring unit via RS-485 serial bus will monitor information is uploaded to the master computer.

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Hao Xiaoni, Jin Wenzhou, and Yang Yazao. "Bus Scheduling Combination and Headway Optimization of a Bus Lane Line." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 6 (March 31, 2013): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue6.91.

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Lyu, Yan, Chi-Yin Chow, Victor C. S. Lee, Joseph K. Y. Ng, Yanhua Li, and Jia Zeng. "CB-Planner: A bus line planning framework for customized bus systems." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 101 (April 2019): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.02.006.

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Chen, Qi, and Qing Lu. "Circular Bus Network Planning Method in Chessboard-Shaped Road Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.730.

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Bus routes planning is the key to the design of public transport system, it determines the status of public transports at a large degree. For the existing bus network traffic problems, such as bus traffic is not balanced in both pace and time, flat-peak conversion is slow, non-linear coefficient is high. Therefore a circular bus network planning method is put out. The overall interests of passenger and bus operators are used as the objective function; the public transportation network technical indicators are used as the constraint conditions. When designing the network, the transfer coefficient and the line length are used for the control conditions. The main through passenger is satisfied at first, and the initial network is laid out by the circular line. Then the bus network is revised according to the constraints conditions with the status of the road network. From the different purposes, different option should be compared by the value of objective function, and the optimal one is gained at last.

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Tian, Zhanwei, Zhuo Zhang, Hongfei Wang, and Li Ma. "Complexity analysis on public transport networks of 97 large- and medium-sized cities in China." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 09 (April 5, 2018): 1850108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501084.

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The traffic situation in Chinese urban areas is continuing to deteriorate. To make a better planning and designing of the public transport system, it is necessary to make profound research on the structure of urban public transport networks (PTNs). We investigate 97 large- and medium-sized cities’ PTNs in China, construct three types of network models — bus stop network, bus transit network and bus line network, then analyze the structural characteristics of them. It is revealed that bus stop network is small-world and scale-free, bus transit network and bus line network are both small-world. Betweenness centrality of each city’s PTN shows similar distribution pattern, although these networks’ size is various. When classifying cities according to the characteristics of PTNs or economic development level, the results are similar. It means that the development of cities’ economy and transport network has a strong correlation, PTN expands in a certain model with the development of economy.

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Xiaoliang, Zhang, and Jia Limin. "Analysis of Bus Line Operation Reliability Based on Copula Function." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158419.

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To promote the development level of urban sustainability, more and more cities have been paying attention to the improvement of public transportation. City managers intend to attract people from private cars to public transport by improving the service level of urban public transport. The operational reliability of bus lines plays a crucial role in maintaining high-level service of public transportation. Previous studies have focused on the service level of the whole line by investigating the overall stability of departure punctuality, line running time, and punctuality. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the whole line and sites in terms of the influence on the operational reliability of bus lines. This study proposes a bus route reliability evaluation method, based on copulas connect function, and the actual line data are taken as a case study. The results show that the method reveals the relationship between the overall line and the interstation paths in the context of operational reliability. This study finds the interstation path, which is more critical to the whole line. This method can provide a good reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of line operation and the optimization of bus routes. The results can support the sustainable development of public transportation.

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Singh, Satyendra Pratap, and S. P. Singh. "On-line Assessment of Voltage Stability using Synchrophasor Technology." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp1-8.

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Series of blackouts encountered in recent years in power system have been occurred because either of voltage or angle instability or both together was not detected within time and progressive voltage or angle instability further degraded the system condition, because of increase in loading. This paper presents the real-time assessment methodology of voltage stability using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) with observability of load buses only in power network. PMUs are placed at strategically obtained location such that minimum number of PMU’s can make all load buses observable. Data obtained by PMU’s are used for voltage stability assessment with the help of successive change in the angle of bus voltage with respect to incremental load, which is used as on-line voltage stability predictor (VSP). The real-time voltage phasors obtained by PMU’s are used as real time voltage stability indicator. The case study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus system and IEEE-30 bus systems to demonstrate the results.

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Narayana, P. Lakshmi, M. Venkatesan, and S. Ravindra. "Fast Load Voltage Stability Index constrained PMU Placement for Complete Observability." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (November 27, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21764.

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This paper proposes a Fast Load Voltage Stability Index (FLVSI) constrained Binary Integer Programming (BIP) method for Phasor Measurement Unit placement at optimal locations in network to obtain complete observability. Every load bus of network is considered to sort out weak load bus from proposed FLVSI approach. PMUs are constrained to place at weak load buses using BIP approach for observability of network. Zero Injection (ZI) modeling is suggested to reduce PMU placement locations in network. Single line outage or PMU loss constraints are formulated for placement of PMUs. Bus Redundancy Index (BRI) is formulated and considered for every bus of network. With and without ZI modeling under normal and line outage cases is compared to present effectiveness of approach. IEEE –14- 30-and 57- bus networks are tested with MATLAB Programming and compared with other methods to show its effectiveness.

