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Journal articles on the topic 'Limicolaria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Ehigie, Adeola F., Raphael E. Okonji, Fiyinfoluwa D. Ojeniyi, Mary O. Jesulade, and Leonard O. Ehigie. "Physicochemical Properties of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase: A Cyanide Detoxifying Enzyme from the Hemolymph of Limicolaria flammae (Garden Snail)." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0250).

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Background: 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) is a multifunctional, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic sulphurtransferase that catalyses the detoxification of cyanide to a less toxic thiocyanate. Limicolaria flammea feeds majorly on green leaves, plants and other cyanide containing foods. Methods: 3-MST from the hemolymph of Limicolaria flammae was purified by 70 % ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme was characterized at different levels such as optimal activity, inhibitors, substrate preference, thermal stability and analysis of ki-netic parameters. Results: 3-MST from the hemolymph of Limicolaria flammae had a yield of 0.75 % with specific activity of 0.42 μ/mg/ml. The Km values for the substrates; KCN and 2-Mercaptoethanol were 1.09 and 2.83 mM, while the Vmax values were 3.08 μml/mol/min and 6.17 μml/mol/min respectively. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 5.0 and 60° C respectively. The metals (Al3+, Ca2+, and K+) demonstrated inhibitory activity in a concentration dependent manner. The substrate specificity study showed that sodium sulphite, ammonium per sulphate and ammonium sulphite showed enzymatic interference. Conclusion: This study affirmed the presence of 3-MST activity in the hemolymph of Limicolaria flammea, an indication that the enzyme possesses functional cyanide detoxification mechanism necessary for the survival of the animal in the environment.

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2

Tehi Bernard, Sea, Envin Bogui Jacques Anicet, Akoa Essoma Edwige, Saki Suomion Justin, and Kouamé Lucien Patrice. "Consumption and Use of Snail Limicolaria Flammea (Müller, 1774) in the City of Abidjan, Cote D’ivoire." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.110-115.2760.

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The nutritional survey on the snail Limicolaria flammea (Müller, 1774) integrated several aspects and made it possible to understand in particular socio-demographic characteristics of populations surveyed, the knowledge of the snail Limicolaria flammea (according to municipalities visited), vernacular names, consumption parameters, associated uses and the conservation of the meat of this snail. It appears that 55.33% of respondents are women and 44.67% are men. The most important age group is between 20-34 years old. In this age group, 50.12% of people say they consume the snail Limicolaria flammea. Ethnic groups, Akan (55.73%), Krou (35.21%), Mande (6.26%), and foreigners (2.8%) are thus represented in this study and have expressed their opinions on the knowledge and consumption of this animal species. Vernacular names (23 vernacular names) are quite different from each other according to ethnic groups. Consumption parameters showed that the flesh of snail is used for food (65.65%). Also, the shell of snail is used for medical (29.25%), and aesthetic (8.95%). Diseases treated are pain (20.46%) and rheumatism (6.90%). Investigations have shown that 61.70% of consumers keep the snail's flesh fresh, 38.30% of them smoked. The storage time most observed by consumers (65.40%) is 1 to 4 days.

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3

Cabaret, J., and C. Chartier. "Muellerius capillaris in north-east Zaire: prevalence in sheep and goats and determination of intermediate hosts." Journal of Helminthology 63, no. 4 (December 1989): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00009184.

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ABSTRACTMuellerius capillaris was the only species of nematode recovered from the lungs of young and adult sheep and goats of north-east Zaire. The prevalences were of 19% (sheep) and 32% (goats). The slug Atoxon pallens contained larvae in natural conditions and represents a potential intermediate host. The land snails Achatinidae (Achatina stuhlmanni and Limicolaria spp.) could not be experimentally infected with M. capillaris larvae.

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4

Udoh, Anthony P., Edet O. Akpanyung, and Ironge E. Igiran. "Nutrients and anti-nutrients in small snails (Limicolaria aurora)." Food Chemistry 53, no. 3 (January 1995): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)93927-j.

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5

EGONMWAN, ROSEMARY I. "FOOD SELECTION IN THE LAND SNAIL LIMICOLARIA FLAMMEA MÜLLER (PULMONATA: ACHATINIDAE)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 58, no. 1 (1992): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/58.1.49.

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6

OWEN, D. F. "A POPULATION STUDY OF AN EQUATORIAL LAND SNAIL, LIMICOLARIA MARTENSIANA (ACHATINIDAE)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 144, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb05188.x.

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7

Owen, D. F. "Ecological aspects of polymorphism in an African land snail, Limicolaria martensiana." Journal of Zoology 159, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb03072.x.

