Journal articles on the topic 'Limaçon technolog'

According to the meshing principle of non-circular gears, the meshing characteristic and digital manufacturing technology of Limacon type gears is studied. Based on analyzing the parameterized modeling of pitch curve, transmission characteristics and convexity-concavity analysis on Limacon type gears, the transmission feasibility of this type gear is proved. Through tooth shape design, CAM calculation and analysis with example, and processing simulation, the validity and manufacturability of theoretical design method on this type gear is proved. The research results can provide more systemic theory basis for the design, manufacture, measure and application of Limacon type gears.

Let ST L ( s ) and CV L ( s ) denote the family of analytic and normalized functions f in the unit disk D : = z : | z | < 1 , such that the quantity z f ′ ( z ) / f ( z ) or 1 + z f ″ ( z ) / f ′ ( z ) respectively are lying in the region bounded by the limaçon ( u − 1 ) 2 + v 2 − s 4 2 = 4 s 2 u − 1 + s 2 2 + v 2 , where 0 < s ≤ 1 / 2 . The limaçon of Pascal is a curve that possesses properties which qualify it for the several applications in mathematics, statistics (hypothesis testing problem) but also in mechanics (fluid processing applications, known limaçon technology is employed to extract electrical power from low-grade heat, etc.). In this paper we present some results concerning the behavior of f on the classes ST L ( s ) or CV L ( s ) . Some appropriate examples are given.

Heart symbols are used as expressions of love. There are several mathematical explanations that can produce a curve in the shape of a heart symbol, the most famous of which is cardioid. Graphs that look exotic like cardioid and limacon can be solved using polar coordinates. Polar equations r = a ± b cos θ and r = a ± b sin θ, with a and b positive are called limacon curves, for the special case a = b is called the cardiod. Computer technology is an alternative that can be used to help this. One of the computer programs that can be utilized as a medium of mathematics learning especially in drawing the heart curve is GeoGebra. GeoGebra is a dynamic mathematical software that combines geometry, algebra, and calculus. GeoGebra program serves as a learning medium that provides a visual experience to students in interacting with the concept of polar coordinates in solving the problem of the heart curve.

The aim of this work is to describe the behavior of three-phase inverters connected to a faulty grid by means of a parametric approach which gives rise to limaçon of Pascal curves and 3D figures formed by the injected currents during the fault. The analytical study is given in the complex form of the transformed Park variables, and the simulation results are obtained by means of MATLABTM. The results show that the parametric analysis can be an easy and useful tool to predict the behavior of three-phase inverters operating under voltage sags, with the aim of achieving fault ride-through (FRT) capability.

Modern science operates with various methods, among which modeling is one of the most popular. The development of information technology allows the study of analogues (models) with the most significant characteristics of the real object. Modeling activities have been considered as useful teaching method in STEM education. Cloud services (like GeoGebra) are effective means for STEM education. The paper features a methodology of forming modeling skills based on STEM projects, which is grounded on modeling interesting curves of Analytic Geometry course. The content of the methodology is a course in Computer Modeling, which includes a module "STEM education and modeling". The module idea is based on the formation of skills required to model interesting curves (ellipse, hyperbola, parabola, conchoid of Nicomedes, limaçon of Pascal, strophoid, cissoid of Diocles, lemniscate of Bernoulli, Cassini oval, cycloidal curves, folium of Descartes, witch of Agnesi, logarithmic spiral). The methodology provides 4 steps (Step 1 – the teacher offers an example of a STEM project, which is discussed in class and solved by the teacher using GeoGebra; Step 2 – students are divided into groups of 3-4 people; Step 3 – the teacher offers a short STEM project (7-10 days), in which students model the curve; Step 4 – students offer their own STEM project (15-20 days), the solution of which is based on the modeling of an interesting curve). To test the effectiveness of the developed methodology, a pedagogical experiment was organized (2019-2021), which was joined by Master's students majoring in "Secondary Education (Mathematics)" and "Secondary Education (Computer Science)". Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University (Ukraine) was the experimental base. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is proved by the sign test at the significant level of 0.05.

