Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ligue communiste'
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Rizet-Savoi, Stéphanie. "La distinction militante : transformations et invariances du militantisme à la Ligue communiste." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070027.
Full textThis thesis is about the transformations but also the constancies of the militancy in the "ligue communiste révolutionnaire" (lcr- révolutionary communist league). The thesis aims at beinc comprehensive regarding this topic; it sets forth the individual, organizational, and social aspect. Consequently, we take into account the social trajectories of lcr members, the work of the militant institution and the effects of social context on the two previous dimensions. We use a longitudinal method. "participating observation", bibliographics interviews and the collection of documents belonging to the studied organization are the bases of dur analysis. The research lays emphasis on the strong impact of the evolutions of the social and political contexts, especially the differents forms of social strife, on the militancy in the lcr. These elements have influence on the reasons why peuple join or leave the lcr, on the political practices and on the scope of the lcr activities. At the same time, the way lcr activists militate, driven by an avant-gardist vocation show many constancies. Elective and distinctive logics that make certain of a cohesion transcending the effects of the context are part of the explanation of these constancies. So as to understand the latter, we analyse the social and individual features of the lcr militants
Dubois-Campagna, Alexis. "Pour un syndicalisme de lutte de classe! les groupes marxistes-léninistes et le mouvement syndical au Québec, 1972-1983." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2620.
Full textSalles, Jean-Paul. "La Ligue communiste révolutionnaire et ses militant(e)s (1968-1981) : étude d'une organisation et d'un milieu militant : contribution à l'histoire de l'extrême gauche en France dans l'après mai 1968." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010607.
Full textJohsua, Florence. "De la LCR au NPA (1966-2009) : sociologie politique des métamorphoses de l'engagement anticapitaliste." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0003.
Full textThis doctorate thesis analyzes the evolutions that the Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR) and its members’ activism underwent from its creation in 1966 to the birth of the Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste (NPA) in 2009. This study founds a political sociology of the evolutions of activism applied to the specific case of anti-capitalist activism in France over the same years. Three fundamental aspects of those changes are analyzed, the first being the members’ social characteristics, which raises the question of the social production of revolt [Part I]. Then comes the ideological (re)production of activism [Part II], and finally the evolutions occurring in both organization and practices are analyzed by observing by what means and ways the activists and/or the organization have tried to make their lives change [Part III]. To that aim, this study is based on an interactionist approach of the LCR. 45 interviews with LCR members and leaders provide an interpretive approach, combined with a statistical perspective obtained through four quantitative surveys : an analysis of the national membership database in 2003 (N= 1800 cards, 69% of all members) and 2005 (N=1476), a 2006 national survey based on questionnaires returned by members (N=1557, 59% of all members), and another among the representatives of the XVth national congress of 2003 (N= 362, 74% of those attending). Furthermore, common activist practices were routinely observed
Petrović, Piroćanac Zoran. "Anatomie d'une auto-dégradation : la Serbie et l'ascension de Slobodan Milosevic (1982-1992)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0130.
Full textThis investigation includes a first phase of ascension of Milosevic, a period when he becomes the secretary of the Ligue of Communists of Belgrade(1982), till a period just before a civil war 10 ex-Yugoslavia(l992). Research is split in three parts and XVI chapters. First part, Yugoslav Communist Regime and the end of Yugoslavia (1944 -1991), deals with the origins of Yugoslav crisis, beginning with an analysis of the emergence of the titoist regime in the Central and Eastern Europe and in the Balkans, from 1945 to 1991, as a process of long duration. In the second part, Search for Serbian synthesis, we make radiography of the apparatus of the Ligue of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), as well as the presentation of its roots (PCY). A third part, Battlefields and a beginning of the end, analyses a phenomenon of the Serb nationalism, and attempts of restoration of Serbian State, victim of federal Yugoslavia' s asphyxia. This investigation finishes with final negotiations on Kosovo, in the international political atmosphere resulting in independence of Kosovo Albanians, their geopolitical triumph. This work of research had as a goal to answer as well to the question why Serbia always turns to circle, without alternatives and where is lost this Iiberal constancy of Serbia ? Not this class, nor this system left the scene tIll today. Who was always an obstacle to this liberal option of Serbia? Why Serbia cannot become compatible with other countries of the region ?
Nestorović, Čedomir. "La seconde session de l'AVNOJ et sa signification pour l'avenir de la Yougoslavie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0034.
