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Journal articles on the topic 'Lime mortars'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Copsey, Nigel. "LIKE-FOR-LIKE AND COMPATIBLE MORTARS FOR THE REPAIR OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1017-2020.

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Abstract. The subject of this paper is traditional mortar preparation and materials, particularly earth-lime and air or feebly hydraulic hot mixed lime mortars with particular emphasis upon British practice and experience, whilst stressing their international ubiquity historically. It will demonstrate their appropriate functional performance and attest to the need to use similar mortars, similarly composed and prepared, in the repair and conservation of traditionally constructed buildings. It will question how commonly modern Natural Hydraulic Limes may be considered to be like-for-like or of

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2

Malathy, Ramalingam, Ragav Shanmugam, Ill-Min Chung, Seung-Hyun Kim, and Mayakrishnan Prabakaran. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Composite Mortars with Lime, Silica Fume and Rice Husk Ash." Processes 10, no. 7 (2022): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071424.

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A mixture of hydraulic lime and pozzolanic material can be used as a binder in making concrete and mortar for energy-efficient construction purposes. Generally, lime possesses lower strength and higher setting time. By introducing pozzolans in the lime mortar, their cementitious properties could be increased and could compete with the cement mortars. The use of pozzolan-lime binder in mortar reduces the utilisation of cement, and hence reduces the environmental problem originating from cement production. This study mainly deals with the mechanical and microstructural properties of lime and lim

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3

Pahlavan, Parsa. "Impact of Natural Fiber and Fatty Acid Organic Additives on the Permeability of Lime Mortars for Architectural Conservation." Journal of Building Material Science 7, no. 1 (2025): 20–29. https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v7i1.8084.

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Lime mortars have a rich history of being blended with organic additives to address weaknesses such as low setting time and hydric properties. This study specifically investigates the impact of incorporating straw and sesame oil into lime mortar mixes, focusing on their influence on open porosity, permeability, water absorption, and durability. While previous studies explored the effects of natural fibers and fatty acid additives on lime mortars separately, this study examines their simultaneous incorporation in mortars. The results demonstrated that the simultaneous addition of sesame oil and

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4

Strandberg-de Bruijn, Paulien, and Kristin Balksten. "Material properties of building limes for pointing mortar for renovation and restoration of neo-Gothic churches in Sweden." MATEC Web of Conferences 403 (2024): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440302010.

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During the neo-Gothic period of the 18th and 19th century, many churches in Sweden were built in brick and natural stone with a traditional lime-based mortar. Moisture- and salt related problems were common in these church buildings, already a few years after they were erected durability problems arose. Examples of these durability problems were internal salt precipitation, leaching of lime-based mortar and other moisture-related deterioration of mortar joints. When these neo-Gothic churches are repointed, this should be done with appropriate traditional lime mortars. However, since the introd

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5

Kilumile, Menard, Marilda Barra, Fatma Mohamed, and Diego Aponte. "Use of Recycled Aggregates in Lime Mortars for Conservation of Historical Buildings." Construction Materials 5, no. 2 (2025): 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater5020028.

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The use of recycled burnt clay brick sand (RBS) and recycled concrete sand (RCS) in historical lime-based repair mortars can reduce the environmental impact caused by construction and demolition waste disposal. This study examined the use of fine recycled concrete and recycled brick aggregates for the production of historical repair mortars using hydraulic lime binder and the influence of the resulting mortars on the performance of historical buildings in reduced scale walls (stacks). Natural-river-sand mortar (NSM) was used as control. Results showed that the recycled-burnt-brick-sand mortar

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6

Vyšvařil, Martin, Tomáš Žižlavský, and Patrik Bayer. "Influence of the Aggregate Type on the Properties of Dolomitic Lime-Based Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.343.

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Considering the requirement of numerous restoration work on historical buildings with dolomitic lime-based mortars, a research of the applicability and suitability of various types of plasters for repairing the historical plasters have been developed. This work presents the applicability of limestone aggregate and limestone fines to dolomitic lime-based mortars. The role of aggregates on the properties of dolomitic lime mortars was examined by comparing pure quartz sand and limestone aggregate and its quantity in the mortar. Limestone aggregate and limestone fines accelerated the carbonation r

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7

Andrejkovičová, S., E. Ferraz, A. L. Velosa, A. S. Silva, and F. Rocha. "Fine sepiolite addition to air lime-metakaolin mortars." Clay Minerals 46, no. 4 (2011): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.4.621.

