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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Likert Scale Type

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Academic literature on the topic 'Likert Scale Type'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Likert Scale Type"

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Koo, Malcolm, and Shih-Wei Yang. "Likert-Type Scale." Encyclopedia 5, no. 1 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5010018.

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The Likert-type scale is a widely used psychometric instrument for measuring attitudes, opinions, or perceptions in research contexts. It presents respondents with a series of statements accompanied by symmetrical response options, typically structured on a five-point scale ranging from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree”. Each point on the scale represents a gradation of agreement or sentiment, allowing researchers to transform subjective responses into quantifiable data for statistical analysis and interpretation.

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Duşa, Adrian, and Valeriu Frunzaru. "The Visual Analogue Scale. An Alternative to the Likert Type Response Scales. An Alternative to the Likert Type Response Scales." International Review of Social Research 1, no. 1 (2011): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2011-0005.

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Abstract For about eight decades, research instruments in the social sciences have been orbiting around Likert’s proposal for his famous response scale. Before him, and also after he managed to impose it, many researchers have tried to find a better solution. This, however, has proven difficult. While solving methodological problems for measuring concepts, by concentrating all the responses in only five categories brings major disadvantages as well: it has extremely low variation, it does not produce metric scores unless combined with similar items, and it cannot be used as such for advanced s

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Louangrath, P. I. "Reliability and Validity of Survey Scales." Inter. J. Res. Methodol. Soc. Sci. 4, no. 1 (2018): 50–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1322695.

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In this paper, we answered two questions: What is the reliability of a response scale in a question? What is the validity of a response scale in a question? The purpose of this paper is to present practical tools for measuring the reliability and validity of response scales used in written survey. Reliability measures consistency and validity measures precision. Our objective is to determine the reliability and validity of Likert and non-Likert scales used in research instrument. The data came from the numerical values of each type of scale. The Likert-type of scales include (1,2,3,4,5), (1,2,

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Seval; TOKER, DÖNMEZ. "Construction of a likert-type transformational Leadership Scale." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi - DTCF Dergisi 57, no. 2 (2017): 753–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/dtcfder_0000001537.

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Simamora, Bilson. "Skala Likert, Bias Penggunaan dan Jalan Keluarnya." Jurnal Manajemen 12, no. 1 (2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/jman.v12i1.978.

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Many researchers refer to any graded scale as a Likert scale. In addition to misnaming, this assumption can lead to errors in the data scale and analysis technique. This paper aims to explain the instrument scales in the survey and the data types they generate. Thus, the position of the Likert scale compared to other measurement scales becomes apparent so that researchers can give the right name to the scale they use and choose the proper data analysis technique according to its type.

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Lindner, James R., and Nicholas Lindner. "Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not." Advancements in Agricultural Development 5, no. 2 (2024): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v5i2.351.

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This paper provides a rationale and convention for discussing the true limits and interpretation of data collected using unidimensional, summated, Likert-type, and attitudinal scales used in research investigating human behavior, sociology, education, psychology, and other related fields of study. All vague quantifiers must be described in methods and findings. The true limits of the scale and of each vague quantifier should be described. This information should be placed in the methods section. A five-point summated scale, for example, can be interpreted as follows: Strongly Agree = 5 - 4.51,

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Armstrong, Robert L. "The Midpoint on a Five-Point Likert-Type Scale." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 2 (1987): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.2.359.

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Previous studies on the points of the Likert-scale format have not addressed the question of the effect on the score resulting from the use of “neutral” or “undecided” as the midpoint of a five-point scale. The present study addressed this topic with a scale on attitude toward the school board, using 389 undergraduate and 190 graduate students in education, the latter having at least one year of teaching experience, in seven geographically separated universities in the United States. The two formats of the scale were identical (strongly agree to strongly disagree) except that one scale midpoin

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Yaska, Mutah, and Bata Malgwi Nuhu. "Assessment of Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion Using Likert-Type Scale." African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/ajastr.2024.016.010379.

