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1
Paterson, James W. "NITROGEN, LIME AND MULCH EFFECT ON TOMATO PRODUCTION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1158b—1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1158b.
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The effectiveness of nitrogen, lime and mulch on the production of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown on a coastal plain sandy loam soil was investigated in 1989. Five rates of nitrogen, 0 to 180 kg h a-1 in 45 kg h a-1 increments, were applied to limed and unlimed soil. Each nitrogen treatment was split into bare ground and black plastic mulched plots. The highest total yield of quality tomatoes was produced with 90 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. At all nitrogen rates, total yields of quality tomatoes produced in the limed areas were significantly greater than the crop produced in the unlimed acid areas. Increasing nitrogen above the 90 kg ha-1 rate had no further significant increase on yields in the limed soil; however, the higher rates of nitrogen did significantly depress yields of quality tomatoes in the unlimed acid soil areas. The positive influence of liming was noted in the early, midseason and late harvests as well as in the total yields. Liming also had a positive influence on the size of the quality tomato while mulching had little to no effect on fruit size. Mulching also had only a modest effect on quality fruit yields. Soil test and tissue analysis results will also be discussed.
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Tranvik, Lars J., Wilhelm Granéli, and Gunnar Gahnström. "Microbial Activity in Acidified and Limed Humic Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-252.
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To test the hypothesis that acidification negatively affects microbial processes in water and sediment, five acidified (pH of surface water 5.2 ± 0.3) and five limed (pH 6.9 ± 0.2) humic (water colour 91 ± 15 and 77 ± 28 mg Pt/L, respectively) lakes in southern Sweden were studied. Sediment pH of the acidified lakes was significantly lower than in limed lakes down to a sediment depth of at least 3 cm. In spite of this, there was no difference between acid and limed lakes with respect to bacterial abundance in the sediment, sediment oxygen uptake, or utilization of amino acids by sediment bacteria. Similarly, there was no difference in biological water column parameters, i.e., chlorophyll a, gross and net oxygen production, respiration, bacterial abundance, and the utilization of amino acids by pelagic bacteria. Assuming that the restoration of pH by liming also restores pre-acidification conditions of microbial life, this study suggests that the level of acidification typical for most areas does not influence microbial activity negatively.
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Gaffar, Abdul Karim. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS INPUT ON PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY IN LIMED ACID SULFATE SOILS FISHPOND." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 3, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.3.1.1997.17-22.
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Bauhus, J., T. Vor, N. Bartsch, and A. Cowling. "The effects of gaps and liming on forest floor decomposition and soil C and N dynamics in a Fagus sylvatica forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-218.
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Despite the importance of gaps in the dynamics and management of many forest types, very little is known about the medium- to long-term soil C and N dynamics associated with this disturbance. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that gap creation and lime application, a routine measure in many European forests to ameliorate soil acidity, lead to accelerated litter decomposition and thus a reduction in the forest floor and soil C and N pools. Four gaps were created in 1989 in a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest on acid soil with a moder humus, and lime (3 t dolomite·ha1) was applied to two of these and surrounding areas. Litter and fine-root decomposition was measured in 19921993 and 19961998 using litterbags. Forest floor (L, F, and H layers) and mineral soil (040 cm) C and N pools were determined in 1989 and 1997. Eight years following silvicultural treatments, there was no change in C and N over the entire forest soil profile including forest floor. Reductions in the F and H layers in limed gaps were compensated for by increases in soil C and N in the surface (010 cm) mineral soil. Decomposition of F litter was significantly accelerated in limed gaps, leading to the development of a mullmoder, whereas gap creation alone had no effect on mass loss of F material in litterbags. Gap size disturbances in this acid beech forest appear to have minimal influences on soil C and N stocks. However, when combined with liming, changes in the humus form and vertical distribution of soil C and N may occur.
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Sulakhudin, Sulakhudin, and Muhammad Hatta. "INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF NEWLY OPENED PADDY FIELD IN TIDAL SWAMPY AREAS USING A LOCAL SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 19, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v19n1.2018.p9-16.
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<p>Expansion of new paddy land for rice in the tidal area is still experiencing problems, especially their toxic concentrations of Fe which can affect soil productivity. Efforts to improve the productivity of the newly opened paddy fields of tidal swampland are with drainage and specific nutrient management. The purpose of this research is an effort to increase the productivity of land through drainage management and application of ameliorant against iron toxicity in rice at the newly opened tidal swampland. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design is repeated 5 times. The results showed that technology of 1 week drying and 1 week inundation, limed 2 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and fertilized N 112.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 22.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, K<sub>2</sub>O 67.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and organic materials by 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, can increase rice yields by 237% from 1.40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> to 4.72 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of dry milled grain and can reduce 50% of Fe in the soil content of 384 ppm to 192 ppm in the newly opened paddy fields of tidal swampland in dry season. While the rainy season, technology of 1 week drying and 2 week inundation, limed 2 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and fertilized of N 86.25 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 30 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, K<sub>2</sub>O 15 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, and organic materials by 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, can increase rice yield 272 % from 1.21 t ha<sup>-1</sup> to 4.50 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of dry milled grain and can reduce 51.88% of Fe in the soil content of 1,168 ppm to 769 ppm. </p>
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Reininger, D., P. Fiala, and T. Samek. "Acidification of forest soils in the Hrubý Jeseník region." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 2 (May 30, 2011): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2010-swr.
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The Hrubý Jeseník Natural Forest Region (NFR) is a border mountain territory which belongs to the areas most heavily impacted by air pollution in the Czech Republic. This paper compares results for soil properties investigated in non-limed forest stands during the years 1994 to 2007. Differences between the 2007 and 2000/01 surveys concerning Al, Ca and Mg content and pH in particular soil horizons are depicted using kriged maps. This means of interpreting laboratory analysis results allowed us to highlight the most endangered NFR areas from an acidification standpoint. Evaluation of results for Al, Ca and Mg content, their available forms and pH values in the Hrubý Jeseník NFR in the 1994–2007 period revealed the presence of an ongoing acidification process. The southern (Praděd region) and northwestern areas (Králický Sněžník region) may be singled out as the most depleted.
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Cuenca, Gisela, and Milagros Lovera. "Vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae in disturbed and revegetated sites from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-009.
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Savannas growing on stony, old and nutrient-poor soils of southern Venezuela were severely disturbed by removal of the soil organic layers with bulldozers for road building. Introduced species Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola, Pueraria phaseoloides, and Calopogonium sp. were sown. The substrate was fertilized and limed. Plant cover, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae colonization, spore number, and most probable number of propagulels in undisturbed savanna, disturbed nonrevegetated savanna, and six revegetated savannas were assessed. The perturbation reduced the mycorrhizal propagule number in comparison with the undisturbed savanna. In the nonrevegetated areas the mean percent ground cover 2 years after disturbance was low (0.04%). In revegetated areas an increase in mycorrhizal propagule number occurred and the mycorrhizal colonization of the sown species was high. In restored areas there was an increase in species of nonmycotrophic Amaranthaceae. The results support other predictions on the mycorrhizae in successional biomes, because in the extremely nutrient-poor soils studied the colonizing species were mainly mycotrophic. The reclamation program applied in disturbed areas was useful because it has allowed the recovery of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum and there was an increase in the recolonization of native plants. Key words: disturbance, endomycorrhizae, revegetation, savanna, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae.