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AbstractLime-based mortars with admixtures of metakaolin (10, 20 and 30 wt.%) and fine sepiolite (5 wt.%) were prepared with the aim of facilitating their use as repair mortars in low-humidity conditions. The mechanical properties and the dynamic modulus of elasticity were studied after 28, 90 and 180 days of curing. With an increasing amount of metakaolin in lime mortars, improved mechanical strength was observed mainly after 90 days. Addition of fine sepiolite, due to its adsorption properties for storing water for later supply to the mortar system and its microfibrous morphology, led to an

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8

Vyšvařil, Martin, Tomáš Žižlavský, and Patrik Bayer. "The Effect of Aggregate Type on the Properties of Lime Mortars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.141.

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Lime mortars represent indispensable building materials that have been used for centuries in civil engineering. Considering the necessity of numerous restoration work on historical buildings, a research of the applicability and suitability of various types of plasters for repairing the historical plasters has been developed. This work presents the applicability of limestone aggregate and limestone fines to aerial lime-based mortars. The role of aggregates on the properties of lime mortars is examined in this paper by comparing pure quartz sand and limestone aggregate and its quantity in the mo

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9

Hunge, Pratik, Priya Somkuwar, Suyog Gabhane, Rohit Sitapure, and Dr Tushar Shende. "Experimental Investigation on Masonry Mortar by Using Waste Material." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem39245.

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This study examines the viability of blended lime-cement mortars as an alternative to blended lime-natural hydraulic lime mortars in restoration projects, given the limited availability of natural hydraulic lime in many regions compared to cement. The research emphasizes the pore structure of both types of mortars and its impact on water transport properties, early mechanical strength, and compatibility risks. The effects of binder type, binder composition, and binder-to-aggregate ratios on pore structure were analyzed. Cement was found to have a more pronounced influence on the mechanical and

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10

Su-Cadirci, Tugce Busra, Vahiddin Alperen Baki, Omer Dabanli, Juliana Calabria-Holley, and Richard J. Ball. "Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics on the Mechanical Strength and Pore Structure of Air Lime Mortars with Isparta Tuff and Banahmeta Additives." MATEC Web of Conferences 403 (2024): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440302005.

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The physical and chemical interactions between the lime and pozzolans in conservation mortars are fundamental to sustainable building practices. Here, we report experimental investigations on pure air lime mortar, air lime-isparta tuff mortar, and air lime-banahmeta mortar. Isparta Tuff is formed from volcanic rocks found in the Southwest between Isparta and Burdur city centres in Anatolia, belonging to the Gölcük volcanism. The microstructural and physiochemical interactions of these mixed designs were investigated. Importantly, this study quantifies critical performance parameters of air lim

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11

Palacios, Javier, Tito Castillo, Marcel Paredes, and Oscar Paredes. "Mortar for 3D printers using river sand, Portland cement and hydraulic lime." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 29, no. 4 (2020): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.34.

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The 3D printing is a construction technology that uses mortar to make elements and structures. In this research, four types of mortar were elaborated using Portland cement types I and HE, adding hydraulic lime. Mortars with cement types I and HE without hydraulic lime presented higher resistance to compression than mortars made with lime. The four mortars had an adequate resistance to compression and features that are suitable for use in 3D printers.

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12

Vyšvařil, Martin, Michaela Hegrová, and Tomáš Žižlavský. "Influence of Cellulose Ethers on Fresh State Properties of Lime Mortars." Solid State Phenomena 276 (June 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.276.69.

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Cellulose ethers (CEs) are widely used as viscosity enhancing, water retaining additives in cement based mortars. Nevertheless, studies about the effect of cellulose ethers on the properties of aerial lime-based mortars are very lack. The use of water retaining additives in lime mortars can influence not only their fresh state properties but also the pore structure and strength of hardened mortars. In this work, four different commercial cellulose ethers were added to lime mortars in order to test their influence on properties of mortars in the fresh state. Mortar rheological parameters (relat

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13

MacDougall, Colin, and Stephen Vardy. "MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF LIME-CEMENT MORTAR FOR STRAW-BALE CONSTRUCTION." Journal of Green Building 9, no. 3 (2014): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.3.100.

