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Journal articles on the topic 'Limb Unloading'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Budsberg, Steven C., Mary C. Verstraete, John Brown, and Lynn Reece. "Vertical loading rates in clinically normal dogs at a trot." American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, no. 10 (1995): 1275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1995.56.10.1275.

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SUMMARY Present data describe the rates of vertical loading and unloading generated by clinically normal dogs in a trotting gait. Forward velocity was found to influence maximal rates of limb loading and unloading in forelimbs and hind limbs. The rates increased as the velocity of the dog/handler increased. The position of maximal limb loading during the stance phase was independent of velocity in the forelimbs, but in the hind limbs, as velocity increased, the position of maximal unloading occurred earlier in the stance phase. Within velocity groups, the forelimbs had greater rates of vertica

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2

Rodionova, N., and V. Oganov. "Peculiarity of Ultrastructure and 45Ca Methabolism of Osteoclasts in Conditions of Hind Limb Unloading and Microgravity." Vestnik Zoologii 43, no. 4 (2009): e-1-e-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-009-0013-y.

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Peculiarity of Ultrastructure and45Ca Methabolism of Osteoclasts in Conditions of Hind Limb Unloading and MicrogravityUsing methods of electron microscopy, morphometry and cytochemistry the peculiarities of ultrastructure of osteoclasts and resorptive processes of the mineralized matrix in spongy bone of the rat femoral bone metaphyses following the experimental hind limb unloading model (28 days), as well as in rats exposed on American Space Station SLS—2 (2 weeks) were studied. The methods of light and electron microscopy radioautography45Ca were used in the experiment of hind limbs unloadin

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3

Tousen, Yuko, Takashi Kondo, Tsuyoshi Chiba, and Yoshiko Ishimi. "Green Tea Catechin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Prevents Bone Loss in Hindlimb-Unloading Mice." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab033_059.

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Abstract Objectives Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly characterized by bone loss and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue and associated with an increased risk of fracture. Prolonged bed rest, or physical inactivity during space flight causes rapid and marked bone loss. The effects of catechin, the main ingredient of Japanese green tea, on the bone are currently under study. It has been shown that green tea catechin modulates bone resorption in osteoclasts. However, there is no evidence supporting its inhibitory effect on bone loss during physical inactivity. In

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Liu, Jianbo, Robert M. Dyer, Nagaraj K. Neerchal, Uri Tasch, and Parimal G. Rajkondawar. "Diversity in the magnitude of hind limb unloading occurs with similar forms of lameness in dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 2 (2011): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029911000057.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship of veterinary clinical assessments of lameness to probability estimates of lameness predicted from vertical kinetic measures. We hypothesized that algorithm-derived probability estimates of lameness would accurately reflect vertical measures in lame limbs even though vertical changes may not inevitably occur in all lameness. Kinetic data were collected from sound (n=179) and unilaterally lame (n=167) dairy cattle with a 1-dimensional, parallel force plate system that registered vertical ground reaction force signatures of all four lim

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5

Jaspers, S. R., J. M. Fagan, and M. E. Tischler. "Biochemical response to chronic shortening in unloaded soleus muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 4 (1985): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.4.1159.

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One leg of tail-casted suspended rats was immobilized in a plantar-flexed position to test whether chronic shortening of posterior leg muscles affected the metabolic response to unloading. The immobilized plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles of these animals showed approximately 20% loss of muscle mass in contrast to simply a slower growth rate with unloading. Loss of mass of the soleus muscle during suspension was not accentuated by chronic shortening. Although protein degradation in the isolated soleus muscle of the plantar-flexed limb was slightly faster than in the contralateral free limb,

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Friedman, Michael A., Yue Zhang, Jennifer S. Wayne, Charles R. Farber, and Henry J. Donahue. "Single limb immobilization model for bone loss from unloading." Journal of Biomechanics 83 (January 2019): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.11.049.

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7

Griffis, Bruce, Stacia B. Moffett, and Robin L. Cooper. "Muscle phenotype remains unaltered after limb autotomy and unloading." Journal of Experimental Zoology 289, no. 1 (2001): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-010x(20010101/31)289:1<10::aid-jez2>3.0.co;2-r.