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Hornick, Sharon B. "Use of organic amendments to increase the productivity of sand and gravel spoils: Effect on yield and composition of sweet corn." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 4 (1988): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002435.
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AbstractCrops grown on sand and gravel spoil areas are subject to temperature, moisture, and nutrient stresses due to the infertile, acidic, and coarse-textured properties of the spoil material. Additions of organic materials such as feedlot manure and sewage sludge compost applied at rates of 40, 80, and 160 Mg/ha were found to improve these spoil areas by providing (1) a more favorable pH for seedling germination and root development, (2) essential crop nutrients, and (3) a greatly increased water content of the spoils in the treated plots compared to fertilized controls. The manure-treated spoil plots had a higher water content than either the compost-treated spoils or the limed and fertilized control plots. In a drought year when the wastes were reapplied, both grain and stalk yields of sweet corn were highest for the manure-treated plots. The low heavy metal content makes these organic materials safe for use as soil conditioners. In addition, uptake and accumulation of toxic metals by sweet corn is generally less than other crops. The interaction between the kind and rate of organic amendment applied, the amount of rainfall in any given growing period, and the water content of the treated spoils determined the final nutrient composition of the stalks, leaves, and grain, as well as the grain and stalk yield.
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Menšík, L., and E. Kula. "Forest floor and soils in limed stands of substitute species in Klášterec nad Ohří forest district in the Krušné hory Mts." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 3 (March 21, 2011): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2010-jfs.
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Forest ecosystems of the Krušné hory Mts. affected by long-term air pollution were finally disintegrated. The tree species composition has been changed in ecosystems disturbed in this way. Liming applied for the long-term revitalization of air-polluted areas partly decreased the effects of acid depositions on soil in spite of the reduction of air pollution; however, it did not cause any expected necessary changes yet. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the chemical composition of humus horizon H and organomineral horizon Ah (soil reaction, sorption complex, C/N ratio, available nutrients) in stands of substitute tree species differently affected by liming and site preparation in the area of Klášterec nad Ohří Forest District in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic). Based on our evaluations, we found out that pH values increased by 0.3–0.5, which was evident in stands with repeated liming at sites without soil preparation and with the site/soil preparation using an excavator or bulldozer. The majority of soils always showed an unsaturated base-exchange complex <br />(< 50%). Increasing values of the sorption complex saturation were evident in stands with repeated liming, which is related to the favourable condition of pH in H and Ah horizons. C/N ratios in the H (Ah) horizon were always below a critical limit (< 24). The content of available nutrients in the H (Ah) horizon was insufficient. Among the particular elements phosphorus content decreased, that of magnesium reached optimum or even surplus, calcium was in surplus (optimum or even surplus), potassium in optimum (surplus). Forest management in the Krušné hory Mts. will be dependent on the effectiveness of the biological and chemical revitalization of soils also in the future.
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Scott, B. J., I. G. Fenton, A. G. Fanning, W. G. Schumann, and L. J. C. Castleman. "Surface soil acidity and fertility in the eastern Riverina and Western Slopes of southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05155x.
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This study, in southern New South Wales (NSW), examined the chemical properties of ~4700 surface soils in agricultural paddocks and recorded lime and gypsum inputs. The area was bounded approximately by Cootamundra in the north, the NSW/Victorian border in the south, extending to Tumbarumba in the east and to near Berrigan in the west. The long-term average annual rainfall ranged from ~420 mm in the west to a maximum of 1175 mm in the east. The data, collected between 1997 and 2003, were for the surface 20 cm of soil, in two 10-cm layers. The data were generated from a soil testing program conducted with farmers in the region. We grouped the soils into three zones based on a GPS location taken at the time of sampling. These zones were 1 (lower rainfall mixed farming), 2 (higher rainfall mixed farming) and 3 (long-term pasture). Acidic soils occurred across all three zones; however, the soils in zone 1 appeared to be less acidic than soils in the other two zones. We found that surface soils (0–10 cm) with soil pH in 1 : 5 soil : 0.01 mol/L calcium chloride (pHCa) ≤4.5 represented 27%, 57% and 54% for zones 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, zone 1 had 74% of surface soils with a pHCa ≤ 5.0, and this was more acidic than previously reported. However, the surface soils in zone 1 had relatively low exchangeable aluminium (Alex) and had less acidic subsurface soils (10–20 cm), so that responses to lime application by pastures and crops may be less frequent or smaller than the surface soil pHCa alone may indicate. There was a higher frequency of acidic soils (pHCa ≤ 4.5) in the subsurface soils than in the surface soils in zones 2 (62 cf. 57%) and 3 (64 cf. 54%), suggesting that the acidity problem at this depth was a major problem. Low pHCa in the subsurface soil is known to be a constraint on crop yield. We found no evidence of the amendment of this soil depth when lime was applied and incorporated into the 0–10 cm depth, and economic amendment of acidity in the 10–20 cm depth remains unresolved. Increased adoption of liming occurred in the late 1990s, and by 1997 the percentage of paddocks limed was 14.3%, 21.3% and 13.6% in zones 1 to 3, respectively. Soil pH buffering and long-term pHCa decline after liming were similar to rates reported in field experiments. The total quantities of lime applied were insufficient for soil amendment and maintenance of soil pHCa, particularly in the long-term pasture areas. The rate of soil acidification in the 0–20 cm depth in the average annual rainfall range of 525–625 mm was estimated to be 1.52 kmol H+/ha.year. This would require 76 kg lime/ha.year to neutralise. Sodic and saline soils occurred mainly in the lower rainfall cropping areas, and were more frequent in an area around the township of Lockhart. Half the gypsum applications were at low rates (≤0.5 t/ha), and were probably for sulfur application to canola. Some of the sodic soils were acidic (34% ≤ pHCa 4.5) so that the application of lime/gypsum mixes could be appropriate in the amendment of these soils. Soils in the pasture system had mean organic carbon content (OC%) of 2.42, compared to the cropping zones at 1.65 and 1.75%. OC% was related to annual average rainfall; the increase in OC% was 0.19% and 0.08% for each 100 mm of average annual rainfall for the surface and subsurface soil, respectively. A group of soils in the cropping areas had surface OC% ≤ 1.25% OC (zone 1, 12%; zone 2, 20%) and this could be the result of intensive cropping. Most soils (55–63%) were of moderate P status (P(Colwell), 21–60 µg/g). However, there was still a substantial group of soils (31–43%) of low P status (P ≤ 20 µg/g). Most surface soils in all zones (72–80%) were low to marginal in sulfur status (KCl 40, ≤10 mg S/kg). Sulfur deficiency has been identified in canola, and current practice in the cropping areas is for inputs of gypsum at low rates.
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Donkersley, Philip, Farley W. S. Silva, Claudine M. Carvalho, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, and Simon L. Elliot. "Biological, environmental and socioeconomic threats to citrus lime production." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 125, no. 4 (March 21, 2018): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41348-018-0160-x.
