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Journal articles on the topic 'Limit loads'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Wahba, Yohanna M. F., Murty K. S. Madugula, and Gerard R. Monforton. "Limit states design of antenna towers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 6 (1994): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-097.

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The Canadian Standard CAN/CSA-S37-M86 “Antennas, towers and antenna supporting structures” follows a quasi-limit states approach in which the member forces determined for specified loads are multiplied by a unified factor and compared with factored resistances given in CAN3-S16.1-M84. This results in designs basically the same as those resulting from a working stress design with a factor of safety of 5/3. Such structures exhibit a non-linear structural behaviour even under service loads. Thus the effect of ice accretion and direct interaction between wind and ice does not permit the load facto

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2

Barabanov, O. O. "Coincidence of limit loads." Mathematical Notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 46, no. 1 (1989): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01159099.

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3

Seshadri, R. "Limit Loads Using Extended Variational Concepts in Plasticity." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 3 (2000): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556196.

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Lower-bound limit load estimates are relevant from a standpoint of pressure component design, and are acceptable quantities for ascertaining primary stress limits. Elastic modulus adjustment procedures, used in conjunction with linear elastic finite element analyses, generate both statically admissible stress distributions and kinematically admissible strain distributions. Mura’s variational formulation for determining limit loads, originally developed as an alternative to the classical method, is extended further by allowing the elastic calculated stress fields to exceed yield provided they s

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4

Belenkiy, L., and Y. Raskin. "Estimate of the Ultimate Load on Structural Members Subjected to Lateral Loads." Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, no. 03 (2001): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.3.169.

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This paper examines plastic behavior of typical ship structures, specifically beams, grillages, and plates subjected to predominantly lateral loads. The ultimate loads, determined on the basis of the theorems of limit analysis [1,2], are evaluated using nonlinear finite-element plastic analysis. The relationships between analytical and finite-element models for prediction of ultimate loads of beams, stiffened panels, and grillages are illustrated. It has been shown that the ultimate loads, obtained from the theorems of limit analysis, can be successfully used for strength assessment of stiffen

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5

Mangalaramanan, S. P., and R. Seshadri. "ROBUST LIMIT LOADS OF SYMMETRIC AND NON-SYMMETRIC PLATE STRUCTURES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 3 (1995): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1995-0011.

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Robust methods for estimating limit loads of symmetric and non-symmetric plate structures are presented. The methods proposed in this paper for determining limit loads are (1) the r-node method and (2) the semi-circle construction technique. Analytical methods for estimating the limit loads of plate structures are feasible only for simple configurations. Also, determination of limit loads based on assumed collapse mechanisms may not always give upper bound estimates. Limit analysis using inelastic finite element analysis is often elaborate and time consuming. The methods described in this pape

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Chang, Kurng. "Structural Response Loads in Force-Limited Vibration Testing." Journal of the IEST 45, no. 1 (2002): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.45.1.bv71nq036p238625.

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Flight equipment is exposed to random vibration excitations during launch and is functionally designed to survive a shaker random vibration test. In the test, the random vibration design levels will be applied at the equipment-mounting interface and will be force limited to reduce over-testing at shaker hardmount resonance frequencies. As is commonly practiced for heavier equipment, the equipment also is designed to the structural flight limit load. The philosophy of the Limit Load Factors (LLFs) or so-called the Mass Acceleration Curve (MAC) has been adopted over many years for use in the pre

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7

Behjati, Mohamad, and Navid Arjmand. "Biomechanical Assessment of the NIOSH Lifting Equation in Asymmetric Load-Handling Activities Using a Detailed Musculoskeletal Model." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 2 (2018): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818795038.

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Objective: To assess adequacy of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation (NLE) in controlling lumbar spine loads below their recommended action limits during asymmetric load-handling activities using a detailed musculoskeletal model, that is, the AnyBody Modeling System. Background: The NIOSH committee employed simplistic biomechanical models for the calculation of the spine compressive loads with no estimates of the shear loads. It is therefore unknown whether the NLE would adequately control lumbar compression and shear loads below their recommended

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8

Adibi-Asl, R., та R. Seshadri. "Local Limit-Load Analysis Using the mβ Method". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, № 2 (2006): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2716434.

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Several upper-bound limit-load multipliers based on elastic modulus adjustment procedures converge to the lowest upper-bound value after several linear elastic iterations. However, pressure component design requires the use of lower-bound multipliers. Local limit loads are obtained in this paper by invoking the concept of “reference volume” in conjunction with the mβ multiplier method. The lower-bound limit loads obtained compare well to inelastic finite element analysis results for several pressure component configurations.