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Experimental data describing the mechanical performance of Portland cement- hydrated lime mortars used for straw bale construction is presented. Straw bale construction uses stacked straw bales plastered on each side to form load-bearing elements. Mortars used have slumps of approximately 50 mm, compared to slumps up to 279 mm for conventional masonry mortars. Cylinder and cube tests of a range of typical straw bale mortar mixes were carried out. The mortars had compressive strengths ranging between 0.3 MPa and 13 MPa. Empirical equations describing the relationships between compressive streng

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14

Parra-Fernández, C., and M. J. Varas-Muriel. "Petrographic and petrophysical characterization of the main aerial and hydraulic mortars used in the construction and rehabilitation sectors." Materiales de Construcción 75, no. 357 (2025): e367. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2025.379124.

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Petrographic and petrophysical characterization of aerial and hydraulic mortars allows their differentiation and the establishment of their most suitable applications. Natural, aerial or hydraulic lime mortars as well as artificial cements mortars present different physical properties. It shall be noted that physical characteristics, which depend on petrographic characteristics, impact on its mechanical properties. Therefore, this comparative study with standardised techniques and tests, has analysed these mortars from a petrographic, petrophysical and mechanical point of view. The chemical pr

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15

Vyšvařil, Martin, Patrik Bayer, and Pavla Rovnaníková. "Use of Lava Sand as an Alternative to Standard Quartz Aggregate in Lime Mortars." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.73.

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In this study, the utilization of lava sand as an aggregate in lime mortars, cement-lime mortars and natural hydraulic lime mortars has been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare some physico-mechanical and microstructural properties of lava sand mortars with reference mortars with pure quartz sand. Compressive and flexural strengths were tested at mortar age of 28, 56 and 90 days. The results revealed improved flexural strengths of mortars with lava sand despite the fact that the mortars showed higher open porosity and water absorption than those with quartz aggregate. This fact p

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16

Krejsová, Jitka, and Magdaléna Doleželová. "RESISTANCE OF MORTARS WITH GYPSUM, LIME AND COMPOSITE BINDERS AGAINST MOLDS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 21 (March 21, 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.21.0016.

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Resistance of three mortars (the lime mortar, the gypsum mortar and the mortar with the composite binder) against molds was evaluated. Mortars were also compared according to their pH, bulk density, strength and porosity. Experiments showed that the lime mortar has the best resistance against molds and the lowest bending and compressive strength. The mortar with the composite binder has better mold resistance and higher bending and compressive strength than the gypsum mortar.

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17

Dorin, Popa, Prodan Doina, Varvara Simona, et al. "Properties Evolution of Some Hydraulic Mortars Incorporating Graphene Oxides." Buildings 12, no. 6 (2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060864.

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In this experimental study, the mechanical and adhesion properties of several hydraulic lime mortars incorporating graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials were evaluated. Four different composite mortar samples were prepared by adding different percentages of GO-based powders (functionalized), i.e., 1 wt.% GO, 5 wt.% GO, 5wt.% GO-Ag-GO-Fly ash, and 5 wt.% GO-ZnO-GO-TiO2 into the reference mortar sample. The mortar specimens were analyzed through mechanical tests, FT-IR, and SEM. The behavior of selected mortars exposed to chemical attacks was also investigated. The results indicate that the ad

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18

Janotova, D., and Z. Slizkova. "Lime-based mortars with various binder composition: characterization and freeze-thaw resistance assessment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1205, no. 1 (2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1205/1/012009.

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Abstract The study focused on lime mortars with different lime binder types regarding the frost attack effects on their microstructure and mechanical characteristics. The performances of studied mortars in hardened state was significantly influenced by the amount of mixing water and by curing conditions. Inhomogeneous microstructure was observed inside the 360 days old specimens with dimensions 40 × 40 × 160 mm in the case of all lime mortars types. The different state of the binder hardening with respect to various distances from the specimen surface and the different behaviour of matured out

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19

Vyšvařil, Martin, Libor Topolář, and Richard Dvořák. "Acoustic insulation properties of lime mortars with natural lightweight aggregate." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202075.