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Nashed, Joseph Y., Isaac L. Kurtzer, and Stephen H. Scott. "Context-dependent inhibition of unloaded muscles during the long-latency epoch." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 1 (2015): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00339.2014.

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A number of studies have highlighted the sophistication of corrective responses in lengthened muscles during the long-latency epoch. However, in various contexts, unloading can occur, which requires corrective actions from a shortened muscle. Here, we investigate the sophistication of inhibitory responses in shortened muscles due to unloading. Our first experiment quantified the inhibitory responses following an unloading torque that displaced the hand either into or away from a peripheral target. We observed larger long-latency inhibitory responses when perturbed into the peripheral target co

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Brommer, Harold, Wim Back, Henk C. Schamhardt, Astrid B. M. Rijkenhuizen, and Ab Barneveld. "In vitro determination of equine third metacarpal bone unloading, using a full limb cast and a walking cast." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 9 (1996): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.09.1386.

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Abstract Objective To improve fracture treatment, in vitro experiments were performed to study the influence of a full limb cast and a walking cast on the loading regimen of bones in the distal portion of the equine forelimb. Animals 6 forelimbs of 6 Shetland ponies. Procedure Loading of the third metacarpal bone was considered a representative measure for distal limb loading. Electrical resistance rosette strain gauges were attached to the dorsal, palmar, medial, and lateral surfaces of the midshaft of this bone in 6 forelimbs of 6 Shetland ponies. The limbs were tested in a pneumatic loading

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10

Berg, H. E., G. A. Dudley, T. Haggmark, H. Ohlsen, and P. A. Tesch. "Effects of lower limb unloading on skeletal muscle mass and function in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 4 (1991): 1882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.4.1882.

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A model to simulate effects of microgravity on skeletal muscle mass and function in humans has been developed. Unilateral lower limb unloading that allowed ankle, knee, and hip joint mobility was conducted in six healthy men by suspending one lower limb and having the subjects walk on crutches. They performed maximal unilateral concentric or eccentric quadriceps actions at different angular velocities before and after 4 wk of suspension and after 4 days and after 7 wk of uncontrolled recovery. Peak torque (PT) and angle-specific torque (AST) were measured. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and

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11

Válková, Lenka, Eva Voslářová, Martin Hostovský, et al. "The impact of traumatic limb injuries resulting from operations related to transport for slaughter on biochemical indices in end-of-lay hens." Acta Veterinaria Brno 92, no. 1 (2023): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010089.

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The study focused on the welfare of end-of-lay hens during their transportation for slaughter from the viewpoint of the stress load on hens resulting from unsatisfactory treatment that leads to traumatic injury to the limbs of hens detected during the veterinary examination of hens at the slaughterhouse. Blood samples were taken during bleeding after slaughter at the slaughterhouse for the determination of corticosterone and other biochemical indices from 35 hens with traumatic limb injuries and 35 hens without traumatic limb injuries. The stress load during the transportation of hens for slau

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12

Jang, Tae Young, Min-Jeong Heo, Ah-Yeoun Jung, and Young Hyo Kim. "Prolonged Anti-Orthostatic Hind Limb Unloading and Murine Allergic Asthma." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 86, no. 9 (2015): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.4265.2015.

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13

Matsumoto, Yu, Yuko Tousen та Yoshiko Ishimi. "β-Carotene prevents bone loss in hind limb unloading mice". Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 63, № 1 (2018): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.17-86.

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14

Kim, Ju-O., Sang-Moon Yoo, Han-Ki Lim, and Seung-Jun Choi. "Comparison of the Unloading Effect of the Lower Limb Casts." Journal of the Korean Society of Fractures 14, no. 4 (2001): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.4.623.

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15

Sharlo, K. A., I. D. Lvova, S. A. Tyganov, D. A. Sidorenko, and B. S. Shenkman. "Role of L-Type Calcium Channels in the Increased Fatigue of Rat Soleus Muscle under Functional Unloading." Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова 109, no. 4 (2023): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086981392304009x.