Full textAVNOJ (Antifasisticko Vece Narodnog Oslobodjenja Jugoslavije) was the anti-fascist council for the national liberation of Yugoslavia, established during the Second World War. During its second meeting on November 29th, 1943, this shadow parliament that was under direct influence of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) decided that after the liberation, the new Yugoslavia would be a federation in which all the nations would be equal. This way, Yugoslavia would continue to exist after the war, but based on federal grounds. The decisions of the second AVNOJ meeting will be used as basis for the building of the socialist Yugoslavia after the war. The AVNOJ decisions are in contradiction with the communist dogma that prevailed at that time because the revolutionary legitimacy was considered as sufficiant in order to take power. A communist party did not need another source of legitimacy. The aim of this thesis is to assess why the Communist Party of Yugoslavia is looking after an alternative source of legitimacy in order to take and keep the power. The first part of the research is centred on the analysis of the intellectual background of the CPY before the Second World War, while the second part is studying the relationship between strategic and tactical decisions during the war. After the war, the official interpretation of the second AVNOJ meeting did not suffer any questioning in the country. Only in the 80's, a certain de legitimation of the AVNOJ appeared (third part). The national consensus as source of legitimacy, allowed the communists to win support from an important number of people during the war and after, but at the same time this consensus resulted in a domination of the national v/s social or political way of resolving the Yugoslav crisis of the 80's. The fourth and last part of this research is focusing on the consequences of the second AVNOJ meeting and a present day paradox. In almost all Yugoslav republics that gained independence in the 90's, the rulers want to get rid of the communist legitimacy, but at the same time they are turing to the decisions of the second AVNOJ meeting or the preparing conferences either to legitimate their independance or to draw boundaries between the republics
Ramsey, Ann Woodson. "Piety in Paris during the league 1585-1590 : an urban community in transition /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : University microfilms international, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37167290s.
Full textLungyeki-Makiadi, Simão. "L'intégration régionale en Afrique australe : de la Ligue de Front à la SADC." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010673.
Full textClais, Jean-Baptiste. "La patrimonialisation des jeux vidéo et de l'informatique. : Ethnographie en ligne et hors ligne d'une communauté de passionnés." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STETT116/document.
Full textThis work is about a community of 300 to 400 hobbyist-collectors of micro-computers and video-games from the 70’s to the 90’s which they call “vieilles machines”. They are scattered all over France, Belgium and Switzerland. This community communicates through online forums although they belong to local offline associations. These forums are mainly used to exchange objects and information among collectors. A rich and complex system of value and representations organizes the social relationships. The main points are: the love of the “vieilles machines”, the will to use them, sharing knowledge and rejection of speculation. Sharing is the very basis of the social imaginary of the community. Sharing isn’t however the rule in neighboring economic systems (eBay, garage sales other online auction websites). Yet, during the first time of the community around 1998, when these objects were only obsolescent technical rubbishes, the community members could collect for free or very few money. Thus they felt as if they have been stolen when an outside market developed and prices increased. As a reaction, they changed social norms and exchange rules inside the community in order to temper the internal increase of the prices caused by outside market’s increase. They both promoted the idea of mutually satisfactory exchange and organized a taboo on the object’s real price using the position of major online opinion leaders on their subjects. They managed to create a niche economy, a low price market in which one cannot integrate easily but in which when fully integrated, after building one’s position through a “career” one can beneficiate from an extend system of generosity and mutual aid
Stassin, Bérengère. "Médiations documentaires et médiations identitaires dans une communauté de savoir en ligne : le cas de la blogosphère infodoc." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30025.
Full textThis doctoral research deals with the new forms of information and knowledge mediation resulted by Web 2.0 technologies. It focuses on blogs and investigates their role in the emergence of informational networks in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). The study conducted for this doctoral research focused on the French LIS non-institutional blogosphere, i.e. on blogs of archivists, librarians, knowledge managers, or researchers, maintained by themselves independently from any institution. The goal of the study was to define the character of this blog network and the type of information mediation it represents. A sample of 5 555 posts published by 68 bloggers between 2010 and 2012 was analyzed. The following types of analysis were applied: social network analysis, content analysis, discourse analysis, enriched by semi-structured interviews. The results show that this blogosphere might be considered as an online knowledge community whose members share knowledge, know-how, and experience. Despite their different backgrounds, bloggers gather around a common interest in LIS. They also gather thanks to “boundary objects” and “brokers” that provide a link and an interface between them. Moreover, their knowledge sharing activities require a reification process that involves a production of documents. The results of the study reveal that bloggers produce not only a wide range of documents, but also a mosaic of documentary mediations. Through their information and communication practices, bloggers also create their digital identities, build their online presence and promote their expertise. This performs another type of mediation: “identity mediation”. Therefore, any document published in an expert’s blog is subject to both a documentary and identity mediation
Aljerbi, Asad Nahla. "Analyse des échanges en ligne dans un groupe de pratique du français sur Facebook." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL004/document.
