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Journal articles on the topic 'Likert Scale Type'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Koo, Malcolm, and Shih-Wei Yang. "Likert-Type Scale." Encyclopedia 5, no. 1 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5010018.

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The Likert-type scale is a widely used psychometric instrument for measuring attitudes, opinions, or perceptions in research contexts. It presents respondents with a series of statements accompanied by symmetrical response options, typically structured on a five-point scale ranging from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree”. Each point on the scale represents a gradation of agreement or sentiment, allowing researchers to transform subjective responses into quantifiable data for statistical analysis and interpretation.

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Duşa, Adrian, and Valeriu Frunzaru. "The Visual Analogue Scale. An Alternative to the Likert Type Response Scales. An Alternative to the Likert Type Response Scales." International Review of Social Research 1, no. 1 (2011): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2011-0005.

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Abstract For about eight decades, research instruments in the social sciences have been orbiting around Likert’s proposal for his famous response scale. Before him, and also after he managed to impose it, many researchers have tried to find a better solution. This, however, has proven difficult. While solving methodological problems for measuring concepts, by concentrating all the responses in only five categories brings major disadvantages as well: it has extremely low variation, it does not produce metric scores unless combined with similar items, and it cannot be used as such for advanced s

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Louangrath, P. I. "Reliability and Validity of Survey Scales." Inter. J. Res. Methodol. Soc. Sci. 4, no. 1 (2018): 50–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1322695.

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In this paper, we answered two questions: What is the reliability of a response scale in a question? What is the validity of a response scale in a question? The purpose of this paper is to present practical tools for measuring the reliability and validity of response scales used in written survey. Reliability measures consistency and validity measures precision. Our objective is to determine the reliability and validity of Likert and non-Likert scales used in research instrument. The data came from the numerical values of each type of scale. The Likert-type of scales include (1,2,3,4,5), (1,2,

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Seval; TOKER, DÖNMEZ. "Construction of a likert-type transformational Leadership Scale." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi - DTCF Dergisi 57, no. 2 (2017): 753–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/dtcfder_0000001537.

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Simamora, Bilson. "Skala Likert, Bias Penggunaan dan Jalan Keluarnya." Jurnal Manajemen 12, no. 1 (2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/jman.v12i1.978.

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Many researchers refer to any graded scale as a Likert scale. In addition to misnaming, this assumption can lead to errors in the data scale and analysis technique. This paper aims to explain the instrument scales in the survey and the data types they generate. Thus, the position of the Likert scale compared to other measurement scales becomes apparent so that researchers can give the right name to the scale they use and choose the proper data analysis technique according to its type.

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Lindner, James R., and Nicholas Lindner. "Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not." Advancements in Agricultural Development 5, no. 2 (2024): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v5i2.351.

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This paper provides a rationale and convention for discussing the true limits and interpretation of data collected using unidimensional, summated, Likert-type, and attitudinal scales used in research investigating human behavior, sociology, education, psychology, and other related fields of study. All vague quantifiers must be described in methods and findings. The true limits of the scale and of each vague quantifier should be described. This information should be placed in the methods section. A five-point summated scale, for example, can be interpreted as follows: Strongly Agree = 5 - 4.51,

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Armstrong, Robert L. "The Midpoint on a Five-Point Likert-Type Scale." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 2 (1987): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.2.359.

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Previous studies on the points of the Likert-scale format have not addressed the question of the effect on the score resulting from the use of “neutral” or “undecided” as the midpoint of a five-point scale. The present study addressed this topic with a scale on attitude toward the school board, using 389 undergraduate and 190 graduate students in education, the latter having at least one year of teaching experience, in seven geographically separated universities in the United States. The two formats of the scale were identical (strongly agree to strongly disagree) except that one scale midpoin

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Yaska, Mutah, and Bata Malgwi Nuhu. "Assessment of Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion Using Likert-Type Scale." African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/ajastr.2024.016.010379.