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This research aims to analyzing measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode), and measures of dispersion (variance and standard deviation) and to graphically present the simulated data using Likert scale measurement. Mean (μ), Median (Md), Mode (Mod), Variance ( ), and Standard deviation (σ) have been calculated on simulated data using 5 and 4 points Likert scales with four different statements. Data analysis is key in any development especially when there is need to understanding people's opinions on a particular issue that has attracted the attention of a specific population. Likert

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Louangrath, P.I., and C. Sutanapong. "Validity and Reliability of Survey Scales." Inter. J. Res. Methodol. Soc. Sci. 4, no. 4 (2018): 99–114. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545038.

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The objective of this paper is to evaluate Likert and non-Likert scales for quantitative survey. The data used in the evaluation of the scale is the scale components. The scales used for the evaluation include the following types: (0,1,2,3), (1,2,3,4,5, (1,2,3,4,5,6,7), and (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10). These scales are categorized into two types, namely Likert and non-Likert. The scale (0,1,2,3) is classified as non-Likert; the remaining scales are Likert scales. The efficacy of various scales is evaluated on the basis of fitness. We defined fitness as the ratio between shape and scale of the scale

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Muhenje, Chimwani Pamela. "A Theoretical Examination of the Composite Index or Measuring a Variable Using Likert Scale." Research Journal of Business and Finance 1, no. 1 (2023): XX. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/rjbf.v1i1.125.

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The assumption whilst using Likert scales is that the intensity or strength of character and personality traits such as attitudes can be measured on a linear continuum from strongly agree to strongly disagree. This paper discusses Likert scale items vis-a-vis Likert type items and highlights the difference between the two. Likert scale used interrelated items that can be converted into a composite score during data analysis. As such appropriate inferential statistical techniques can be applied. Conversely Likert items are individual items based on an ordinal scale and data analysis is specific

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Likert Scale Type"

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Ralepeli, Selebeli Gideon. "Employee perceptions on managing diversity in the workplace / S.G. Ralepeli." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2905.

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Mayer, Diane E., and n/a. "Perceptions of a microteaching program by preservice primary teachers and their university tutors." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060907.133436.

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This thesis reports on the perceptions held by second year preservice primary teachers and their tutors/supervisors of a 1990 microteaching program at a regional university in Queensland. Perceptions were ascertained on (a) the skills addressed, (b) peer and tutor feedback, (c) the self evaluation techniques used, (d) the content level taught, (e) the videotaping of the sessions, and (f) the effectiveness of the program in the continuing development of teaching skills for preservice teachers. Perceptions were collected using a questionnaire designed for the purpose. The questionnaire incorpora

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Dang, Thi Quynh Huong. "Development and validation of an instrument to measure epistemic beliefs and attitudes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20220/document.

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Cette recherche a consisté en le développement et la validation d'outils psychométriques servant à mesurer chez les étudiants une évolution dans les croyances épistémiques (c.-à-d. les croyances concernant les sciences, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage) et les attitudes épistémiques (c.-à-d. les conceptions, affects et valeurs envers des objets épistémiques comme la connaissance ou le savoir scientifique). Les valeurs et affects sont d'une importance primordiale dans l'éducation épistémologique, comme le sont les croyances ou les valeurs. Toutefois, ils semblent souvent négligés dans les appr

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Shulruf, Boaz. "The influence of individualist and collectivist attributes on responses to Likert-type scales." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3175087.

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Collectivism and individualism are culturally-related psychological structures which have been used to distinguish people within and across various societies. From a review of the literature, it is argued that the most salient feature of individualism is valuing personal independence, which includes self-knowledge, uniqueness, privacy, clear communication, and competitiveness. Collectivism is associated with a strong sense of duty to group, relatedness to others, seeking others' advice, harmony, and working with the group. The purpose of the thesis is to explore how collectivist and individual

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Bourdin, Loïc. "Contributions au calcul des variations et au principe du maximum de Pontryagin en calculs time scale et fractionnaire." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3009/document.

