Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lignes de transport électriques'
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Baeza, Anthony. "Le transport électrique en Europe." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090032.
Full textSince 1996, Europe has engaged into a process of deregulation of the electric markets. The traditional structure of industry has changed. Transmission is separated from the activities of production, distribution and sale. This change is a search for a better efficiency of the electric markets. The European countries hope to transfer a part of the electric rent to the consumers. As a core of the electric system, electric transport can facilitate or stop this transfer. Then, the question of the optimal organisation of the transmission business appears. Considering the fifteen European countries, Norway and Switzerland, our research establishes an organisational model of the transmission operator which favours, at short-term, the consumers. Three dimensions are taken into account: the structure of the transmission operator, the grid management and the competitive environment. Using the accounts of surplus and econometrics methods, we find explicative variables upon which we propose actions to improve the rent transfer
A partir de 1996, Europa emprende un proceso de apertura de los mercados eléctricos a la competencia. Se rechaza la estructura tradicional de la industria. Desde entonces, el transporte queda separado de las actividades de producción, distribución y venta. Este cambio está motivado por la búsqueda de una mejor eficiencia de los mercados eléctricos. Los países europeos suelen transferir una mayor parte de la renta eléctrica a los consumidores. Como elemento central del sistema, el transporte facilita o impide esta transferencia. A la luz de los datos proporcionados por los "transportistas" de Europa (los quince países miembros más Noruega y Suecia), esta tesis determina qué modelo organizativo del transporte favorece, a corto plazo, al consumidor. Hemos considerado tres dimensiones que influyen sobre la dinámica del sector: la estructura del transporte, la gestión de las líneas y el marco competitivo. Las técnicas de las cuentas de excedente y la econometría nos permitieron distinguir las variables explicativas. Tomando en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, proponemos varías opciones posibles para mejorar la transferencia de la renta
Nakouri, Hejer. "Fluage des conducteurs de lignes de transport d’énergie électrique à partir du fluage des fils d’aluminium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6699.
Full textRifi, Mounir. "Etude théorique de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques sur les lignes de transport d'énergie aériennes pour une application à un système de transmission de données." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10117.
Full textLegrand, Xavier. "Modélisation des systèmes de mise à la terre des lignes électriques soumis à des transitoires de foudre." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/xlegrand.pdf.
Full textThe PhD Thesis deals with the modelling of grounding systems of transmission lines with particular reference to the transient phenomena occurring when the conductors of these lines are struck by a lightning stroke. The first part presents the description of the role of grounding systems in transmission lines ; then it contains a brief summary of lightning phenomenology and of the main phenomena involved in the problem of interest. This part of the thesis serves as a base for the next developments as it is devoted to the analysis of the parameters that have the most important influence on the lightning response of the grounding system, withe particular concern on the mechanicsm of the diffusion of the current into the ground. The second part covers the response in the frequency domain of grounding system. The main models proposed in the literature are briefly analysed and one of them, the so-called electromagnetic model, is chosen as reference for the following developments. The choise is justified by thorough theoretical analysis and by comparison with experimental results obtained at the candidate's laboratory. Such a model is then employed in order to find some general criteria aimed at optimizing the structure of the grounding systems of interest. The third part of the thesis is devoted to the development of an innovative procedure ; aim of this procedure is to include the earlier mentioned reference model of grounding systems into transient analysis programs based on circuit and line theory, such as the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). The aim is to provide a "time-model" of grounding systems, to be used for transients studies. The developed approach allows the representation by means of state equations implemented in the revised version of the EMTP RV of a complex grounding system, having an arbitary number of electrical connections with the transmission system. Such a result is of particular importance for advanced insulation coordination studies and, more in general, for EMC problems involving grounding systems. The developed tool allows also, fourth part of the thesis, for analysis on the propagation of transient phenomena by ground electrodes, with the final aim of evaluating lightning deleterious effects on burien cables and on humans, with reference for this case to step and contact voltages. Cable modelling and risk evaluation for humans with reference to the problem of interest are two points dealt with too in this part of the dissertation. Finally, a part is devoted to the development of an effective numeric method to compute the so-called Pollaczek integral, used in the literature to compute the mutual impedance between an overhead and another overhead/underground conductor of the earth-return impedance of an underground cable, although they give origin to numerical complexities that often lead to use of simpligied models
Picard, Benoit 1969. "Un système expert pour la conception structurale préliminaire des lignes de transport d'énergie électrique /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20514.