Annotation: This article highlights the rich history of irrigation and irrigation in the beautiful Fergana Valley in the snowcapped mountains, as well as interesting historical facts in its study. You can also learn about the findings and conclusions of the leading researchers of their time, as well as a brief description of the ancient irrigation structures. Keywords: Irrigation, Liman method, Panjaatan (fan-like) method, nevillerovka, sepoya, tanob, labgardon, wooden molds, evolution.

Biological wastewater treatment plants (the BTPs) of city of Odesa (Northern and Southern Plants) are the most powerful permanent sources of nutrient pollution of coastal waters of Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea (the NWPBS) and the Khadzhybei Liman. The article includes a comparative analysis of changes, taking place since the beginning of the 21st century, related to the qualitative composition of return water of the Northern and Southern BTPs and the amount of nutrients reaching the marine environment together with such water, as well as the analysis of possible influence of such changes on eutrophication of coastal waters of Odesa Region of the NWPBS and the Khadzhybei Liman. It was established that despite significant decrease (by 1.7 - 2 times) of return water discharged from the BTPs the amount of nitrates and nitrites reaching the marine environment together with such water increased by 4-6 times. At the same time the reduced inflow of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and phosphates can be observed. Treatment facilities of Odesa were put into operation back in the 1970s. They use a then typical technology of biological cleaning of wastewater from nutrient compounds in aeration tanks providing aerobic conditions. The technology is considered as incomplete in terms of nitrogen compounds treatment since its final product includes nitrate nitrogen in large quantities. When reaching the marine environment it is absorbed by algae at the stage of primary production of organic matter and thus is transformed in organic nitrogen again. It was noted that since the coastal waters of Odesa Region of the NWPBS and the Khadzhybei Lyman have a high level of trophicity and currently there is a disbalance between mineral nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the water towards insufficiency of mineral nitrogen reserves (as compared with the standard Redfield stoichiometric ratio), additional inflow of nitrates and nitrites in the marine environment together with return water from the BTPs would, in certain circumstances, lead to algal bloom and aggravation of negative eutrophication-related consequences. The research allowed making a conclusion that a modern flow sheet of advanced biological cleaning (treatment) of wastewater from nitrogen compounds should be implemented at the Northern and Southern BTPs in order to reduce the inflow of nitrates in the marine environment. Such flow sheet should ensure both nitrification and denitrification processes.

This article presents the results and interpretation of the compositional and isotopic analysis of carbon in 14 gas samples derived from oil and gas fields and structures (Liman, East Makat, North Kotyrtas, Zholamanov, S. Nurzhanov and West Prorva) of the southern part of Pre-Caspian basin. According to the results of this study, all gases have a thermogenic source and their organic matters were deposited in the marine environment, which is also consistent with the results of biomarker analysis of oils from these studied fields. A sharp enrichment of propane with heavy carbon isotope in gas №55 of East Makat field suggests its biodegradation, which is also confirmed by the results of gas chromatographic analysis of oil from this well. A star diagram of gases was plotted based on normalized values of carbon isotopic composition of C1-C5, according to the results of which the studied samples can be divided into 5 genetically different groups. The identified groups based on results of this gas analysis are also consistent with the results of «fingerprinting» of oil from these fields. Keywords: gas composition; gas isotopic composition; Rayleigh fractionation; Bernard diagram; Clayton diagram; Laurent diagram; Chung diagram; enrichment in heavy isotope.

Materials are presented on the study of the technology of harvesting Pacific salmon, using fixed seines of the «zaezdok» type in the Amur estuary and the river. Amur, in order to ensure the passage of spawners of Pacific salmon during passing days without dismantling the wings and the trap, but only by closing the inlet device of the reservoir. The results of the conducted studies showed that the design of a fixed seine of the «zaezdok» type does not prevent the passage of fish to spawning grounds, does not allow it to be bound and does not cause damage to the prey object. During periods of skipping spawners («passing days»), it is sufficient to close the entrance to the seine trap and raise its netting. This ensures the unhindered exit of fish from the fishing area of the prey tool. Installation of additional structural elements (windows, etc.) is not required to ensure the passage of fish.