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This research aims to analyzing measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode), and measures of dispersion (variance and standard deviation) and to graphically present the simulated data using Likert scale measurement. Mean (μ), Median (Md), Mode (Mod), Variance ( ), and Standard deviation (σ) have been calculated on simulated data using 5 and 4 points Likert scales with four different statements. Data analysis is key in any development especially when there is need to understanding people's opinions on a particular issue that has attracted the attention of a specific population. Likert

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Louangrath, P.I., and C. Sutanapong. "Validity and Reliability of Survey Scales." Inter. J. Res. Methodol. Soc. Sci. 4, no. 4 (2018): 99–114. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545038.

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The objective of this paper is to evaluate Likert and non-Likert scales for quantitative survey. The data used in the evaluation of the scale is the scale components. The scales used for the evaluation include the following types: (0,1,2,3), (1,2,3,4,5, (1,2,3,4,5,6,7), and (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10). These scales are categorized into two types, namely Likert and non-Likert. The scale (0,1,2,3) is classified as non-Likert; the remaining scales are Likert scales. The efficacy of various scales is evaluated on the basis of fitness. We defined fitness as the ratio between shape and scale of the scale

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Muhenje, Chimwani Pamela. "A Theoretical Examination of the Composite Index or Measuring a Variable Using Likert Scale." Research Journal of Business and Finance 1, no. 1 (2023): XX. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/rjbf.v1i1.125.

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The assumption whilst using Likert scales is that the intensity or strength of character and personality traits such as attitudes can be measured on a linear continuum from strongly agree to strongly disagree. This paper discusses Likert scale items vis-a-vis Likert type items and highlights the difference between the two. Likert scale used interrelated items that can be converted into a composite score during data analysis. As such appropriate inferential statistical techniques can be applied. Conversely Likert items are individual items based on an ordinal scale and data analysis is specific

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Lutz, Julie, Aaron Metzger, Nicholas A. Turiano, Rachael Spalding, Emma Katz, and Barry Edelstein. "THE TRUTH ABOUT AGE DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE ON VARYING LENGTHS OF LIKERT-TYPE TEST ITEMS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2598.

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Abstract Guidelines for self-report assessment with older adults emphasize the use of shorter Likert-type or agree/disagree response formats to reduce cognitive load (e.g., Yesavage et al., 1983). However, these suggestions are not founded on empirical studies directly comparing younger and older adults’ responses on different scales. Thus, the current study tested differential responding on varying Likert-type response scale lengths between younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Participants completed three versions of the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Neuroticism scale with 3,

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Baghaei, Purya, and Farshad Effatpanah. "Nonparametric Kernel Smoothing Item Response Theory Analysis of Likert Items." Psych 6, no. 1 (2024): 236–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych6010015.

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Likert scales are the most common psychometric response scales in the social and behavioral sciences. Likert items are typically used to measure individuals’ attitudes, perceptions, knowledge, and behavioral changes. To analyze the psychometric properties of individual Likert-type items and overall Likert scales, mostly methods based on classical test theory (CTT) are used, including corrected item–total correlations and reliability indices. CTT methods heavily rely on the total scale scores, making it challenging to directly examine the performance of items and response options across varying

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Pearson, Blain, Donald Lacombe, and Nasima Khatun. "Likert Scale Variables in Personal Finance Research: The Neutral Category Problem." Econometrics 12, no. 4 (2024): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics12040033.

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Personal finance research often utilizes Likert-type items and Likert scales as dependent variables, frequently employing standard probit and ordered probit models. If inappropriately modeled, the “neutral” category of discrete dependent variables can bias estimates of the remaining categories. Through the utilization of hierarchical models, this paper demonstrates a methodology that accounts for the econometric issues of the neutral category. We then analyze the technique through an empirical exercise relevant to personal finance research using data from the National Financial Capability Stud

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Hsiao, YY, and G. Yao. "PMC27 DO LIKERT-TYPE SCALE AND VISUAL ANLOGUE SCALE MEASURE THE SAME QUALITY OF LIFE?" Value in Health 11, no. 6 (2008): A567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)66866-0.