Full textPicard, Benoit. "Un système expert pour la conception structurale préliminaire des lignes de transport d'énergie électrique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ44034.pdf.
Full textGagné, Vincent. "Utilisation de profilés en matériaux composites dans les lignes aériennes de transport d'énergie électrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1623.
Full textLalonde, Sébastien. "Stratégie de modélisation 3D des solides toronnés appliquée à l'étude de la fatigue des conducteurs de lignes de transport d'énergie électrique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10497.
Full textAbstract : The aging of overhead transmission lines is a major concern for utilities. In particular, problems arise in assessing the integrity of conductors whose exposure to Aeolian vibrations renders them vulnerable to fatigue damage. Occurring mainly at the suspension clamps, conductor fatigue is still difficult to quantify, especially regarding the prediction of their residual life. With the increasing need to optimize the power grid while maintaining its reliability, accurate evaluations of the conductor damage state become crucial. To this matter, a characterization of the stress levels at the wire scale is first required. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to develop a strategy for the modeling and analysis of conductors subjected to wind induced vibrations, allowing an accurate description of the local load conditions, while accounting for the effects of the suspension clamps. A finite element wire strand modeling strategy is first developed based on a 3D beam element discretization, considering all frictional wire interactions. The modeling approach efficiently reproduces the wire strand kinematics while giving access to the local loads. Its general formulation also allows it to be applied to any problem involving strands. Applied to the study of conductors subjected to Aeolian vibrations, the strategy leads to an accurate description of their behavior at both the global strand deformations and the wire stress description. Realistic conductor residual life estimates are even possible with the use of common damage criteria. The suspension clamps are then incorporated into the modeling strategy using a surface representation of the conductor/clamp contact. Comparisons with experimental measurements highlight the precision of the approach. The model response analysis allows now the identification of the critical damage zones within each conductor layers and reveals new information about the nature of the wire stresses at the suspension clamp. Finally, exploratory works propose a new concept of multi-scale analysis combining the numerical conductor/clamp modeling strategy to experimental fatigue tests on individual wires. A preliminary implementation of the approach validates the concept and lays the foundations for its future application. In summary, the modeling strategy developed in this thesis constitutes a powerful analytical tool which now opens the way to an appropriate characterization of conductor fatigue with the ultimate objective to eventually predict their residual life.
Borner, Leyli. "Apports méthodologiques à l'étude des interactions des oiseaux avec le réseau de transport d'électricité en France." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0027/document.
Full textNowadays, most human activities, be they industrial or domestic, involve the use of electricity. Electricity production choices have required the development of electricity transmission networks. The density of this network has fragmented the habitats of flying animals, birds mainly. Further to the electrocution at power poles, this fragmentation can also cause the death of birds colliding with power lines (Bevanger, 1998; Jenkins et al., 2010) and also the disturbance of species or changes in their behaviour (Deng and Frederick, 2001; Prinsen et al., 2011; Shimada, 2001). Many factors have been identified that influence collision (Janss, 2000; Martin and Shaw, 2010). However, bird mortality by collision is difficult to quantify because of the heterogeneity of methods used and also of the existence of quantification biases (Bech et al., 2012; Ponce et al., 2010). This work is centered on a methodological analysis of the interactions between birds and the High-Voltage(HV) and the Very-High-Voltage (VHV) power grid in Metropolitan France. The First Part discusses the localisation and proposes a hierarchy of the risk areas for birds all along the power network. To this purpose we combine data on the configuration of the power network with data on the presence (breeding atlas), and the movements (migration corridors) of bird species that are vulnerable to power lines. In the Second Part, we developed methods for the quantification, at the national level, of bird mortality that result from the collision with HV and VHV power lines. The methodology proposed builds on the estimation achieved during this thesis of the quantification biases through bird carcass detection by observers and the persistence of these carcasses below power lines. The third and last part of this thesis is about bird behaviour change as a response to airspace fragmentation. We characterised the behaviour of birds when they come close to power lines, by adapting a methodology that analyses bird movements. This methodology was recently proposed for the study of bird avoidance at different spatial scales. The aim of our analysis was to identify flight behavior that potentially results in a collision with power lines. Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) data collected with three dimensional telemetry (3D GPS data) were used in this behavioural study. This research corpus brings forward a methodological framework for the study of the interaction between birds and power lines and highlights the magnitude of quantification biases associated to the search for bird remains below power lines. For the first time a hierarchy of interactions risks between birds and power lines is established across the entire electricity transmission network in France. Factors that influence Griffon vultures spatial use in the vicinity of power lines in the French Causses were identified
Joalland, Olivier. "Les mesures d’accompagnement comme facteurs d’insertion territoriale des infrastructures de transport d’électricité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0012/document.