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Excessive long-term accumulation of calcium ions in the myoplasm of skeletal muscles can negatively affect mitochondria and lead to muscle dysfunction. The aim of our study was to identify the role of L-type calcium channels in the development of increased fatigue rat soleus muscle under functional unloading. Young male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 8 animals each: the vivarium control group (C), the group subjected to hind limb unloading for 7 days (7HS) and the group with 7 days of hindlimb unloading with daily intraperitoneal injections of nifedipine (7 mg/kg body weight). T

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Lepley, Adam S., and Christopher M. Kuenze. "Hip and Knee Kinematics and Kinetics During Landing Tasks After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 2 (2018): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-334-16.

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Objective: To evaluate the current evidence concerning kinematic and kinetic strategies adopted during dynamic landing tasks by patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science. Study Selection: Original research articles that evaluated kinematics or kinetics (or both) during a landing task in those with a history of ACLR were included. Data Extraction: Methodologic quality was assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Means and standard deviations for knee or hip (or both) kinematics and kinetics were used to calculate Cohen d e

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Kasper, Christine E., and Lin Xun. "Expression of Titin in Skeletal Muscle Varies with Hind-Limb Unloading." Biological Research For Nursing 2, no. 2 (2000): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040000200204.

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The effects of prolonged hind-limb unloading on titin antibody localization and expression of titin isozymes of single fibers from the synergistic slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch plantaris (PLN) of adult rats were studied after 14 and 28 days of hind-limb unloading (HU). Titin antibody localization and expression was not altered at 14 days of HU. However, there was a 4% loss in antibody to Z-band distance (Ab-Z) in the SOL and an increase of 8% in PLN Ab-Z after 28 days of HU. The titin and myosin heavy chain composition of single fibers and small bundles of fibers from control and un

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18

Ijaz, Madiha, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad M. Akram, Steven M. Thygerson, Falaq Ali Nadeem, and Waheed Ullah Khan. "Cross-Sectional Survey of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers Practicing Traditional Methods of Underground Coal Mining." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (2020): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072566.

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Background: In subcontinental underground mines, coal mining is carried out manually and requires many laborers to practice traditional means of coal excavation. Each task of this occupation disturbs workers’ musculoskeletal order. In order to propose and practice possible ergonomic interventions, it is necessary to know what tasks (drilling and blasting, coal cutting, dumping, transporting, timbering and supporting, loading and unloading) cause disorder in either upper limbs, lower limbs, or both. Methods: To this end, R-programming, version R 3.1.2 and SPSS, software 20, were used to calcula

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19

Kabbaligere, Rakshatha, and Charles S. Layne. "Adaptation in Gait to Body-Weight Unloading." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (2019): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214494.

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Modifications in load-related sensory input during unloaded walking can lead to recalibration of the body schema and result in aftereffects. The main objective of this study was to identify the adaptive changes in gait and body-weight perception produced by unloaded walking. Gait performance during treadmill walking was assessed in 12 young participants before and after 30 min of unloaded walking (38% body weight) by measuring lower limb kinematics, temporal gait measures, and electromyography (EMG). A customized weight-perception scale was used to assess perception of body weight. Participant

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20

Deschenes, Michael R., Jennifer A. Giles, Raymond W. McCoy, Jeff S. Volek, Ana L. Gomez, and William J. Kraemer. "Neural factors account for strength decrements observed after short-term muscle unloading." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 282, no. 2 (2002): R578—R583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00386.2001.

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Strength decrements observed after extended (4–6 wk) periods of muscle unloading are associated with significant atrophy. Because early (up to 2 wk) strength gains from resistance exercise are related to improved neural recruitment, we hypothesized that the loss of strength resulting from 2 wk of muscle unloading [unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS)] was due to impaired neural activation of the affected muscle. Blood samples, muscle biopsy specimens, muscle function data, and electromyography (EMG) recordings were analyzed before and after 14 days of muscle unloading. Pre- to postunloading

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21

Sinha, Usha, Vadim Malis, Robert Csapo, Marco Narici, and Shantanu Sinha. "Magnetic resonance imaging based muscle strain rate mapping during eccentric contraction to study effects of unloading induced by unilateral limb suspension." European Journal of Translational Myology 30, no. 1 (2020): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8935.