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Cette thèse est une contribution au calcul des variations et à la théorie du contrôle optimal dans les cadres discret, plus généralement time scale, et fractionnaire. Ces deux domaines ont récemment connu un développement considérable dû pour l’un à son application en informatique et pour l’autre à son essor dans des problèmes physiques de diffusion anormale. Que ce soit dans le cadre time scale ou dans le cadre fractionnaire, nos objectifs sont de : a) développer un calcul des variations et étendre quelques résultats classiques (voir plus bas); b) établir un principe du maximum de Pontryagin

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Kolic, Mary C. "An empirical investigation of factors affecting Likert-type rating scale responses." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=80122&T=F.

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Perng, Ren Shinn, and 彭仁信. "A study of category question in Likert-type scale." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91687142472514364349.

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Kuo, Po-Hsiang, and 郭博詳. "On the Use of Likert-type Scale – the analysis of ICC1." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78167059978135236709.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理科學系所<br>102<br>In social science research, we often get data from questionnaires to conduct a series of analysis. There are more or less missing data while we use the likert-type scale data, resulting the biases of the significant level and the power. This paper aims to discuss what the influence of sample size would bring to the test of intraclass correlation coefficient in the random effects model. The main direction is to figure out the simple size which can enable the effects of the test and accuracy to get pretty closer to the normality data.

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Hsiao, Yu-Yu, and 蕭宇佑. "The Comparison of Likert-Type Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for the assessment of Quality of Life: Reliability, Validity and Measurement Invariance." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19316035537131438270.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>心理學研究所<br>96<br>Likert-Type Scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) are two common psychometrical methodologies for measuring Quality of Life (QOL). However, these two scales are different from their constructions and rating methods. Besides, whether these different attributes will result in different psychometric properties for Likert-Type Scale and VAS on measuring QOL has not yet been examined. Thus in this present study, the author has compared Likert-Type Scale and VAS for measuring QOL in three aspects: (1) the degree of agreement between these two scales, (2) the evaluatio

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Hsiao, Yu-Yu. "The Comparison of Likert-Type Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for the assessment of Quality of Life: Reliability, Validity and Measurement Invariance." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1807200812085900.

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Books on the topic "Likert Scale Type"

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Kolic, Mary C. An empirical investigation of factors affecting Likert-type rating scale responses. 2004.

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Haspelmath, Martin. Formal and Functional Types of Indefinite Pronoun. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235606.003.0003.

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This chapter examines formal and functional types of indefinite pronoun. It first presents some examples of different indefinite pronoun series in a variety of languages, focusing on a formal element shared by all members of an indefinite pronoun series, such as some and any in English. This element is called indefiniteness marker, an affix or a particle which stands next to the pronoun stem. The chapter proceeds by discussing two main types of derivational bases from which indefinite pronouns are derived in the world's languages: interrogative pronouns and generic ontological category nouns l

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Miller, Richard W. Why Sovereignty Matters Despite Injustice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812852.003.0003.

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This chapter argues for greater reluctance to launch humanitarian military interventions, without appealing to any inherent value in sovereignty or autonomous political community. Instead, it appeals to the likely consequences of such intervention—both within the target country and for international relations. Miller considers four types of candidate for intervention: stable tyrannies, unstable tyrannies, popular secessions, and ongoing large-scale killing and displacement. Only in the last of these should we be disposed to support intervention according to Miller, since the likely consequence

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Devos, Erik. Physical Commodities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0007.

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Unlike other financial assets, commodities have a physical component that introduces additional complexities for valuation and hedging. Physical commodities are broadly classified into energy, metals, agricultural, and livestock with each having unique characteristics. Still, commodities of the same type are subject to varying degrees of quality. Commodity investments typically use futures contracts, as opposed to spot transactions. Most futures transactions are closed before expiration and physical delivery is infrequent. The futures price is rarely equal to the spot price, and the intertempo

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Hunt, Paul, and Ian Greaves. Oxford Manual of Major Incident Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199238088.001.0001.