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9

Menkulasi, Fatmir, Christopher D. Moen, Matthew R. Eatherton, and Dinesha Kuruppuarachchi. "Investigation of Web Post Compression Buckling Limit State and Stiffener Requirements in Castellated Beams." Engineering Journal 54, no. 1 (2017): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v54i1.1110.

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The research presented in this paper addresses the need for a design method to estimate the nominal capacity of castellated beams against concentrated loads. The limit state investigated is that of web post buckling due to compression loads. The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the limit state of web post buckling due to compression loads and (2) to quantify the enhanced capacity of the web post against concentrated loads when stiffeners are provided. Five castellated beam depths are considered, which cover a wide range of the available depths. For each beam section, three l

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10

Shalaby, M. A., and M. Y. A. Younan. "Limit Loads for Pipe Elbows Subjected to In-Plane Opening Moments and Internal Pressure." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 1 (1999): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883661.

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The purpose of this study is to determine limit loads for pipe elbows subjected to inplane bending moments that tend to open the elbow (i.e., increase its radius of curvature), and the influence of internal pressure on the value of the limit load. Load-deflection curves were obtained, and from these curves plastic collapse and instability loads at various values of internal pressure were determined. This was done for different pipe bend factors (h = Rt/r2) using the nonlinear finite element analysis code (ABAQUS) with its special elbow element. A set of limit curves was generated from the resu

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11

Tran, Trung-Dung, and Phu-Huan Vo Nguyen. "Computation of Limit Loads for Bending Plates." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 2 (2023): 10466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5671.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a method for calculating the upper bound limit loads of plate bending using a conforming Hsieh-Clough-Tocher (HCT) element. These limit loads can be obtained from Koiter’s kinematic shakedown theorem for the case of one load vertex instead of using the kinematic limit theorem. When combining this theorem with the approximated displacement field, the limit analysis turns into an optimization problem and can be effectively solved by Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP). Several benchmark plate problems such as square, rectangular, and L-shape plates are in

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12

Bonfochi Vinhaes, Vinicius, Gordon McTaggart-Cowan, Sandeep Munshi, Mahdi Shahbakhti, and Jeffrey D. Naber. "Experimental Studies of Low-Load Limit in a Stoichiometric Micro-Pilot Diesel Natural Gas Engine." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030728.

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While operating at light loads, diesel pilot-ignited natural gas engines with lean premixed natural gas suffer from poor combustion efficiency and high methane emissions. This work investigates the limits of low-load operation for a micro-pilot diesel natural gas engine that uses a stoichiometric mixture to enable methane and nitrogen oxide emission control. By optimizing engine hardware, operating conditions, and injection strategies, this study focused on defining the lowest achievable load while maintaining a stoichiometric equivalence ratio and with acceptable combustion stability. A multi

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13

Lee, Sang Min, Young Hwan Choi, Hae Dong Chung, Yoon Suk Chang, and Young Jin Kim. "Plastic Limit Analysis of an Elbow with Various Wall-Thinning Geometries." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.833.

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A piping system including straight pipes, elbows and tee branches in a nuclear power plant is mostly subjected to severe loading conditions with high temperature and pressure. In particular, the wall-thinning of an elbow due to flow accelerated corrosion is one of safety issues in the nuclear industry. In this respect, it is necessary to investigate the limit loads of an elbow with a wall-thinned part for evaluating integrity. In this paper, three dimensional plastic limit analyses are performed to obtain limit loads of an elbow with different bend angles as well as defect geometries under int

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14

Nebogatov, V. M., and Yu V. Nemirovskii. "The lower limits of the limit loads of perfectly plastic structures." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 56, no. 5 (1992): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8928(92)90056-e.

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15

Michalowski, Radoslaw L. "Limit Loads on Reinforced Foundation Soils." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 130, no. 4 (2004): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:4(381).

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16

Kamenyarzh, Ya A., and A. G. Merzlyakov. "On the theory of limit loads." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 49, no. 4 (1985): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8928(85)90060-7.

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17

Belenkiy, L., and Y. Raskin. "Limit Loads for Laterally Loaded I-Section Beams With Consideration of Shear." Journal of Ship Research 47, no. 02 (2003): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2003.47.2.83.

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The paper examines an effect of shear forces on limit load for I-section beams carrying later alloads. The problem is solve don the basis of a physical model, which enables one to take into account the effect of a resistance of beam flanges to the plastic shears train in the web of the beam. The physical model for the evaluation of limit loads was veriŽed using nonlinear finite element analysis. An engineering technique for the calculation of limit loads for shiphull beams subjected to large shear forces was developed using this model. As illustrative examples, the paper shows the application

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18

Koh, C. G., and S. T. Quek. "Limit Loads of Buried Pipelines With Asymmetric Initial Imperfections." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 112, no. 4 (1990): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929894.