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Raaijmakers, Q. A. W. "ADOLESCENTS' MIDPOINT RESPONSES ON LIKERT-TYPE SCALE ITEMS: NEUTRAL OR MISSING VALUES?" International Journal of Public Opinion Research 12, no. 2 (2000): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/12.2.209.

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Kwon, Euna. "Differences in Effects of Honesty Measurement Methods: Situational Judgment Test Format vs. Likert-type Rating Scale." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 8 (2023): 739–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.08.45.08.739.

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The purpose of this study was to verify whether honesty, as measured by a situational judgment test format and a Likert-type rating scale, differs in its effect on different criteria. The criteria used in this study were moral disengagement, task performance, context performance, and counterproductive work behavior. Data from 721 employees (male=46.65%, female=53.95%) were used in the analysis. Honesty was measured in two ways: a situational judgment test format and a Likert-type rating scale. The results of the correlation coefficients showed that honesty was more highly correlated with moral

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Nobles, Brittney M., and Steven R. Erickson. "Variations of a Commonly Used Medication Adherence Assessment Scale: Do Changes in Scale Change Structure Results?" Journal of Pharmacy Technology 34, no. 6 (2018): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122518796586.

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Background: Medication nonadherence is a major barrier to both patients and health care professionals when trying to manage medical conditions. An appropriate self-report adherence tool would be helpful in determining a patient’s medication adherence. Objectives: To observe variations in scale scores based on modifications to an Original Adherence Scale, with the hypothesis that making modifications to the Original Adherence Scale will create variations in the percentage of adherent patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized mailed surveys to people identified in a prescription cla

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Mkhael, Imtanious. "The Psychometric Properties of Extraversion and Neuroticism Scale by Using Likert- Type Item Format." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 6, no. 2 (2012): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol6iss2pp76-89.

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The main objective of the present study was to develop an Arabic version of Junior Eysenck Extraversion and Neuroticism Questionnaire-Revised (12 items for Extraversion and 12 items for Neuroticism) and to assess its psychometric properties by using the Likert-type item format with five categories against the dichotomous(yes or no) one. In order to achieve the objective of the study several methods of reliability and validity were used, and the instrument under investigation was administered to several samples (N=727 subjects). Investigation of the internal consistency of the Extraversion, and

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Mkhael, Imtanious. "The Psychometric Properties of Extraversion and Neuroticism Scale by Using Likert- Type Item Format." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 6, no. 2 (2012): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol6iss2pp76-89.

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The main objective of the present study was to develop an Arabic version of Junior Eysenck Extraversion and Neuroticism Questionnaire-Revised (12 items for Extraversion and 12 items for Neuroticism) and to assess its psychometric properties by using the Likert-type item format with five categories against the dichotomous(yes or no) one. In order to achieve the objective of the study several methods of reliability and validity were used, and the instrument under investigation was administered to several samples (N=727 subjects). Investigation of the internal consistency of the Extraversion, and

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Ommundsen, Reidar, and Knud S. Larsen. "Attitudes Toward Illegal Aliens: The Reliability and Validity of a Likert-Type Scale." Journal of Social Psychology 137, no. 5 (1997): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595488.

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Tóth, Zsuzsanna E., Gábor Árva, and Rita V. Dénes. "Are the ‘Illnesses’ of Traditional Likert Scales Treatable?" Quality Innovation Prosperity 24, no. 2 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v24i2.1439.

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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The main aim of this paper is to introduce the development and the application of a fuzzy rating scale in measuring customer satisfaction which are to be demonstrated through a healthcare example in order to illustrate how the proposed methodology is able to enhance the reliability of traditional Likert scale-based evaluations.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The proposed methodology is built on fuzzy sets the membership function of which is composed of two sigmoid functions by applying Dombi’s conjunction oper

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Tanzer, Norbert K. "Cross-Cultural Bias in Likert-Type Inventories: Perfect Matching Factor Structures and Still Biased?" European Journal of Psychological Assessment 11, no. 3 (1995): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.11.3.194.