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Age- and disuse- related loss of muscle force is disproportionately larger than the loss of muscle mass. Earlier studies reported that comparing concentric and eccentric contractions, there is a significant age-related decrease in force only in concentric contractions. Magnetic Resonance Imaging enables mapping of muscle deformation and has been used to study isometric but not eccentric contractions. We report MRI based strain rate mapping of the medial gastrocnemius in subjects pre- and post-unloading induced by Unilateral Limb Suspension. In contrast to isometric contraction, no difference i

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22

Stein, T. Peter, Margaret D. Schluter, Anthony T. Galante, et al. "Effect of hind limb muscle unloading on liver metabolism of rats." Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 16, no. 1 (2005): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.07.003.

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23

Trevino, Michelle B., Xiaolei Zhang, Robert A. Standley, et al. "Loss of mitochondrial energetics is associated with poor recovery of muscle function but not mass following disuse atrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 317, no. 5 (2019): E899—E910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2019.

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Skeletal muscle atrophy is a clinically important outcome of disuse because of injury, immobilization, or bed rest. Disuse atrophy is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, which likely contributes to activation of the muscle atrophy program. However, the linkage of muscle mass and mitochondrial energetics during disuse atrophy and its recovery is incompletely understood. Transcriptomic analysis of muscle biopsies from healthy older adults subject to complete bed rest revealed marked inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolic pathways. To determine the temporal sequence of muscle atrophy

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Skvortsov, Dmitry, Sergey Kaurkin, Alexey Prizov, Aljona Altukhova, Alexander Troitskiy, and Fedor Lazko. "Biomechanical Changes in Gait Patterns of Patients with Grade II Medial Gonarthritis." Diagnostics 11, no. 7 (2021): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071242.

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Deforming osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a progressive disease associated with pain and compromised function of the joint. Typical biomechanical modifications in the gait of subjects with medial knee OA are characterized by decreased gait speed and overload on the affected limb. The borderline stage for conservative versus surgical management is Grade II OA. The aim of this research was to study preoperatively the specific features of gait, knee, and hip function in patients with Grade II medial OA. We examined 26 patients with Grade II unilateral gonarthritis with varus deformity and 20 h

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Siu, Parco M., Emidio E. Pistilli, David C. Butler, and Stephen E. Alway. "Aging influences cellular and molecular responses of apoptosis to skeletal muscle unloading." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 288, no. 2 (2005): C338—C349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2004.

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The influence of aging on skeletal myocyte apoptosis is not well understood. In this study we examined apoptosis and apoptotic regulatory factor responses to muscle atrophy induced via limb unloading following loading-induced hypertrophy. Muscle hypertrophy was induced by attaching a weight to one wing of young and aged Japanese quails for 14 days. Removing the weight for 7 or 14 days after the initial 14 days of loading induced muscle atrophy. The contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. A time-released bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pellet was implanted subcutaneously with wing weigh

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Schepens, Bénédicte, and Trevor Drew. "Strategies for the Integration of Posture and Movement During Reaching in the Cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 5 (2003): 3066–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00339.2003.

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We have examined the relationship between the movement and the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) that precede that movement during a reaching task in the cat. We recorded ground reaction forces in all 3 planes from all 4 limbs as well as electromyographic (EMG) activity from limb and axial muscles. The reaching movement was always preceded by an APA that was characterized by a loading of the reaching forelimb and an unloading of the support forelimb. This loading of the reaching forelimb was preceded, and accompanied, by increased activity in shoulder and limb extensor muscles of the re

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Uellendahl, Anja, Johannes P. Schramel, Alexander Tichy, and Christian Peham. "Monitoring of Non-Lame Horses and Horses with Unilateral Hindlimb Lameness at Rest with the Aid of Accelerometers." Sensors 24, no. 22 (2024): 7203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24227203.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether horses exhibiting unilateral hindlimb lameness unload (rest) the lame limb more than the contralateral limb. The resting/unloading of the hindlimbs and the time spent lying down were measured using accelerometers. Ten non-lame horses and 20 lame horses were recruited for participation and monitored for 11 h overnight with accelerometers (MSR145, sampling rate: 1 Hz, and measuring range: ±15 g) attached to the lateral metatarsal and metacarpal regions of each limb. Metatarsal and metacarpal orientation were used to determine whether the limb was un

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Ohira, Motoko, Hagino Hanada, Fuminori Kawano, Akihiko Ishihara, Ikuya Nonaka, and Yoshinobu Ohira. "Regulation of the Properties of Rat Hind Limb Muscles Following Gravitational Unloading." Japanese Journal of Physiology 52, no. 3 (2002): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.52.235.

