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1

Lee, Jae Hoon, Tae Min Kim, In-Gyu Choi, and Joon Weon Choi. "Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in the Lignin Polymer Affect the Formation of Lignin Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071790.

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Alkaline soda lignin (AL) was sequentially fractionated into six fractions of different molecular size by means of solvent extraction and their phenolic hydroxyl groups were chemoselectively methylated to determine their effect on nanoparticle formation of lignin polymers. The effect of the lignin structure on the physical properties of nanoparticles was also clarified in this study. Nanoparticles were obtained from neat alkaline soda lignin (ALNP), solvent-extracted fractions (FALNPs, i.d. 414–1214 nm), and methylated lignins (MALNPs, i.d. 516–721 nm) via the nanoprecipitation method. Specifi
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2

Azimvand, J., Kh Didehban, and SA Mirshokraie. "Safranin-O removal from aqueous solutions using lignin nanoparticle-g-polyacrylic acid adsorbent: Synthesis, properties, and application." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 7-8 (2018): 1422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418777836.

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In this study, alkali lignin modified by ethylene glycol and lignin nanoparticles was prepared through acid precipitation technology. Lignin nanoparticle-g-polyacrylic acid adsorbent was prepared using copolymerization reactions between lignin nanoparticle and polyacrylic acid in the presence of potassium persulfate as the radical initiator. Then, lignin nanoparticle-g-polyacrylic acid adsorbent was used to remove Safranin-O from an aqueous environment. The adsorbent structures and morphologies of lignin nanoparticle and lignin nanoparticle-g-polyacrylic acid adsorbent were investigated using
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3

Lee, Jae Hoon, Shin Young Park, In-Gyu Choi, and Joon Weon Choi. "Investigation of Molecular Size Effect on the Formation of Lignin Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144910.

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In recent years, several studies focused on the synthesis of lignin-based nanoparticle in aqueous solution and its potential applications of the drug carrier were investigated. In this study, soda lignin (SL) nanoparticles (i.d. 128–560 nm) were synthesized by the nanoprecipitation process at three different concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mg/mL THF) with various molecular sizes of soda lignin (NP-F1, NP-F2, and NP-F3) obtained from sequential solvent extraction. The average molecular weights of SL, F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 were 3130, 1190, 2550, 3680, 5310, and 14,650, respectively. The average siz
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4

Wang, Yingchao, Niloofar Alipoormazandarani, Lauren Skye Puumala, et al. "Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (2022): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152612.

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In this study, a novel amphiphilic KL-AA-MMA nanoparticle was prepared through the graft copolymerization of kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), using potassium persulfate as an initiator in a water/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent medium, which was followed by the nanoprecipitation technique using dimethylformamide as a solvent and deionized water as an antisolvent. The successful graft polymerization was verified by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P-NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses; and the grafting yield of the generated KL-AA-MMA copo
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5

Mishra, Pawan Kumar, and Adam Ekielski. "The Self-Assembly of Lignin and Its Application in Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Short Review." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020243.

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Lignin serves as a significant contributor to the natural stock of non-fossilized carbon, second only to cellulose in the biosphere. In this review article, we focus on the self-assembly properties of lignin and their contribution to its effective utilization and valorization. Traditionally, investigations on self-assembly properties of lignin have aimed at understanding the lignification process of the cell wall and using it for efficient delignification for commercial purposes. In recent years (mainly the last three years), an increased number of attempts and reports of technical-lignin nano
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6

Adamcyk, Johannes, Stefan Beisl, Samaneh Amini, et al. "Production and Properties of Lignin Nanoparticles from Ethanol Organosolv Liquors—Influence of Origin and Pretreatment Conditions." Polymers 13, no. 3 (2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030384.

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Despite major efforts in recent years, lignin as an abundant biopolymer is still underutilized in material applications. The production of lignin nanoparticles with improved properties through a high specific surface area enables easier applicability and higher value applications. Current precipitation processes often show poor yields, as a portion of the lignin stays in solution. In the present work, lignin was extracted from wheat straw, spruce, and beech using ethanol organosolv pretreatment at temperatures from 160–220 °C. The resulting extracts were standardized to the lowest lignin conte
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7

Fal, Jacek, Katarzyna Bulanda, Julian Traciak, et al. "Electrical and Optical Properties of Silicon Oxide Lignin Polylactide (SiO2-L-PLA)." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061354.