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The academic self-concept, measured by the Reading self-concept scale and the Math self-concept scale of the “Self-Description-Questionnaire I” (SDQ-I; Marsh, 1988 ), of Singaporean Chinese sixth-graders (600 boys and 600 girls) was compared to those of a sample of 1200 Australian students of the same age and gender composition drawn from the SDQ-I calibration sample. As the Singaporeans were fluent in English, the original English scale was used so as to avoid possible translation bias. Each scale consists of four interest items, two competence items, and two task-easiness items. Subjects ans

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İlhan, Mustafa, Gülşen Taşdelen Teker, Neşe Güler, and Ömer Ergenekon. "Effects of Category Labeling With Emojis on Likert-Type Scales on the Psychometric Properties of Measurements." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 40, no. 2 (2021): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07342829211047677.

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Today, emoji have become a popular option for anchoring the categories of Likert-type scales applied to not only adults but also children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of category labeling with emoji by comparing the psychometric properties of the emoji- and verbal-anchored versions of the mathematics motivation scale applied to students aged 8–11 years (grades 3, 4, and 5). The participants of the study comprised 658 students. According to the research results, students used the upper categories of the scale more intensively in the emoji-anchored version than in the ve

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Park, Minjeong, and Amery D. Wu. "Item Response Tree Models to Investigate Acquiescence and Extreme Response Styles in Likert-Type Rating Scales." Educational and Psychological Measurement 79, no. 5 (2019): 911–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164419829855.

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Item response tree (IRTree) models are recently introduced as an approach to modeling response data from Likert-type rating scales. IRTree models are particularly useful to capture a variety of individuals’ behaviors involving in item responding. This study employed IRTree models to investigate response styles, which are individuals’ tendencies to prefer or avoid certain response categories in a rating scale. Specifically, we introduced two types of IRTree models, descriptive and explanatory models, perceived under a larger modeling framework, called explanatory item response models, proposed

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Bartlett, Kathleen W., Shari A. Whicker, Jack Bookman, et al. "Milestone-Based Assessments Are Superior to Likert-Type Assessments in Illustrating Trainee Progression." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 7, no. 1 (2015): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-14-00389.1.

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Abstract Background The Pediatrics Milestone Project uses behavioral anchors, narrative descriptions of observable behaviors, to describe learner progression through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies. Starting June 2014, pediatrics programs were required to submit milestone reports for their trainees semiannually. Likert-type scale assessment tools were not designed to inform milestone reporting, creating a challenge for Clinical Competency Committees. Objective To determine if milestone-based assessments better stratify trainees by training level compared t

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Oaster, T. R. F. "Number of Alternatives per Choice Point and Stability of Likert-Type Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 2 (1989): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.2.549.

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Due to several previous replications of increased internal consistency reliability associated with increases in the number of alternatives per choice point, alternate forms test-retest reliability of self-ratings on a noncognitive scale was studied. Increased stability reliability associated with increases in the number of alternatives per choice point is discussed in terms of past research, theory and practical concerns.

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Foryś, Iwona, and Radosław Gaca. "Application of the Likert and Osgood Scales to Quantify the Qualitative Features of Real Estate Properties." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 16, no. 2 (2016): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0021.

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Abstract The variables used in statistical research can be measured on different scales. According to Stevens the most common division of measurement scales distinguish four main types: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The chosen scale of measurement implies further the possibility of applying certain statistical methods. For socio-economic research it is frequent that among independent variables appear variables of a qualitative nature. This study presents the idea of the application of the Likert and Osgood scales for the evaluation and quantification of qualitative variables in the rea

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장승민. "Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis for the Development of the Likert-type Scale." Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 34, no. 4 (2015): 1079–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2015.34.4.010.

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Larsen, Knud S. "Attitudes toward the Transportation of Nuclear Waste: The Development of a Likert-Type Scale." Journal of Social Psychology 134, no. 1 (1994): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1994.9710879.

