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Journal articles on the topic 'Ligno-cellulosic materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Doineau, Estelle, Fleur Rol, Nathalie Gontard, and Hélène Angellier-Coussy. "Physical-Chemical and Structural Stability of Poly(3HB-co-3HV)/(ligno-)cellulosic Fibre-Based Biocomposites over Successive Dishwashing Cycles." Membranes 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020127.

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In order to lengthen the life cycle of packaging materials, it is essential to study their potential for reuse. This has been never carried out for emerging bio-based and biodegradable materials such as PHBV/(ligno-)cellulosic fibre-based biocomposite materials. This work therefore highlights the impact of successive dishwashing cycles on the physical-chemical and structural stability of such materials. Several parameters were considered to assess this stability, such as the visual aspect and colour, the microstructure, the thermal and tensile properties, and the overall migration in food liquid simulants. The effect of fibre composition, morphology, and content was investigated by selecting three types of commercial (ligno-)cellulosic fibres and two filler contents (20 and 40 wt%). A great potential for reuse of PHBV films was highlighted by their high stability after up to at least 50 dishwashing cycles. However, the addition of (ligno-)cellulosic fillers negatively impacts the stability of PHBV-based materials, especially due to the hygroscopic behaviour of (ligno-)cellulosic fillers and the heterogenous microstructure of biocomposites, with at best up to 10 possible dishwashing cycles for ultra-pure cellulose. In conclusion, reuse including dishwashing steps can be considered for neat PHBV materials, while this should be prohibited for PHBV/(ligno-)cellulosic fibre-based biocomposite materials.

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2

Suteu, Daniela, Irina Volf, and Matei Macoveanu. "LIGNO - CELLULOSIC MATERIALS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 5, no. 2 (2006): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2006.010.

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3

Stan, Loredana, Irina Volf, Corneliu S. Stan, Cristina Albu, Adina Coroaba, Laura E. Ursu, and Marcel Popa. "Intense Blue Photo Emissive Carbon Dots Prepared through Pyrolytic Processing of Ligno-Cellulosic Wastes." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010131.

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In this work, Carbon Dots with intense blue photo-luminescent emission were prepared through a pyrolytic processing of forestry ligno-cellulosic waste. The preparation path is simple and straightforward, mainly consisting of drying and fine grinding of the ligno-cellulosic waste followed by thermal exposure and dispersion in water. The prepared Carbon Dots presented characteristic excitation wavelength dependent emission peaks ranging within 438–473 nm and a remarkable 28% quantum yield achieved at 350 nm excitation wavelength. Morpho-structural investigations of the prepared Carbon Dots were performed through EDX, FT-IR, Raman, DLS, XRD, and HR-SEM while absolute PLQY, steady state, and lifetime fluorescence were used to highlight their luminescence properties. Due to the wide availability of this type of ligno-cellulosic waste, an easy processing procedure achieved photo-luminescent properties, and the prepared Carbon Dots could be an interesting approach for various applications ranging from sensors, contrast agents for biology investigations, to photonic conversion mediums in various optoelectronic devices. Additionally, their biocompatibility and waste valorization in new materials might be equally good arguments in their favor, bringing a truly “green” approach.

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4

Kersten, Sascha, and Manuel Garcia-Perez. "Recent developments in fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic materials." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2013): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.04.003.

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5

Venkata Prasad, C., K. Chowdoji Rao, G. Venkata Reddy, T. Sobha Rani, B. Yerriswamy, and M. C. S. Subha. "Characteristic Studies of Ligno-Cellulosic FabricGrewia tenax." Journal of Natural Fibers 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2010): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2010.504048.

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6

Pareek, S., S. K. Kim, S. Matsui, and Y. Shimizu. "Hydrolysis of (ligno)cellulosic materials under sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0137.

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A Biochemical methane potential (BMP) test and Serum Bottle Reactor (SBR) test were used to compare hydrolysis (mineralization) of lignocellulosic materials under sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions. Lignocellulosic carbon mineralization under sulfidogenic conditions was found to be more than 2 times higher than under methanogenic conditions. The percentages of lignocellulosic carbon mineralized under methanogenic condition were 18.0% and 10.71% while under sulfidogenic conditions 36.69% and 27.44% for office paper and newspaper, respectively. Although a poor linear relationship between the percentage of carbon mineralization and percentage lignin content was observed, but in general a decrease in mineralization of lignocellulosic carbon was observed with the increase in lignin content. A method based on selective inhibition of microorganism activity, by 3% toluene, was used to measure the initial rate of lignocellulosic material mineralization and the accumulation of mineralized products (i. e. sugars). Sugars linearly accumulated over time and the accumulation rates of glucose and xylose were calculated. The accumulation rates of glucose under methanogenic condition were 1.302, μM/g-dry wt hr and 0.004, μM/g-dry wt hr while under sulfidogenic condition they were 2.624, μM/g-dry wt hr and 2.279 μM/g-dry wt hr for offce and newspaper, respectively.