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The effect of asymmetric imperfection on the limit-load response of pipelines buried in shallow trenches is investigated. The pipeline is modeled as a long beam resting on a rigid foundation and a small strain, large displacement formulation is used. Three different asymmetric imperfection shapes for the beam are considered and the corresponding limit loads are compared with that for a symmetric imperfection. It is found that the shape of initial imperfection plays an important role. The difference between limit loads based on a symmetric imperfection and a nonsymmetric imperfection can be qui

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19

Shalaby, M. A., and M. Y. A. Younan. "Limit Loads for Pipe Elbows With Internal Pressure Under In-Plane Closing Bending Moments." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 1 (1998): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841882.

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The purpose of this study is to determine limit loads for pipe elbows subjected to in-plane bending moments that tend to close the elbow (i.e., decrease its radius of curvature), and the influence of internal pressure on the value of the limit load. Load-deflection curves were obtained, and from these curves plastic collapse or instability loads at various values of internal pressure were determined. This was done for different pipe bend factors (h = Rt/r2) using the nonlinear finite element analysis code (ABAQUS) with its special elbow element. The limit load was found to increase and then de

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20

Shiau, Jim S. "A Shakedown Limit under Hertz Contact Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1506.

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In his "Contact Mechanics" book, Professor K. L. Johnson described an analytical lower bound shakedown approach to predict the shakedown load limit under repeated Hertz moving surface loads. Based on Bleich-Melan shakedown theorem, this problem will be revisited in this paper using finite element techniques and mathematical programming.

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21

Cui, Peng, and Chang Yu Zhou. "Limit Load Analysis of Elbow with Local Wall Thinning under Combined Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.198.

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The local wall thinning(LWT) is a kind of common volume defect in pressure pipe. The limit loads of elbows with LWT under pressure, bending moment, torque and their combined loads have been studied in detail by orthogonal experimental design and finite element method. The results have shown that the influence of depth and circumferential length of LWT on the limit load is more obvious compared to that of axial length when an elbow is under pressure, bending moment or torque. The change of limit bending moment and torque with the depth of LWT and circumferential length is significant for an elb

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22

Cheung, M. S., N. J. Gardner, and S. F. Ng. "Ultimate load distribution characteristics of a model slab-on-girder bridge." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (1987): 739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-112.

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The introduction of limit states design philosophy and the ever growing demand for higher permissible loads for overload vehicles or special permit vehicles necessitates a thorough investigation of the behaviour and live load distribution characteristics of bridges beyond the working stress range. Evaluation of the live load moment capacity at ultimate utilizing elastic load distribution factors is neither realistic nor logical, as the distribution factors should reflect the ultimate structural/load responses including nonlinear behaviour, load redistribution due to yielding, etc.The purpose o

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23

Shen, Zhao Wei, Xiao Hong Wang, and Wei Liang Jin. "Study on Combination Method of Stochastic Load Processes." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.82.

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When more than one loads act on a structure,the combination of stochastic loads is generally considered in the design of the structure,Based on the theoretical derivation and numerical calculation analysis to the process of two common loads in Poisson square wave and Poisson impulse this paper presents the combination method of loads.i.e. The maximum intensity function of load combination is expressed by the cumulative distribution function in the limit state design. In addition,the result calculated during the limit state design is compared with those calculated by Turkstra and Monte Carlo me

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24

Kim, Yun Jae, Kuk Hee Lee, and Chi Yong Park. "Plastic Limit Loads for Piping Branch Junctions." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1377.

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The present work presents plastic limit load solutions for branch junctions under internal pressure and in-plane bending, based on detailed three-dimensional (3-D) FE limit analyses using elastic-perfectly plastic materials. The proposed solutions are valid for a wide range of branch junction geometries; ratios of the branch-to-run pipe radius and thickness from 0.0 to 1.0, and the mean radius-to-thickness ratio of the run pipe from 5.0 to 20.0.

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25

Michalowski, Radoslaw L., and Liangzhi You. "Non-Symmetrical Limit Loads on Strip Footings." Soils and Foundations 38, no. 4 (1998): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.38.4_195.

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26

Heitzer, Michael. "Plastic limit loads of defective square plates." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 71, no. 13-14 (2004): 1951–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2003.11.004.

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27

Pontow, J., and D. Dinkler. "Perturbation Sensitivity and Limit Loads of Shells." PAMM 8, no. 1 (2008): 10327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200810327.