Full textThis study focuses on French as a Foreign Language (FFL) and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). It investigates the natural exchanges of Libyan learners practicing French in a Facebook group. The situation that we are exploring is informal because the group was created by the participants themselves without any intervention neither from teachers nor from ourselves. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has already been well studied in formal contexts but very little in informal contexts, which is why we think a descriptive study aimed at gaining an understanding of particular experience is suitable. Our data is on-line exchanges corpora covering five months with 947 posts and 3408 comments, as well as 11 interviews conducted with some of the participants in the observed group. The research is based on an ecological analysis to study exchanges in a wider environment where several factors interact (linguistic, social, cultural, political factors). In order to examine what happens in this informal space dedicated to the practice of French, we first provideda broad description of learners’ discursive practices in order to get a general sense of their activities. The languages used, the functions of the language used by the messages, the way in which the messages and comments respond (or do not respond) to each other and finally the semio-linguistic characteristics of the exchanges were examined. We then explored how these practices contribute to the establishment of social ties, whether a virtual community emerges and what kind of community it is. Finally, we looked at the value that participants attach to their exchanges and experience as members of this group
Chollet, Antoine. "Apprentissage et mobilisation de compétences managériales des joueurs de jeux de rôle en ligne massivement multijoueurs (MMORPG)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD049/document.
Full textMedia relate instances where MMORPG players are being recruited to responsibility positions, thanks to their managerial skills, acquired through playing. Do MMORPG players really develop such skills though playing, and if so, under what conditions? To explore these research questions, we're basing our works on the Social Learning Theory as well as the Social Cognitive Theory, both resulting from of Albert Bandura's researches. Literature reviewing as well as an exploratory qualitative study (13 players and older MMORPG players) led us to propose a managerial skill learning structural model of the MMORPG player. Two analyses were realized.The first one, in an exploratory aim, allowing to refine measuring tools, saw 414 questionnaires being validated (on 707 collected). The second one, with a confirmatory aim, allowing to verify hypothesis, saw 2 628 questionnaires being validated (on 3 690 collected). Once we've drawn the MMORPG player's profile, we're showing that there are managerial skill learning phenomena perceived by the players that are developed then mastered in MMORPG, under specific conditions linked to the game's environment, as well as the internal state of the player. The proposed model is thus validated.Conclusions of this research offer possibilities for players as well as organizations in various domains, such as recruitment or training, by benefiting MMORPG's potential. Longitudinal studies would deserve to be done in order to explore the MMORPG's player learning evolution, and confirm our results
Gaillard, Emmanuelle. "Gérer et exploiter des connaissances produites par une communauté en ligne : application au raisonnement à partir de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0092/document.
Full textThis research work presents two approaches to improve the quality of the results returned by a case-based reasoning system (CBR) exploiting knowledge produced by an e-community. The first approach relies on a new model to manage the trustworthiness of the knowledge produced by the e community. In this model, the trustworthiness is represented through a score which is used to filter untrustworthy knowledge so that the CBR system will not use it anymore. Moreover, the trustworthiness score is also used to rank the CBR results. The second approach addresses the issue of representing the typicality between subclasses and classes in a hierarchy. The typicality is used to change the hierarchical organization used by the CBR system. Both approaches have been evaluated in the framework of eTaaable, a CBR system which adapts cooking recipes using knowledge coming from an e-community. The evaluations show that managing the trustworthiness of the knowledge produced by an e-community improves the quality of the results returned by eTaaable. The evaluations also shows that eTaaable returns also better results when using knowledge reorganized according to typicality
Takeda, Hirotoshi. "Measuring member contribution impact in an online community." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090034/document.
Full textThe online community (OC) is a popular form of specialized knowledge transfer, where geographically dispersed users can for a community by sharing ideas, send and post messages, debate topics, and forge online friendships. One of the problems with OC’s is that they tend to have a life cycle, where there is the birth and growth of the OC but then there is a stagnant stage where users stop posting to the OC and the community eventually dies due to inactivity. Trying to extend the vibrant growth stage of an OC is a relevant topic for any administrator of an OC. One way that an OC can stay vibrant is to encourage contributions.This research stream will look at how OC’s can keep their vibrancy for a longer period of time, by looking at various aspects of OC’s such as measures of user contribution and how new users in an OC behave. I propose to use different measures to evaluate users contributions to an OC. One of these measures is a non-invasive bibliometric measure using the Hirsch-index methodology as a way to identify high-level contributors. Another stream of this research will look at how new users behave and how this might be explained by preferential attachment
Gallin, Steffie. "Effets de la participation à une communauté en ligne de soutien à la perte de poids sur les comportements alimentaires : le rôle médiateur de la sensibilité à l'influence sociale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD009.