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7

Bakirtzis, D., M. A. Delichatsios, S. Liodakis, and W. Ahmed. "Fire retardancy impact of sodium bicarbonate on ligno-cellulosic materials." Thermochimica Acta 486, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2008.12.012.

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8

Sîrghie, Cecilia, Adina-Maria Bodescu, Alexandru Botar, Artur Cavaco-Paulo, and Florentina-Daniela Munteanu. "Characterization of ligno-cellulosic materials bleached with oxo-diperoxo-molybdates." Carbohydrate Polymers 98, no. 1 (October 2013): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.021.

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9

Prasad, C. Venkata, K. Chowdoji Rao, G. Venkata Reddy, Yong-Ha Kim, T. Shobha Rani, and M. C. S. Subha. "A study on ligno-cellulosic fabricHardwikia binata." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 115, no. 5 (March 5, 2010): 2806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30571.

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10

Ibrahim, N. A., A. Amr, B. M. Eid, and Z. M. El-Sayed. "Innovative multi-functional treatments of ligno-cellulosic jute fabric." Carbohydrate Polymers 82, no. 4 (November 2010): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.055.

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11

Kowaluk, Grzegorz, Bartosz Palubicki, Iwona Frackowiak, Remy Marchal, and Piotr Beer. "Influence of ligno-cellulosic particles on tribological properties of boards." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 68, no. 1 (July 28, 2009): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-009-0362-9.

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12

Zghida, Haïfa, Mohamed Hassen V. Baouab, and Robert Gauthier. "Sorption of chromium oxy-anions onto cationized ligno-cellulosic material." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 87, no. 10 (March 7, 2003): 1660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.11596.

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13

Varada Rajulu, A., A. Venu Nadhan, and R. Rama Devi. "Properties of ligno-cellulosic bilayered vegetable fabric from ridge gourd." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 3 (2006): 2338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24475.

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14

Teli, Mangesh D., Pintu Pandit, and Santanu Basak. "Coconut shell extract imparting multifunction properties to ligno-cellulosic material." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 6 (January 6, 2017): 1261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716686937.

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Flame retardant textiles are increasingly in demand. There have been a number of approaches by which textile material is made flame retardant. The plant extracts imparting such properties to lingo-cellulosic material has been studied in this work. The paper reports the application of green coconut ( Cocosnucifera Linn) shell extract which is a natural waste source onto jute fabric. The acidic coconut shell extract was applied in neutral and alkaline conditions on jute fabric in different concentrations. The emerging fabric showed good flame retardant properties which were measured by different standard flammability tests. The limiting oxygen index value found to increase by 48% after application of alkaline coconut shell extract as such and on concentrating the coconut shell extract, it was found to increase 81%. The thermo gravimetric behaviour and degradation mechanism were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere. The presence of different elements, chemical groups and the structural topography of the untreated and coconut shell extract-treated lingo-cellulosic fabric were analysed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and phytochemical analysis tests. In addition to the flame retardant property, the treated fabric showed natural colour (measured by colour strength value) and antibacterial property against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

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15

Češek, Břetislav, Miloslav Milichovský, and Jan Gojný. "Mutual Competitive Absorption of Water and Essential Oils Molecules by Porose Ligno-Cellulosic Materials." Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 05, no. 02 (2014): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2014.52009.

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16

Pinkl, Stefan, Stefan Veigel, Jérôme Colson, and Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter. "Nanopaper Properties and Adhesive Performance of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Different (Ligno-)Cellulosic Raw Materials." Polymers 9, no. 12 (July 31, 2017): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9080326.

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17

Thumm, Armin, Regis Risani, Alan Dickson, and Mathias Sorieul. "Ligno-Cellulosic Fibre Sized with Nucleating Agents Promoting Transcrystallinity in Isotactic Polypropylene Composites." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051259.