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This paper presents a study on the electrical properties of new polylactide-based nanocomposites with the addition of silicon-dioxide–lignin nanoparticles and glycerine as a plasticizer. Four samples were prepared with nanoparticle mass fractions ranging between 0.01 to 0.15 (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15), and three samples were prepared without nanoparticle filler—unfilled and unprocessed polylactide, unfilled and processed polylactide, and polylactide with Fusabond and glycerine. All samples were manufactured using the melt mixing extrusion technique and injection molding. Only the unfilled an
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8

Matsakas, Leonidas, Anthi Karnaouri, Andrzej Cwirzen, Ulrika Rova, and Paul Christakopoulos. "Formation of Lignin Nanoparticles by Combining Organosolv Pretreatment of Birch Biomass and Homogenization Processes." Molecules 23, no. 7 (2018): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071822.

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Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into a biorefinery scheme requires the use of all biomass components; in this, the lignin fraction is often underutilized. Conversion of lignin to nanoparticles is an attractive solution. Here, we investigated the effect of different lignin isolation processes and a post-treatment homogenization step on particle formation. Lignin was isolated from birch chips by using two organosolv processes, traditional organosolv (OS) and hybrid organosolv-steam explosion (HOS-SE) at various ethanol contents. For post-treatment, lignin was homogenized at 500 bar using
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9

Lievonen, Miikka, Juan José Valle-Delgado, Maija-Liisa Mattinen, et al. "A simple process for lignin nanoparticle preparation." Green Chemistry 18, no. 5 (2016): 1416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01436k.

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10

Wijaya, Christian J., Suryadi Ismadji, and Setiyo Gunawan. "A Review of Lignocellulosic-Derived Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications: Lignin Nanoparticles, Xylan Nanoparticles, and Cellulose Nanocrystals." Molecules 26, no. 3 (2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030676.

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Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, lignocellulosic-derived nanoparticles are very potential materials for drug carriers in drug delivery applications. There are three main lignocellulosic-derived nanoparticles discussed in this review. First, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are an amphiphilic nanoparticle which has versatile interactions toward hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. The synthesis methods of LNPs play an important role in this amphiphilic characteristic. Second, xylan nanoparticles (XNPs) are a hemicellulose-derived nanoparticle, where additional pretreat
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11

Zhou, Yu, Yanming Han, Gaiyun Li, and Fuxiang Chu. "Effects of Lignin-Based Hollow Nanoparticle Structure on the Loading and Release Behavior of Doxorubicin." Materials 12, no. 10 (2019): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101694.

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Because of their exceptional absorption capacity, biodegradability, and nontoxicity, nanomaterials fabricated from renewable natural resources have recently become an increasingly important research area. However, the mechanism of drug encapsulation by lignin nanoparticles and the role of nanoparticle structure on the stability and loading performance still remain unknown. Herein, lignin hollow nanoparticles (LHNPs) were prepared and applied as promising vehicles for the antineoplastic antibiotic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The hydrogen bonding and π−π interactions contributed to the
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12

Stine, Jared S., Bryan J. Harper, Cathryn G. Conner, Orlin D. Velev, and Stacey L. Harper. "In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Chitosan-Coated Lignin Nanoparticles in Embryonic Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010111.

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Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth after cellulose. Since lignin breaks down in the environment naturally, lignin nanoparticles may serve as biodegradable carriers of biocidal actives with minimal environmental footprint compared to conventional antimicrobial formulations. Here, a lignin nanoparticle (LNP) coated with chitosan was engineered. Previous studies show both lignin and chitosan to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Another study showed that adding a chitosan coating can improve the adsorption of LNPs to biological samples by electrostatic adherence to oppositely c
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13

Sadeghifar, Hasan, Richard A. Venditti, Joel J. Pawlak, and Jesse Jur. "Bi-component carbohydrate and lignin nanoparticle production from bio-refinery lignin: A rapid and green method." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 6179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6179-6185.

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A rapid and green preparation of lignin nanoparticles was demonstrated starting from bio-refinery lignin containing grafted carbohydrates. The particles were prepared by recovering a fraction of the lignin, which contained 24% carbohydrate (by weight) as the insoluble fraction in 0.5 M NaOH. The carbohydrate content of this fraction was verified with a wet chemistry analytical technique, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction. This fraction was then dissolved in a NaOH/urea/water system and added dropwise to water under a high shear, which rapidly formed precipitated particles in a
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14

Liu, Zhi-Hua, Naijia Hao, Somnath Shinde, et al. "Defining lignin nanoparticle properties through tailored lignin reactivity by sequential organosolv fragmentation approach (SOFA)." Green Chemistry 21, no. 2 (2019): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03290d.