Full textThe aim is to explore different mechanisms (compensations, incentives) to respond to local demands for the implementation of electricity transmission infrastructures. The thesis is structured around three research axes: 1-Economic valuation of the impacts of power lines on property values 2-How to share compensation between municipalities 3-Local demand for compensatory mechanisms
Jendoubi, Abir. "Étude de l'influence des impédances de fondation sur le comportement dynamique des lignes de transport d'énergie électrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1387.
Full textMezni, Fadi. "Étude de l'influence de la température sur le fluage des conducteurs aériens de lignes de transport d'énergie électrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11903.
Full textParent, Louis-Philippe. "Réduction de la distance interphase des conducteurs d'une ligne de transport d'énergie électrique causée par du vent turbulent." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6740.
Full textNaouali, Oussama Lamine. "Étendue des ruines en cascade des structures des lignes de transport d'énergie en fonction des charges de conception." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5857.
Full textLallbeeharry, Navish. "Réseaux d'énergie embarqués dans les systèmes de transport : communication et diagnostic passif par Courant Porteur en Ligne (CPL)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I070/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis focuses firstly on the reliability of PLC technology and secondly on the diagnosis of wired networks using PLC in the aeronautical sector. First of all, we studied the OFDM synchronization in a PLC communication chain for data transmission on avionic systems. The objective of the study is to make the PLC link more reliable by respecting the latency constraints set in the aeronautical domain. We introduced sampling frequency errors in order to analyze the effects of sampling frequency desynchronization on the bit error rate. We then proposed an optimized algorithm for error estimation. The second contribution of the thesis is devoted to the monitoring of embedded wired networks and the objective being to use PLC communication as a mean of detecting a fault. We focused our study on the detection of a fault following an electric arc, modeled by a parallel resistance, or a connection fault, modeled by a series resistance on a wire of the two-wired cable. In order to have the channel characteristics with and without faults, a test bench of a multi-branch harness has been designed with different resistive fault samples. We proposed several correlation-based fault detection coefficients, Euclidean distance, and a blind algorithm based on received symbols. In order to avoid false alarms or no detection, detection thresholds were discussed. The different detection coefficients and the thresholds were compared and tested in the presence of white noise in terms of the transmitted power and the detection rate
Boubaker, Ahmed. "Influence de la capacité d'un mécanisme ductile à la console sur la réponse de pylônes de lignes aériennes lors d'un bris de conducteur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5955.
Full textMoutaoukil, Mohammed el. "Modélisation des interactions énergétiques dans une paroi multicouche en régime variable : analogie électrique." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10068.
Full textVo, Van Huy Hoang. "Optimisation des techniques de mise à la terre des écrans des cables haute et très haute tension." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0169.