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The mechanical performance of composites made from isotactic polypropylene reinforced with natural fibres depends on the interface between fibre and matrix, as well as matrix crystallinity. Sizing the fibre surface with nucleating agents to promote transcrystallinity is a potential route to improve the mechanical properties. The sizing of thermo-mechanical pulp and regenerated cellulose (Tencel™) fibres with α- and β-nucleating agents, to improve tensile strength and impact strength respectively, was assessed in this study. Polarised microscopy, electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that transcrystallinity was achieved and that the bulk crystallinity of the matrix was affected during processing (compounding and injection moulding). However, despite substantial changes in crystal structure in the final composite, the sizing method used did not lead to significant changes regarding the overall composite mechanical performance.

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18

Basak, Santanu, and S. Wazed Ali. "Leveraging flame retardant efficacy of pomegranate rind extract, a novel biomolecule, on ligno-cellulosic materials." Polymer Degradation and Stability 144 (October 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.07.025.

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19

Berthold, J., M. Rinaudo, and L. Salmeń. "Association of water to polar groups; estimations by an adsorption model for ligno-cellulosic materials." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 112, no. 2-3 (July 1996): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(95)03419-6.

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20

Patel, Sanjay K. S., Hemant J. Purohit, and Vipin C. Kalia. "Dark fermentative hydrogen production by defined mixed microbial cultures immobilized on ligno-cellulosic waste materials." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 19 (October 2010): 10674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.025.

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21

Marzorati, Stefania, Andrea Schievano, Alessandra Colombo, Giorgio Lucchini, and Pierangela Cristiani. "Ligno-cellulosic materials as air-water separators in low-tech microbial fuel cells for nutrients recovery." Journal of Cleaner Production 170 (January 2018): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.142.

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22

Bajwa, Dilpreet S., Sushil Adhikari, Jamileh Shojaeiarani, Sreekala G. Bajwa, Pankaj Pandey, and Saravanan R. Shanmugam. "Characterization of bio-carbon and ligno-cellulosic fiber reinforced bio-composites with compatibilizer." Construction and Building Materials 204 (April 2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.068.

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23

Coupas, A. C., H. Gauthier, and R. Gauthier. "Inverse gas chromatography as a tool to characterize ligno-cellulosic fibers modified for composite applications." Polymer Composites 19, no. 3 (June 1998): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.10101.

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24

Rajini, N., JT Winowlin Jappes, I. Siva, A. Varada Rajulu, and S. Rajakarunakaran. "Fire and thermal resistance properties of chemically treated ligno-cellulosic coconut fabric–reinforced polymer eco-nanocomposites." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716637869.

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The present work was aimed to develop naturally woven coconut sheath/polyester biocomposites. In these composites, montmorillonite nanoclay (5 wt%) was used as a second filler. The heat releasing rate and other flammability properties were studied using cone calorimeter. The coconut sheath reinforcement in polyester matrix significantly decreased the heat releasing rate when compared to that of the pristine polyester. However, the time to ignite the composite material was shorter than that of the pure polyester. The morphological changes on the fiber surface by the chemical modification significantly influenced the heat-releasing rate and other flammability characteristics due to better interfacial bonding. The hybridization effect of 5 wt% of nanoclay could greatly decrease the heat release rate and the mass loss rate of the composites by char formation mechanism. The characterization techniques such as the scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphological state of the fiber surface and dispersion of clay in the polyester nanocomposites. The thermogravimetric analysis was also carried out to study the effect of the nanoclay on the thermal stability of the coconut sheath/polyester composites at higher temperatures.

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25

Kim, Kang-Jae, Ji-Ae Ryu, and Tae-Jin Eom. "Effect of Successive Processing on Properties of Ligno-Cellulosic Micro-Fines from Pinus densiflora with Microwave Irradiation." Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 52, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/jktappi.2020.04.52.2.52.

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26

Sivasubramanian, Palanisamy, Mayandi Kalimuthu, Murugesan Palaniappan, Azeez Alavudeen, Nagarajan Rajini, and Carlo Santulli. "Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Properties of Acacia Caesia Bark Fibres." Fibers 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9080049.