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Porous pozzolan-active aggregate can be used to prepare lightweight lime mortars with high ability to salt accumulation from masonry, enhanced strengths and improved their acoustic and thermal insulation properties, or fire resistance. In this study, the effect of 3 types of natural lightweight aggregate on acoustic insulation properties of air lime mortars, NHL mortars, and cement-lime mortars has been investigated. Measurements of the signal attenuation in the frequency range of 16 Hz to 16 kHz showed the appreciable effect of binder and aggregate used in the mortars. Pumiceous aggregate cau

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20

Seabra, M. P., Joao A. Labrincha, and Victor M. Ferreira. "Ageing Effect on Aerial Lime Mortars Rheology." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.872.

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One of the key characteristics of fresh mortars is their rheological behaviour since it determines the material workability and has a clear influence on the hardened product final properties. Indeed, mortars rheological properties are extremely important since several factors, related with placement, consolidation, durability and strength depend on the flow properties of the mortar paste. In this work, the effect of ageing time on the rheological properties of fresh aerial lime-based mortars was investigated. Mortars having a 1/3 binder/aggregate volume ratio were studied as a function of agei

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21

Garijo, L., X. X. Zhang, G. Ruiz, and J. J. Ortega. "THE INFLUENCE OF DOSAGE AND PRODUCTION PROCESS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR LIME MORTARS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-351-2020.

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Abstract. This paper studies the influence of five different factors affecting the dosage and production process of seven types of air lime mortars on their physical and mechanical properties. Such factors comprise the water/lime ratio, the aggregate type and size, the material of the mold and the curing conditions. Moreover, some physical and mechanical properties, not usually measured on air lime mortars, are obtained, such as open porosity, splitting tensile strength, fracture energy and elastic modulus measured through prisms. The results show that under the three different water/lime rati

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22

Özodabaş, Aylin. "Increasing the strength of alkali activated mortars prepared without cement by adding lime and crushed brick." Cement Wapno Beton 29, no. 3 (2024): 233–48. https://doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2024.29.3.5.

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Alkali-activated concretes, which aim to reduce cement, have received the most attention in recent years. By activating cementless geopolymer mortar samples with lime, blast furnace slag [BFS], fly ash [FA], crushed brick, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate, the study aims to produce more affordable and environmentally materials. Hydrated lime and crushed brick mortars, which have been utilized in ancient structures for thousands of years, have endured to the present day because of their toughness and appropriate construction techniques. However, the biggest disadvantage of ancient mortars

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23

Oliveira, Mateus Antônio Nogueira, and José Victor Brasil de Souza. "AERIAL LIME MORTARS: AN INTRODUCTION AND A BRIEF DISCUSSION." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (2022): 11692–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-216.

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In the history, different mortars compositions have been used during the ages in masonry structures. Lime was frequently adopted in the past. In summary, there are two main types of lime: hydraulic and non-hydraulic (aerial). The present review deals with the second type. Herein, the studied lime is specially obtained from the thermal decomposition, called calcination, of limestone (calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Aerial lime mortars have a complex structural behavior. Several aspects influence the material performance. It should be highlighted the carbonation process; it modifies the material prop

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Patrick Daliposa, Karl, and Luis Maria Bo-ot. "Effects of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Lime-Based Composites and their Compatibility with Traditional Lime-Based Mortars." MATEC Web of Conferences 403 (2024): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440302004.

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This study explored the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse fibers into lime mortars to potentially enhance the mechanical properties and durability of materials used in heritage structures made of unreinforced masonry. Assessment of the mixes and their compatibility with the traditional lime mortar mix used in conservation projects in the Philippines was also performed. Five (5) mortar specimen types containing different fiber content were prepared, each with twelve (12) samples. Flexural strength, compressive strength, ductility, and modulus of elasticity comprise the mechanical properties in

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Razali, Nadia, Alan M. Forster, Nadlene Razali, and Nurriswin Jumadi. "Natural Hydraulic Lime Mortars for Hot-Humid Climates: Effects of Oyster Shells as Seeding Compound." Key Engineering Materials 939 (January 25, 2023): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7807j2.

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This study explored the effects of formulation modifications of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortars exposed to hot temperature and high humidity conditions. The modified mortars were seeded by oyster shell powder, partially replacing the sand. The mortar samples underwent a curing period of 56 days with five observation days. The pH, carbonation depth, flexural strength, compressive strength, sorptivity, and morphology were studied. The results indicated that seeded mortars were more successful at setting and hardening high humidity settings. In addition, curing the mortars at higher temperat

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Vyšvařil, Martin, Tomáš Žižlavský, Štěpán Zimmermann, and Patrik Bayer. "Effect of Aggregate Type on Properties of Natural Hydraulic Lime-Based Mortars." Materials Science Forum 908 (October 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.908.35.