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Abstract Limes as a fruit crop are of great economic importance, key to Asian and South American cuisines and cultivated in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Demand for limes is increasing, driven by World Health Organization recommendations. Pests and pathogens have significantly reduced global productivity, while changes in agronomic techniques aim to alleviate this stress. We present here a holistic examination of the major biotic (pests and pathogens) and abiotic (environment and socioeconomic) factors that presently limit global production of lime. The major producers of limes are India, China and Mexico, while loss of lime production in the United States from 2006 has led many countries in the Western Hemisphere (Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil) to export primarily to the USA. The most widespread invertebrate pests of lime are Toxoptera citricida and Scirtothrips citri. Another insect, Diaphorina citri, vectors both Huanglongbing (HLB) and Witches Broom of Lime, which are particularly destructive diseases. Developing agronomic techniques focus on production of resistant and pathogen-free planting materials and control of insect vectors. HLB infects citrus in nearly all growing regions, and has been particularly devastating in Asian citrus. Meanwhile, Citrus tristeza virus has infected over 100 million citrus trees, mainly in the Americas and Mediterranean. Currently, Witches Broom Disease of Lime is localised to the Middle East, but recently it has been detected in South America. The range of its vectors (D. citri and Hishimonus phycitis) further raises concerns about the potential spread of this disease. Abiotic threats to lime production are also a significant concern; key areas of lime production such as Mexico, India and the Middle East suffer from increasing water stress and high soil salinity, which combined with invasive pests and pathogens, may eliminate lime production in these areas. To ensure future security in lime production, policy makers, researchers and growers will need to examine the potential of more resistant lime cultivars and establish novel areas of cultivation.
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Schuttler, Stephanie G., Kathryn Stevenson, Roland Kays, and Robert R. Dunn. "Children’s attitudes towards animals are similar across suburban, exurban, and rural areas." PeerJ 7 (July 23, 2019): e7328. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7328.
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The decline in the number of hours Americans spend outdoors, exacerbated by urbanization, has affected people’s familiarity with local wildlife. This is concerning to conservationists, as people tend to care about and invest in what they know. Children represent the future supporters of conservation, such that their knowledge about and feelings toward wildlife have the potential to influence conservation for many years to come. Yet, little research has been conducted on children’s attitudes toward wildlife, particularly across zones of urbanization. We surveyed 2,759 4–8th grade children across 22 suburban, exurban, and rural schools in North Carolina to determine their attitudes toward local, domestic, and exotic animals. We predicted that children who live in rural or exurban areas, where they may have more direct access to more wildlife species, would list more local animals as “liked” and fewer as “scary” compared to children in suburban areas. However, children, regardless of where they lived, provided mostly non-native mammals for open-ended responses, and were more likely to list local animals as scary than as liked. We found urbanization to have little effect on the number of local animals children listed, and the rankings of “liked” animals were correlated across zones of urbanization. Promising for conservation was that half of the top “liked” animals included species or taxonomic groups containing threatened or endangered species. Despite different levels of urbanization, children had either an unfamiliarity with and/or low preference for local animals, suggesting that a disconnect between children and local biodiversity is already well-established, even in more rural areas where many wildlife species can be found.
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Daley, Patricia. "Lives lived differently: Geography and the study of black women." Area 52, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12655.
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Dietrich, Alexa S. "Pollution, Health, and Disaster." Environment and Society 12, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2021.120104.
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The materiality of pollution is increasingly embodied in humans, animals, and the living environment. Ethnographic research, especially from within the fields broadly construed as medical anthropology, environmental anthropology, disaster anthropology, and science and technology studies are all positioned to make important contributions to understanding present lived experiences in disastrous environmental contexts. This article examines points of articulation within recent research in these areas, which have much in common but are not always in conversation with one another. Research and writing collaborations, as well as shared knowledge bases between ethnographic researchers who center different aspects of the spectrum of toxics- based environmental health, are needed to better account for and address the material and lived realities of increasing pollution levels in the time of a warming climate.
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Levickaitė, Rasa. "Y, X, Z KARTOS: PASAULIO BE SIENŲ IDĖJOS FORMAVIMAS NAUDOJANTIS SOCIALINIAIS TINKLAIS (LIETUVOS ATVEJIS)." CREATIVITY STUDIES 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.17.
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This article is based on sociological insight into the concept of up‐to‐date world without borders: technological impact and social networking. Generations X, Y and Z are discussed according to three categories: social, technological and historical environment. The survey results are provided representing the Lithuanian case. Six areas are analysed: 1) country of residence (a survey has been carried out among Lithuanians through social networks Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and MySpace); 2) age (generation) share; 3) number of social network connections ("friends"); 4) type of social network associates; 5) demand of physical meeting with social network associates; and 6) frequency of social networking. Out of 812 Lithuanians (social network users) who participated in a short survey the conclusion might be offered that they follow same digital trends and changes happening all over the world. Social networking may be part of every communication tool one uses; those tools in the very essence change how people interact with each other. In this case social networking loses categories of time and space providing the concept of the world without borders. Y, X, Z kartos: pasaulio be sienų idėjos formavimas naudojantis socialiniais tinklais (lietuvos atvejis) Santrauka Straipsnyje remiamasi sociologinėmis įžvalgomis, kaip socialiniai tinklai šiandien padeda formuoti pasaulio be sienų idėją. Straipsnyje aptariamos paskutinių penkiasdešimties metų X, Y ir Z kartos trimis aspektais: remiantis socialine, technologine ir istorine aplinka. Pateikiami tyrimo, atlikto Lietuvoje 2010 m., naudojant socialinius tinklus, rezultatai. Tyrimo metu aiškintasi šešios sritys: 1) gyvenamoji šalis (visi tyrime dalyvavę respondentai buvo lietuviai, klausimynas buvo platinamas per socialinius tinklus Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn ir MySpace); 2) pasiskirstymas pagal amžių; 3) kontaktų skaičius socialiniuose tinkluose; 4) kontaktų tipas socialiniuose tinkluose; 5) fizinio susitikimo poreikis su socialinių tinklų dalyviais; 6) dalyvavimo socialiniuose tinkluose dažnis. Iš 812 lietuvių, socialinių tinklų vartotojų, atsakymų matoma, kad Lietuvoje vyrauja pasaulio socialinių tinklų tendencijos, vyksta komunikacijos ir medijų pokyčiai. Socialiniai tinklai gali būti žmonių naudojamos komunikacijos priemonių dalis, kurios iš esmės keičia žmonių bendravimo įpročius. Remiantis
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Culvenor, RA, and RN Oram. "Comparison of winter-active phalaris with the Australian cultivar under rotational grazing. 1. Basal area and plant density." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (1996): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960277.
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Basal area and plant density in fixed quadrats are presented from a grazing trial comparing the persistence of 2 'winter-active' cultivars (Sirosa, Holdfast) and a breeding population (Perla Retainer) of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) possessing high seedling and winter growth rates with the original cultivar Australian. Four replicate pastures, 2 at each of 2 sites near Canberra, were grazed year-round at 15 wethers/ha for 3 years using a rotational system of management (2 weeks on, 4 weeks off,). The first site, The Elms, was located on a slope with shallow, coarse-textured soil; the second, Boundary Creek, was level with deep soil which was very acid in the upper 20 cm. Both sites were fertilised with superphosphate and, except for small areas, were limed before sowing. Significant mortality was observed only at The Elms during the summer-autumn drought after grazing commenced, when plant death was highest for Australian and lowest for Perla Retainer, an erect, summer-dormant population. Basal area of Australian and Sirosa, but not Holdfast and Perla Retainer, subsequently recovered. Australian established and maintained a 50-70% higher basal area due to a 30-40% higher area per plant and 15-25% more plants. The cultivars did not differ markedly in persistence measured as stability of basal area. However, Perla Retainer showed less vegetative expansion at the first site after grazing commenced and was considered less persistent than the cultivars there. Persistence was correlated with the productivity of individual plots, all cultivars being affected similarly. Regressions which varied with cultivar were derived in which basal area at establishment, but not subsequent changes in basal area under grazing, was positively related to soil fertility factors, mainly phosphorus, potassium and manganese. An association between the initial basal area of Sirosa and soil magnesium levels was also detected at 1 site. It was concluded from this study, which was conducted in the absence of major drought, that the winter-active cultivars of phalaris can be as persistent as Australian under rotational grazing and with adequate soil fertility, but that interactions with site will occur.