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As possible substitutes for non-biodegradable synthetic fibre, ligno-cellulosic fibres have attracted much interest for their eco-friendliness; a large number of them are already used for the production of green polymer composites. The search for further green candidates brings into focus other fibres not previously considered, yet part of other production systems, therefore available as by-products or refuse. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of alkali treatment with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to enhance the properties of bark-extracted Acacia Caesia Bark (ACB) fibres. The microscopic structure of the treated fibres was elucidated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the fibres were characterised in terms of chemical composition and density and subjected to single-fibre tensile tests (SFTT). Following their physico-chemical characterisation, fibre samples underwent thermal characterisation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and their crystallinity was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). This level of alkali treatment only marginally modified the structure of the fibres and offered some improvement in their tensile strength. This suggested that they compare well with other bark fibres and that their thermal profile showed some increase of degradation onset temperature with respect to untreated ACB fibres. Their crystallinity would allow their application in the form of fibres with an average length of approximately 150 mm, even in thermoplastic biocomposites.

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27

Focardi, Silvano. "Development and Maturation of Microbiota in Cow Rumen, Plant-Fibers Degradation and Influences on the Immune System and Cow Health." Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS) 3, no. 4 (December 5, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1047.

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Rumen is part of the forestomach of ruminants and plays a key role in the conversion of feed into metabolites that are absorbed and used by the host. The rumen is also the place of formation of proteins of microbial origin, which represent a source of energy for the host animal. From a functional point of view, ruminants are monogastric at birth as they have an undeveloped forestomach system. Microbial communities in the rumen first show colonization by bacteria, followed by that of methanogenic Archaea and then anaerobic fungi and protozoa. In newborn calves, molecular-based techniques evidenced initial rumen colonisation by facultative anaerobic bacteria, as the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with genera Enterococcus and Streptococcus and the species Escherichia coli, followed by Archaea within a few hours after birth. These early colonizers utilize the oxygen available in the rumen, thus creating an anaerobic environment conducive to the growth of rigorous anaerobic communities, including Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. The strict anaerobic bacterial community, including cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria, establishes and dominates the rumen microbiome within the first two weeks of life. The entire microbial community allows ruminants to use ligno-cellulosic materials and non-protein nitrogen to produce high-quality food. Importantly, these close anaerobic bacterial communities in the rumen of newborns play an essential role in the development of the mucosal immune system. A healthy rumen leads to healthy ruminants with optimal performance. It is worth highlighting the importance of the microbiome in maintaining the health of cattle and its potential in alleviating disease. This mini-review described the development of the cow microbiome in the rumen, the degradation abilities and influence of the feed on the rumen microbiota, and the microbiota effects on the cow’s immune system and health.

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28

Mills, Ryan H., Douglas J. Gardner, and Rupert Wimmer. "Inverse gas chromatography for determining the dispersive surface free energy and acid-base interactions of sheet molding compound-Part II 14 Ligno-cellulosic fiber types for possible composite reinforcement." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 110, no. 6 (December 15, 2008): 3880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.28956.

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29

RODRÍGUEZ VÁSQUEZ, María José. "Evaluation of different peatland management scenarios to reduce GHG emissions from fires. A case study in tropical peatlands in Ogan Komering Ilir, Indonesia." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 347 (April 2, 2021): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.347.a36352.

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Tropical peatlands play an important role as carbon pools. Over the last decades, deforestation and degradation of Indonesian peatlands have led to a significant amount of carbon loss. Anthropogenic fires damage the ecology, the economy, and the public health of the entire region. This PhD is based on a case study in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) district of Indonesia. In OKI, traditional practices discard unwanted biomass with open fires, and often result in peat fires. We considered different scenarios of biomass valorisation to incite changes of practices, and to reduce peatland fires. We assessed the feasibility of converting aboveground biomass into bioenergy or other ligno-cellulosic materials. We estimated a business as usual (BAU) scenario by evaluating sources of emission of the current land management. We investigated potential mitigation scenarios, including biomass valorisation and peatland restoration, as alternative land management options. We evaluated the impact of these mitigation scenarios on climate change, according to their economic limitations. The analysis of GHG emissions in the BAU scenario shows that areas affected by fire release 70 ± 30, 140 ± 31 and 160 ± 27 Tonnes CO2-eq/ha/yr for degraded peatland, oil palm plantations and pulpwood plantations, respectively. Areas not affected by fires release 19 ± 12, 85 ± 21 and 108 ± 15 Tonnes CO2-eq/ha/yr, respectively. For the restoration scenario, we found similar GHG emissions of –0.9 Tonnes CO2-eq/ha/yr for the three land uses. Encouraging the biomass market in the areas where it is profitable for farmers could help reducing fire occurrences, without government investment. We instead suggest focusing government efforts on other methods such as incentive payments, or peatland restoration strategies, in the areas where biomass market is not economically viable. For the region, we find that biomass valorisation can reduce the GHG emissions by 4% to 6% compared to the BAU. As such, biomass valorisation is a promising alternative to current practices, potentially reducing the negative impact of fires while generating a new income for the population.