Full textResearch has shown little interest in support groups (Moisio & Beruchashvili, 2010), and especially in online health support communities and their impact on consumers’ behavior (Ma, Chen & Xiao, 2010). This doctoral research aims at studying the positive and negative effects of participating in an online dieting support community (participation level and social support) on eating behaviors (restrained eating, food variety and eating self-efficacy). A double mediation is assumed to occur: identification to community’s members and susceptibility to community influence (or susceptibility to social influence). Indeed, the effect of social influence on eating behavior was only studied when sharing a meal with other people (De Castro & De Castro, 1989; McFerran et al., 2010; Vartanian, Herman & Wansink, 2008), but not in an online context. In addition, this study extends the very few works on negative social influence which are related to online social networks like Facebook (Wilcox & Stephen, 2013). To address this issue, two exploratory qualitative studies were carried out by interviewing 23 nutrition experts, and then 25 communities’ users. Interviews enable to better understand the mechanisms of susceptibility to community influence and its link with social comparison, homophily (to feel both similar and close with others), community norms and self-esteem. A quantitative study was then conducted by questioning 335 online dieting support communities’ users. Results show that active participation and social support has a positive effect on restrained eating, food variety and eating self-efficacy, through community identification and some aspects of susceptibility to community influence. These relations were not highlighted in existing literature. So, this doctoral research is the first work to point out that susceptibility to informational influence has a positive effect on food variety whereas susceptibility to normative influence has a positive influence on restrained eating. Social comparison appears to be linked with some aspects of social influence, in line with Polivy and Pliner (2015) that dit not precisely addressed this link. New comparison standards and criteria are extracted. Homophily related to weight loss, community norms and self-esteem are also related to susceptibility to community influence. The conclusion of this work is that awareness of overweight and obese people have to be raised by health professionals, public authorities and communities’ moderators in order to avoid restraint behaviors and to promote food variety
Romagnan, Jean-Baptiste. "Les communautés planctoniques des bactéries au macroplancton : dynamique temporelle en Mer Ligure et distribution dans l'océan global lors de l'expédition Tara Oceans. - Approche holistique par imagerie -." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4050.
Full textPlankton constitutes the bulk of pelagic biomass and plays a major role in the global biogeochemical cycles that regulate the earth system. It encompasses all the organisms that drift with the water masses movements, from bacteria to giant medusae. Studies of the entire community are scarce, and plankton has been traditionally studied by fractions. The Tara Oceans expedition is the first attempt to simultaneously collect plankton in every size classes at the global scale. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, samples of plankton from bacteria to gelatinous macroplankton were collected weekly over ten months at a reference site (point B), in Villefranche Bay, northwestern Mediterranean, and analyzed using imaging techniques. Imaging enabled us to compare 1) the functional taxonomic information as derived from the analysis of 18 Plankton Ecological Groups (PEGs), and 2) the size structure of the same planktonic community over 6 orders of magnitude in size. The plankton dynamics at point B are driven by a complex succession process involving all plankton groups, from bacteria to macroplanktonic gelatinous predators. Environmental impulsive events such as wind events trigger sharp community level reorganizations via interplay of bottom-up controls followed by top-down controls. However, the total biovolume of the planktonic community varies within only one order of magnitude over the period studied. In addition, the size structure of the entire community does not vary significantly over time. The total biovolume and size structure stability suggest that strong and compensative mechanisms drive community dynamics within a narrow range of biomass variation. The use of both taxonomic and size structured data reveals a reorganization of the food web between winter and summer. In winter and spring the microplanktoniczooplanktonic food web is shaped by the grazing function. In summer, it is shaped by the predation function (chaetognaths and gelatinous predators). In summer, the food web self organizes in two distinct food chains discriminated by size relations between predators and preys. This reorganization underlines the key role of zooplankton and predation in structuring planktonic communities. In parallel to this temporal dynamics study, we used the Tara Oceans expedition samples to study the global scale distribution of mesozooplankton. We showed that characteristic mesozooplanktonic communities were associated with distinct environmental conditions, at the global scale. Using a similar methodology as for the temporal study we found that three different mesozooplanktonic communities were associated with 1) productive environments (e.g. upwellings), 2) Oxygen Minimum Zones, and 3) Oligotrophic oceanic gyres. This work is the first typology of mesozooplanktonic communities at the global scale. It will be further developed in the future by the integration of other planktonic compartments and particulate organic matter fluxes data, to improve our knowledge on the relations between phytoplankton, zooplankton and particulate organic matter fluxes
Kovacevic, Jovana. "Plateformes d'innovation ouverte (PIO) : la dynamique des discussions orientées innovation dans le Web Community Management." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED069.