Full textUnderground links with insulated cables will be introduced in close future in the overhead grid for VHV electricity transmission. Various technological developments of the cables, their connecting equipments and their installation conditions were initiated in order to reduce the cost of these links. The optimization of the sheath grouding techniques also fits in this step. The thesis gives the theoretical bases for the definition of specifications to realize specially bonded underground links techniques (single point bonding and cross bonding) and proposes practical ru les for the design of cables sheath grounding. The studies having made it possible to obtain this result relate to the determination of overvoltages affecting the equipements. In the first part, a general method of calculation of stresses is established, on the one hand, in steady state and on the other hand during faults, consecutive either with an external fault or with a cable breakdown. In the second part, the stresses during transients, calculated using the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) are analyzed. The synthesis of these two kinds of studies leads to optimize the choice of the type of surge arresters to be implemented to protect the equipements with respect to the transients undergone by the cable sheaths " it also makes if possible to determine the maximum possible lengths for single point bonding underground links or the maximum lengths between cross-bondings, according to the stresses at power frequency
Nizigiyimana, Richard. "Diagnostic de réseaux électriques et communication par CPL." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4040/document.
Full textPower line communications (PLC) technologies allow deploying low cost home data network using power cables as transmission lines. They offer nowadays data rate sometimes upper than those of Wifi standard. However, PLC performances strongly depend on the electric and electromagnetic environment of the domestic power grid. The announced data rates are then rarely achieved. The aim of this work is to develop a tool computing the expected PLC performances of a given network. Frequent PLC models are compared and the multipath model has been chosen after than analysis. The developed simulator can compute the transmission parameters (transfer function, channel capacity, coherence bandwidth) between two points of the grid. The influence of the grid topology and the cable type is investigated. When the grid topology is unknown, an algorithm to compute it has been initiated from the pulse propagation times between power outlets
Boudaoud, Farah. "Manoeuvre contrôlée sur lignes de transport à vide haute tension." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112051.
Full textA sudden change of an electrical network configuration during circuit breaker switching operations may generate very high transients overvoltages. These may affect the whole network and cause important damages onto the connected equipments. The physical involved phenomena are related to the wave propagation at the electrical marking of the breaker contacts. An efficient technique to reduce these overvoltages is to synchronize the switching operations at minimums or zeros voltages across the circuit breaker contacts. The hardness of this task depend upon the network configuration and its exploitation mode. In a first stage, a simplified model is adopted to analyze the physical phenomena related to the switching applications. To assess the feasibility of this technique many simulations have been performed with a more complex model (using EMTP/ATP simulator). The determination of the most critical switching cases allows us to define each controlled closing components requirements (circuit breaker, controller, sensors). In part II, three approaches have been proposed for line voltages frequency estimation that is required for optimums reclosing instants prediction: a parametric approach based upon Prony's model which is well adapted for the damped sinusoidal waveforms of the analysed voltages, a non-parametric approach based upon the Wavelets transform that is less sensitive to noise, an adaptive approach based upon Kalman filtering for both signal and frequency estimation. Part III, is finally dedicated to the development of the controlled switching global algorithm. Validation tests have been conducted using simulated signals for different configurations and switching conditions. The obtained results are assessed in terms of frequency's estimation accuracy and over-voltages level along the line
Bausseron, Thomas. "Etude de l’échauffement de la caténaire lors du captage à l’arrêt : Développement d’un outil informatique." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2062/document.