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In the current restoration practice, the mortars based on aerial or hydraulic lime with siliceous aggregate are used on repair / reconstruction of historical plasters. The resulting properties of lime mortars do not depend only on the type of aggregate, but also on its contamination, origin and a degree of hardening. For this reason, it is needed to know a detailed characteristic of the aggregate and the results obtained for the particular aggregate cannot be generally applied for the similar type of aggregate. This work presents the applicability of Czech local crushed limestone aggregate and

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27

Branco, Fernando G., Maria de Lurdes Belgas, Cátia Mendes, Luís Pereira, and José Marcos Ortega. "Mechanical Performance of Lime Mortar Coatings for Rehabilitation of Masonry Elements in Old and Historical Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063281.

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The use of lime as a binder in masonry lining mortars plays an important role in its conservation and durability. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of pre-existing and restoration mortars is essential in order to guarantee the compatibility between them and for avoiding the appearance of pathologies. The paper mainly focuses on the study of the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars to be applied in rehabilitation works in old buildings. Four types of mortars were tested with very similar workability, based on lime putty, aerial lime, and hydraulic lime. Sand and crushed rock p

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SCHACKOW, A., A. K. FERRARI, C. EFFTING, V. O. ALVES, and I. R. GOMES. "Stabilized mortar with air incorporator agent and plasticizer set retarder: performance measurement." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 6 (2019): 1248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000600002.

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Abstract This study aims to develop three stabilized mortars to masonry using air entraining agents and settling retardant plasticizer to compare with a conventional mortar with lime. It was analyzed consistency index, specific gravity, air entrained content, water retentivity, setting time through the heat of hydration, mortar shrinkage/expansion, compressive strength, resistance to sulphate and tensile strength in bonding. The results exhibited that the presence of the settling retardant plasticizer affected the consistency index making the mortar more workable for a longer time. The presenc

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Ramesh, Meera, Manuel Parente, Miguel Azenha, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Influence of Lime on Strength of Structural Unreinforced Masonry: Toward Improved Sustainability in Masonry Mortars." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (2023): 15320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115320.

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The choice of a sustainable construction material needs to take into account not just the environmental impact of the material, but according to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the UN, one also needs to consider ease of access, the utilization of locally available materials, and the durability and reliability of the construction itself. Mortared masonry has been used around the world for several hundred years as an accessible type of construction. In masonry mortars, lime and cement are often integrated together for combined advantages: enhanced workability, breathability, and b

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Espitia Morales, Andrés Felipe, and Nancy Torres Castellanos. "Assessment of the Compressive Strength of Lime Mortars with Admixtures, Subjected to Two Curing Environments." Ingeniería e Investigación 42, no. 2 (2021): e91364. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.91364.

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This article presents the assessment of the compressive strength of three types of lime mortar, one without admixture and the remaining two added with metakaolin and brick dust. The chemical composition of the lime and the pozzolans was evaluated using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The mortars were subjected to two curing conditions: humidity and temperature-controlled chamber, and accelerated carbonation chamber, then they were tested at ages of 7, 28, 60 and 90 days. The results showed that the samples cured in the carbonation chamber presented higher compressive strength values th

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Gołaszewska, Małgorzata, Jacek Gołaszewski, Jerzy Bochen, and Grzegorz Cygan. "Comparative Study of Effects of Air-Entraining Plasticizing Admixture and Lime on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Masonry Mortars and Plasters." Materials 15, no. 7 (2022): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072583.

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This article presents research on selected physical and mechanical properties of cement-based plasters and masonry mortars with consistency-improving additives, namely, traditional hydrated lime and a plasticizing and aerating mixture (APA), which, in practice, is often considered to be a lime substitute. Comparative analysis of the properties of mortars with alternative additives—lime or APA—was carried out, taking into consideration possible effects of cement, as two types of Portland cement were used for the research. For fresh mortar, mixture consistency, air content, resistance to segrega

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İsafça-Kaya, Tuğçe, Yahya Kaya, Naz Mardani, Ali Mardani, and Adem Doğangün. "Improving Lime-Based Restoration Mortars: Effect of Type and Utilization Rate of Binder and Aggregate." Materials 18, no. 5 (2025): 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18050961.