Full textIn the context of closed inbound innovation, as a form of open innovation practice, the quality of coordination among employees takes an important place. Innovative ideas can appear at any moment of the numerous formal and informal conversations. Concept generation is a key moment of upstream innovation processes. Thanks to internal web-platforms, in many organizations employees are integrated within the innovation processes and often, community discussions are organized on-line. We carry an empirical exploration by analyzing on-line, innovation-oriented, web community discussions that we have had the opportunity to co-animate throughout collaboration with a consulting firm. The innovation-oriented online discussions were launched in the context of an online community of employees to allow its members to go beyond daily discussions and further explore one trend or opportunity for the group. In this dissertation, we explore the dynamic of online collaborative concept generation at ideation stage. Therefore, we present three sets of results: firstly, we describe the general conversational dynamics of online innovation-oriented discussions, secondly contextualized community management practices, then the collaborative dynamics of concept generation. Finally, we try to establish a general framework enabling the analysis of an online innovation-oriented conversation. This research leads us to further discuss the links between open innovation platforms and the innovation organization
Mano, Mattias. "How does the crowd debate and consent in an open online context? A case study : Reddit – Change My View." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX082.
Full textThe development of the Internet revolutionized multiple aspects of daily life, and particularly how one communicates with another. From the 1980s and the first newsgroup to today’s online social networks, people commonly exchange message online. Different political events over the world,such as the movement of the « Gilets Jaunes » in France, 2018, or the Cambridge Analytica scandal, the same year, highlight the place of Internet such as a powerful expression vector on the political sphere.Besides, we observe other impacts on the collaboration among individuals, through Internet. Wikipedia, the most popular online encyclopedia, is mainly the result of individual production. It counted at the end of 2018 more than 35 millions of registered users.All these phenomena highlight the notion of collective intelligence. The purpose of this doctoral work is to study the emergence of collective intelligence within open online fora. The case study Reddit –Change My View, is a forum where an individual exposes his opinion on a subject and asks to the community to bring him arguments to change his opinion.This case study allows to analyze the life cycle of online communities. But also the different processes leading to a constructive debate. Third, we study the process of this community to establish a consensus among his members. This last point highlighted a new concept: the Consent of the Crowd
Bauduin, Francois Xavier. "Croire en réseaux dans un nouveau mouvement religieux : l'exemple du mouvement raélien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0185.
Full textTo what extent does a New Religious movement manage to ensure its proselytism, to maintain the community feeling of belonging and the authority of its leader, but also to develop new ritual practices by promoting the synergy between physical space and virtual space?This research takes the example of the Raelian movement, a Charismatic and Ufologically movement inspired by the writings of its leader Claude Vorilhon aka Rael. Having experienced a considerable media exposure when it claimed to have cloned the first human baby, Eve, in 2002, the Raelian movement thought to have found a new lease of life thanks to the Internet and the new technologies. For this purpose, already operating in a network and in a hierarchical dynamic, the organization has powerfully invested Internet. This resulted in the creation of a large number of sites developing, on the Internet, themes familiar to the movement (science and cloning, openness to sexual diversity, anti-clericalism, denunciation of neo-colonialism, etc.). The goal is to encourage recruitment by capillarity (depending on the candidate's interests) and to maintain the basic beliefs of its own followers. At the same time, the movement is very active on blogs and social networks like Facebook where a real online community is being developed, and where a whole network of followers, in direct relation with the physical space, supervises the activity of its coreligionists. The Internet also serves as a tool for organizing the holding of a certain number of propaganda events in the physical world, actions which are organized according to a transnational logic, and then cleverly exploited on the web. Finally, the internet network serves as a practice space with the holding of "Online Planetary meditations", real attempts to set an online cult establishing a ritual transfer in connection with "sensual meditation", a basic practice of the Raelian movement in the physical world whose vocation is to develop the personal "harmony" of the practitioners.Nevertheless, it is clear that the participation of the followers on the web does not reach the frequency and the vitality probably expected by Rael and the members of the structure. The same conclusion is valid in the physical world where there is a clear decline in the recruitment and the participation of the followers in various events. Probably undergoing a form of rigidification of the ruling structure and the gradual disengagement of Rael probably suffering from the weight of years, the Raelian movement seems to be in the grip of an irremediable decline. Despite the investment made, and the subtlety of the strategy put in place by the leaders, establishing a close dynamic between physical space and virtual space, the Internet and new digital technologies have not brought the second breath so much desired by Rael and his organization
Mattes, Gudrun. "Journalisme et influence politique pendant la révolution de 1848 : l’exemple de la Nouvelle gazette rhénane." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20011/document.