Full textIn the railroad and trains domain, many incidents show the main problem of overheating of the catenary at the contact with the pantograph when the train was stopped whereas all the electrical systems of the train should nevertheless be fed. Analysis of these incidents has shown that the overheating of the interface catenary-pantograph during the ream conditioning was sometimes at the origin of the break of the contact wire. In order to forecast such very expensive problems for the company, the French National Railway Company (SNCF) and the research institute FEMTO-ST carried out theoretical and experimental studies to better understand this phenomenon. First a quasi 3D transient electrothermal modeling tool has been developed for the contact wire. It has also permitted to estimate the distribution of current in the wire in order to obtain the internal heat power generation. An electrothermal modelisation of the strip complete the system. Finally the heat transfer equation in the wire with particular boundary conditions has been solved in all the finite differences network thanks to the Euler's implicit method
Djaziri, Leila. "Diagnostic de défauts d'isolement dans des lignes de transmission électriques : application aux cables de signalisation SNCF." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112134/document.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on the detection of insulation faults in very long transmission lines. This is detecting soft defects related to the insulation between the conductors of a long cable which are represented by the leakage conductance parameter. Detect these faults, signs of a possible future short-circuit, is an important issue but requires a noninvasive method. For example, in the case of railway signaling cables, it is to develop a method of diagnosis of very low leakage conductances in signaling cables along railways compatible with the movement of trains. Be aware estimate from measurements in one point of the cable, strong resistance distributed over several hundred meters without disturbing the continuous frequency range to 40 kHz, reserved for service signals. Indeed, the signal cables from the train that interest us have an average length 1500 m and are used in the frequency band 0-40 kHz.We propose so a frequency method for estimating low defects to medium frequency in uniform transmission lines with losses. It is based on two main ideas : a detailed analysis of joint effects of dissipation and dispersion and a method of comparing two lines having the same characteristics and differing only leak conductance parameter. This method of comparison was widespread in the case of multiconductor lines by adopting a statistical approach.This thesis has brought new results : losses estimation formulas resulting from the detailed analysis of a share of joint effects of dissipation and dispersion and also the method of comparing two lines. Numerical simulations were made in both cases to validate the proposed frequency method. Experiments were performed to validate the statistical analysis in the case of multiconductor lines
Egron, Thomas. "Modification d'un pylône de ligne aérienne de transport d'énergie pour le rehaussement des conducteurs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5846.
Full textCornieles, Ernesto. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un résonateur ultrasonore composé : développement d'un logiciel basé sur l'analogie des lignes électriques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1992. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5233/1/000601770.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Quang-Huy. "Réponse des lignes de transport au vent turbulent par la méthode spectrale stochastique." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Find full textNguyen, Quang-Huy. "Réponse des lignes de transport au vent turbulent par la méthode spectrale stochastique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1359.
Full textDupuy, Franck. "Modélisation des distributions des lignes de courant et du champ de concentration dans les réacteurs électrochimiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT034G.
Full textSebban, Annie-Claude. "La complémentarité entre vélo et transport public." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32060.
Full textIn a context of periurbanization, car dominance and Urban Transport Plans (PDU), several French cities have seen recently ‘forgotten' modes of transport coming back in urban areas like bicycle, walking, inline skating and even light scooter. Alternative to car use, these ‘smooth modes of transport' are use in different situations : utilitarian journeys, sport, leisure and tourism. Among them, bicycle is the most used (21 millions of bicycles in France). Another aspect of these modes powered by human energy is that they are developing in complementarity with public transport vehicles. This cooperation has several forms : cohabitation (share use) between bus and bicycle on bus lane or cohabitation between tramway and bicycle parallel to the tram's tracks, intermodality between bike and train or bike and subway, bicycle transport inside of a coach, bus or tramway, or cyclist's attraction to public transport station and bicycle parking. Here are the most common forms of complementarity between bicycle and public transport that we have explored. During our research, we have used methods from humanities, economy and mathematic : City Planning, Geography, History, Sociology, Psychosociology, Transport, Environment, Probabilities and Statistic. To expose our ideas, we chose a plan divided in three phases. Firstly, we have defined the main notions about our research object : actors of the bicycle field, motivations of bicycle use and forms of complementarity between bicycle and public transport. In a second stage, we focused on cohabitation's forms. Endly, in a third period, we have described and analyzed forms of intermodality between bicycle and public transport. Gradually, our field explorations led us to the following problematic : notions of time and space are an indispensable approach to define and explain complementarity between bicycle and public transport's practices, and to investigate their disparities all around the French territory. Because of this approach, our research have been deeply concerned by references about places and territories
Bérubé, Louis-Philippe. "Effets de l'ajout d'un mécanisme ductile à la console sur la réponse d'un pylône aux bris de conducteurs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5504.
Full textFayet, Pierre. "Modélisation des réseaux électriques ferroviaires alimentés en courant alternatif." Phd thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479836/en/.
Full textLaroubine, Jacques. "Conception assistée par ordinateur d'un système de protection de lignes d'alimentation basse tension contre la foudre et l' IEM. N-HA." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112101.