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Khodakivska, Olha, Roman Hladunenko, Svitlana Korchynska, and Larysa Tkachuk. "Chemical reclamation of acid soils: organizational and economic measures and modern technological solutions." Ekonomika APK 318, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202104040.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the current state of acid soils in Ukraine and to offer organizational and economic measures and modern effective technological solutions for their chemical reclamation. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic research methods, scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on issues related to expanded reproduction of soil fertility and their chemical reclamation. Analytical and statistical tools and empirical approach allowed to determine the benefits of acid soils liming and calculate the economic effect of organizational and economic measures and technological solutions. The abstract-logical approach allowed to develop recommendations on reclamation ways for acid soils with the usage of modern technologies and organisational measures, as well as to formulate appropriate proposals and conclusions. Research results. It has been proved that one of the important directions for increasing the fertility of acid soils is liming. Economic evaluation of the efficiency of soil liming shows that the costs of its implementation are recouped by yield increases and contribute to improving the quality of agricultural products. Despite the high environmental efficiency of liming, the volume and quality of these works in recent years do not meet actual needs of agriculture. Thus, in 2019, the area of limed soils decreased by 10.5 times in comparison to 1990. In turn, the reduction of chemical land reclamation leads to negative environmental and economic consequences. Thus, the annual shortage of crop products due to excessive soil acidity in terms of grain is more than 2 million tons, which is estimated at UAH 10-12 billion. At the same time, the results of agrochemical surveys of soils show that there is a tendency for increase of acid soils areas. Scientific novelty. The use of granular limestone has been proposed as one of the modern and highly effective measures for reclamation of acid soils, which ensures their rapid deoxidation and helps to increase crop yields by up to 30%, ensuring the payback of measures for reclamation of acid soils in the first year. It has been also established that the usage of granular forms of ameliorants eliminates technological difficulties during the use of limestone materials and reduces the cost of their application, which greatly simplifies the technology of their application both separately and in combination with other fertilizers using standard spreaders. In addition, it is possible to transport lime fertilizers over long distances, which makes them more accessible to Ukrainian farmers countrywide. Practical significance. The following directions to increase efficiency of works on chemical reclamation of acid soils were offered: provision of scientifically substantiated cycle of chemical reclamation of soils and achievement of positive balance of calcium in soils by carrying out annual liming on the area of 1,400 thousand hectares; financing of works on chemical reclamation of soils at the expense of means of the state and local budgets which sharp reduction led to actual suspension of these works; extensive use of local carbonate deposits and stimulating development of the domestic industry for the production of granular limestone fertilizers, the profitability of which is 2-2.5 times higher than traditional limestone materials. Tabl.: 8. Refs.: 17.
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Ødegaard, Hallvard. "Appropriate Technology for Wastewater Treatment in Coastal Tourist Areas." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0002.
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The composition of wastewater from tourist areas is discussed. Since such a significant part of the contaminants in wastewater is associated with particles, a good particle removal should be the first step in the treatment of wastewater. In coastal areas it is recommended that coagulation with lime should be used. Special attention is drawn to the lime/seawater process where 2-5 vol-% of seawater is added to the influent resulting in several process improvements. For low-cost treatment the use of the lime/seawater process in a pond system is discussed.
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Lorencová, Helena, and Marcela Gotzmannová. "The Perception of the Urbanized Areas in Case Study of the Town Rosice." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 5 (2017): 1557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051557.
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This article deals with how the residents of the town Rosice perceive the surrounding landscape in aesthetic terms, how it affects them and which of the landscape components they find the most valuable and necessary to preserve for the next generations. This article briefly describes the essential characteristics as well as the landscape composition of the area in question. It summarizes the results of a sociological survey which was carried out in April 2015. The majority of respondents considered the town of Rosice to be a good place to liveand agreed that what they liked most were visual percepts of the area and the sites where panoramic views could be enjoyed. Those components which the residents of Rosice wished to preserve in the town of Rosice for the next generations is Chateau Rosice, Nejsvětější Trojice (the Holy Trinity) chapel, the Stone bridge, St. Martin’s church, and the way of the Cross leading to the Holy Trinity chapel. The natural components that the respondents frequently mentioned included Rosická Obora (deer‑park) wooded land, the park and garden adjacent to the Chateau, the way of the Cross lined with linden trees leading to the Holy Trinity chapel, and the river Bobrava. One of the most significant problems and threats to the countryside is, according to many respondents, the usurpation of land in the form of residential and commercial development.
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Gutierrez, Grant M., Dana E. Powell, and T. L. Pendergrast. "The Double Force of Vulnerability." Environment and Society 12, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2021.120105.
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This article reviews ethnographic literature of environmental justice (EJ). Both a social movement and scholarship, EJ is a crucial domain for examining the intersections of environment, well-being, and social power, and yet has largely been dominated by quantitative and legal analyses. A minority literature in comparison, ethnography attends to other valences of injustice and modes of inequality. Through this review, we argue that ethnographies of EJ forward our understanding of how environmental vulnerability is lived, as communities experience and confront toxic environments. Following a genealogy of EJ, we explore three prominent ethnographic thematics of EJ: the production of vulnerability through embodied toxicity; the ways that injustice becomes embedded in landscapes; and how processes like research collaborations and legal interventions become places of thinking and doing the work of justice. Finally, we identify emergent trends and challenges, suggesting future research directions for ethnographic consideration.
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Świercz, A. "Suitability of pine bark to evaluate pollution caused by cement-lime dust." Journal of Forest Science 52, Special Issue (January 1, 2006): S93—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10166-jfs.
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The aim of this paper is to show the application of pine bark to indicate the level of air contamination by cement-lime dust and to determine the impact range of cement plants. The pine bark was analyzed in the forested formed around three cement plants in the Świętokrzyski administrative district (South of Poland). The test results were compared with the results gained from the controlled forested areas, free from alkali contamination. The strongly alkali areas show high pH<sub>H2O</sub> of bark in the range of 7.2–8.5 and low coefficient of change v% = 2.2. The pine bark values of pH<sub>H2O</sub> in the alkali areas are on average 2.5 times as high as those achieved in the controlled area (natural pH of bark shows the range of 2.8–3.5). On the basis of the measurements of pH<sub>H2O</sub> there are five alkali-forested spheres determined. The existence of the forest spheres confirms the variable mineral composition of the bark, and first of all the variable content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, aluminium, manganese, zinc and iron as a function of the distance from the emitter and real dust fall.
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Orczewski, Piotr, Phil Andrews, Wendy Carruthers, Dana Challinor, L. Higbee, Inés López-Dóriga, Rachael Seager Smith, and David Smith. "Romano-British and Medieval Extra-Mural Settlement at Chesil Street, Winchester." Hampshire Studies 74, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 98–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2019004.