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29

Bade, Michael J., Jaclyn E. Balter, Laurel R. Kramer, Wendy M. Kohrt, and Jennifer E. Stevens-Lapsley. "Relationship Between Limb Unloading And Quadriceps Strength Loss After Total Knee Arthroplasty." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000354872.33333.79.

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30

Saita, Y., T. Nakamura, F. Mizoguchi, et al. "Combinatory Effects of Androgen Receptor Deficiency and Hind Limb Unloading on Bone." Hormone and Metabolic Research 41, no. 11 (2009): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1231056.

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31

LAWLER, JOHN M., HYO-BUM KWAK, JONG-HEE KIM, YANG LEE, JEFFREY M. HORD, and DANIEL A. MARTINEZ. "Biphasic Stress Response in the Soleus during Reloading after Hind Limb Unloading." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 44, no. 4 (2012): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31823ab37a.

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32

Serrao, M., E. Spaich, and O. Kæseler Andersen. "P23.20 Modulation of the lower limb nociceptive withdrawal reflex by bodyweight unloading." Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (June 2011): S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60606-8.

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33

Solopova, Irina A., Victor A. Selionov, Egor O. Blinov, et al. "Higher Responsiveness of Pattern Generation Circuitry to Sensory Stimulation in Healthy Humans Is Associated with a Larger HoffmannReflex." Biology 11, no. 5 (2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050707.

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The state and excitability of pattern generators are attracting the increasing interest of neurophysiologists and clinicians for understanding the mechanisms of the rhythmogenesis and neuromodulation of the human spinal cord. It has been previously shown that tonic sensory stimulation can elicit non-voluntary stepping-like movements in non-injured subjects when their limbs were placed in a gravity-neutral unloading apparatus. However, large individual differences in responsiveness to such stimuli were observed, so that the effects of sensory neuromodulation manifest only in some of the subject

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Ibragimov, Ravshanbek. "Comparative analysis of the treatment of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: Results of Tunneling with SVF + PRP Therapy and Bone Marrow Aspirate." Traumatology and Orthopаedics of Kazakhstan 75, no. 4 (2024): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.52889/1684-9280-2024-4-75-12-18.

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Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANGBC) is a rapidly progressive disease of the hip joint, often leading to deforming arthrosis, especially in young patients. The frequency of ANGBC varies from 1.2% to 12%. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tunneling with the introduction of SVF+PRP therapy, bone marrow aspirate from the iliac wing and PRP therapy into the necrosis site, followed by conservative and rehabilitative treatment, unloading of the limb in aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. Methods. The study included 153 adult patients who were treated by tunneling wi

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Budsberg, Steven C., Jonathan N. Chambers, Stephen L. Van Lue, Tim L. Foutz, and Lynn Reece. "Prospective evaluation of ground reaction forces in dogs undergoing unilateral total hip replacement." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 12 (1996): 1781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.12.1781.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate clinical and biomechanical gait variables in a group of dogs before and after (for 1 year) total hip replacement. Animals 16 dogs with degenerative joint disease of the coxofemoral joint secondary to hip dysplasia deemed candidates for total hip replacement. Procedure Before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, each dog was trotted over a biomechanical force platform. Vertical force data evaluated for each stance phase of the treated and untreated hind limbs included peak force, impulse, and limb loading and unloading rates. Vertical peak and impulse data

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Mañas-García, Laura, Antonio Penedo-Vázquez, Adrián López-Postigo, Jorieke Deschrevel, Xavier Durán, and Esther Barreiro. "Prolonged Immobilization Exacerbates the Loss of Muscle Mass and Function Induced by Cancer-Associated Cachexia through Enhanced Proteolysis in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218167.