Full textOur work has the objective of studying the function of die Neue Rheinische Zeitung during the German revolution in 1848. Our work is based on a corpus that consists of all the numbers of the journal that comprise of special editions and supplements. Our study analyses the conception of the newspaper as imagined by its founders, its journalistic creation as well as the evolution of its political direction. The basis of our analysis is the notion of public sphere, notably the bourgeois public sphere conceived by Jürgen Habermas in 1961 but also the notions of the plebeian public sphere and the proletarian public sphere. These notions had been developped by the research in the meantime.After having studied the situation of the public sphere in Germany and the evolution of the labour movement that already existed at the start of the revolution and the beginnings of die Neue Rheinische Zeitung, we developped the hypothesis that the journal was an independent project conceived for the bourgeois public sphere in parallel with the project of the Communist League, which was created for the attention of the labour movement and the emerging proletarian public sphere. The conception of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung takes its inspiration from his founders, namely chief contributor Karl Marx and his analyses about the situation in Germany and in Europe. According to his analysis, the newspaper had an impact on the course of the revolution. The first idea behind it is to put the progressive parties under pressure. Consequently, his strategy is to enter the democratic movement in order to push its members towards a political confrontation with the monarchy. At the start of its existence, it adapted itself to the criteria of the bourgeois public sphere and therefore matched the criteria and the political standards of journalism at that time in terms of writing skills, organization, production and distribution. Our statistics of the articles dealing with Germany and other foreign countries show that it is about a Prussian newspaper, which benefited from a wide network of correspondents in the regions and states in Germany as well as Europe. Information coming from European countries is extremely important, certainly because of the European conception which the journal developed of the revolution in 1848. A particular feature of the journal is that it followed all the changes of the public sphere during the revolution. Its politics was characterized by the defence of the revolution ad in the first instance of the Freedom of the Press. Confronted by a splitting up and a partial destruction of the bourgeois public sphere, the political movement started moving from a critic of the Parliaments in Frankfurt and Berlin into a more and more insurrectional direction against the government. During the crises of September and November 1848, its influence on the democrats is notable without being completely imposing. In reaction to the negative results of the democratic political movement, the contributors started quitting the leadership in Rhineland in spring 1849 to integrate die Allgemeine Deutsche Arbeiterverbrüderung of Leipzig. The decision corresponded to a changing direction towards the proletarian public sphere whose progress had been interrupted by the end of the revolution and could not be realized
Pankratova, Dyakonova Daria. "Canadian reds : the Young Communist League of Canada, international communism and the Soviet experience (1917-1939)." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24795.
Full textThe dissertation represents the first attempt to construct a narrative about the Young Communist League of Canada (founded in 1923) during the inter-war period, so far absent in existing research on Canadian communism or socialism. The thesis focuses on the evolution of the relationship between the Young Communist League (YCL) and the Communist International and Young Communist International where Soviet Communists played a predominant role. It sheds light on numerous minor and major changes of policy shaped by the national and international contexts in which these organisations had to act. The dissertation argues that despite genuine enthusiasm toward the International’s line and the Soviet experience, Young Canadian Communists often found it difficult to implement the International’s directives in Canada. Neither the International nor the communist movement in Canada was monolithic. On the contrary, there appear to have been numerous conflicts on three levels: between the International and the League; between the League and the Communist Party of Canada; and between local or linguistic groups in the League and its national leadership. The state repression of the left during the whole inter-war period, derisory level of funding and membership numbers also impeded the implementation of the International’s policies. At the same time, the International’s weaker levels of control allowed for a certain degree of flexibility and autonomy in the Canadian League’s policies. Following the position of the Young Communist International, the Canadian communist youth placed special emphasis on anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist, and later anti-fascist and anti-Nazi, militancy. However, the League appeared to have acted independently as far as immediate demands of the youth and cultural policies were concerned, especially during the Great Depression era. The League engaged in joint activism with other youth organisations, even when Moscow did not encourage such strategy. The initiatives often came from local grassroots organizers, although Canadian authorities were convinced that Moscow was behind each and every action of the League. In the 1930s in particular the YCL, through a network of social and cultural organisations, gained access to youth of different political orientations – the socialist left, centre-left and even “bourgeois forces.” The YCL’s impact and outreach were further increased by the fact that the organisation’s sympathizers, if not members, belonged to diverse social backgrounds and included not only young workers and farmers but also High School and University students, artists, sportsmen, young white collars, many of them belonging to religious youth groups. For these young people, the YCL was the place that provided Marxist solutions to burning questions of the time such as youth unemployment and absence of welfare, social injustice, growth of fascism and imperialism in Canada and abroad.