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Yang, Hong, Jie Zhang, Yuhan Lu, and Ming Li. "A Chinese version of a Likert-type death anxiety scale for colorectal cancer patients." International Journal of Nursing Sciences 3, no. 4 (2016): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.11.002.

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Doe, Raymond, Bryan A. Landrum, Kaelyn M. Lewis, Matthew E. Glenn, and Jacob D. Smith. "Likert Items: Should(n’t) We Really Care?" International Journal of Social Science Studies 11, no. 1 (2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v11i1.5747.

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One of the controversial methodological topics in the social and behavioral sciences is the (ab)use of Likert Scale items, Likert-type items and ranked ordered response categories. The debate is whether parametric tests can be legitimately conducted on technically ordinal response categories that are represented with numbers. Participants answered survey questions on moral disengagement, where we changed the intervals of seven response categories and tested whether assigning numbers made any difference in two separate studies. The results showed that participants’ ratings were not significantl

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Claveria, Oscar. "A new metric of consensus for Likert-type scale questionnaires: an application to consumer expectations." Journal of Banking and Financial Technology 5, no. 1 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42786-021-00026-5.

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Curado, Maria Alice Santos, Júlia Teles, and João Marôco. "Analysis of variables that are not directly observable: influence on decision-making during the research process." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, no. 1 (2014): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000100019.

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The sample dimension, types of variables, format used for measurement, and construction of instruments to collect valid and reliable data must be considered during the research process. In the social and health sciences, and more specifically in nursing, data-collection instruments are usually composed of latent variables or variables that cannot be directly observed. Such facts emphasize the importance of deciding how to measure study variables (using an ordinal scale or a Likert or Likert-type scale). Psychometric scales are examples of instruments that are affected by the type of variables

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Solis, Daniel, David Hutchinson, and Nancy Longnecker. "Visual Discrete Format: An Alternative to Likert-Type Formats of Survey Items Sensitive Enough to Measure Small Changes in Stable Constructs Such as Self-Concept in Science." International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education 10, no. 2 (2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2022-10-2-01-16.

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A visual discrete format was developed for use in surveys as an alternative to a Likert-type format to measure changes in a relatively stable construct before and after an intervention. Visitors to a science centre ranging in age from 8 years old upwards were asked to complete surveys that included a seven-item questionnaire scale on self-concept in science using either the Likert-type format (n=446) or the visual discrete format (n=375), before and after their visit. A new set of statements to assess self-concept in science were developed and validated so they could be conducted on either for

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Perales-Puchalt, Jaime, Ashley Shaw, Jerrihlyn L. McGee, et al. "Preliminary Efficacy of a Recruitment Educational Strategy on Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge, Research Participation Attitudes, and Enrollment Among Hispanics." Hispanic Health Care International 18, no. 3 (2019): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540415319893238.

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Introduction: Hispanics remain underrepresented in dementia clinical research. This one-arm trial aimed to assess the preliminary efficacy of a culturally tailored recruitment educational strategy among Hispanic older adults on dementia knowledge, research participation attitudes, and enrollment. Method: The recruitment strategy included 6 one-session culturally tailored dementia education events at trusted community senior centers. Participants received a pre–post survey including a 5-point Likert-type scale and the Epidemiology/Etiology Disease Scale to assess dementia knowledge, and a 4-poi

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Marci, Tatiana, Ughetta Moscardino, Francesca Lionetti, Alessandra Santona, and Gianmarco Altoé. "Using Harter and Likert Response Formats in Middle Childhood: A Comparison of Attachment Measures." Assessment 27, no. 8 (2019): 1821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119836497.

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Self-report questionnaires based on Harter’s response format (“Some kids . . . but other kids . . . ”) are commonly used in developmental and clinical research settings, but the reliability and validity of this format in middle childhood are still under debate. The current study aimed to test the psychometric proprieties of Harter versus Likert response formats as applied to two attachment questionnaires in a sample of 410 Italian children aged 8 to 10 years. Participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised Child version ( n = 102, 4-point Likert-type scale; n = 104, adapt

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Osanyinlusi, Oladele I., and Kemisola O. Adenegan. "The Determinants of Rice Farmers' Productivity in Ekiti State, Nigeria." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 2 (2016): 049–58. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2016.2.122615174.