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Excavations were undertaken in 2016 in advance of development at Chesil Street car park, Winchester, to the east of the Roman and medieval city defences, in a part of the eastern suburb that has seen little previous investigation. The work revealed four Romano-British pits – at least one possibly a lime kiln, extensive areas of chalk quarrying and several medieval features including a chalk-lined cess pit that contained well-preserved environmental evidence. Post-medieval remains comprised five wells in addition to wall foundations alongside Chesil Street, while the east side of the site had been truncated by construction of a railway opened in 1895.
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Vieira, Cristiane Ramos, Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber, and José Fernando Scaramuzza. "Adubação nos Teores de Cinzas, Carbono e Relação C/N de Teca." UNICIÊNCIAS 22, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2018v22n2p124-130.
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A adubação em áreas de plantios florestais é necessária para suprir as necessidades nutricionais das plantas, no entanto, a quantidade de nutrientes deve ser equilibrada, porque pode afetar a qualidade da madeira produzida. Diante disso, foi realizado estudo com o objetivo de verificar a influência da adubação nos teores de cinzas, de carbono e de relação C/N em plantas de Tectona grandis Linn. F. Primeiramente, efetuou-se a calagem do solo e, após 15 dias, foram realizadas as adubações com N, P e K: N = 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1; P2O5 = 0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1 e; K2O = 0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1. Aos 180 dias, as plantas dos 20 tratamentos, que apresentaram os maiores crescimentos em altura e diâmetro, foram transplantadas para o campo. Anteriormente ao plantio, o solo foi calcareado e adubado conforme os tratamentos que proporcionaram o maior crescimento e, as mudas foram plantadas, totalizando 20 tratamentos e seis repetições. Após 12 meses, as plantas foram retiradas para determinação dos teores de cinzas, de carbono orgânico e de relação C/N. As cinzas foram submetidas às digestões para determinações das concentrações de nutrientes. A T. grandis, em estágio inicial de crescimento, apresentou características para utilização como carvão vegetal. Sendo que os elementos inorgânicos que predominaram, após 360 dias, foram N, P, K e B. Palavras-chave: Tectona grandis. Nutrição Florestal. Adubação Mineral. Compostos Inorgânicos. AbstractFertilization in areas of forest plantations is necessary to meet the plants’ nutritional needs, however, the amount of nutrients must be balanced because they can affect the quality of the wood produced. A study was carried out to verify the influence of fertilization on the ash, carbon and C/N ratio in Tectona grandis Linn F. plants. Firstly, the soil liming was performed and, after 15 days, the fertilizations were carried out with N, P and K: N = 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1; P2O5 = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 e; K2O = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. At 180 days the plants of the 20 treatments that presented the greatest growth in height and diameter were transplanted to the field. Prior to planting, the soil was limed and fertilized according to the treatments that provided the highest growth, and the seedlings were planted, totaling 20 treatments and six replications. After 12 months, the plants were removed for determination of ash, organic carbon and C/N ratio. The ashes were submitted to digestion for determinations of nutrient concentrations. T. grandis, in the initial stage of growth, presented characteristics for use as charcoal. The predominant inorganic elements after 360 days were N, P, K and B. Keywords: Tectona Grandis. Forest Nutrition. Mineral Fertilization. Inorganic Compounds.
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Mitsutake, Seigo, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Yuri Yokoyama, Mariko Nishi, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Koichiro Oka, Shohei Yano, Takumi Abe, and Akihiko Kitamura. "Do Walking-Friendly Built Environments Influence Frailty and Long-Term Care Insurance Service Needs?" Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105632.
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Our study examined the associations between neighborhood walkability, frailty, and the incidence of long-term care insurance (LTCI) service needs using a prospective cohort survey in a suburban town in Japan. The final sample for analyses comprised 2867 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 73.0 years). Neighborhood walkability was measured using the Walk Score®. A total of 387 participants (13.5%) exhibited frailty. The odds of frailty, adjusted for the covariates (sex, age, educational status, marital status, residential status, employment status, subjective economic status) among participants who lived in somewhat walkable/very walkable areas, was 0.750 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.597–0.943) versus those who lived in car-dependent areas. During the 23-month follow-up, 102 participants needed LTCI services (19.0 per 1000 person-years), 41 of whom (21.0 per 1000 person-years) lived in car-dependent areas, and 61 of whom (17.9 per 1000 person-years) lived in somewhat walkable/very walkable areas. As compared with participants who lived in car-dependent areas, the incidence of LTCI service needs was not significantly lower than that of those who lived in somewhat walkable/very walkable areas. Walk Score® can provide the critical information for the strategies to improve walkability and prevent older adults’ frailty in less walkable areas, contributing to achieving the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Gold, Carrol, Jewell Chambers, and Eileen McQuaid Dvorak. "Ethical Dilemmas in the Lived Experience of Nursing Practice." Nursing Ethics 2, no. 2 (June 1995): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200205.
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Through a series of semistructured interviews with 12 nurses delivering direct patient care in acute, long-term and home care settings, information was sought regarding the ethical concerns of practicing nurses. Although these nurses frequently did not specifically identify the areas of expressed concern as ethical in nature, thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews uncovered four major ethical areas of concern common to these 12 nurses. These areas are: (1) Withholding of information and truth-telling; (2) Unequal access or inequalities in care; (3) Differences between business and professional values; (4) Breaking and reporting broken rules. Several reasons are offered to explain the failure of nurses accurately to identify specific practice dilemmas as ethical in nature and the sequelae of these failures. Possibilities involving ongoing education and mentored experiences in practice areas are reported.
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Sheng, Jiawei, Kohei Kadono, and Tetsuo Yazawa. "Nanosized gold clusters formation in selected areas of soda-lime silicate glass." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 324, no. 3 (September 2003): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(03)00320-x.
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Monaco, Michelina, Marianna Aurilio, Anna Tafuro, and Mariateresa Guadagnuolo. "Sustainable Mortars for Application in the Cultural Heritage Field." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030598.
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A large part of the world’s architectural heritage is composed of masonry buildings located in seismic areas, and its vulnerability has been shown by the damage caused by the last earthquakes. Meeting the safety demands of cultural heritage buildings according to the performance-based seismic codes requires a deep knowledge of the mechanical properties of material components. Traditional mortars are among these. However, significant samples of structural mortars cannot be taken from existing masonry walls to perform mechanical tests, but tests can, alternatively, be conducted on samples realized according to traditional instructions for composition. Based on a historical study of mix proportions, this paper presents the results of a mechanical test campaign of traditional mortars. The samples were obtained combining lime and pozzolan according to the proportions derived from ancient treatises. The laboratory tests were performed taking into account three different types of limes, and a discussion involving the results presented in the literature is provided. Besides the contribution to fulfilling the lack of knowledge about the mechanical properties of traditional lime mortars, the test results are good references for on-site preparation of mortars for use in restoration. There is a focus on natural pozzolanic lime mortars, widely used in the Neapolitan area and, in general, in the whole Italian territory.
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Sarker, A. H. M. R., and E. Røskaft. "Human attitudes towards the conservation of protected areas: a case study from four protected areas in Bangladesh." Oryx 45, no. 3 (July 2011): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001067.