Laliberté, Marie-Claude. "Interventions visant à améliorer la détection et le traitement de l’ostéoporose en soins de première ligne." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8317.
Full textBackground: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem given the consequences of fragility fractures. However, the detection and treatment of osteoporosis remain sub-optimal. New interventions aiming at improving the detection and treatment of osteoporosis are therefore necessary. Objectives: The global objective of this research program was to determine which strategies should be adopted for the development of future primary care interventions in osteoporosis. To do so, three different research projects were conducted, which objectives were to: 1) assess the impact of an osteoporosis workshop offered to primary care physicians on osteoporosis-related medical practices (first research project); 2) evaluate the global effectiveness of primary care interventions in osteoporosis (second research project); and 3) explore the perceptions of community pharmacists, directors of public health agencies and Québec’s Department of Health regarding the role of community pharmacists in health promotion and prevention, and more particularly in the management of osteoporosis and the risk of falls (third research project). Methods: First, a cohort study was conducted using the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec’s administrative databases (first research project). Afterward, a systematic review with meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness of interventions aiming at improving the detection and treatment of osteoporosis in primary care was performed (second research project). Finally, a cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was conducted with community pharmacists, directors of public health agencies and the chronic disease prevention director of Québec’s Department of Health (third research project). Results: The first research project showed that although the attendance at a primary care physician workshop was associated with higher rates of osteoporosis medical practices, these rates remained greatly sub-optimal. In the second research project, it was observed that multifaceted interventions targeting primary care physicians and their at-risk patients may improve the management of osteoporosis, but improvements are often clinically modest. Finally, the third research project showed that community pharmacists, directors of public health agencies and the chronic disease prevention director of Québec’s Department of Health consider that community pharmacists should play a significant role in health promotion and prevention, and more particularly in the management of osteoporosis and the risk of falls. However, because of many organizational barriers, an important gap exists between pharmacists’ ideal and actual levels of involvement in the provision of these services. Conclusions: Futures primary care interventions to be developed in osteoporosis should be multidisciplinary, include several components and address the barriers to the application of clinical practice guidelines. Targeting community pharmacists and nurse practitioners more intensively may be an interesting avenue for developing future strategies.
Thomas, Alban. "Le processus de création de liens sociaux entre les joueurs de jeux vidéo multijoueurs en ligne." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22264.
Full textKovacevic, Jovana. "Plateformes d'innovation ouverte (PIO) : la dynamique des discussions orientées innovation dans le Web Community Managment." Thesis, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED069/document.
Full textIn the context of closed inbound innovation, as a form of open innovation practice, the quality of coordination among employees takes an important place. Innovative ideas can appear at any moment of the numerous formal and informal conversations. Concept generation is a key moment of upstream innovation processes. Thanks to internal web-platforms, in many organizations employees are integrated within the innovation processes and often, community discussions are organized on-line. We carry an empirical exploration by analyzing on-line, innovation-oriented, web community discussions that we have had the opportunity to co-animate throughout collaboration with a consulting firm. The innovation-oriented online discussions were launched in the context of an online community of employees to allow its members to go beyond daily discussions and further explore one trend or opportunity for the group. In this dissertation, we explore the dynamic of online collaborative concept generation at ideation stage. Therefore, we present three sets of results: firstly, we describe the general conversational dynamics of online innovation-oriented discussions, secondly contextualized community management practices, then the collaborative dynamics of concept generation. Finally, we try to establish a general framework enabling the analysis of an online innovation-oriented conversation. This research leads us to further discuss the links between open innovation platforms and the innovation organization
Villeneuve, Julie. "La collaboration médecin-pharmacien en soins de première ligne pour la gestion des dyslipidémies : un essai clinique contrôlé et randomisé en grappe (étude TEAM)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3326.