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30

Prosvirnikov, Dmitry B., Nail F. Timerbaev, and Zulfiya G. Sattarova. "Strength Properties of Composite Board Materials Based on Ligno-Cellulose Fiber, Modified by Steam Explosion Treatment." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.986.

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The article presents the results of using activated lingo-cellulosic material, obtained by the method of steam explosion treatment, as the basis for the production of composite pressed boards without a binder. The influence of steam explosion treatment modes on the physical and chemical properties of the wood pulp product and the strength properties of the resulting board materials is considered.

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31

"Hydrolysis of (LIGNO)cellulosic materials under sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1223(98)00480-6.

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32

"Ligno-Cellulosic Materials for the Next-Generation of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Energy Power Sources." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2014-04/4/630.

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33

KAR, Turgay, Sedat KELEŞ, Zafer EMİR, and Kamil KAYGUSUZ. "Fast pyrolysis of fig leaves: influence of pyrolysis parameters and characterization of bio-oil." Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry, October 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1143144.

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Liquid yields achieved by fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass can be used in the production of chemical raw materials or as an energy source. Pyrolysis product yields generally depend on the type of biomass, temperature, retention time, heating rate, sweeping gas flow rate and particle size. In this study, fast pyrolysis of fig leaves selected as biomass was carried out in a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor. Fig leaves used in fast pyrolysis experiments in this study as an agricultural by-product can be obtained in large quantities from Turkey. In the experiments, the effect of temperature, entraining gas flow rate, and particle size on pyrolysis product yields were investigated. The experiments were carried out at 400, 500, 600, 700 °C, four different particle sizes. The highest liquid product yield was obtained at 600 C, while the heating rate was 200 cm3/min and the particle size was

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34

Gan, Jun Ken, Eugene Soh, Nazanin Saeidi, Alireza Javadian, Dirk E. Hebel, and Hortense Le Ferrand. "Temporal characterization of biocycles of mycelium-bound composites made from bamboo and Pleurotus ostreatus for indoor usage." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (November 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24070-3.

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AbstractMycelium-bound composites (MBCs) are materials obtained by growing fungi on a ligno-cellulosic substrate which have various applications in packaging, furniture, and construction industries. MBCs are particularly interesting as they are sustainable materials that can integrate into a circular economy model. Indeed, they can be subsequently grown, used, degraded, and re-grown. Integrating in a meaningful biocycle for our society therefore demands that MBCs fulfil antagonistic qualities which are to be at the same time durable and biodegradable. In this study, we conduct experiments using MBCs made from the fungus species Pleurotus ostreatus grown on bamboo microfibers substrate. By measuring the variations of the mechanical properties with time, we provide an experimental demonstration of a biocycle for such composites for in-door applications. We found that the biocycle can be as short as 5 months and that the use of sustainable coatings is critical to increase the durability of the composites while maintaining biodegradability. Although there are many scenarios of biocycles possible, this study shows a tangible proof-of-concept example and paves the way for optimization of the duration of each phase in the biocycle depending on the intended application and resource availability.

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35

Indrawan, Dian Anggraini, Han Roliadi, Rossi Margareth Tampubolon, Mohamad Iqbal, and Lisna Efiyanti. "PEMBUATAN HARDBOARD DARI SERAT ALTERNATIF MENGGUNAKAN LIGNIN ALAMINYA DAN TANIN FORMALDEHIDA SEBAGAI PEREKAT." JURNAL SELULOSA 5, no. 01 (May 8, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v5i01.78.