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AbstractThis study was based on interviews with 388 randomly selected households living near four protected areas in northern and south-eastern Bangladesh: Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary, Teknaf Game Reserve and two forest reserves. The respondents were generally poor and their perception of conservation varied across the study areas. Respondents were generally reluctant to embrace conservation and their attitude towards the conservation of protected areas depended on a set of demographic and socio-economic factors. People in northern Bangladesh had somewhat more positive attitudes towards conservation than those in the south-east. The two most important variables explaining respondents’ attitudes towards conservation were the distance they lived from protected areas and their monthly income. People who are poor and who live closer to the protected areas disliked the conservation measures most.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Elemental composition of forest litters of cod-podzolic soils in trial areas of forest experimental dacha." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 44 (April 23, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20212225.
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The object to study iselemental composition of lime and pine forests litter of mixed grasses. In average samples, ground up and sieved through a sieve with adiameter of 0.25 mm, we determined the following: the hygroscopic moisture by drying in a desiccator above P2O5, the ash content by weight method, C, H, N content on a CHNS –vario Microcube automatic analyzer, the elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence method on the ReSPECTanalyzer of substance composition.Compared to lime forest litter, the organic part of pine forest one contains more aromatic, depleted in nitrogen-containing groups and oxidized compounds. The ash content of lime forest litter is 11.46%, pine forest litter - 7.19%. The chemical composition of the litter mineral part is formed by two groups of elements: macroelements (Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, K, P, S, Na, Cl), which content varies from 0.02-0.03 to 2.36-3.07 % and microelements (Zn, Cr, Sr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, As, Hg) contained in amounts from 0.24-0.39 to 151-199 μg / g. In the lime and pine forest litter in forest experimental dacha, Ca and Si absolutely prevail, which account for more than 70% in totalsum of the macroelements. Zn, Cr, Sr account for 74% in the total microelementsin pine forest litter and for 82% in lime forest one. Moreover, the total mineral elements content in the lime forest litter is higher except for Ni, Pb and Mn. The data obtained can be used for environmental monitoring. Keywords: FOREST LITTER, LIME FOREST, PINEFOREST, ORGANOGEN ELEMENTS, MACROELEMENTS, MICROELEMENTS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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Archana, Bista, and Joshi Sarala. "Lived experiences of health problems of elderly residing in urban areas, Kathmandu: Pilot Study." International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 4, no. 4 (2015): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2015.00156.3.
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Hariyati, Nunuk, Wagino Wagino, and Mudjito Mudjito. "Investigating Virtual Learning on Students Learning Outcomes in Urban and Rural Areas." Dinamika Pendidikan 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/dp.v16i1.28661.
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This study aims to investigate the implementation of virtual learning on students’ learning outcomes mediated by motivation and to compare its effectiveness between urban and rural areas. This study employed quantitative design, involved 362 students of Faculty of Education in UNESA. To determine the sample, it employed Solvin’s formula. The data were collected by using three instruments, specifically Virtual Learning Effectiveness, Learning Outcomes, and Motivation. To see the difference of virtual learning on learning outcomes mediated by motivation based on student’s location, path analysis was performed twice by separating the data into two kinds of groups. The first group contains student’s data that lived in an urban area. The second group contains student’s data that lived in a rural area. The findings of this research confirm that the virtual learning is effective to improve students’ learning outcomes which was mediated by motivation. In addition, it was found that the motivation of students from urban areas is higher than those from rural areas. It suggests that the native location of students influences their motivation.
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Nixon, Charles M., Lonnie P. Hansen, Paul A. Brewer, James E. Chelsvig, Terry L. Esker, Dwayne Etter, Joseph B. Sullivan, Robert G. Koerkenmeier, and Philip C. Mankin. "Survival of white-tailed deer in intensively farmed areas of Illinois." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-010.
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Survival of 265 female and 224 male [Formula: see text]1-year-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) marked on 3 study areas in central and northern Illinois was examined. Females lived, on average, 5.5 years and males 2.5 years from birth. Twenty-four of the 265 females lived for at least 10 years from birth, but only 14 males for at least 5 years. The oldest female was 18 years of age and the oldest male 9 years old when killed. For both sexes, deaths were concentrated in the fall, with males more likely to die than females. Males were more likely to die from hunting and females from other causes. Known wounding deaths were 1 for every 3 retrieved deer for archers and 1 for every 8 for firearms hunters. Dispersing male and female yearlings and 2-year-olds suffered greater mortality than did sedentary deer. Annual survival rates of yearling and older females ranged from 0.56 (dispersing 2-year-olds) to 0.92 (8-year-olds). Survival was significantly reduced for 5-year-old females compared with those both older and younger. Annual survival of rates males ranged from 0.35 (dispersing 2-year-olds) to 0.76 (sedentary yearlings).
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Sokolenko, V. "Specifics of professional phagocyte activity in residents of radiation-contaminated areas." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 71, no. 1 (2016): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2016.71.13-15.
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We studied phagocytic activity indices in patients aged 18-24 who lived from birth in the territories contaminated with radionuclides due to the Chornobyl catastrophe. We revealed that in the analyzed years there has been a gradual decline in indices of phagocytic number and phagocytic index, especially pronounced for populations of monocytes. There is a growing negative correlation between the activity of 137Cs in contaminated areas and phagocytic activity of monocytes in the population of these territories from 1995 to 2014.
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Miller, Claudia S. "White Paper: Chemical Sensitivity: History and Phenomenology." Toxicology and Industrial Health 10, no. 4-5 (July 1994): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379401000501.
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Nearly everyone has heard something about chemical sensitivity, either from personal experience with someone who has the condition or from the media. The television series Northern Exposure recently featured a chemically sensitive attorney who lived in a geodesic dome in Alaska, and L.A. Law depicted the struggles of a Persian Gulf veteran with chemical sensitivities who lost his case against the Veterans Administration, but may appeal later in the season. Television news programs and the printed media have showcased patients living spartan existences in remote areas or in aluminum foil-lined rooms. Our views of the illness no doubt are colored by our own personal experiences of it. While some discount or make jokes about chemical sensitivity or these patients, physicians who have seen a number of them are discovering that many appear to be credible individuals with prior good work records who say they became ill following an identifiable exposure to chemicals.
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Donkersley, Philip, Justine M. Blanford, Renan Batista Queiroz, Farley W. S. Silva, Claudine M. Carvalho, Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi, and Simon L. Elliot. "Witch’s Broom Disease of Lime (Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia): Identifying High-Risk Areas by Climatic Mapping." Journal of Economic Entomology 111, no. 6 (August 20, 2018): 2553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy248.
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Abstract Biological invasions of vectorborne diseases can be devastating. Bioclimatic modeling provides an opportunity to assess and predict areas at risk from complex multitrophic interactions of pathogens, highlighting areas in need of increased monitoring effort. Here, we model the distribution of an economically critical vectorborne plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, the etiological agent of Witches’ Broom Disease of Lime. This disease is a significant limiting factor on acid lime production (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) in the Middle East and threatens its production globally. We found that temperature, humidity, and the vector populations significantly determine disease distribution. Following this, we used bioclimatic modeling to predict potential novel sites of infections. The model outputs identified potential novel sites of infection in the citrus producing regions of Brazil and China. We also used our model to explore sites in Oman where the pathogen may not be infectious, and suggest nurseries be established there. Recent major turbulence in the citrus agricultural economy has highlighted the importance of this work and the need for appropriate and targeted monitoring programs to safeguard lime production.