Full textThe hypothesis was that a family physician-community pharmacist collaborative care (PPCC) model where the pharmacist provides advanced pharmaceutical care including statin dosage adjustment would provide a greater LDL reduction to dyslipidemia patients and increase the number of patients reaching their target lipid levels. . In a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate a PPCC model for patients with dyslipidemia (TEAM study), a one-day workshop based on a treatment protocol and specific clinical tools was offered to prepare PPCC pharmacists to provide advanced pharmaceutical care to dyslipidemia patients. Pharmacists knowledge on dyslipidemia was low before the workshop but significantly improved thereafter (overall score from 45,8% to 88,2%; p < 0,0001). After the workshop, pharmacists showed a high level of theoretical and practical skills. Finally, a one-day workshop based on a treatment protocol and clinical tools was necessary and adequate to prepare pharmacists to provide advanced pharmaceutical care to patients with dyslipidemia in the context of a clinical trial. In the TEAM study, 15 clusters of physicians and pharmacists (PPCC: 8; usual care (UC) : 7) followed for 1 year, 225 patients (PPCC: 108; UC:117) at moderate or high risk of coronary heart disease who initiated or were already treated with a statin monotherapy but who did not achieved target lipid levels. At baseline, compared to UC patients, PPCC patients had a higher level of LDL (3.54 mmol/L vs 3.22 mmol/L) and were prescribed less high-potency statin (11,1% vs 39,7%). At 12 months, the crude and adjusted between group-differences in the mean change in LDL-C were equal to -0.2 mmol/L (95%CI: -0.3 to -0.1) and -0.04 (95%CI: -0.3 to 0.2), respectively. The crude and the adjusted relative risk of achieving lipid targets were equal to 1.10 (95%CI: 0.95 to 1.26) and 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32), respectively. PPCC patients had more health-professional visits and laboratory tests, were more likely to have their lipid-lowering treatment changed, and to report lifestyle changes. PPCC improved adherence to treatment-guideline recommendations with higher proportion of patients achieving their target lipid levels. From an interim analysis of the TEAM study (PPCC: 100 patients; UC: 67 patients) the annual direct costs for the pharmacist follow-up in the PPCC group (training, visits, laboratories), physician follow-up (visits, laboratories) and lipid-lowering treatment were evaluated. The cost for the pharmacist follow-up was $404.07/patient, including $320.67 to train pharmacists. The incremental overall cost was $421.01/patient. Finally, a PPCC for patients with dyslipidemia entails a reasonable cost.
Bellavance, Marjolaine. "La représentation sociale des soins palliatifs chez un groupe de professionels de CLSC." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4640.
Full textIn the present social context, the identification and the comprehension of palliative care workers representations is at the base of their professional education and behaviours as well as of the many changes occurring in health care institutions. The aim of the present research is to describe and better comprehend the representations of a group of health care professionals working in a continuum of palliative care services in the Quebec health care and social services network. It is also to propose educational and organizational interventions in order to bring workers closer to the palliative care philosophy. Semi directed interviews and a content analysis revealed a large variety of representations that were both similar and different in each group as well as in the different groups. Many different meanings were given to each theme explored. The health care workers palliative care representations contain a variety of highly practical knowings and knowledges that bring together a vast majority of common sense meanings. One point is crucial: palliative care philosophy education should be at the base of palliative care interventions. The education content should take into account the multiple non scientific and ambiguous components of daily work in a palliative care settings since they are part of the process conducting to the appropriation of the palliative care philosophy.
Trépanier, Emmanuelle. "Participation des patients à la gouvernance des GMF-U : une innovation organisationnelle au service des patients." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24552.
Full textBackground: Patient engagement in primary care has been the focus of many studies in the past decade, however little research has evaluated its added value to organisational management in an academic community-based primary care practice (ACBPCP). In 2017, managers of an ACBPCP in Montreal, Canada, decided to integrate patients into the organization’s management committee to enhance the quality and relevance of decision-making for clinical services, education and research. Objectives: 1) Assess patient advisors’ role and influence on an ACBPCP management committee’s decision-making process; 2) identify the facilitators of and obstacles to patient engagement in this context; and 3) evaluate the impact of this innovative approach in promoting a patient-partnership culture throughout the organization. Design: Using a single case study, data was collected from three levels: 1) the professionals in charge of patient partnership within the territorial health care organization’s quality division; 2) the management committee; and 3) the ACBPCP’s staff outside the committee. From June 2017 to May 2019, qualitative data was collected through two focus groups, four interviews, documents and a logbook, and quantitative data was collected through questionnaires. Results: Patient advisors’ role on the strategic committee is to share their perspective based on experiential knowledge. Successful patient governance relies on a structured engagement approach, including a rigorous recruitment process of patient advisors, training and coaching of all committee members and the development of work modalities that meet the conditions of patient participation. Multilevel leadership is also fundamental to support a partnership culture throughout the organisation, including at the governance level. Conclusion: The results of this study illustrate opportunities and challenges related to patient involvement at an ACBPCP’s organizational level. They can guide other community-based primary care practices interested in involving patients in their management activities.