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8

Haynes, C. Vance, and Albert R. Mead. "Radiocarbon Dating and Paleoclimatic Significance of Subfossil Limicolaria in Northwestern Sudan." Quaternary Research 28, no. 1 (July 1987): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90035-4.

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AbstractThe discovery, identification, and radiocarbon dating of the large achatinid land snail Limicolaria kambeul chudeaui at six places in northwestern Sudan, north of the 100-mm isohyet, provide convincing evidence that at least 300 mm annual rainfall existed there 6000 yr ago. Since then the rainfall north of ca. 20°N lat in the eastern Sahara has certainly been <300 mm and probably <200 mm. Accelerator mass spectrometry has allowed the organic fraction, presumably conchiolin, to be accurately radiocarbon dated whereas carbonate fractions are ca. 600 yr too old. Comparative studies show the subfossil form, L. k. chudeaui, to be the most primitive in its species complex and to occupy a narrow east-west belt across Africa north of 15°N and west of 35°E. The northern limit of living forms lies within the southern part of the Sahelian zone in forest or forest-savanna. They cannot live in open grassland. Therefore, the distribution of L. k. chudeaui marks the former northern position of this zone during the middle Holocene, indicating a latitudinal shift of at least 5° (500 km).

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9

Awharitoma, A. O., C. E. Okaka, and S. E. Obaze. "Larval stages of Brachylaima fuscatum in the terrestrial snail Limicolaria aurora from southern Nigeria." Journal of Helminthology 77, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002155.

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AbstractOf 150 specimens of the gastropod snail Limicolaria aurora examined from the Edo and Delta states of Nigeria, 63.4% were infected with larval digeneans comprising mother sporocysts (12.1%) daughter sporocysts (20.4%) cercariae (43.1%) and metacercariae (24.5%). Attempts to experimentally infect three 14-day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus) and two laboratory-bred 4-month-old mice (Mus musculus) by oral feeding and peritoneal injection with cercariae were negative, although experimental infections of chicks via a cloacal drop yielded 62 immature and 37 mature worms from the intestinal caeca and ileum. The worms were identified as Brachylaima fuscatum (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae). The study also revealed that L. aurora acts as an intermediate host for B. fuscatum, in addition to Eulota sp., Helix sp., Helicella sp., Oxychilus sp. and Agrolimax sp.

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10

Kuku, Adenike. "Comparative Study of Thiaminase in Headfoot and Hepatopancreas of Limicolaria flammea (Müller, 1774)." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2012): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2012/1087.

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11

Tan, Siong Kiat, and Gopalasamy Reuben Clements. "Limicolaria flammea (Müller, 1774), Another Potentially Invasive African Land Snail in Tropical Asia." Tropical Conservation Science 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194008291100400109.

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12

EGONMWAN, ROSEMARY I. "THE EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON GROWTH RATE IN LIMICOLARIA FLAMMEA MÜLLER (PULMONATA: ACHATINIDAE)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 58, no. 1 (1992): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/58.1.57.

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13

Okolle, Nambangia Justin, Cheke Limunga Bernadette Tientcheu, Ekwa Yaw Monono, Abwe Dione Mercy Ngone, and Afui Mathias Mih. "Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of Limicolaria spp. infesting banana plantations in South West, Cameroon." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2019.3.2.0052.

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14

Owiny, A. M. "Some aspects of the breeding biology of the equatorial land snail Limicolaria martensiana (Achatinidae: Pulmonata)." Journal of Zoology 172, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb04101.x.

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15

Envin Bogui Jacques Anicet, Ekissi Elvis Serge Gbocho, Sea Tehi Bernard, Rougbo N’djoman Paterne, and Kouamé Lucien Patrice. "Effects (in vivo) of the nutritional potential of snail Limicolaria flammea (Müller) meat on wistar rats." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.2.0108.

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16

Michael, Olufemi AWODIRAN, and Omololu OGUNJOBI Zaccheaus. "Genetic diversity in two populations of Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1839) from two ecological zones in Nigeria." African Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 25 (June 22, 2016): 1306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2015.15154.

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17

Chukwuka, Christian Onyeka, and Vincent Chikwendu Ejere. "Physiological adjustment of the genus Limicolaria (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) during aestivation and activity in tropical agro-ecosystem." Molluscan Research 39, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2018.1533398.

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18

Nsa, E., G. Wogar, and S. Etienam-Umoh. "Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed Increasing Levels of Limicolaria aurora (Gardensnail) as Replacement for Fish Meal." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2016/23313.