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Regrettably, no year passes without some form of major incident occurring somewhere in the United Kingdom. To the traditional threats of transport, industrial, and natural disasters has been added the possibility of a major terrorist atrocity such as the London bombings of 7 July 2005 or the recent marauding gun attacks in Paris. The international situation continues to suggest that the likelihood of further similar attacks is a question of when, rather than if. That said, for most professional responders, a transport incident such as the GNER crash at Great Heck, a chemical incident such as F

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Cushman, Samuel A., and Tzeidle N. Wasserman. Quantifying loss and degradation of former American marten habitat due to the impacts of forestry operations and associated road networks in northern Idaho, USA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0012.

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American marten are associated with extensive and unfragmented late seral forest habitats, and are often considered to be particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. This chapter evaluates the impact of road building and timber harvest on habitat suitability for marten in northern Idaho, USA, using an empirically derived, multi-scale habitat suitability model, reconstructing key predictor variables (elevation, forest type, road density, canopy cover, landscape fragmentation and the extensiveness of late seral forest in the landscape) as they appear to have existed prior to harve

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Shapland, Michael G. Anglo-Saxon Towers of Lordship. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809463.001.0001.

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It has long been assumed that England lay outside the Western European tradition of castle-building until after the Norman Conquest of 1066. It is now becoming apparent that Anglo-Saxon lords were constructing free-standing towers at their residences all across England during the tenth and eleventh centuries. Initially these towers were exclusively of timber, and quite modest in scale. There followed the ‘tower-nave’ churches, towers with only a tiny chapel located inside, which appear to have had a dual function as buildings of elite worship and symbols of secular power and authority. This bo

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Gallop, J., and L. Hao. Superconducting Nanodevices. Edited by A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.17.

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This article reviews recent progress in superconducting nanodevices, with particular emphasis on fabrication methods developed for superconducting nanowires and nanoscale Josephson junctions based on different barrier materials. It evaluates the future potential of superconducting nanodevices, including nano-superconducting quantum interference devices (nanoSQUIDs), in light of improvements in nanoscale fabrication and manipulation techniques, along with their likely impacts on future quantum technology and measurement. The article first considers efforts to realize devices at the physical sca

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Steven, Hill, and Favuzza Federica. Part III Headquarters Agreements, 35 Legal Issues Related to International Military Headquarters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0035.

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This chapter provides a general overview of the types of international military headquarters (IMHQs) and their legal nature. IMHQs encompass a wide range of structures that are in use in the contemporary practice of States and international organifzations. States tend to find them attractive options for a variety of reasons, including the promotion of cooperation and coordination and the expression of shared political and/or military commitments. They can also be an important tool to help States address resource constraints, including by taking advantage of efficiencies gained through speciali

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Epstein, Joshua M. Agent-Based Computational Model. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158884.003.0003.

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This part describes the agent-based and computational model for Agent_Zero and demonstrates its capacity for generative minimalism. It first explains the replicability of the model before offering an interpretation of the model by imagining a guerilla war like Vietnam, Afghanistan, or Iraq, where events transpire on a 2-D population of contiguous yellow patches. Each patch is occupied by a single stationary indigenous agent, which has two possible states: inactive and active. The discussion then turns to Agent_Zero's affective component and an elementary type of bounded rationality, as well as

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Book chapters on the topic "Likert Scale Type"

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Phakiti, Aek. "Likert-Type Scale Construction." In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351034784-12.

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Amprazis, Alexandros, and Penelope Papadopoulou. "Plant Blindness Intensity Throughout the School and University Years: A Cross-Age Study." In Shaping the Future of Biological Education Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44792-1_10.

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AbstractPlant blindness refers to the human tendency to ignore and underestimate plants, especially compared to animals. Assessing the intensity of plant blindness throughout school and university years can provide valuable clues for the design of educational intervention programs that will reverse this limited interest in plants. The aim of this study is to assess the intensity of plant blindness amongst the Greek student population, to highlight possible correlations between the phenomenon’s core elements through a network analysis and to examine how these correlations alter as students move

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Guijarro-Fuentes, Pedro, Iria Bello Viruega, and Melania Masià. "Chapter 2. Aspects of morphosyntax of Majorcan Catalan-Spanish bilingual variety." In Language Acquisition in Romance Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpa.18.02gui.