Full textThe lightning creates an electromagnetic field which produces a slow duration and high energy pulse of current on low voltage power distribution networks. On the other hand an high altitude nuclear burst generates an electromagnetic pulse which causes fast and intense interferences. We describe here the specifications of a passive filter that can reject these interferences. We used a computer aided method of simulation to create a prototype. Experimental results confirm the validity of the model used for simulation
Belhocine, Mohamed. "Modélisation et analyse structurelle du fonctionnement dynamique des systèmes électriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN047/document.
Full textThis thesis was motivated by the need to better understand the connection between the models used in simulation of the power systems dynamics and the phenomena which have to be analyzed or reproduced by the simulation. Indeed, to study and to simulate the behavior of the interconnected power systems, the sophisticated models such as the one of the transmission lines are generally replaced by simple ones. Usually, a dynamic structure of the whole system is not taken into account in a simplification step. As a consequence, experimental validations are generally needed to assess the result of the approximation. For this reason, a structural framework and a systemic viewpoint are proposed to make the solutions more general and more appropriate to the approximation of power systems. First, this allows explaining the link between the distributed parameters model of the transmission lines and the finite dimensional one called π model based on the model reduction. Next, a novel mixed approximation methodology for large-scale dynamic models is proposed which allows one to better rate the dynamics of the system in different situations, and to take into account several practical needs. This methodology is based on a mixture between the modal truncation and the energy of the impulse response so that the dynamical and the physical structures of the system remain unchanged. Moreover, in the context of the automatic control theory, the issue related to a number and a choice of input variables for distributed parameters systems is discussed. To address this issue, an algebraic approach is applied. Here, the main contribution is the detailed study conducted on the basis of the state of the art by which a new way is proposed. Because the issue is not fully solved, more investigations have to be focused on the so called boundary control variables. For practical applications, all the results presented in this study can be exploited to further improve numerical simulations and behavioral studies of large-scale power systems
Zhang, Zhiqin. "Étude du foudroiement des ouvrages à haute tension." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT024H.
Full textDiquélou, Laurent. "Propagation des signaux sur les lignes d'énergie électrique : étude des risques de compromission par rayonnement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10052.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study the possibility for power lines to emit compromising electromagnetic radiations. We focused on two cases. The first one was inside buildings, on PLC “Power Line Communication”. The second one was outside, on an industrial site, and about propagation and radiation of the characteristic signals produced by an industrial material.In the first case, we describe, measuring and modeling, the mechanisms involved in radiation cable Low Voltage (LV). There are two channels of propagation. The first is "wired" and the usual channel of a PLC link between two modems. The second channel is "wireless", which corresponds to the reception, across a magnetic antenna, of a differential injection of 2 lines of the cable. Both types of propagation channels are characterized experimentally, which enable us to deduced, using software, the decoding possibility of the information carried out by the compromising emanations.In the second case, considering "High Voltage" (HV) lines, we studies the successive transfer functions of the current associated with the spread on LV lines, crossing the transformer LV / HV, and then spreading on HV lines. Modelings were performed using commercial software EMTP. The results were compared with experimental measurements obtained during our study. HV lines radiations are discussed both from a theoretical and an experimental perspective
Soulier, Fabien. "Modélisation de systèmes à paramètres répartis par développements d'impédances dans l'espace de Laplace : application aux protections numériques et à la localisation de défauts sur les lignes triphasées." Poitiers, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01784852.
Full textMany researches have been made on the modeling of transmission lines. Nowadays, it takes place in the realm of distributed parameter systems. Nevertheless, while the analytical solutions get more sophisticated, approximate models need to be developed for applications such as the protection of high voltage lines. Thus we study rational approximations of functions thanks to the ittag-Leffler's theorem and to the continued fraction expansions. These methods allow the generalization of the Foster and Cauer's syntheses to infinite order impedances. Some examples are given as applications in different physical domains. Eventually, we put in evidence how this approach can be extended to matrix functions, that gives a method to model polyphase lines with few constraints. This result allows to propose a fault identification algorithm on an electrical power transmission line
Hoxha, Neriton. "Ultra-fast line protection relay algorithm based on a Gamma model of line." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313348/6/contratNH.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
CARIOU, PIERRE. "Les alliances strategiques dans le transport maritime de lignes regulieres : efficacite ou pouvoir de marche ?" Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4021.