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V, Sujatha, and E. A. Mary Anitha. "E-Carnet Resumption and Repository System for Bus Line Commuters." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp262-264.

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<span lang="EN-US">E-Carnet Resumption and Repository System for Bus Line Commuters is an ongoing venture which is very useful for the passengers. Resumption can be done using any two id proof and using credit card for paying money. This online bus pass Resumption application will help people to save their time and repository the bus passes without standing in a line for hours near counters. At first individuals need to enlist with the application by submitting points of interest of photograph, address proof, any two id verification and required subtle elements and submit through on the web. The application will verify the details and if all proves are verified then followed by transaction will be held. After that the pass will automatically generating and send it through mail. You can even repository using credit card or wire transfer methods. This system can be used in bus transport undertaking services. Using the system in government and private sectors can exclude the use of human efforts and saves lot of money and time. This system also used to finding the route for Different places. The route information updates admin control so user trusts the valid paths. User locations are tracking using GPS tracker.</span>

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Gao, Pan, Xi Chan Zhu, Zhi Xiong Ma, and Shun Liang Zhu. "Research of Driving Cycle for Electric Bus of Expo Guozhan Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.163.

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Based on huge data got during the EXPO period, this paper researched the running character of the buses run on EXPO Guozhan line and constructed the driving cycle. According to statistical principle, defined thirty six characteristics and chosen twenty three characteristics of them as index characteristics. In this paper we constructed the driving cycle by ways of the difference at index characteristics. When the difference between the totality and the temporary cycle is within 10%, the temporary cycle could be received as the driving cycle of the totality. The research gave the driving cycle of the bus line running in China. In the following research and development of the electric bus, Researchers could use this driving cycle to helping develop, test and verify the electric bus.

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Ibrahim, Luay G., and Rashid H. AL-Rubayi. "Optimal Placement of FACTs Devices in Iraqi National Super Grid System (INSGS) Using HLSI." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 6, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v6i1.2230.

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Many of the power cuts in the electricity system in the last decade indicate that there is much work to be done to address the voltage instability and subsequent collapse. This study presents a method to find and select the optimum location of FACTs device using the hybrid line stability index (HLSI) that is appropriate for the prediction voltage collapse in power system networks. Such the HLSI was obtained by deriving expressions basics equivalent Line Stability Index (Lmn), and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) and mix theirs through a switch logic based on the voltage angle difference Where indicate the nearness voltage collapse. The HLSI has tested in Iraqi National Super Grid System (INSGS) it gives the same results as the other indicators (Lmn & FVSI). For the base state, INSGS was found to be stable with all the three indicators have approximately equal values least than 1 for all lines. The contingency state detects that ranks of bus 24 the weakest bus in the system with the lower maximum allowable reactive load of (490.371 Mvar) and the line critical concerning bus 24, the line connecting bus 20 to bus 24. The values the three indicators, Lmn, FVSI, and HSLI, approximately equal, increasing the accuracy of HLSI.

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Zhang, Song, Guoqing Li, Shuguang Li, and Xintong Liu. "A Method of Demarcating Critical Failure Impedance Boundary of Multi-Infeed HVDC Systems Based on Minimum Extinction Angle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923737.

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A method of rapidly demarcating the critical commutation failure (CF) region of a multi-infeed high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) system is proposed. Based on the nodal impedance matrix and nodal voltage interaction factor, for different AC fault conditions—both balanced and unbalanced—a method of calculating the extinction angles of converters in multi-infeed HVDC systems is deduced in detail. First, the extinction angles of convertor stations under single-phase, double-phase, and three-phase ground faults and line-to-line faults occurring at any bus in an AC system are calculated. The minimum extinction angle serves as a CF criterion. If the calculated extinction angle for a certain bus is smaller than the minimum extinction angle, then a fault at that bus will cause CF of the HVDC system and put that bus into a failed bus set. The critical failure impedance boundaries of the topology diagram can therefore be demarcated by examining every bus in the AC system. The validity and accuracy of the proposed index and the method were verified by calculation results based on the three-infeed HVDC system model of the IEEE 39-bus system. Finally, the critical failure impedance boundary was demarcated in the IEEE 118-bus system to demonstrate the application in a wider range of systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ligne de bus'

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