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This paper studies structural convergence between two Romance languages that are in close contact. More specifically, it analyzes the differences in clitic realization and object omission in Spanish and Catalan. While in Spanish it is possible to omit phrases corresponding to direct objects based on their definiteness (Campos, 1986; Clements, 2006) and not to their syntactic position, Catalan does not regularly omit object pronouns but requires the use of the partitive en with indefinite antecedents. A five-point Likert scale grammaticality judgment task adapted from Bruhn de Garavito & Gu

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Gkitsas, Stergios, Spyridon Mamalis, and Irene Eirini Kamenidou. "Higher Education Students’ Necessity to Be Educated About the Concept of Water Footprint." In Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51038-0_33.

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AbstractThis research is part of a larger study and focuses on university students’ perceptions of five behaviors (conserving water at home, conserving water outdoors, using a gasoline-powered car, conserving electricity, and purchasing new clothes) in the context of their generated individual water footprint (WF). Using an online questionnaire and data collection with a non-probability sampling method, a total of 694 university students were recruited and their responses were analyzed. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean scores (MS), hierarchical, and K-means cluster analyse

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Gustriandha, Ryan Dwi, Nazaruddin, and Isfenti Sadalia. "Effect of Occupational Health Safety and Rewards on Employee Performance and Work Motivation as Intervening Variables at PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Sibayak." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_74.

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AbstractThese days, human resources are a vital role needed as a company asset to survive in the current business competition. Human resources as employees cannot be separated from problems related to occupational health and safety in the company as by ensuring occupational health safety, companies can foster morale and comfort of their employees. This study aims to determine whether the elements of occupational health and safety and rewards have an influence on employee performance and whether motivation is able to mediate occupational health safety and rewards for employee performance to be

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Man, Siu Shing, Jacky Yu Ki Ng, Kar Ying Law, and Alan Hoi Shou Chan. "Aggregate-Level Data Characteristics of Safety Climate with Different Likert-Type Scales." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20497-6_17.

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Mendes, Felipe Cardeneti, Piotr Sarna, Pavel Emelyanov, and Cynthia Dunlop. "Your Project, Through the Lens of Database Performance." In Database Performance at Scale. Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9711-7_2.

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AbstractThe specific database performance constraints and optimization opportunities your team will face vary wildly based on your specific workload, application, and business expectations. This chapter is designed to get you and your team talking about how much you can feasibly optimize your performance, spotlight some specific lessons related to common situations, and also help you set realistic expectations if you’re saddled with burdens like large payload sizes and strict consistency requirements. The chapter starts by looking at technical factors, such as the read/write ratio of your work

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Romano, Rosaria, and Francesco Palumbo. "Comparing Partial Least Squares and Partial Possibilistic Regression Path Modeling to Likert-Type Scales: A Simulation Study." In Data Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55723-6_24.

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Arbanas, Željko, Josip Peranić, Vedran Jagodnik, Martina Vivoda Prodan, and Nina Čeh. "Remedial Measures Impact on Slope Stability and Landslide Occurrence in Small-Scale Slope Physical Model in 1 g Conditions." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4_9.

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AbstractPhysical modelling of landslides by analysing the behaviour of small-scale landslide models subjected to artificial rainfall can be divided into modelling under 1 g conditions and under increased acceleration (n times gravity) in a centrifuge. Physical modelling of landslide initiation began in 1970s in Japan on scaled natural slope models and after initial experiences with field and laboratory research, the small-scale landslide modelling has found a wide application around the world in different aspects of landslide investigations, analysing different types of landslides, different t

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Chakrabortty, Pradipta, Nitish Jauhari, Raja Kumar, and Diego Maria Barbieri. "Sustainable Vibration Screening with Dual Trenches Infilled with Geofoam and Aggregate: Full-Scale Field Experiments." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_122.