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15

Alikhani, Tahereh Tofighi, Seyed Jalal Tabatabaei, Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand, and Daryush Talei. "Silica nanoparticles and calcium on the histological characteristics and stem bending in gerbera cut flower." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 3 (2021): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2308.

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Abstract Silica nanoparticles and calcium are necessary for improving plant yield and decreasing stem bending in gerbera flower (Gerbera Jamesonii L.). In order to determine the optimal concentrations of silica nanoparticles and calcium in gerberas (Gerbera Jamesonii L.), a factorial experiment in the form of completely randomized design with two factors was conducted. The first factor was the concentration of silica nanoparticles (Nanoparticle-SiO2) at four rates (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1) and the second factor was the concentration of calcium chelate (Ca-Chelate) at four rates (0, 60, 120, a
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16

Ngamthanacom, Nutchaporn, Napat Kaewtrakulchai, Weerawut Chaiwat, Laemthong Chuenchom, Masayoshi Fuji, and Apiluck Eiad-Ua. "Influence of Acid-Treatment on Waste Lignin for Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticle." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.1.

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Waste lignin (WL) obtained from paper mills, was studied for its potential application in preparing carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with high porosity. This was done by impregnation of 0, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of phosphoric acid under various carbonization temperatures (600, 700, 800 and 900°C). The physicochemical properties of CNPs were characterized through nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nitrogen sorption revealed that the condition using 10% concentration of phosphoric acid treatment at
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17

Chen, Liheng, Si-Man Luo, Cong-Min Huo, et al. "New insight into lignin aggregation guiding efficient synthesis and functionalization of a lignin nanosphere with excellent performance." Green Chemistry 24, no. 1 (2022): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc03651c.

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18

Jha, Swarn, Siddhi Mehta, Eugene Chen, Selvasundarasekar Sam Sankar, Subrata Kundu, and Hong Liang. "Bimetallic tungstate nanoparticle-decorated-lignin electrodes for flexible supercapacitors." Materials Advances 1, no. 6 (2020): 2124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00494d.

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19

Wang, Bin, and Zhu Long. "Preparation of Aromatic Aldehydes from Lignin Oxidation with a Perovskite-Type Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.350.

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In order to study the morphology and catalytic oxidation performance of LaMnO3 nanoparticles after A or B site doping , the sol-gel methods is applied, the La1-xSrxMnO3 and LaCuxMn1-xO3(x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) nanoparticles are prepared. The diameter of particles and morphology-distribution of naniparticles with different doping amounts are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electric microscope (SEM) and related software. With the framework of the experiment, the average diameter of particles is between 16-21nm with better chemical homogeneity and have higher surface area. At the sam
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20

Chu, Yu-Ming, Hafiz Muhammad Asif Javed, Muhammad Awais, et al. "Photocatalytic Pretreatment of Commercial Lignin Using TiO2-ZnO Nanocomposite-Derived Advanced Oxidation Processes for Methane Production Synergy in Lab Scale Continuous Reactors." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010054.

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The photocatalytic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to oxidize lignin and increase biomass stability has gained attention during the last few years. Conventional pretreatment methods are limited by the fact that they are expensive, non-renewable and contaminate the anaerobic digestate later on. The present study was focused to develop a metal-derived photocatalyst that can work with visible electromagnetic spectra light and oxidize commercial lignin liquor. During this project the advanced photocatalytic oxidation of lignin was achieved by using a quartz cube tungsten T3 Halogen 100 W l
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21

Zwilling, Jacob D., Xiao Jiang, Franklin Zambrano, et al. "Understanding lignin micro- and nanoparticle nucleation and growth in aqueous suspensions by solvent fractionation." Green Chemistry 23, no. 2 (2021): 1001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc03632c.

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22

Bi, Zhihao, Zhihao Li, and Lifeng Yan. "Catalytic oxidation of lignin to dicarboxylic acid over the CuFeS2 nanoparticle catalyst." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 4 (2018): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0056.