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The issue of low productivity of the Nigerian farmers is becoming topical particularly in rice production. Rice is an annual crop and one of the most important staple food crops in Nigeria. Since the mid-1970, the demand for rice has been increasing at a much faster rate in Nigeria than in any other African country. This paper therefore examines the factors affecting rice farmers’ productivity as well as constraints limiting rice production in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for this study with the aid of a well-designed questionnaire to collect data from 160 randomly selecte

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Haty, Nurhaty Purnama Sari, Fenny Agustina, and Riska Henilian Saputri. "RESPON SISWA TERHADAP LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) MATERI BIOTEKNOLOGI PRODUK FERMENTASI LOKAL DI SMA NEGERI." Bio-Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi 10, no. 1 (2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/bl.v10i1.13618.

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This study aims to determine students' responses to local fermented biotechnology Worksheets. This research was a type of qualitative descriptive research. Data collection used a questionnaire with Likert scale. Data trials were carried out with 2 scales, they are small scale of 8 respondents and large scale of 28 respondents. Based on the assessment of the results of the questionnaire that given to small-scale respondents, reached 89% in the very good category, while the large-scale respondents amounted to 87.81% in the very good category.

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Naji Qasem, Mamun Ali, and Showkeen Bilal Ahmad Gul. "Effect of Items Direction (Positive or Negative) on the Factorial Construction and Criterion related Validity in Likert Scale." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 3 (2014): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.3.77.

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The study was conducted to know the effect of items direction (positive or negative) on the factorial construction and criterion related validity in Likert scale. The descriptive survey research method was used for the study and the sample consisted of 510 undergraduate students selected by used random sampling technique. A scale developed by Sobhei Hamdan & Mohammed Jehad (2007) was used by the investigator to access attitude of students towards undergraduate study. The finding of the study revealed that: (1) there is effect of items direction (positive or negative) on the factorial const

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Fejes, József Balázs, Attila Rausch, and Tímea Török. "What do Hungarian Students Think About when Filling out the Likert-Type Scale Goal Structure Questionnaire?" Magyar Pedagógia 115, no. 3 (2015): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17670/mped.2015.3.183.

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Smith-Sebasto, N. J., and Ayres D'Costa. "Designing a Likert-Type Scale to Predict Environmentally Responsible Behavior in Undergraduate Students: A Multistep Process." Journal of Environmental Education 27, no. 1 (1995): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1995.9941967.

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Brittin, Ruth V. "Comparing Continuous versus Static Measurements in Music Listeners' Preferences." Journal of Research in Music Education 43, no. 1 (1995): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345790.

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In this investigation, we compared listeners' preferential ratings of art music, derived by conventional static ratings taken through 10-point Likert-type scales, and continuous ratings taken throughout the duration of each excerpt with a Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI). Music majors (n = 100) and non-music majors (n − 100) rated twelve excerpts of Western art music, including three substyles (Baroque, Romantic, and 20th-century) and three performance media (strings, keyboard, and winds). Music majors' preference ratings were significantly higher than were nonmusic majors' prefere

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Jang, Deok-Hyun. "Is the Mid-point of a Likert-type Scale Necessary?: Comparison between the Scales with or without the Mid-point." Survey Research 18, no. 4 (2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20997/sr.18.4.1.

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Harjanta, Aris Tri Jaka, Rahmat Robi Waliyansyah, and Zainal Arifin. "Implementation of Multiple Intelligences Determinant Applications for Junior High School Students Using Web-Based Likert Scale Method." Journal of Applied Science and Technology 2, no. 02 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jast.2.02.1-8.