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Lime-based mortars, frequently used in historic structures, are classified as hydraulic and non-hydraulic according to how they gain strength. In the past, various methods were used to improve the strength and durability properties of lime-based hydraulic mortars such as Khorasan mortar. Today, in studies carried out to increase the strength of lime-based mortars, the effects of binders, aggregates, and additives, which are the basic components of the mortar, are examined. In this study, the mechanical properties of Khorasan mortar mixtures, which are frequently used in the restoration of hist

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Destefani, Marco, Laura Falchi, and Elisabetta Zendri. "Proposal of New Natural Hydraulic Lime-Based Mortars for the Conservation of Historical Buildings." Coatings 13, no. 8 (2023): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081418.

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NHL mortars are known to be compatible materials for the conservation of architectural heritage. To improve their properties with regard to salt resistance and lower their carbon footprint, NHL-based mortars with salt inhibitor agents were studied and different formulations were produced: NHL-based mortars (MSs), composed of natural hydraulic lime; and sand and cocciopesto mortars (MSCs), in which NHL, sand and brick powder were admixed with two different products, diethylenetriaminapenta and chitosan, in different concentrations. The mortar performance was tested against freeze–thaw and salt

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Sangi-Gonçalves, H., D. Penteado-Dias, and R. Castillo-Lara. "Replacement of hydrated lime by lime mud-residue from the cellulose industry in multiple-use mortars production." Materiales de Construcción 72, no. 347 (2022): e292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2022.17721.

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The pulp and paper industry increases every year in Brazil, providing an important country position in international market due to its production volume. However, because of this increasing, a large volume of wastes is generated. One of them is a lime mud, resulting from the Kraft chemical pulping production process. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of hydrated lime by lime mud on laying and coating mortars production, in order to verify its feasibility for possible application in civil construction industry. The 100% hydrated lime replacement mortar reached a 28-day

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Santos, Ana Rita, Maria do Rosário Veiga, and António Santos Silva. "The Influence of the Substrate and the Environmental Conditions on the Performance of Lime-Based Repair Mortars: Paimogo Fort, a Case Study." Heritage 8, no. 2 (2025): 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8020039.

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In order to revitalize and preserve the Paimogo Fort, a Portuguese coastline military fortification built in 1674 and classified as of public interest since 1957, several lime-based repair rendering mortars were developed, considering the compatibility requirements with the original ones. In this investigation, the different lime-based mortar compositions proposed are briefly described and their main physical and mechanical characteristics are analyzed at successive ages (28, 90 and 180 days). Furthermore, some applications of the same mortars’ compositions on different porous substrates were

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Vyšvařil, Martin, Tomáš Žižlavský, Patrik Bayer, and Pavla Rovnaníková. "CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT LIME MORTARS CONTAINING BRICK WASTE POWDER." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 22 (July 25, 2019): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.22.0133.

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This work deals with the effects of an expanded perlite (EP) on the hardened properties of air lime mortars with a 50% brick waste powder content. The influence of different substitution of quartz sand by EP is also monitored here. A relationship between EP content and physical-mechanical properties of mortar (flexural and compressive strength, pore system) and mortar frost resistance has been found. Very good contact between the binder matrix and EP surface was observed in microstructural images of mortars that conclusively exhibits the formation of products by pozzolanic reaction on the surf

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Pavlík, Vladimír, and Juraj Bisaha. "Lightweight Mortars Based on Expanded Perlite." Key Engineering Materials 776 (August 2018): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.104.

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Lightweight mortars composed from a lime-metakaolin binder or lime-cement binder and expanded perlite filler were prepared and tested. Mortar test samples were firstly cured in a humid atmosphere and subsequently in laboratory ambient conditions. Development of hardening processes was studied by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Morphology and microstructure of mortars was observed by SEM. Compressive strength, bulk density, porosity, capillary water absorption and thermal conductivity of mortars were determined in predetermined time periods.

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Játiva, Andrés, and Miren Etxeberria. "Exploring the Utilization of Activated Volcanic Ash as a Substitute for Portland Cement in Mortar Formulation: A Thorough Experimental Investigation." Materials 17, no. 5 (2024): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051123.