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We hypothesized that in mice with lung cancer (LC)-induced cachexia, periods of immobilization of the hindlimb (7 and 15 days) may further aggravate the process of muscle mass loss and function. Mice were divided into seven groups (n = 10/group): (1) non-immobilized control mice, (2) 7-day unloaded mice (7-day I), (3) 15-day unloaded mice (15-day I), (4) 21-day LC-cachexia group (LC 21-days), (5) 30-day LC-cachexia group (LC 30-days), (6) 21-day LC-cachexia group besides 7 days of unloading (LC 21-days + 7-day I), (7) 30-day LC-cachexia group besides 15 days of unloading (LC 30-days + 15-day I

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Sharlo, Kristina, Inna Paramonova, Olga Turtikova, Sergey Tyganov, and Boris Shenkman. "Plantar mechanical stimulation prevents calcineurin-NFATc1 inactivation and slow-to-fast fiber type shift in rat soleus muscle under hindlimb unloading." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 6 (2019): 1769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00029.2019.

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The prevailing myosin isoform [myosin heavy chain (MyHC)] in a skeletal muscle determines contractile properties of the muscle. Under actual or simulated microgravity conditions such as human bed rest or rat hindlimb unloading, decrease in expression of MyHC of the slow type [MyHC I(β)] has been observed. It was demonstrated that increasing sensory input by performing plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) on the soles of the feet results in an increase in neuromuscular activation of the lower limb muscles and may prevent slow-to-fast fiber type shift. The calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated

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Solopova, Irina A., Victor A. Selionov, Irina Y. Dolinskaya, Germana Cappellini, and Yury Ivanenko. "Differential Effects of Low-Frequency TMS of the Motor Cortex on Voluntary and Non-Voluntary Rhythmic Arm Movements." Applied Sciences 15, no. 12 (2025): 6413. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126413.

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Given the cervical spinal cord’s role in locomotor and rhythmic upper limb tasks, its neuromodulation has emerged as an important area of study for understanding human spinal rhythmogenesis. We previously demonstrated that, under unloading conditions, arm muscle vibrostimulation can elicit non-voluntary upper limb oscillations. In this study, we investigated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex during both voluntary and non-voluntary (vibration-induced) rhythmic arm movements. We analyzed motor-evoked potentials, mean arm muscle activity, and kinematic par

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Malaya, Christopher A., Pranav J. Parikh, Dean L. Smith, and Charles S. Layne. "Effects of Simulated Hyper-Gravity on Lower Limb Kinematics and Electromyography During Walking." Biomechanics 5, no. 2 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics5020031.

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Background: Gravity profoundly influences human locomotion. Studies examining the effects of hyper-gravity on gait have largely relied on added external mass, potentially confounding results with changes in inertia and center of mass. This study attempted to isolate the effects of increased gravitational load on kinematics and electromyography during walking at several different levels of load. Methods: Fifteen healthy adults were exposed to simulated gravitational loads ranging from 100% to 130% of body weight using a novel harness and spring-based system that increased weight without the add

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Peurière, Laura, Carmelo Mastrandrea, Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust, and Laurence Vico. "Thermoneutral temperature mitigates hind-limb unloading-induced bone loss by preserving energetic metabolism." Bone Reports 13 (October 2020): 100688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100688.

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Monahan, Kevin D. "Letter to the editor: “Does baroreflex unloading decrease limb venous compliance in women?”." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, no. 2 (2009): H534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01183.2008.

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Fedyanin, Artur, Anton Eremeev, Tatiana Baltina, and Igor Lavrov. "Influence of Gravitational Unloading on Titin’s Structure in the Rat Hind Limb Muscles." BioNanoScience 7, no. 2 (2016): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-016-0360-4.

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Ishijima, Muneaki, Kunikazu Tsuji, Susan R. Rittling, et al. "Osteopontin is required for mechanical stress-dependent signals to bone marrow cells." Journal of Endocrinology 193, no. 2 (2007): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06704.