Full textDarcherif, Abdelmoumèn. "Contribution à la modélisation des phénomènes d'interférences électromagnétiques dans les réseaux électriques." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0113.
Full textVandecasteele, Niels. "Désordre et transport électronique dans le graphène et les nanotubes de carbone." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066673.
Full textMasillamani, Appan Merari. "Propriétés électriques des nanostructures π-conjugués." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836614.
Full textPoudroux, Cécile. "Étude de l'incidence des paramètres primaires des lignes couplées sur la précision de prédiction de l'amplitude des parasites induits sur des torons multifilaires." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10098.
Full textBailly, Etienne. "Etude de la régulation des lignes de métro automatisées : approche par la logique floue." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-164.pdf.
Full textChaque rame sera commandée en respectant deux critères : le respect des horaires théoriques de référence et le respect des intervalles entre les rames. Le niveau supérieur prend en compte les perturbations survenant sur la ligne. En estimant la durée de chaque perturbation, nous calculons deux indices : un indice de risque et un indice de non risque qui interdit ou autorise le départ d'une rame a chaque station, pour éviter qu'elle ne se trouve arrêtée en tunnel suite au déclenchement de la fonction sécuritaire. Ce calcul utilise les nombres flous permettant de prendre en compte l'incertitude et l'imprécision des paramètres. Grâce a une simulation de ligne de métro réalisée en langage oriente objet, le chapitre IV montre que notre modèle de régulation donne de meilleurs résultats que celle du VAL de Lille. Nous proposons une méthode pour estimer la durée des perturbations survenant sur la ligne. Ces estimations utilisent les données statistiques d'exploitation de la ligne. Nous utilisons deux approches : la théorie des probabilités et la théorie des possibilités
Binczak, Stéphane. "Etude d'un système expérimental de diffusion non linéaire : application au traitement du signal." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS003.
Full textCarbonell, Olivares Jorge. "Electromagnetic analysis of active and passive devices for space applications." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-69.pdf.
Full textEn combinant differentes approches, telles que des techniques de mesure sous pointes, des simulations en equilibrage harmonique et une analyse electromagnetique, nous avons pu analyser un composant integre dans une cellule de multiplication. Par rapport aux composants micro-usines, nous nous sommes interesses, d'une part, a des lignes coplanaires sur membrane, et d'autre part a des microinterrupteurs. Un comportement faibles pertes sans dispersion a ete demontre dans le premier cas jusqu'a 100 ghz, alors que l'on a determine des frequences d'utilisation maximales dans le deuxieme cas. Finalement, notre effort s'est oriente vers l'analyse de structures metalliques periodiques artificielles presentant des bandes interdites electromagnetiques. Ces materiaux a bande interdite photonique sont potentiellement interessants pour des applications millimetriques telles que filtres, elements rayonnants ou de guidage
Longchamps, Jean. "Pré-dimensionnement du dispositif de stockage énergétique d'un autobus de transport urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27831/27831.pdf.
Full textUrban transit buses have furrowed our roads for a long time now. Both reliable and economical, these vehicles have become one of the most popular mean of transportation to commute passengers throughout entire cities. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing emissions of pollutants caused by the burning of gasoline of these buses, have urged the government authorities to take due reforms in the transport sector so that more and more alternatives are proposed. In this context, the electric buses have recently been identified as viable and promising alternative for reducing emissions of pollutants in cities. Since the technology behind the electrification of urban buses is still young, there is a growing interest on how we should scale its main components such as its engine and its power source. The work presented in this paper contributes in the development of a tool that allows a user to have an idea on the size of the energy source and the electric motor of the bus. The tool allows among others to determine the dimensional parameters of the bus that reflect the choice of vehicle dynamic performance. In deriving the mathematical equations that govern the behavior of the bus, one can develop simulation tool software. By configuring the tool according to the needs of a dimensional study, we come to offer bus designs that meet different situations of use. After analyzing the results from more than 150 simulations, we can show that the size of the energy source depends essentially on the choice of battery type, autonomy target and driving cycle used by the bus. Other results show that the use of the source to meet the energy needs of the heating system of the bus in winter is not advisable. Indeed, in almost all cases, the amount of energy used from heating corresponds approximately to half the available energy source. Finally, we can show that the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries, for low autonomy targets, further reduces the dimensions of the source needed to meet performance criteria.