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AbstractGround-borne vibrations resulting from various civil engineering activities can cause detrimental impacts on the nearby structures. Therefore, past studies have concentrated on developing vibration mitigation techniques. Vibration screening using wave barriers is a widely accepted approach, and continuous research has been ongoing in the last few decades. However, the current solutions to the problem are limited to the use of single trenches, and only limited experimental studies on open and geofoam-infilled have explored the possibilities of utilizing dual trenches. In some practical

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Conference papers on the topic "Likert Scale Type"

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Hou, Jian, Tao Chen, Ming Han, and Mohammed Bataweel. "Mitigation of Scaling Potential Using Organophosphorus Phosphonates in High-Temperature and High-Hardness Carbonate Formations." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17588.

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Abstract Carbonate and sulfate scales are two typical scales formed in oil fields, which can cause tubing blockage, reduce production, and interfere with well intervention. Phosphonate-based scale inhibitors are widely applied to inhibit scale deposition. In this study, the performance of four different phosphonate-based scale inhibitors (SI-T1, SI-T2, SI-T3, SI-T4) was evaluated at high temperatures like 105~135°C in high total dissolved solids (TDS) brines (&gt;50,000 ppm). A series of tests was applied to evaluate the performance of the scale inhibitors under test conditions, including

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Mékarbané, P., D. Alonzo, F. Moser, and G. Larrouy. "Development of Combined Corrosion and Scale Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12960.

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Abstract There is a growing demand for combined Corrosion Inhibitors (CI) and mineral Scale Inhibitors (SI) for the oil and gas production industry. The products are convenient when logistics is an issue and there is only one injection point. Developing these types of products can sometimes be complicated due to the potential incompatibility of cationic film forming corrosion inhibitors (like fatty amines) and anionic scale inhibitors (such as phosphonates or polymers). Thanks to 10 years of continuous research and development, a full range of combined CI and SI products has been developed wit

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Rana, Ahmad Raza Khan, Salwa Alachkar, Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari, Shahzad Karim, Touqeer Sohail, and Graham Brigham. "Forensic Investigation of Corrosion under Insulation from Rust Scale Sample." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20890.

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Abstract Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is among the leading damage mechanisms in oil refining and hydrocarbon production facilities. CUI reportedly drives 40-60 % of the piping-related repairs and constitutes 10% of the overall maintenance spending. Numerous conventional and advanced inspection measures look for the occurrence and severity of CUI. On the other hand, the CUI formation reasons, and kinetics may not be well understood with the common inspection strategies. Like any other type(s) of corrosion, the rust scale samples can provide useful evidence in understanding CUI. With clarity

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Sand, Guido, Sophie Hildebrandt, Sina Nunes, Chung-On Yip, and Meik Franke. "Tune Decomposition Schemes for Large-Scale Mixed-Integer Programs by Bayesian Optimization." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.120655.

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Heuristic decomposition schemes like moving horizon schemes are a common approach to approximately solve large-scale mixed-integer programs. The authors propose Bayesian optimization as a methodological approach to systematically tune parameters of decomposition schemes for mixed-integer programs. This paper discusses detailed results of three studies of the Bayesian optimization-based approach using hoist scheduling as a case study: Firstly, two objectives of the tuning problem are examined considering sequences of incumbent solutions found by the Bayesian optimization. Secondly, the Bayesian

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Zolfaghari, Alireza, Manuel Marya, and Virendra Singh. "On Defending against Calcium Carbonate and Asphaltene Deposits Using Dual-Action Diamond-Like Carbon and Polymer-Like Coatings." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20896.

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Abstract In searching for dual-action coatings, capable of combatting the deposition of calcium carbonate scale as well as asphaltene, three diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, a polymer-like carbon (PLC) coating, and an engineering PPS-PTFE polymer coating were concurrently investigated for their resistance against these chemical deposits. Attempts were made to correlate surface properties, namely water contact angle and friction coefficient, with series of laboratory-made deposits generated over 72-hrs at 31 MPa and 75°C by stirred and partially soluble liquids. Among all tested surfaces, de

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Farazi, Soheil, and Srinivas Tadigadapa. "Light Emission Based on Bound States in the Continuum." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jth2a.139.

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This paper presents a versatile platform for mid-infrared light emission utilizing various types of bound states in the continuum, enabling chip-scale coherent light emitters crucial for applications like optical communication and sensing.