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The most numerous uses of hardboard are for sound-deadening barrier, insulation wall, furniture, part of electronic appliances, and vehicle interior.Nowadays, in Indonesia the availability of natural-forest woods (the conventional ligno-cellulosic fibrous raw material) for fiberboard manufacture becomes limited and scarce. Thus, non-wood alternative fibers should be considered as raw material for fiber board. In this study, experiment was done using alternative fibers which were Saccharum spontaneum grasses (SSG), empty oil-palm bunches (EOPB), and bamboo. The pulping and mat forming employed consecutively an open-hot soda semi-chemical process and wet-forming process. The additives for hardboard forming comprised wax emulsion and tannin formaldehyde (TF) adhesive.Alkali consumption in the pulping of alternative fibers (SSG, EOPB, and bamboo) for hardboard ranged about 88-99% (regarded as quite high, near 100%). SSG was the most prospective for hardboard, followed by consecutively EOPB and bamboo. Also, physical-strength properties of hardboard from SSG satisfied the JIS and ISO requirement the most. The prospective results of fiberboard manufacture from the alternative fiber materials will expectedly lessen the dependency on naturalforest woods thereby sustaining the natural resources, and alleviating environment concerns. The high alkali consumption and wet-forming implementation hinted that this fiberboard-manufacturing experiment is more suitable for small-medium scale endeavor (SME). Keywords: hardboard, alternative ligno-cellulosic fiber materials, prospective results, sustaining natural resources, small-to-medium scale endeavor (SME)ABSTRAKHardboard banyak digunakan antara lain untuk bahan peredam suara, dinding penyekat, mebel, bagian dari peralatan elektronik dan interior kendaraan. Di Indonesia, ketersediaan kayu hutan alam (bahan baku serat berligno-selulosa konvensional) untuk pembuatan papan serat di Indonesia semakin terbatas dan langka. Oleh karena itu bahan serat alternatif harus dipertimbangkan sebagai bahan baku papan serat. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan pembuatan papan serat (hardboard) dari bahan serat alternatif, yaitu rumput gelagah (RG), tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan bambu. Pengolahan pulp (pulping) dan pembentukan lembaran untuk papan serat menggunakan proses semi-kimia soda panas terbuka dengan pembentukan cara basah (wet process). Bahan aditif yang digunakan adalah emulsi lilin dan perekat tanin formaldehida (TF) Konsumsi alkali pada pulping adalah 88-99% (dianggap cukup tinggi, mendekati 100%). RG paling berprospek untuk hardboard diikuti oleh TKKS dan bambu, dan sifat fisik-kekuatan hardboard dari RG paling banyak memenuhi persyaratan JIS dan ISO. Hasil prospektif pemanfaatan serat alternatif untuk papan serat diharapkan bermanfaat mengurangi ketergantungan pada kayu hutan alam sehingga ikut melestarikan sumber daya alam. Tingginya konsumsi alkali dan penerapan cara basah berindikasi bahwa pengolahan papan serat ini lebih sesuai untuk usaha kecil menengah (UKM).Kata kunci: hardboard, bahan baku serat alternatif, hasil prospektif, melestarikan sumber daya alam, usaha kecil menengah (UKM)

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Riva, G., E. Foppa Pedretti, G. Toscano, D. Duca, G. Rossini, and C. Mengarelli. "Torrefaction of residues and by-products from sunflower chain." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 2s (September 8, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2013.361.

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The high heterogeneity of some residual biomasses makes rather difficult their energy use and standardisation is a key aspect for these fuel products. Torrefaction is an interesting process used to improve the quality of ligno-cellulosic biomasses and to achieve standardisation. In the present study torrefaction has been employed on residues and by-products deriving from sunflower production chain, in particular sunflower stalks and oil press cake. The thermal behaviour of materials has been studied at first by thermo-gravimetric analysis in order to identify torrefaction temperatures range. Different residence time and torrefaction temperatures have been employed in a bench top torrefaction reactor afterwards. Analyses of raw and torrefied materials have been carried out to assess the influence of the process. As a consequence of torrefaction, the carbon and ash contents increase while the volatilisation range is reduced making the material more stable and standardised. Mass yield, energy yield and energy densification reach values of about 60 %, 80 % and 1.33 for sunflower stalks and 64 %, 85 % and 1.33 for sunflower oil press cake respectively. As highlighted by results, torrefaction is more interesting for sunflower stalks than oil cake and husks because of the different starting characteristics. Untreated oil cake and husks already show a good high heating value and the eventual torrefaction should be mild. On the contrary for sunflower stalks the process is more useful and could be more severe.

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ALHIDAYATULLAH, Lisdar I. SUDIRMAN1, and Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA. "Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose." E-Journal Menara Perkebunan 82, no. 2 (March 7, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i2.17.

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Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan perlakuan JPA+T masing-masing adalah 20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih rendah daripada rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

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38

ALHIDAYATULLAH, Lisdar I. SUDIRMAN1, and Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA. "Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose." E-Journal Menara Perkebunan 82, no. 2 (March 7, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/ppbbi.jur.mp.v82i2.17.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan perlakuan JPA+T masing-masing adalah 20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih rendah daripada rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

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