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19

Allen, John A. "The genetics of streaked and unstreaked morphs of the snails Achatina sylvatica Putzeys and Limicolaria cailliaudi (Pfeiffer)." Heredity 54, no. 1 (February 1985): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1985.13.

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20

Egonmwan, Rosemary I. "Light and electron microscopy study of late embryonic development in the land snail Limicolaria flammea (Müller) (Pulmonata, Achatinidae)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000200022.

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The late stages of embryogenesis in the achatinid land snail Limicolariaflammea (Müller, 1774) were described using light and electron microscopy. Embryos at various stages of development were present in the eggs during the first hour after they were laid, from 4-cell blastulae to morulae and fairly advanced stages. The advanced embryo which was fully developed on the second day bears a long cephalic sac, first to be developed, attached to the embryo and a podocyst which is attached to the foot of the embryo. Both of these structures are reduced in size as embryogenesis progresses until they finally disappear at about the 7th day after the egg was deposited. The embryonic shell was apparent on the second day and spiral coiling was apparent at about day 5. The spiral shell had one whorl when formed and more spirals were added so that at hatching the young snails had three whorls.

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21

Winnepennickx, Birgitta, Thierry Backeljau, Yves van de Peer, and Rupert De Wachter. "Structure of the small ribosomal subunit RNA of the pulmonate snail,Limicolaria kambeul, and phylogenetic analysis of the Metazoa." FEBS Letters 309, no. 2 (September 7, 1992): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(92)81078-z.

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22

Egonmwan, Rosemary I. "An Ultrastructural Study of the Seminal Vesicle of the Hermaphrodite Duct of the Land Snail Limicolaria flammea (Müller) (Pulmonata: chatinidae)." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 15, 2007): 1835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.1835.1839.

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23

Igbinosa, I. B., C. Isaac, H. O. Adamu, and G. Adeleke. "Parasites of edible land snails in Edo State, Nigeria." Helminthologia 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0031.

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Summary Land snails are sources of protein to man and are hosts to a number of parasites. It is imperative that the roles of the snail hosts and parasites are clearly defined. Before then however, the parasites of the different land snails collected in any locality should be identified. Land snails were collected in the wild in both dry and wet seasons. The internal organs and the faeces were examined for the presence of parasite. In the rainy season of 2015, a total of 272 snails were collected across four major towns (Benin, Uromi, Ekpoma and Auchi) in Edo State, Nigeria, while in the dry season, fewer snails (n=91) were handpicked. The snail species seen are: Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Férussac, 1821), Acharchatina marginata (Swainson, 1982), Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1839), L. flammea (Müller, 1774) and Limicolariopsis spp. The larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were isolated from the various snail species with overall prevalence of 54.04 %. Snails positive with Alaria mesocercariae were L. aurora, L. flammea and Limicolariopsis spp. Additionally, few L. flammea were positive of the cercariae of Drocoelium dedriticum. Meanwhile, some samples of A. fulica harboured larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonesis, sporocysts of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mansoni. Therefore, these edible snails could pose serious health hazard to man and animals by serving as a possible alternative parasite transmission route.

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24

Ebenso, I. E., I. P. Solomon, C. C. Akoje, I. P. Akpan, P. M. Eko, E. A. Akpan, and A. J. Omole. "Bioaccumulation of Iron, Zinc, Cadmium and Chromium by Juvenile Snail Limicolaria aurora J., Fed Edible Mushroom Pleurotus spp from Niger Delta, Nigeria." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 90, no. 3 (December 11, 2012): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0920-4.

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25

Leng, Melanie J., Tim H. E. Heaton, Henry F. Lamb, and Fred Naggs. "Carbon and oxygen isotope variations within the shell of an African land snail (Limicolaria kambeul chudeauiGermain): a high-resolution record of climate seasonality?" Holocene 8, no. 4 (May 1998): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/095968398669296159.

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Ebenso, IE, S. Chukwu, S. Udo, CU Ukpai, MT Udo, U. Umanah, A. Isang, and A. Akam. "Some Behavioural Responses Of Limicolaria aurora Exposed To Gramoxone." Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 26, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njps.v19i1.32640.

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27

Sowemimo, OA, and SO Asaolu. "Preliminary studies of the helminth parasites of Limicolaria Aurora in Ile-Ife, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (February 4, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v6i2.32133.

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28

Kanga, Armand Kouassi, Djary Michel Koffi, Bernard Téhi Sea, Jaures Oscar Gbotognon, and Lucien Patrice Kouamé. "Biochemical Characterization of Two Polygalacturonases Purified from the Digestive Juice of the Snail Limicolaria flammea." Biotechnology Journal International, March 17, 2021, 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bji/2021/v25i130133.