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Inches, C. E., K. S. Sorbie, and K. El Doueiri. "Green Inhibitors: Mechanisms in the Control of Barium Sulfate Scale." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06485.

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Abstract Over recent years, there has been an increasing requirement in oilfield scale prevention to replace conventional mineral scale inhibitors (SI) with more environmentally friendly “green” species (GSI). This paper presents the experimental results from static barium sulfate inhibition efficiency tests for three conventional SIs and 11 GSIs. The conventional SIs are DETPMP, PPCA and PVS; and the GSIs are two PPCA-type inhibitors, four polymeric species, three maleic acid inhibitors, a polyaspartate inhibitor and a carboxymethyl inulin. These polymeric GSIs have a range of molecular weigh

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Rodić, Dušica D. "COMBINED MEASURES OF STUDENTS' SUCCESS: RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH." In 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2019). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2019.177.

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Besides measures of students’ performances, a valid assessment of students’ efficiency in a teaching process should also include measures of invested mental effort. The research presented herein covers several approaches in measuring students’ mental effort including 5, 7 and 9-point Likert type scales, time on task, as well as eye tracking technique which in combination with performance measures provide valid information on students’ success. Results of the research showed good correlation between mental effort assessed by 7 and 5-point Likert type scales and students’ performance, while the

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Karaca, Erol, and Nuray Gökçek Karaca. "The Study of the Scale to Determine Attitudes on Labor Force Participation of Turkish Migrant Women in Germany." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01489.

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This study sought to develop a Likert type scale which is valid and reliable in order to investigate attitudes on labor life participation of the migrant women. The research was carried out with 570 Turkish migrant women in Germany, living in Cologne (172), Stuttgart (150), Bremen (109), Munich (53) and Berlin (86), Germany, in 2012-2013. The data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of two sections, developed by the researchers to determine attitudes on labor life participation of migrant women. The first part is the form related to demographic and personal information, consisti

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Singh, Jitendra, and Girishwar Misra. "A Psycholexical Study of Personality Trait Structure of Hindi Speaking Indians." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/jxjt7641.

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This study adopted a psycholexical approach to uncover the personality trait structure of Hindi speaking Indians. The endorsement for personality descriptive adjectives was obtained from young adults (n=240) using a Likert-type 5-point rating scale. The principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed a six-factor structure comprised of (I) rajasic (passion and mobility), (II) sattvic (goodness and harmony), (III) tamasic (dullness and inertia), (IV) competence, (V) neuroticism, and (VI) extraversion. The six-factor structure of personality in Hindi language has broader psycholexic

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Reports on the topic "Likert Scale Type"

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Goodwin, Peter, and Rebecca Molinari. Cache Valley Wetland Mapping: Supplemental Report. Utah Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-744.

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This report summarizes a recently completed mapping project in Cache County that had three components: mapping wetland and riparian areas to update National Wetland Inventory (NWI) mapping; applying additional Landscape Position, Landform, Water Flow path, and Waterbody Type (LLWW) attributes to enhance utility and information provided by the new mapping; and developing landscape-scale models identifying likely functions provided by wetlands across the entire project area. The project area and extent of the mapping effort covers 533,000 acres of the county and includes the entire Cache Valley

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Christensen, Steen. Documentation of Edcrop – version 1: A Python package to simulate field-scale evapotranspiration and drainage from crop, wetland, or forest. Royal Danish Library, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.539.

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Evapotranspiration is one of the major components of Earth’s Water Balance, being the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the land and ocean surface. This report documents edcrop, a Python package that use climate input to simulate field-scale evapotranspiration and drainage from the root zone of an area covered with a crop, a wetland, or a forest. The conceptual model implemented in edcrop is a modification of the Evacrop model by Olesen and Heidmann (2002), which itself builds on the Watcros model by Aslyng and Hansen (1982). The edcrop conceptualization is based on consideration

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Shahverdian, Scott, Derek Schook, Derek Schook, and Scott Shahverdian. Riverscape interpretation in Great Basin National Park: A geomorphic assessment of streams and riparian areas. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2307540.