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Yvonne, Lugali, Zziwa Ahamada, Banadda Noble, Wanyama Joshua, Kabenge Isa, Kambugu Robert, and Tumutegyereize Peter. "Modeling sludge accumulation rates in lined pit latrines in slum areas of Kampala City, Uganda." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2016): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2016.2106.
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Lauver, Lori S. "The Lived Experience of Foster Parents of Children With Special Needs Living in Rural Areas." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, no. 4 (August 2010): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2009.04.004.
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Linares, C., O. Bianchimani, O. Torrents, C. Marschal, P. Drap, and J. Garrabou. "Marine Protected Areas and the conservation of long-lived marine invertebrates: the Mediterranean red coral." Marine Ecology Progress Series 402 (March 8, 2010): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08436.
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Dong, Z., C. Qun, Z. Wang, Y. M. Xiong, and D. Liu. "PAM8 THE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CONTENT OF ESTROGEN LEVELS IN WOMEN LIVED IN AREAS WITH HIGH SELENIUM AND AREAS WITH NORMAL SELENIUM." Value in Health 22 (November 2019): S416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.096.
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Wang, Yun. "Study on Modification of Rammed Earth Material in Mountain Areas." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1178.
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In order to explore the proper modified materials of the raw-soil building in mountain area, the raw-soil modified materials now being used commonly are analyzed effectively at first, and the natural reborn starch resource is thought which has a promising application prospect. In the end, experiments on compressive properties and shear properties of raw-soil material modified by quicklime, slaked lime and starch with different incorporation rates are carried out, and the tests show starch is applicable to modify raw-soil in mountain area.
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Patokoski, J., T. M. Ruuskanen, M. K. Kajos, R. Taipale, P. Rantala, J. Aalto, T. Ryyppö, T. Nieminen, H. Hakola, and J. Rinne. "Sources of long-lived atmospheric VOCs at the rural boreal forest site, SMEAR II." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 23 (December 7, 2015): 13413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13413-2015.
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Abstract. In this study a long-term volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentration data set, measured at the SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland during the years 2006–2011, was analyzed in order to identify source areas and profiles of the observed VOCs. VOC mixing ratios were measured using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Four-day HYSPLIT 4 (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) backward trajectories and the Unmix 6.0 receptor model were used for source area and source composition analysis. Two major forest fire events in Russia took place during the measurement period. The effect of these fires was clearly visible in the trajectory analysis, lending confidence to the method employed with this data set. Elevated volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of non-biogenic VOCs related to forest fires, e.g. acetonitrile and aromatic VOCs, were observed. Ten major source areas for long-lived VOCs (methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, and toluene) observed at the SMEAR II site were identified. The main source areas for all the targeted VOCs were western Russia, northern Poland, Kaliningrad, and the Baltic countries. Industrial areas in northern continental Europe were also found to be source areas for certain VOCs. Both trajectory and receptor analysis showed that air masses from northern Fennoscandia were less polluted with respect to both the VOCs studied and other trace gases (CO, SO2 and NOx), compared to areas of eastern and western continental Europe, western Russia, and southern Fennoscandia.
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Patokoski, J., T. M. Ruuskanen, M. K. Kajos, R. Taipale, P. Rantala, J. Aalto, T. Ryyppö, T. Nieminen, H. Hakola, and J. Rinne. "Sources of long-lived atmospheric VOCs at the rural boreal forest site, SMEAR II." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 10 (May 26, 2015): 14593–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-14593-2015.
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Abstract. In this study a long-term volatile organic compounds (VOCs) data set, measured at the SMEAR II (Station for measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) boreal forest site at Hyytiälä, Finland during the years 2006–2011, was investigated. VOC mixing ratios were measured using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Four-day backward trajectories and the Unmix 6.0 receptor model were used for source area and source composition analysis. Two major forest fire events, one in Eastern Europe and one in Russia, took place during the measurement period. The effect of these fires was clearly visible in the trajectory analysis, lending confidence to the method employed with this data set. Elevated volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of non-biogenic VOCs, e.g. acetonitrile and aromatic VOCs, related to forest fires were observed. Ten major source areas for long-lived VOCs (methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene and toluene) were identified at the SMEAR II site. The main source areas for all the targeted VOCs were Western Russia, Northern Poland, Kaliningrad and Baltic countries. Industrial areas in Northern Continental Europe were also found to be source areas for certain VOCs. Both trajectory and receptor analysis showed that air masses from Northern Fennoscandia were less polluted with both the VOCs studied and with other trace gases (CO, SO2 and NOx) than areas of Eastern and Western Continental Europe, Western Russia and Southern Fennoscandia.
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Acob, Joel Rey U. "LIVED EXPERIENCES OF THE ABUSED ELDERLY." Public Health of Indonesia 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36685/phi.v4i1.172.
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Aim: The study determined individual lived experiences of the abused elderly in the provinces of Leyte and Biliran.Methods: The study utilized qualitative phenomenology. Interviews are made and recorded, then later transcribed verbatim. Collaizi’s method is used as method of analysis to obtain themes of the lived experiences of the ten abused key informants.Results: Based from results, most of the abused entities are female, widowed aging 6o to 65 years old, earning less than 2000 pesos per month and are dependently living in a nuclear family structure for 40 years. Based on their responses to the open-ended guide questions, key informants revealed emotional mistreatment being the most extensive type of abuse. Physical and sexual maltreatment are also evident amidst their old age. Family members and employers are the main identified perpetrators of the elderly. Bruises on most covered areas in their body, rope burns, torn undergarments, being touched without consent are some of the objective indicators of abuse. Themes such as family violence and workplace mistreatment are the most common form of abuse experienced.Conclusion: Based from the findings, it is recommended that the local government and concerned stakeholders to timely review existing rules protecting vulnerable adults especially its implementation.
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Tomura, Miyuki. "A Prostitute's Lived Experiences of Stigma." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 40, no. 1 (2009): 51–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916209x427981.
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AbstractThis research used a semi-structured interview method and Smith and Osborn's (2003) interpretive phenomenological analysis to investigate a female prostitute's experiences of stigma associated with her work. To structure the interview schedule, Seidman's (2006) in-depth phenomenologically based interviewing method, which comprises three areas of focus, “focused life history,” “details of the experience” under investigation, and “reflection of the meaning” of the experience, was used as a general guide. Ten broad psychological themes were identified: 1) awareness of engaging in what people think is bad; (2) negative labeling by people who discover she is a prostitute; 3) hiding and lying about her identity as a prostitute to avoid being labeled negatively; 4) hiding and lying about her prostitution identity result in stress, anxiety, and exhaustion; 5) wishing she did not have to hide and lie about being a prostitute; 6) questioning and objecting to the stigmatization of prostitution; 7) managing the sense of stigmatization by persons who know about her prostitution by shifting focus away from devaluing and toward valuable qualities of prostitution; 8) developing occupational esteem and self-esteem through reflection of values; 9) compassion towards other people who suffer from stigma; and 10) resiliency.
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A, Lathakumari, and Iyyappan A. "CUSTOMS, ETIQUETEE AND MANNERS OF IRULA TRIBES IN VILLUPURAM DISTRICT." International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation 1, no. 7 (September 15, 2021): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53633/ijmasri.2021.1.7.02.