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The manufacture of natural pozzolans as cement products is economically affordable and contributes to CO2 mitigation in the cement-based materials industry. Through two experimental stages, this study evaluates the feasibility of using volcanic ash (VA) to partially substitute portland cement (PC) in mortar production. In Stage 1, the effectiveness of different activation methods, such as calcination, alkali activation, and lime addition, in enhancing VA reactivity was assessed when the mortars were produced using 35% VA. The compressive strength (fcm) and physical properties of the mortars pr

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Shivakumar, Mani, Aruna Singh, Thirumalini Selvaraj, and Shanmugapriya Thangaraj. "Production of the Traditional Organic Mortars of Padmanabhapuram Palace—A Characterization Study on the Simulated Mortars for Their Compatibility." Buildings 12, no. 9 (2022): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091466.

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The scientific investigation performed on the different mortar typologies of the Padmanabhapuram Palace mortars in a previous study led to the formulation of a similar traditional mortar. The outcome of the study was an increase in the carbonation action and mechanical strength of the mortar compared to conventional lime mortar, primarily due to the fermented organics such as aloe vera, cactus, kadukkai, hibiscus, jaggery, and neelamari. The transformation of portlandite crystals to calcite, along with the early developed C-S-H and C-A-S-H hydrated products reported by the XRD analysis. The bi

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Santamaría, S. Pavía, and J. R. Bolton. "Laboruntersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Mauer· und Ausfugemörtel und den Mauersteinen / Laboratory Studies of the Interaction between Bedding and Pointing Mortars and Building Stones." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 3, no. 3 (1997): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1997-5181.

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Abstract The physical and chemical properties of bedding and pointing mortars have a major influence on the nature, rate and extent of decay of pointed stonework. Specially designed mortars can prevent physical damage and greatly reduce chemical and biological decay in both the mortars themselves and the adjacent stones. This study describes the physical and chemico-mineralogical changes that occur in a number of different stone-mortar combinations. Three types of mortar were designed and fabricated in the laboratory in accordance with [1,2]. These were examined in combination with Leinster gr

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Alisi, Chiara, Loretta Bacchetta, Emanuel Bojorquez, et al. "Mucilages from Different Plant Species Affect the Characteristics of Bio-Mortars for Restoration." Coatings 11, no. 1 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010075.

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The need for compatible materials for the preservation of cultural heritage has resulted in the revival of lime-based mortar technology and other applications. This work investigates the cohesion and integrity of lime mortars added with fresh mucilage extracted from five plants and evaluates their bioreceptivity for long-term durability. Specimens of lime mortars added with 2.5% of fresh mucilage extracted from Aloe vera, Cylindropuntia californica, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Salvia hispanica mucilages were analyzed for color change (colorimetry), cohesion (ultrasound measur

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Alisi, Chiara, Loretta Bacchetta, Emanuel Bojorquez, et al. "Mucilages from Different Plant Species Affect the Characteristics of Bio-Mortars for Restoration." Coatings 11, no. 1 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010075.

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The need for compatible materials for the preservation of cultural heritage has resulted in the revival of lime-based mortar technology and other applications. This work investigates the cohesion and integrity of lime mortars added with fresh mucilage extracted from five plants and evaluates their bioreceptivity for long-term durability. Specimens of lime mortars added with 2.5% of fresh mucilage extracted from Aloe vera, Cylindropuntia californica, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Salvia hispanica mucilages were analyzed for color change (colorimetry), cohesion (ultrasound measur

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Megna, Bartolomeo, Dionisio Badagliacco, Carmelo Sanfilippo, and Antonino Valenza. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Hydraulic Mortar Based on Marble Slurry with Waste Glass." Recycling 6, no. 2 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6020037.

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This paper aims to propose and characterize a sustainable hydraulic mortar entirely obtained by the reuse of waste materials, with marble slurry coming from quarries in the north-western Sicily and glass powder coming from a waste collection plant in Marsala (Province of Trapani). The first was used as raw material to produce the mortar binder by a kilning and slaking process, while the second was used as a pozzolanic additive. The chemical and morphological characterization of the marble slurry was done by XRD, FTIR, STA and SEM analyses. Glass powder was analyzed through particle size distri

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Žižlavský, Tomáš, Martin Vyšvařil, Patrik Bayer, and Pavla Rovnaníková. "Microstructure of biopolymer-modified aerial lime mortars." MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201023.