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Streams can be challenging systems to manage due to their dynamic nature and complex feedbacks between hydrologic, geomorphic, and biological processes that operate over a range of timescales. Stream-riparian ecosystems, also known as riverscapes or river corridors, are affected by events ranging from single storms to large-scale landscape disturbances such as wildfires and landslides. Understanding riverscape dynamics is necessary for identifying potential causes of their degradation, appropriate management actions, and potential restoration strategies. Developing appropriate expectations req

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Green, Crystal, Fares Georges Khalil, Laren Ziegler, and Ariunkhishig Gonchigdorj. The Resource Portfolio: Maximising Investments in Education Innovation. HundrED, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/omys3131.

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In this report, we propose resourcing the implementation of innovations at scale through a more holistic approach to how people share and regenerate the energy to enact innovation and sustain quality education. This approach has significant implications for how public and private funders of education might rethink their strategies for resourcing change, particularly by recognizing the diverse types of resources required to support meaningful transformation. We propose five types of resources that, when employed in combination, can sustain the implementation of education innovations at scale: f

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Brenzel, Jeffrey, and Burr Settles. The Duolingo English Test: Design, Validity, and Value. Duolingo, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/lyqs3238.

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Colleges, universities, and secondary schools around the world are using the Duolingo English Test (DET) as a new way to assess English language proficiency. The DET offers many advantages to admissions offices and applicants: on-demand accessibility, low cost, remote test proctoring, and rapid score reporting, as well as an integrated video interview and writing sample. The DET also looks and functions differently from other proficiency tests, which raises an obvious question. If DET item types and administration differ from those used on other large scale tests like the TOEFL® or IELTS®, can

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Stopford, Nikki, and Jacqueline O’Reilly. Innovation Work Chains in US Retail: Automation, Tracking and AI Adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/ivrp6984.

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The 2020 global pandemic led to record grocery sales and significantly accelerated the adoption of online retail services. This trend is expected to grow as mainstream retailers aim to keep up with the speed of delivery from ‘digitally native’ competitors and changing consumer expectations. Technological innovation is being introduced to different parts of the retail supply chain leading to a changing landscape for jobs. Here we develop the concept of Innovation Work Chains (IWC). We use this framing to discuss how the introduction of different types of innovative technology are likely to impa

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Minkanic, Michelle, and Emily Tran. Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors Influencing Type of Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Women in Developed vs Under-Developed Geographic Areas. Science Repository, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.cei.2024.01.01.

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The intent of this study is to identify and compare sociocultural barriers in various geographic regions that impede access, type and use of hormonal contraception, and methods to improve restrictions in access. Understanding and addressing sociocultural barriers to hormonal contraception on a larger intercontinental scale can create a more effective and inclusive healthcare system. A search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase was conducted on current and past literature performed in various developmental countries. Terms such as “birth control access AND developed nations”, “barriers of hormon

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Eshed, Yuval, and John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.

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Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of gen

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Soar, Philip, Colin Thorne, David Biedenharn, et al. Development and testing of the FRAME tool on a 200-mile reach of the Lower Mississippi River. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49744.

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Understanding the likely long-term evolution of the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) is a challenging mission for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) that remains difficult for conventional river engineering models. A new type of model is currently in development, tasked with revealing uncertainty-bounded trends in sediment transport and channel morphology over annual, decadal, and centennial timescales. The Future River Analysis and Management Evaluation (FRAME) tool is being designed with river managers and planners in mind to provide exploratory insights into plausible river futures and the

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Sangiampongsa, Pisanu. Welfare policy and social justice : policy result and attitude toward policy change. Chulalongkorn University, 2005. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2005.31.

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The extent and substance of social welfare policy have been a contentious issue. Academic discipline, culture, and values all contribute to the argument for and against it. Within the issue is also the question regarding the amplitude of government’s role in social welfare policy, which is a form of state intervention. The issue is not only philosophical, but also requires resource relocation. Since the social resource is scare, its relocation means taking some from certain individuals and giving it to others. Since the appropriate level of welfare is hard to determine, this study proposes to

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