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Polygalacturonases constitute the major part of pectinase preparations for many bioprocess purposes. Investigation on the digestive juice of snail Limicolaria flammea led to purification of two polygalacturonases named PG1 and PG2. Properties of these enzymes were examined to explore their potential in biotechnology applications. A three steps procedure including size exclusion, anion and cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography were used for purification. The enzymes PG1 and PG2 had native molecular weights of approximately 46 and 86 kDa, respectively and functioned both as monomeric structures. The purified polygalacturonases PG1 and PG2 showed optimum hydrolysis activities at 50°C in sodium acetate buffer pH 5.6. The common inhibitor of the two purified polygalacturonases activity were Mn2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, EDTA, SDS and L-cystein. NH3+ stimulate the polygalacturonase PG1 while Ba2+ was an activator for polygalacturonase PG2. Substrate specificity indicated that these enzymes hydrolyse a broad range of pectin from different sources. The highest activity of PG1 was observed with apple pectin and lemon pectin while PG2 showed its highest activity with orange pectin. The catalytic efficiency of PG1 was highest for lemon pectin (0.125 µmol/min/mL) and orange pectin (0.124 µmol/min/mL). PG2 displayed highest catalytic efficiency (0.325 µmol/min/mL) towards orange pectin. These results suggest that orange and lemon pectin would be the potential physiological substrates of the two purified enzymes.

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29

Mamadou, Karamoko, Memel Jean-Didié, Kouassi Kouadio Danie, and Otchoumou Atcho. "Influence de la densité animale sur la croissance et la reproduction de l’escargot Limicolaria flammea (Müller) en conditions d’elevage." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 27, no. 2 (August 15, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.272760.

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Des escargots juvéniles de Limicolaria flammea (Müller) âgés d’environ deux mois avec un poids vif moyen de 1,20 ± 0,02 g et une longueur coquillière moyenne de 15,37 ± 2,34 mm ont étérepartis en 4 densités (100, 200, 300 et 400 escargots/m2) pendant 12 mois afin d’étudier l’effet de la densité sur leur croissance et leur reproduction. Les meilleures performances biologiques sont obtenuesà la densité de 100 escargots /m2 qui induit une bonne ingestion alimentaire (0,14 ± 0,002 g/j/g de poids vif), une meilleure croissance, une faible mortalité (16%) et permet aux escargots de produire plusieurs fois dans l’année, un grand nombre d’oeufs avec un taux d’éclosion élevé (70,33%) après un temps d’incubation relativement court (12 ± 1,8 jours), contrairement à la densité de 400 escargots /m2 où les animaux se nourrissent peu (0,005 ± 0,002 g/j/g de poids vif), se reproduisent faiblement avec un tauxde mortalité de 60%.

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30

I. Egonmwan, Rosemary. "Effects of dietary calcium on growth and oviposition of the African land snail Limicolaria flammea (Pulmonata: Achatinidae)." Revista de Biología Tropical 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i1.5528.

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31

Felagha, I., M. O. Monanu, and B. A. Amadi. "Mineral, Fatty and Amino Acids Composition of Three Species of Mollusks (Egeria radiata, Limicolaria flammea and Viviparus contectus)." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, March 19, 2020, 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2020/v6i230112.

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The present study investigates the mineral, fatty acid and amino acids composition of E. radiata, V. contectus and L. flammea. All samples analyzed in this study were obtained from Yenagoa in Bayelsa state of Nigeria. Mineral composition was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), fatty acids were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while amino acids composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Eight (8) nutritionally essential minerals were detected in all samples analyzed in this study; the concentration of minerals in order of increasing concentration was Cu>Mn>Mg>Na>Ca>Zn>K>Fe, Cu>Mn>Na>Mg>Ca>Zn>K>Fe and Cu>Mn>Mg>Ca>Na>Zn>Fe>K for E. radiata, V. contectus and L. flammea respectively. Lauric acid, myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, Linoleic acid, arachidic acid and arachidonic acid were detected in varying amounts in all samples. Palmitic acid concentration in E. radiata was the most abundant in all samples while oleic acid concentration in L. flammea was the least. A total of eighteen (18) amino acids were detected in all samples analyzed in this study: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, tryptophan, threonine, Methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine, lysine and Cysteine. In E. radiata, leucine had the highest concentration (21.287mg/100g) while proline was the least (2.854mg/100g); glutamic acid and methionine were the highest and least (19.389mg/100g and 2.996mg/100g respectively) in V. Contectus samples and Histidine and tryptophan were the highest and least respectively (11.639mg/100g and 1.415mg/100g). Aspartate, lysine and histidine were not detected in both samples. From the findings of this study, the samples analyzed in this study are good sources of fatty acids, amino acids and nutritionally essential minerals hence their consumption is encouraged.