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Mechanical stress to bone plays a crucial role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. It causes the deformation of bone matrix and generates strain force, which could initiate the mechano-transduction pathway. The presence of osteopontin (OPN), which is one of the abundant proteins in bone matrix, is required for the effects of mechanical stress on bone, as we have reported that OPN-null (OPN−/−) mice showed resistance to unloading-induced bone loss. However, cellular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon have not been completely elucidated. To obtain further insight into the role of OPN in me

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Ugbolue, Ukadike C., Emma L. Yates, Kerensa Ferguson, et al. "Electromyographic Assessment of the Lower Leg Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Phases of Standing Heel Raise." Healthcare 9, no. 4 (2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040465.

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Only a small number of muscle activation patterns from lower limbs have been reported and simultaneous muscle activation from several lower limb muscles have not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine any gender differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity from six recorded lower limb muscles of the dominant limb at baseline (i.e., with the foot placed flat on the floor and in the neutral position), and during concentric and eccentric phases when performing a heel raise task. In total, 10 females and 10 males performed a standing heel raise task comprising of

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Djurabayevich, Khalimov R. "Digital Analysis in Hip Circulation and Biomechanical Changes in The Lower Limb in Perthes' Disease." Journal of Social Problems Research 1, no. 2 (2022): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jspr.010201.

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Worldwide, the treatment of Perthes' disease in children and adolescents is a complex and unresolved problem. This is a common pathology that, with timely detection and proper therapy, is successfully treated, but in their absence can provoke the development of severe complications and cause early disability. Improving the results of treatment and rehabilitation of children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Our research is based on archival data and on survey observation using digitalization, the total number of patients is 150 children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease on inpatient treatment at

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Ridgel, Angela L., S. Faith Frazier, Ralph A. Dicaprio, and Sasha N. Zill. "Active Signaling of Leg Loading and Unloading in the Cockroach." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1432.

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Active signaling of leg loading and unloading in the cockroach. The ability to detect changes in load is important for effective use of a leg in posture and locomotion. While a number of limb receptors have been shown to encode increases in load, few afferents have been demonstrated to signal leg unloading, which occurs cyclically during walking and is indicative of slipping or perturbations. We applied mechanical forces to the cockroach leg at controlled rates and recorded activities of the tibial group of campaniform sensilla, mechanoreceptors that encode forces through the strains they prod

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Butler, Jane E., D. K. McKenzie, A. R. Glanville, and S. C. Gandevia. "Pulmonary Afferents Are Not Necessary for the Reflex Inhibition of Human Inspiratory Muscles Produced by Airway Occlusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 1 (1997): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.170.

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Butler, Jane E., D. K. McKenzie, A. R. Glanville, and S. C. Gandevia. Pulmonary afferents are not necessary for the reflex inhibition of human inspiratory muscles produced by airway occlusion. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 170–176, 1997. In contrast to limb muscles, the usual response of human inspiratory muscles to sudden loading consists of an initial marked reduction of electromyographic activity (EMG) followed by a subsequent increase in EMG. To determine definitively whether pulmonary receptors are necessary for this short-latency reflex inhibition produced by airway occlusion, we studied five sub

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Grichko, Varvara P., Anne Heywood-Cooksey, Kameha R. Kidd, and Robert H. Fitts. "Substrate profile in rat soleus muscle fibers after hindlimb unloading and fatigue." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 2 (2000): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.473.

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Limb muscles from rats flown in space and after hindlimb unloading (HU) show an increased fatigability, and spaceflight has been shown to result in a reduced ability to oxidize fatty acids. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of HU on the substrate content in fast- and slow-twitch fibers and to assess the substrate utilization patterns in single slow type I fibers isolated from control and HU animals. A second objective was to assess whether HU altered the ability of the heart or limb muscle to oxidize pyruvate or palmitate. After 2 wk of HU, single fibers were isola

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Li, Bing, Jie Zhao, Jianxiong Ma, et al. "Cross‐talk Between Histone and DNA Methylation Mediates Bone Loss in Hind Limb Unloading." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 36, no. 5 (2021): 956–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4253.

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Katayama, Keisho, Kohei Sato, Norio Hotta, et al. "Effect of intensive interval cycling training during unilateral lower limb unloading on aerobic capacity." Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 57, no. 1 (2008): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.57.84.

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