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Multiple intelligences or commonly called multiple intelligences are various skills and talents that students have to solve various problems in learning. The problem in this research is how is the process of developing applications for determining multiple intelligences for junior high school students using the method web-based Likert scale?, how is the feasibility of the application for determining multiple intelligences for junior high school students using the web-based Likert scale method?, and how is the effectiveness of using the application for determining multiple intelligences for jun

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Imai, Yoshiaki. "Effects of level of abstraction of Likert-type scale items on respondents’ answer: In the case of Perceived Social Power Scale." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (September 8, 2020): PA—002—PA—002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pa-002.

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G., Hariharan*1 Dr. G. Arumugam2. "Construction and Validation of Achievement Motivation Scale Among Higher Secondary School Students In Thiruvarur District." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 1 (2025): 345–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14724170.

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The main aim of this study was construct and validate of achievement motivation scale. The scale consists of total 90 positive and 13 negative likert type items namely; always, frequently, sometimes, rarely, never. The preliminary instrument consists of 113 likert types item was tested on 100 students after the refinement of items using different procedures only 90 items were selected. The construction and development of tests was done by expert review. Preliminary draft items analysis, selection of item, preparation of final test norms validity(0.83) and reliability(0.74) the achievement moti

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D'souza, June Bernadette, Warisanan Dechpanprasong, Chris Chan, and Ruthaikan Ornla-or. "Cultural Adaptation: A Mediator between Cultural Intelligence and Academic Performance in a Thai Context." Asia Social Issues 16, no. 5 (2023): e258480. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/asi.2023.258480.

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Seminal research on cultural intelligence is ubiquitous at an organizational level, albeit research at an educational level, especially in a Thai context is scant. Using a quota sample of 426 students, this quantitative paper gathered data from three subgroups in Bangkok: Thai, Chinese and ASEAN from two educational settings. Cultural Intelligence was measured using the “Four Factor Cultural Intelligence” Scale (CQS) of Ang et al., (2007), constituting 20 items, answered on a 7-point Likert-type scale. To measure sociocultural adjustment, the Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R), of Wilson

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Chua, Hui Wen, Hui Jun Zhou, Chin Meng Khoo, Asim Shabbir, Davide Lomanto, and Jimmy BY So. "Attitudes and Concerns of Diabetic Patients towards Bariatric Surgery as Treatment of Diabetes." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 45, no. 11 (2016): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v45n11p495.

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Introduction: Bariatric surgery is increasingly recognised as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes that significantly improves glycaemic control, even achieving remission. This study examined perceptions and concerns of diabetic patients towards bariatric surgery as a treatment option for diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were recruited from a specialised diabetic outpatient clinic and completed a questionnaire (items were rated on a Likert scale from slightly important [lowest score of 1] to extremely important [maximum score of 5]). Logistic regression was perfor

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Emi, Emi, Arifin Utha, and La ode Mustafa. "ANALISIS KINERJA KARYAWAN DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN KEPADA CUSTUMER PADA PERSEROAN TERBATAS (PT). SINAR GALESONG KENDARI." Business UHO: Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 1, no. 1 (2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52423/bujab.v1i1.9549.

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This study aims to determine how the performance of employees in providing services to custumer at PT. Sinar Galesong kendari. The type of data used in this study is primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The respondents in this study were 30 respondents. The measurement scale used in this study is the Likert scale. Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in risert in the form of surveys. The results of measurements carried out that the performance of employees in providing services to custumer at PT. Sinar Galesong Kendari is already good at providi

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Telaumbanua, Yasminar Amaerita. "Guidance and Counseling Study Program Students’ Perception towards Bahasa Inggris Course." JELITA 5, no. 1 (2024): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56185/jelita.v5i1.653.

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The research objective was to find out, to analyze and to describe guidance and counseling study program students’ perception towards Bahasa Inggris course learnt. Type of the research was quantitative descriptive analysis. The number of research participants was 45 students. The method used in collecting and analyzing data was by using quantitative approach and descriptive analysis which was presented by a variety of means and Likert Scale, collected through instrument that was questionnaire distributed to students with 25 statements. As research finding, students’ perception towards Bahasa I

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