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This article mainly focused on the customs and manners of Irula Tribals in Villupuram District. India has consisted second largest tribal population next to Africa. Moreover, the fifty percent of the tribal population lived in India. The Census of 2011 has authenticated the above statement that around 8.6 percent of total population is tribals. There are 537 ethnic groups were lived in India, and 75 are declared as primitive tribals. Among them 449 tribals were lived in the forests and forest fringes and linked with the forest economy. The Irulas are speread over entire Tamil Nadu, and their profession belongs to the region where they lived. Tribals were lived both plains areas and Hilly regions in Tamil Nadu. On the path, the Irula tribals were lived both forms. The villupuram district has consisted Irulas in plain areas. Being a minor tribals groups were faced some constrains through education, job, and settlement. They are aboriginal’s faced lot of difficulties from the other communities. They are neglected and had lack of awareness, illiteracy lead their life style into hell. The tribals are the aboriginals who lived in the separate settlements in Villupruam District. They are migrated from the hills for the life and livelihood. Irulas worked the traditional ways, however, they lifestyle and their job has been changed by the modernization. Keywords: Aboriginals, Irulas, Customs and manners, lifestyle, Primitive tribals, Villupruam District
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Law, Michael R., Deborah Heard, Judith Fisher, Jay Douillard, Greg Muzika, and Ingrid S. Sketris. "The geographic accessibility of pharmacies in Nova Scotia." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 146, no. 1 (January 2013): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163512473062.
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Introduction: Geographic proximity is an important component of access to primary care and the pharmaceutical services of community pharmacies. Variations in access to primary care have been found between rural and urban areas in Canadian and international jurisdictions. We studied access to community pharmacies in the province of Nova Scotia. Methods: We used information on the locations of 297 community pharmacies operating in Nova Scotia in June 2011. Population estimates at the census block level and network analysis were used to study the number of Nova Scotia residents living within 800 m (walking) and 2 km and 5 km (driving) distances of a pharmacy. We then simulated the impact of pharmacy closures on geographic access in urban and rural areas. Results: We found that 40.3% of Nova Scotia residents lived within walking distance of a pharmacy; 62.6% and 78.8% lived within 2 km and 5 km, respectively. Differences between urban and rural areas were pronounced: 99.2% of urban residents lived within 5 km of a pharmacy compared with 53.3% of rural residents. Simulated pharmacy closures had a greater impact on geographic access to community pharmacies in rural areas than urban areas. Conclusion: The majority of Nova Scotia residents lived within walking or short driving distance of at least 1 community pharmacy. While overall geographic access appears to be lower than in the province of Ontario, the difference appears to be largely driven by the higher proportion of rural dwellers in Nova Scotia. Further studies should examine how geographic proximity to pharmacies influences patients’ access to traditional and specialized pharmacy services, as well as health outcomes and adherence to therapy. Can Pharm J 2013;146:39-46.
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Utechenko, D. "Peculiarities of reproduction of human capital in rural areas." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (155) (May 21, 2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-155-1-6-17.
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The article summarizes the factors that have the most significant negative impact on the development of social and economic spheres of rural areas. Research on the response of human capital to destructive manifestations in the economy is highlighted, as well as a number of factors of manifestation of these destructive phenomena in the development of rural areas. Analyzed the most priority problems of development of rural areas in relation to each stage of social progress. Isolated and characterized the key steps in the development of the agricultural sector and its spatial framework of rural territories, namely with the settlements in which they lived rural, and has concentrated material and technical means of production. The highest priority issues of rural development in relation to each stage of social progress are analyzed. The key stages of development of the agricultural sector and its spatial basis – rural areas, namely with the settlements in which the villagers lived and the material and technical means of production were concentrated, are highlighted and characterized. Special attention is paid to the causes of migration of the rural population, which in turn has led to the search and analysis of certain measures to inhibit the negative effects of this process. It was found out that the implementation of agrarian and land reforms, as well as the transition to a socially oriented model of market economy had a negative impact, resulting in an increase in the number of degrading villages and the formation of new organizational and legal forms. A number of negative trends affecting the development of the agricultural sector have been identified, among which the social resources of rural areas are a priority. It was found that the main element of social resources of the village is the rural population, the lion's share of which belongs to labor resources, which act as a link, which determines the interdependence of its economic and social development. It is substantiated that the constant presence of the socio-economic system, which is a rural area, in a state of counteraction to "external shocks" causes changes in the specific content of the characteristics of the environment and its resources, which requires consideration of its state in developing strategic rural development programs. The basic principles of formation of human capital reproduction potential of rural territories are allocated, functions of rural territories as a habitat and vital activity and directions of purposeful policy of rural development are generalized. Key words: reproduction of human capital, rural areas, sustainable development, rural development.
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Šilinskas, Benas, Aistė Povilaitienė, Gintautas Urbaitis, Marius Aleinikovas, and Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė. "The Wood Quality of Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Trees in an Urban Area: A Pilot Study." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040420.
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This study performed a pilot evaluation of the wood quality—defined by a single parameter: dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn, N mm−2)—of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) trees in urban areas. A search of the literature revealed few studies which examined the specifics of tree wood development in urban areas. Little is known about the potential of wood from urban trees wood of their suitability for the timber industry. In this study, an acoustic velocity measuring system was used for wood quality assessment of small-leaved lime trees. The MOEdyn parameter was evaluated for small-leaved lime trees growing in two urban locations (along the streets, and in an urban park), with an additional sample of forest sites taken as the control. MOEdyn was also assessed for small-leaved lime trees visually assigned to different health classes. The obtained mean values of MOEdyn of 90–120-year old small-leaved lime trees in urban areas ranged between 2492.2 and 2715.8 N mm−2. For younger trees, the values of MOEdyn were lower in the urban areas than in the forest site. Otherwise, the results of the study showed that the small-leaved lime wood samples were of relatively good quality, even if the tree was classified as moderately damaged (which could cause a potential risk to the community). Two alternatives for urban tree management can be envisaged: (1) old trees could be left to grow to maintain the sustainability of an urban area until their natural death, or (2) the wood from selected moderately damaged trees could be used to create wood products, ensuring long-term carbon retention.
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Antic, Ljiljana, Bosiljka Djikanovic, and Dejana Vukovic. "Family planning among women in urban and rural areas in Serbia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 11-12 (2013): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1312794a.
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Introduction. Family planning is an important aspect of population policy at the state level, because the demographic trends in Serbia are very unfavorable. Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the differences in family planning between the women in rural and urban areas of Serbia. Methods. This study represents the secondary analysis of the National Health Survey of the population in Serbia from 2006, which was conducted as a cross sectional study, on a representative sample of the population. Results. The respondents who used condoms as a method of contraception, were often younger, better educated, had better financial status, lived in Vojvodina, and had no children. Conclusion. Our study showed that there were differences in terms of family planning between the women of urban and rural areas, however, these differences could be explained by differences in age and education.
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Isaac, Benjamin. "The Meaning of the Terms Limes and Limitanei." Journal of Roman Studies 78 (November 1988): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301454.
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It is a commonplace of modern scholarship that the Roman Imperial Army in the frontier areas was organized in limes-systems: fortifications linked by roads along a fixed boundary, marked in many, but not all, parts of the empire by a river or an artificial obstacle: indeed, the term limes is often used as though it were self-explanatory. The term is certainly used in ancient sources; thus while the literature may furnish only fragmentary information on the army and its activities along the border, it does at least apparently provide us with a name to which to link the material remains. Over the past four decades conferences on Roman frontier studies have regularly been held, often under the title ‘Limes Congress’.