Abstract The Limadou collaboration includes all Italian scientists working on the project CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite), a constellation of satellites equipped with the most advanced technologies for correlating ionosphere perturbations with the occurrence of seismic events [2]. For the launch of CSES-02, scheduled for mid-2022, the collaboration is realizing the high-energy particle detector [1], aimed at detecting electrons and protons trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere, with energies 5 MeV–100 MeV and 30 MeV–300 MeV respectively. This payload consists of a particle tracker, a trigger system and a calorimeter, which work in time-coincidence to accurately identify particles and measure their energy and trajectory. The tracker is based on monolithic active pixel sensors ALPIDE [4], an innovative platform with superior performances in the field of pixel detectors, developed for the upgrade of the ALICE experiment [5] at the LHC, at CERN. The challenge in the construction of the tracker has been to adapt the ALPIDE technology to the space environment and to the specifications of the space register. Lightness and stiffness, essential features for structures in a tracker module, needed to balance with the need for withstanding structural and vibrational stress in the extended range of temperature occurring in the launch phase. Proper material choice with high thermal conductivity for the heat dissipation, innovative design of thermal paths and structural test results guided the project of mechanics. The modular particle tracker consists of 5 turrets, each one made of 3 stacked staves, with 150 pixel sensors in total. For readout and control purposes, ALPIDE sensors are wire-bonded to flexible printed circuits, which enhances the fragility of the system and makes handling critical. Sensor supports in carbon fiber reinforced plastic and an external aluminum frame preserve the mechanical integrity and provide the essential thermal bridges for heat dissipation. We provide results from the intense campaign of structural, thermal and vibrational qualification tests that have been performed in compliance with the procedures required by the space register. It regards structure, module and turret elements. The envisaged solution is a novelty in the field of space applications and paves the way for important developments for particle and astroparticle physics experiments.

Statistical analysis of the causes of ship accidents showed that 10 % of accidents are due to the influence of irresistible force, about 15 % are the result of technical imperfection and sudden failure of ship equipment, and the remaining 75 % account for the «human factor» regardless of the cause of the accident. A detailed analysis of the causes of accidents reveals that they are caused by the actions of individuals, dominated by organizational errors by a group of operators in the preparation and execution of the maneuvering control process. At the same time, there is a gap between the complexity of modern equipment and the psychological capabilities of the human operator as an element of the human-machine system. Analysis of accidents in the Bugsky-Dnestrovsky Liman Canal over the past 20 years has shown that 58.5 % of accidents occurred in the dark and under conditions of limited visibility. There were two causes of accidents: grounding and allision, 84.3 %; collisions, 28.8 %. This indicates the insufficient preparation of bridge crews for navigating the canal. This paper has considered a procedure of bridge crew navigation training for planning safe motion coordinates while entering/leaving a port along the trajectory points, as well as actions in case of a pre-emergency and techniques to predict it. The coordinates of the travel points are determined at the intersection of rectilinear segments of the recommended safe rectilinear path on a chart. It is a relevant task to use new methods of planning the path and controlling the movement along it, taking into consideration the area for maneuvering, maneuverable properties of the vessel, as well as external influences, for timely detecting the deviation of parameters from those planned. The calculation of the planned coordinates is performed for the center of gravity of the vessel for the characteristic points of the path of movement (the beginning and end of a turn, the onset of braking) and trajectory points (rectilinear segments of the path through 0.2 cables, and curvilinear sections through 10 degrees). Coordinates of the assigned path are represented in the form of the linear matrices of the path rectilinear and curvilinear sections. The navigational motion control system consists of the devices to automatically determine deviations from planned coordinates and decision support systems to correct deviations detected. The proposed method to plan and control motion was investigated by computer simulation, the test was carried out under natural settings. Their results showed that the calculated optimal assigned trajectory enables accident-free guidance of the center of gravity along the predefined path by ship’s control means and meets the established criteria of optimality. The proposed method could be used in the development of controls for automated vessels and is the only possible one for vessels with unattended operation

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Limaçon machine, of which the relative motion between the rotor and housing follows the limaçon curve, belongs to a class of rotary positive displacement machines. The profiles of rotors and housings of those machines can be constructed of either limaçon or circular curves, hence the names: limaçon-to-limaçon, circolimaçon, and limaçon-to-circular machines. This paper presents the investigation into the thermodynamic performance of the limaçon-to-circular machines with the presence of apex seals and inlet valve. This paper sets out by briefly introducing the limaçon technology and the construction of the limaçon-to-circular machine working volume. The mathematical descriptions of ports' positions and areas have also been introduced. The paper then discusses the flow and phase composition of working fluid through the working chambers as well as how the fluid velocity is modeled and calculated. Then the seal dynamic model and response of inlet valve are presented followed by the machine thermodynamic model. A case study has also been presented to show the responses of seals and inlet valve during the machine operation.