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AbstractCuFeS2nanoparticles have been synthesized and used as catalyst for the degradation of lignin. Under mild condition of reaction at 60°C and 5 h in the presence of 2 ml hydrogen peroxide, lignin can be degraded completely and converted to dicarboxylic acids, such as oxalic acid (OA), fumaric acid, maleic acid, and succinic acid (SA), carbon oxides, and aromatic compounds. The major product is OA (up to 30% selectivity) and SA. On the basis of the chemicals detected, we proposed a logical mechanism similar to Fenton reaction. The results reveal that HO˙ and HOO−, formed from the cleavage
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23

Guo, Daliang, Jinmeng Zhang, Lizheng Sha, et al. "Preparation and characterization of lignin-TiO2 UV-shielding composite material by induced synthesis with nanofibrillated cellulose." BioResources 15, no. 4 (2020): 7374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.7374-7389.

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It is desirable to develop biodegradable ultraviolet (UV)-shielding materials from renewable resources, as the demand for sustainability is ever increasing. In this work, a novel lignin-TiO2 UV-shielding composite was synthesized successfully via a hydrothermal method induced by nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Comprehensive characterization showed that the lignin-TiO2@NFC composite induced by NFC had good nanoparticle size, shape, and thermal stability. The sunscreen performance of lignin-TiO2@NFC was investigated via mixture with unmodified hand cream. The UV-visible (vis) transmission spect
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24

Dahle, Sebastian, Lienhard Wegewitz, Wolfgang Viöl, and Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs. "Formation of silver nanoparticles on lignin and two of its precursors." Les/Wood 70, no. 1 (2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2021.v70n01a03.

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Metastable Induced Electron Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (He I and He II), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy were employed to study the interaction of silver with lignin as well as with two of its natural precursors, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. For all three of them, no chemical interaction between the adsorbed silver and the organic substrate was found before contact with air. Nevertheless, silver nanoparticles were found in all three cases after contact with air. Thus, a process of silver nanoparticle formation during the decompo
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25

Yu, Fang Dan, Yuan Ru Guo, Gui Zhen Fang, and Zhi Ming Liu. "Synthesis of Nanostructural Silica Using Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Lignin as Template." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1045.

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Cationic surfactant, quaternary ammonium salt of lignin, was synthesis from the lignin and trimethylamine though Mannich Reaction. Then quaternary ammonium salt of lignin was used as a novel template to prepare nanostructural silica from TEOS by sol-gel templating method. After removing the template at 580°C, nanostructural silica were obtained. The results of SEM and TEM show that there were two kinds of the silica after calcined. One is 3-dimetional macroporous silica, with the pore size of 100-200 nm. The other kind of silica is nanoparticle: the particle sizes range from 20 to 200nm and th
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26

E. Rohaeti, N. A. Ariyanti, K. S. Budiasih, et al. "ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL MICRO CELLULOSE OF BAGASSE BY MODIFICATION WITH SILVER NANOPARTICLES." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, Special Issue (2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1558137.

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The preparation of microcellulose from sugarcane pulp enzymatically and its modification with silver nanoparticles had been conducted in this study. The objectives of this research were to prepare and characterize microfiber cellulose, and also its application as an antimicrobial material. Micro cellulose has been prepared by enzymatic methods and then continued with ultrasonication. The characterization of microfiber cellulose has been conducted by determining wavelengths with UV-Vis, functional groups with FTIR, surface image with SEM, and crystallinity with XRD. Synthesis of AgNPs had been
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Zahra, Audrey, Seo-Kyoung Lim, Soo-Jeong Shin, and Ik-Jun Yeon. "Properties of Green Tea Waste as Cosmetics Ingredients and Rheology Enhancers." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412871.

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Green tea waste (GTW) is a naturally abundant material, and it has not been widely reused into more valuable materials. The composition of GTW was identified using NMR for carbohydrate composition, an element analyzer for protein content, acetone and hot water extraction for evaluating extractives, and Klason lignin for lignin content. GTW can be converted into nanoparticles by carboxymethylation as pretreatment of the degree of substitutions (DS) and high-pressure homogenizer for nanoparticle making. GTW was prepared using various DS 0 until DS 0.4. The results showed that GTW DS has a more t
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28

Sanyoto, Bernardi, Adid Adep Dwiatmoko, Jae-Wook Choi, et al. "Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin Using Supported Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 5 (2016): 4570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.10982.

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29

Jha, Swarn, Siddhi Mehta, Yan Chen, et al. "NiWO4 nanoparticle decorated lignin as electrodes for asymmetric flexible supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 10 (2020): 3418–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05811g.