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Leng, Melanie J., H. F. Lamb, Mohammed Umer Mohammed, and Elias Dadebo. "The land snail Limicolaria kambeul chudeaui Germain in the Ethiopian Rift Valley: habitat, ecology and shell isotope geochemistry." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v21i1.18109.

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33

Okwara, OK. "Population biology of the common land snail Limicolaria flammea in an isolated garden at area F Abu, Samaru, Zaria." Plant Products Research Journal 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/pprj.v8i1.35235.

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34

Egonmwan, RI. "Control of oviposition by the removal of optic tentacles in the land snail LIMICOLARIA FLAMMEA (M&3220LLER) (PULMONATA: ACHATINIDAE)." Zoologist (The) 4, no. 1 (August 20, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v4i1.45202.

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35

Uba, Bright Obidinma, Chisom Judith Okonkwo, and Odera Richard Umeh. "Experimental Assessment of the Toxicity Effects of Phone Battery Wastes on Aquatic and Terrestrial Bioindicators." Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, August 22, 2020, 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2020/v5i130117.

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Aims: The present study aimed at assessing the toxicity effects of phone battery wastes on aquatic and terrestrial bioindicators. Study Design: Five treatments and the controls designs designated as 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, CTRL and 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, CTRL were set up in triplicates and incubated for 24 h, 72 h and 20 days at 25 ± 2°C. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria during May, 2019 - August, 2019. Methodology: The growth inhibition and mortality were analyzed using Aspergillus terreus toxicity test, Allium cepa toxicity test and Limicolaria flammea toxicity test. Results: The results revealed that marine water (7.12 logCFU/mL) was shown to had more fungal count than the fresh water (7.07 logCFU/mL) ecosystem. On A. terreus, Itel in fresh water sample had the highest LC50 values of 30.49% while Gionee in fresh water sample had the lowest LC50 values of 21.74% after 24 h, respectively. The Itel battery sample had higher EC50 value (86.08%) than Gionee battery sample with EC50 value of 65.46% after 72 h on A. cepa. On L. flammea, Itel phone battery sample had lower (5.11%) LC50 value than Gionee phone battery sample with higher (6.20%) LC50 value at 6 mg/kg concentration after 20 days’ exposure, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that indiscriminate release of E- wastes into the aquatic and terrestrial environments should be discouraged.

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Felagha, I., M. O. Monanu, and B. A. Amadi. "Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Three Species of Mollusks (Egeria radiata, Limicolaria flammea and Viviparus contectus) from Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, May 26, 2020, 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2020/v10i330242.

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Heavy metals pose a threat to human health and their presence in specific matrices is anthropogenic. The work focuses on the penetration of the food chain through the ingestion of mollusk proteins. This study evaluated the composition of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn) in three species of mollusks (Limicolaria flammea, Viviparus contectus, Egeria radiata) from Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria and the health risk associated with their consumption. Heavy metals concentration was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Health risk associated with consumption of the samples were assessed by Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR). EDI, THQ and CR were done by calculation following standards. Heavy metals concentration range in the samples were: Cd (0.289±0.00 mg/kg - 0.667±0.00 mg/kg), Mn (0.816±0.00 mg/kg - 0.934±0.00 mg/kg), Pb (0.082±0.00 mg/kg - 0.092±0.00 mg/kg) and Zn (4.114±0.00 mg/kg - 8.534±0.00 mg/kg); Cr was not detected in neither of the samples. EDI of heavy metals through consumption of these samples were within acceptable limits for all heavy metals detected. THQ ranges were as follows: Cd (0.4949-1.1420), Mn (0.000017-0.000019), Pb (0.0401 - 0.0450) and Zn (0.0016 - 0.0066). THQ values indicate that there is no human risk concern of risk for humans except Cd (in E. radiata). CR values for Cd were as follows: L. flammea (3.8×10-3), E. radiata (4.34×10-4) and V. contectus (1.88×10-4). CR values were within acceptable limits with the exception of Cd in L. flammea. The present study shows that the samples contained detectable levels of heavy metals however their consumption do not pose any form of health risk with the except for Cd in L. flammea, hence the carcinogenic role of L. flammea stands out for its high content of Cd.

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Ebenso, IE, FN Bassey, and AD Ologhobo. "Antifeedant Activty Of Different Organic Solvent Crude Extracts Of Euphorbia hirta Latex On The Edible Tropical Land Snail (Limicolaria aurora)." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (February 5, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v4i2.33783.

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