A circolimaçon positive displacement machine is driven by a limaçon mechanism, but the profiles of its rotor and housing are circular arcs. As such, its design models are different from those of the limaçon-to-limaçon machines, whose profiles are cut to the limaçon equations. For the benefit of the reader, the paper starts with a brief background on the general geometric aspects of the limaçon fluid processing technology. However, the focus is then turned to the circolimaçon machine, where its design parameters are introduced and geometric models are proposed to assist with the design process. Also, a computational inverse design model has been employed to work out a set of congruent geometric parameters to meet certain design requirements. Case studies are presented at the end of the paper to give the reader a numerical perspective on the design process of this class of positive displacement machines.

Positive displacement expanders are quickly gaining popularity in the fields of micropower generation and refrigeration engineering. Unlike turbomachines, expanders can handle two-phase flow applications at low speed and flow rate levels. This paper is concerned with a simple-design positive displacement expander based on the limaçon of Pascal. The paper offers an insight into the thermodynamic workings of the limaçon gas expander and presents a mathematical model to describe the manner in which the port locations affect the expander performance. A stochastic optimization technique is adopted to find the locations, for the expander ports, which produce best expander performance for given chamber dimensions. The operating speed and other parameters will be held constant during the optimization procedure. A case study is offered in this paper to prove the validity of the presented approach, and comments are given on how various operating parameters affect system performance in the limaçon design.

Yaşam dinamiklerinin farklılaşmasından doğan göçler nedeniyle kent nüfusları beklenenin üzerinde gerçekleşmektedir. Kentsel alanların bu göçleri karşılayabilecek altyapıya sahip olması sürdürülebilirlik açısından elzem olmakla birlikte son yıllarda küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak yaşanılan iklim değişikliği ve bunun çevresel tahribatları, özellikle kentsel alanlarda daha yoğun bir şekilde hissedilmektedir. Bu nedenle kentlerde aşırı nüfus yoğunluğunun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek sürdürülebilir yönetim anlayışlarına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu noktada hem çevreci hem de sürdürülebilir özelliklere sahip olan, ekonomik değerler ile çevresel değerler arasında bir denge kurarak kent yönetimini hedefleyen yeşil altyapı anlayışı son dönemlerde kent tasarımlarında ve halihazır kentlerin doğayla olan tezatlığının engellenmesinde yerini almıştır. Bu olgu çerçevesinde liman kenti olan İskenderun ilçesi özelinde nitel gözlemlere dayalı gerçekleştirilen çalışmada yeşil altyapı bileşenlerinden kurakçıl peyzaj, sürdürülebilir tarım, yağmursuyu yönetimi, atıksu yönetimi ve yeşil liman kavramları incelenmiş, kentin mevcut ve olası genişleme durumlarının sürdürülebilir kent yönetimi anlayışı ile gerçekleştirilmesine ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.

This study investigated occupational stress and burnout among senior secondary school teachers in Sokoto metropolis and their coping strategies. The population of the study consisted of all public senior secondary school Teachers in Sokoto metropolis, totaling (1, 216). One hundred and ninety-six (196) respondents were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table of determining sampling size from eight (8) secondary schools. Descriptive design was used for the study. Three adopted instruments titled; Teacher Stress Scale by Liman (2016) to measure teachers’ stress, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) by Maslach, Jackson and Schwab (1986) to measure teachers’ burnout, the Cope Inventory by Carver, Sheier and Weintraub (1989) to measure teachers’ coping strategies, were used to collect data for this research. Three hypotheses were tested and t-test was used for data analysis. The findings of the study shows that there is significance difference in occupational stress of male and female senior secondary school teachers in Sokoto metropolis but, there is no significant difference in burnout and coping strategies of male and female senior secondary school teachers in Sokoto metropolis. Conclusively, the findings of this research study shows that male teachers experience more stress than female teachers. The stress experienced by secondary school teachers can lead to reduced productivity and burnout. Nonetheless, stress coping strategies should be inaugurated to assist teachers reduced their stress. Some recommendations made include there is need to help teachers resolve occupational stress. This can be achieved through seminars, workshops, and sensitization programs.