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30

Gao, Weijue, and Pedram Fatehi. "Lignin for polymer and nanoparticle production: Current status and challenges." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 97, no. 11 (2019): 2827–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.23620.

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31

Agustin, Melissa B., Mari Lehtonen, Marianna Kemell, Panu Lahtinen, Erfan Oliaei, and Kirsi S. Mikkonen. "Lignin nanoparticle-decorated nanocellulose cryogels as adsorbents for pharmaceutical pollutants." Journal of Environmental Management 330 (March 2023): 117210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117210.

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32

Demuner, Iara Fontes, Jorge Luiz Colodette, Fernando José Borges Gomes, and Rubens Chaves de Oliveira. "Study of LCNF and CNF from pine and eucalyptus pulps." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (2020): 670–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0075.

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AbstractNanocelluloses produced from wood pulp are widely studied for various economic applications. Most studies of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) use lignin-free fibres obtained from bleached pulps; however, unbleached fibres with residual lignin may also be used to obtain lignocelluloses nanofibrils (LCNF). Research on lignocellulose nanofibrils is a recent subject in the field; thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the ultrastructure of lignocellulose nanofibrils compared to cellulose nanofibrils produced from the same raw material. Understanding of nanoparticle properties is of
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33

Yang, Mingkun, Wenwen Zhao, Seema Singh, Blake Simmons, and Gang Cheng. "On the solution structure of kraft lignin in ethylene glycol and its implication for nanoparticle preparation." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 1 (2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8na00042e.

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Zhang, Zengyao, Shun Yi, Yuejia Wei, Huiyang Bian, Ruibin Wang, and Yonggang Min. "Lignin Nanoparticle-Coated Celgard Separator for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121946.

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Tremendous efforts have been made toward the development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries as one of the most reasonable solutions to the rapidly increasing demand for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, owing to their high cost-efficiency and theoretical energy density. However, the shuttle effect caused by soluble polysulfides is generally considered to be an insurmountable challenge, which can significantly reduce the battery lifecycle and sulfur utilization. Here, we report a lignin nanoparticle-coated Celgard (LC) separator to alleviate this problem. The LC separator enabl
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Choi, Jungsu, Heejae Yang, Frank Ko, Sophia Chan, Woojin Chung, and Sung Su Kim. "Fabrication and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticle Reinforced Multifunctional Lignin Nanofiber Mat." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 10 (2016): 11046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.13287.

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36

Hamawand, Ihsan, Saman Seneweera, Pubudu Kumarasinghe, and Jochen Bundschuh. "Nanoparticle technology for separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin nanoparticles from lignocellulose biomass: A short review." Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 24 (October 2020): 100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100601.

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37

Rak, Monika J., Tomislav Friščić, and Audrey Moores. "One-step, solvent-free mechanosynthesis of silver nanoparticle-infused lignin composites for use as highly active multidrug resistant antibacterial filters." RSC Advances 6, no. 63 (2016): 58365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03711a.

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Polyacrylamide embedded silver nanoparticles were synthesized from silver salts in a solvent-free fashion by ball milling mechanochemistry, with lignin as a biodegradable reducer, and used as highly efficient antibacterial plugs.
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38

Ding, Xiaoyuan. "Antibacterial and Wound Healing Properties of AgNPs Combined with Other Natural Materials." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 11 (August 23, 2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v11i.1267.

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With the development of new technology industry, nanoparticle is more and more getting valued as one of the most promising technologies in the technological revolution in the 21st century. In recent years, nanotechnology applied in biomedicine is in the ascendant and among the most metal nanoparticles, the silver nanoparticle(AgNP) is s kind of the most common nanomaterials used in wound healing according to its antibacterial properties. For the consideration of biocompatibility and dispersion of the AgNPs, nanocomposites that AgNPs combined with other natural materials like lignin, chitosan,
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Miletić, Aleksandra, Ivan Ristić, Maria-Beatrice Coltelli, and Branka Pilić. "Modification of PLA-Based Films by Grafting or Coating." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 2 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11020030.