Franc, Pierre. "L'intervention sur terre des armements de lignes régulières : le cas de la rangée Nord Europe." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446074.
Full textDi, Marco Angelo. "Phénomènes électriques et thermiques dans des nanostructures supraconductrices." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY099/document.
Full textThe aim of my Ph.D. thesis is to study theoretically the thermoelectric phenomena occurring in some superconducting nanostructures which are the object of various research lines in condensed matter physics. Specifically, we focus on four different devices based on superconductors and insulating tunnel barriers where both charge and heat transport are governed by the quantum tunneling effect. We start by considering a voltage-biased Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (N-I-S) tunnel junction. No single-particle current is expected to flow in this circuit when the applied voltage is below the superconducting energy gap of S. However, in real experiments, a subgap leakage current is observed in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of this device, even at very low temperatures. We show that the absorption of photons from the high-temperature electromagnetic environment connected to the junction is a possible origin of the single-particle tunneling below the gap. We first consider a N-I-S junction directly coupled to the environment. Then we focus on a circuit where a low-temperature lossy transmission line is inserted between them. For both these circuits, we analyze analytically and numerically the subgap leakage current. We find, in particular, that it is exponentially suppressed as the length and the resistance per unit length of the line are increased. Then, we go beyond the single N-I-S junction considering a hybrid single-electron transistor (SET) constituted by a gate-controlled normal-metal island (N) connected to two voltage-biased superconducting leads (S) by means of two tunnel junctions (S-I-N-I-S). A controlled single-electron current flows between the two superconductors by properly changing in time the gate potential of N. In principle, the Andreev reflection, i.e., the tunneling of two electrons from N to S can be ideally suppressed when the charging energy of N is larger than the energy gap of S. Actually, in real experiments, this two-particle tunneling process also contributes to the total current through the SET. We show that the exchange of photons between the S-I-N-I-S device and the high-temperature electromagnetic environment where it is embedded makes the Andreev reflection energetically possible. We discuss how this effect limits the single-electron tunneling accuracy needed for metrological applications. Next, we focus on the thermodynamical features of the superconductor-based tunnel junctions. We first consider the well-known electronic cooling capabilities of the S1-I-N-I-S1 and S2-I-S1-I-S2 double-junction devices, where S2 and S1 are superconductors with different energy gaps. Then, we study the design and operation of an electronic nanorefrigerator based on a combination of these two structures, i.e., a cascade cooler. We show numerically that a normal-metal island can be cooled down to about 100 mK starting from a bath temperature of 500 mK. We discuss the practical implementation, potential performance and limitations of such a device. Finally, we consider the dynamics of a quantum phase-slip junction (QPSJ) connected to a microwave source. With respect to an ordinary Josephson junction, a QPSJ can sustain dual Shapiro steps, consisting of well-defined current plateaus at multiple integers of the microwave frequency in the I-V characteristic. Their experimental observation has been elusive up to now. We argue that thermal and quantum fluctuations can smear the I-V curve considerably. To understand these effects, we determine the I-V characteristic of a current-biased QPSJ under microwave irradiation and connected to an inductive and resistive environment. We find that the effect of these fluctuations is governed by the resistance of the environment and by the ratio of the phase-slip energy and the inductive energy. Our results are of interest for experiments aimed at the observation of dual Shapiro steps in QPSJ devices for the definition of the quantum current standard
Suc, Prat Sandrine. "Optimisation de matériaux organiques synthétiques destinés à l'élaboration d'isolateurs de ligne et d'isolateurs d'appareillage dans le cadre d'applications électriques haute tension." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22019.
Full textSimard, Louis. "Conflits d'environnement et concertation : le cas des lignes THT en France et au Québec." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0008.
Full textVissac, Virginie. "Cellules solaires photovoltaïques plastiques : caractérisations électriques et étude des phénomènes de transport." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066606.
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