Doğal veya yapay yapıların dış etkenler sonucunda şekil ve konum değişikliğini ölçme işlemlerine deformasyon ölçmeleri denir. Deformasyonların belirlenmesi amacıyla jeodezik kontrol ağları kurulmakta ve bu ağlarda farklı periyotlarda yapılan ölçülerin değerlendirilmesiyle deformasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Jeodezik kontrol ağlarında deformasyon belirlenmesinde yatay ve düşey doğrultu için genellikle GNSS, yalnızca düşey doğrultu için genellikle hassas nivelman yöntemiyle yapılan ölçüler kullanılır. Kıyılardaki uzun dönemli deniz seviyesi değişimleri mareograf istasyonları yardımı ile izlenir. Bu ölçüler jeodezik açıdan yükseklik sistemleri için düşey datum belirleme çalışmalarında ve düşey yerkabuğu hareketlerinin belirlenmesi gibi birçok önemli alanda kullanılır. Bu alanlarda doğru ve güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşılabilmesi için mareograf istasyonunun herhangi bir yer kabuğu hareketinden etkilenmemesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Trabzon liman sahası içerisinde bulunan mareograf istasyonu çevresinde düşey yönlü yer kabuğu hareketlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma alanında kurulan bir nivelman ağında Haziran 2020 (I. Periyot), Ekim 2020 (II. Periyot) olmak üzere iki periyotta hassas nivelman ölçüsü yapılmıştır. Her iki periyotta da ölçülen yükseklik farkları serbest ağ yöntemine göre dengelenerek t-dağılımlı uyuşumsuz ölçüler testi uygulanmıştır. Periyotlar arasında ağda hareket oluşup oluşmadığı statik deformasyon modeli yöntemlerinden ϴ2-ölçütü yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında uygulanan yöntemlerle ilgili hesaplamalar MATLAB program kodları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Ayrıca mareograf istasyonu çevresinde, yumuşak zeminli bölgelerde zamanla oluşabilecek yer kabuğu hareketlerinin belirli periyotlar arasında tekrarlı olarak hassas nivelman ve GNSS ölçüleri ile kontrol edilmesi gereklidir. Bu şekilde hem deformasyonlar önceden belirlenerek kontrol altına alınabilir hem de yapılan ölçüler gelecekte yapılacak olan bilimsel çalışmalara katkı sağlayacak önemli veri kaynakları olacaktır.

Intra-annual sea level fluctuations and variability of mesoscale processes based on eddy kinetic energy (EKE) were studied in the northern (northward of 41 N) Japan/East Sea (JES) using data from satellite altimetry for 1993–2020. Decomposition to empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) was performed of the high-pass filtered, with the cut-off period of 250 days, sea level anomalies. The leading mode accounting for the major fraction of the variance yielded sea level fluctuations which were simultaneous in the entire sea and occurred in the range from 70 to 250 days without any preferable timescale. EKE in the northern sea was also expanded to EOF and yielded the leading mode capturing mesoscale variability within the Primorye (Liman) Current and the Tsushima Warm Current. The seasonal signal was found in the simultaneous intra-annual sea level fluctuations, which matches that of EKE, and, as found in the earlier studies, of the mean currents. The sea level rises, the mean currents intensify and EKE increases in summer and fall and the opposite changes occur in winter and spring, with the seasonal extremes in October/November and March/April, respectively. This is in line with the EKE generation by instability of the mean currents. The intra-annual sea level fluctuations and EKE manifest rich variability on quasi-biennial, interannual and decadal timescales. However, in contrast with the seasonal signal, the low-frequency variability does not match, implying different kinds of forcing, probably by local wind in the northern JES and by the transport variations in the Korea – Tsushima Strait (KTS) in the southern JES. Intra-annual simultaneous SLA reveal changing relationship with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO): both were in-phase in 1993–1994 and from late 2007 to 2013 and out-of-phase from 1997 to 2002, while there was no specific relationship in other times. However, the relationship of these SLA with the interannual KTS transport variation seems inconclusive.