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Cellulose-based viscosity-modifying admixtures are used on daily basis in a wide range of building materials, dominantly in pre-mixed mortar systems. Lately, alternative admixtures such as different “gums” have emerged. In building materials, the gums have similar viscosity-enhancingeffects as cellulose ethers with different efficiency. Various ways of production, as well as diverse working mechanisms of the biopolymers are to be considered while choosing the most suitable admixture for the intended use. Influence of alternative admixtures in several doses on the microstructure of lime mortars

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Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge, Carlos Alves, and D. Lobarinhas. "Estimating the Age of Lime Mortars by Luminescence to Measure Pollution Rates." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.598.

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Lime mortars can suffer alterations when subjected to gaseous pollutants. Particulate air pollutants can also be deposited and incorporated to the mortar surfaces. Thus, they can be used as pollution tracers allowing us to measure deposition rates of pollutants to compare pollution loads. To calculate deposition rates the absolute age of the studied mortars must be known. Luminescence dating allows estimating the age of lime mortars but involves some partially unsolved problems. Luminescence yields the age of an object from the ratio between paleodose or cumulative radiation dose in the minera

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Kamat, Ameya, Barbara Lubelli, and Erik Schlangen. "Effect of a mixed-in crystallization inhibitor on the properties of hydraulic mortars." AIMS Materials Science 9, no. 4 (2022): 628–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2022038.

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<abstract> <p>Porous building materials are often subjected to damage due to salt crystallization. In recent years, the addition of crystallization inhibitors in lime-based mortar, has shown promising results in improving durability of this material against salt decay. Lime-based mortars have low mechanical properties and slow setting. They are often replaced with hydraulic binders to overcome these limitations. However, the effect of crystallization inhibitors in mortars with hydraulic binders is still unknown. Incorporation of crystallization inhibitors in hydraulic mortars would

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Stoyanov, V., B. Kostova, and B. Dumanov. "Analysis and characterization of modern and ancient mortars." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1276, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1276/1/012001.

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Abstract The analysis, characterization, and comparison of modern and ancient mortars provide fundamental (by tracing the change in the raw materials and recipes used from the past to the present) and practical (obtaining modern mortars compatible with the ancient) knowledge. This work aimed to characterize modern and ancient mortars by investigating their phase composition, binder-to-aggregate ratio, hydraulicity, and hygroscopic properties. The used methods for analyses were powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. A modern mortar (sample A) p

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Pavlík, Vladimír, and Alena Struhárová. "Mortars Based on a Ternary Binder from Lime, Metakaolin and Calcium Hemihydrate." Key Engineering Materials 868 (October 2020): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.868.105.

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Normal-weight mortars with quartz sand filler and lightweight mortars with expanded perlite filler were prepared from a lime-metakaolin-gypsum binder. Mortar test samples were cured in a humid atmosphere and also in the laboratory ambient conditions. Development of hardening processes was studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and SEM-EDS observation. Compressive strength, drying shrinkage, bulk density and thermal conductivity of the mortars were determined. The presence of gypsum binder in the mixtures enabled formation of ettringite that caused expansion and reduced drying shrinkage

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Romero-Hermida, María Isabel, Antonio María Borrero-López, Vicente Flores-Alés, et al. "Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (2021): 6664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126664.

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This work addresses the reuse of waste products as a raw material for lime putties, which are one of the components of mortar. 1:3 Lime/sand mortars very similar to conventional construction mortars were prepared using a lime putty obtained from the treatment of phosphogypsum with sodium hydroxide. The physical, rheological and mechanical properties of this phosphogypsum-derived mortar have been studied, as well as the mineralogical composition, microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and curing process by monitoring carbonation and ultrasonic propagation velocity. Considering the

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abed, Duaa M., Jasim M. abed, Zaid H. Al-Saffar, and Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya. "The effect of sand on the mechanical characteristics of gypsum-lime mortars for heritage buildings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1296, no. 1 (2024): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1296/1/012002.

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Abstract The endurance and preservation of historical buildings greatly depend on the integration of lime into the mortar used for masonry linings. Therefore, conducting mechanical assessments of existing and restoration mortars is crucial to ensure their compatibility and prevent potential issues. This article emphasizes the role of sand in enhancing the efficiency and resilience of gypsum-lime mortars by examining how it influences on their mechanical properties. The main aim of this research is to provide practical guidance for the sustainable restoration and conservation of historical edif

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