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Recently, the demand for the use of natural polymers in the cosmetic, biomedical, and sanitary sectors has been increasing. In order to meet specific functional properties of the products, usually, the incorporation of the active component is required. One of the main problems is enabling compatibility between hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Therefore, surface modification is necessary. Poly(lactide) (PLA) is a natural polymer that has attracted a lot ofattention in recent years. It is bio-based, can be produced from carbohydrate sources like corn, and it is biodegradable. The main goal
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40

Richter, Alexander P., Joseph S. Brown, Bhuvnesh Bharti, et al. "An environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticle based on a silver-infused lignin core." Nature Nanotechnology 10, no. 9 (2015): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.141.

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Astete, Carlos E., Judith U. De Mel, Sudipta Gupta, et al. "Lignin-Graft-Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Biopolymers for Polymeric Nanoparticle Synthesis." ACS Omega 5, no. 17 (2020): 9892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00168.

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42

Gupta, Arun Kumar, Smita Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak. "Influence of addition of vapor grown carbon fibers on mechanical, thermal and biodegradation properties of lignin nanoparticle filled bio-poly(trimethylene terephthalate) hybrid nanocomposites." RSC Advances 5, no. 69 (2015): 56028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07828h.

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Bio-poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (bio-PTT) hybrid nanocomposites constituting 1.5 wt% of lignin nanoparticles (LNP) and variable wt% of vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF) were prepared using melt extrusion followed by a microinjection molding technique.
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43

Huang, Jiawei, Shanhao Zheng, Yuanhua Li, et al. "Relationship between cellulolytic enzyme lignin structural and lignin nanoparticle-polyvinyl alcohol membrane property: Insights from monolignols and molecular dynamics simulations." Industrial Crops and Products 188 (November 2022): 115673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115673.

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44

Byrne, C. Ethan, Carlos E. Astete, Manibarathi Vaithiyanathan, et al. "Lignin-graft-PLGA drug-delivery system improves efficacy of MEK1/2 inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cell line." Nanomedicine 15, no. 10 (2020): 981–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0010.

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Aim: Few targeted therapies are available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Here, we propose a novel alkaline-lignin-conjugated-poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (L-PLGA) nanoparticle drug delivery system to improve the efficacy of targeted therapies. Materials & methods: L-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the MEK1/2 inhibitor GDC-0623 were characterized, tested in vitro on MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line and compared with loaded PLGA NPs. Results: Loaded L-PLGA NPs were less than half the size of PLGA NPs, had slower drug release and improved the efficacy of GDC-0623 when test
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Nix, Cassandra, Bryan Harper, Cathryn Conner, Alexander Richter, Orlin Velev, and Stacey Harper. "Toxicological Assessment of a Lignin Core Nanoparticle Doped with Silver as an Alternative to Conventional Silver Core Nanoparticles." Antibiotics 7, no. 2 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7020040.

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Ye, Xiaoxia, Yun Li, Huiting Lin, Yichong Chen, and Minghua Liu. "Lignin-Based Magnetic Nanoparticle Adsorbent for Diclofenac Sodium Removal: Adsorption Behavior and Mechanisms." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 29, no. 10 (2021): 3401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02127-0.

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Wu, Wei, Huizhen Liu, Haihong Wu, et al. "Selective Hydrogenolysis of Lignin Model Compounds to Aromatics over a Cobalt Nanoparticle Catalyst." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 35 (2021): 11862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03685.

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Dai, Lin, Rui Liu, Li-Qiu Hu, Zhu-Fan Zou, and Chuan-Ling Si. "Lignin Nanoparticle as a Novel Green Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Resveratrol." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 9 (2017): 8241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01903.

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Liu, Xiaohuan, Xia He, Jiantao Zhang, et al. "Cerium oxide nanoparticle functionalized lignin as a nano-biosorbent for efficient phosphate removal." RSC Advances 10, no. 3 (2020): 1249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09986g.

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Effendi, Emil Zacky, Yudhi Christian Hariady, Muhammad Daffa Salaahuddin, Chairul Irawan, and Iryanti Fatyasari Nata. "Utilization of Rice Husk Cellulose as a Magnetic Nanoparticle Biocomposite Fiber Source for the Absorption of Manganese (Mn2+) Ions in Peat Water." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, no. 6 (2019): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.6.220-226.

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Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste that contains cellulose. Rice husk fiber (RHF) can be used as a source of fiber in the manufacture of magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite used as an adsorbent and evaluate its performance on the adsorption of Mn2+ ions and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in peat water. Rice husk fiber was delignified to eliminate lignin levels. Furthermore, the biocomposite was made through the solvothermal method with and without the addition of hexanediamine. The products produce
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