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28

Iwakiri, Kazuyuki, Takeshi Sasaki, Midori Sotoyama, Tanghuizi Du, Keiichi Miki, and Fuyuki Oyama. "Effect of relative weight limit set as a body weight percentage on work-related low back pain among workers." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284465.

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Introduction A quarter of work-related low back pain (LBP) cases result from handling heavy loads in Japan. The maximum weight male/female workers can handle is 40%/24% of their body weight but has set a constant load weight in ISO 11228–1 and NIOSH lifting equation. The preventive effect of the relative weight limit on LBP has not been clarified. This study aimed to identify the effect of relative weight limits set as body weight percentages on LBP prevalence. Methods Data from 21924 workers were collected via a web-based survey in 2022. The workers were categorized into three groups: group A

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Miao, Cheng, Fei Lv, Chang Yu Zhou, and Xiao Hua He. "Effect of Orthotropic Mechanical Property on the Limit Load of Cylindrical Shell under Internal Pressure." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.401.

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At present the orthotropic pressurized metal structure is generally used as the isotropic one, ignoring the anisotropic characteristics of material caused during rolling process. At the same time, the elastic stress analysis design method is commonly used in pressure vessel, and the load capacity coming from plasticity of material has not been utilized. Therefore, elastic-plastic analysis of orthotropic pressurized structure is of great theoretical significance and engineering value. In present paper the limit load of orthotropic titanium cylindrical shell under internal pressure was studied.

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Andersen, Jacob, Rune Abrahamsen, Thomas Andersen, Morten Andersen, Torben Baun, and Jesper Neubauer. "Wave Load Mitigation by Perforation of Monopiles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050352.

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The design of large diameter monopiles (8–10 m) at intermediate to deep waters is largely driven by the fatigue limit state and mainly due to wave loads. The scope of the present paper is to assess the mitigation of wave loads on a monopile by perforation of the shell. The perforation design consists of elliptical holes in the vicinity of the splash zone. Wave loads are estimated for both regular and irregular waves through physical model tests in a wave flume. The test matrix includes waves with Keulegan–Carpenter ( K C ) numbers in the range 0.25 to 10 and covers both fatigue and ultimate li

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Kiriia, R. V., V. F. Monastyrskyi, A. M. Smirnov, and D. A. Nomerovskyi. "Limit angle of the belt conveyor inclination at transporting lumpy loads." Geo-Technical mechanics, no. 152 (2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2020.152.087.

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One of the ways to reduce capital costs and shorten length of conveyor transport routes is to increase angle of the conveyor inclination. As practice shows, limit inclination angle of general-purpose belt conveyors transporting bulk loads is 18°- 22°, while angle of natural slope of ore and coal is 40° and 35°, respectively. Such a difference between the angles of bulk load slope and limit inclination angle of the belt conveyor transporting the bulk loads is explained by the belt vibration impacting on the state of the transported load during its moving along the belt conveyor idlers. When exp

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Schultis, Daniel-Leon, and Albana Ilo. "Increasing the Utilization of Existing Infrastructures by Using the Newly Introduced Boundary Voltage Limits." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165106.

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The increasing share of distributed generation aggravates voltage limit compliance at customers’ delivery points. Currently, grid operators validate compliance with the voltage limits specified in Grid Codes by conducting load flow simulations at the medium voltage level, considering the connected low voltage grids as ‘loads’ to reduce the modeling effort. This approach does not support the accurate validation of limit compliance, as the voltage drops at the low voltage level are unknown. Nevertheless, to guarantee acceptable voltages even under worst-case conditions, safety margins are involv

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33

Karwowski, Waldemar, Bohdana Sherehiy, Paul Ray Gaddie, Tamer Khalaf, and Peter M. Quesada. "The effects of lifting instructions on the psychophysically selected lifting load limits: A need for reappraisal." Occupational Ergonomics 7, no. 1 (2007): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2007-7105.

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This study investigated the effect of three different lifting instruction sets on the psychophysically selected loads. The instruction sets corresponded to three different load limit concepts: maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), maximum comfortable weight of lift (MCWL), and maximum safe weight of lift (MSWL). Results demonstrated significant lifting instruction effects on the investigated dependent variables, including: selected load weight, selected load weight estimation, perceived physical effort, and perceived comfort and safety ratings associated with the selected load weights. Per

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34

Seshadri, R., and C. P. D. Fernando. "Limit Loads of Mechanical Components and Structures Using the GLOSS R-Node Method." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 2 (1992): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929030.

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A method for determining plastic collapse loads of mechanical components and structures on the basis of two linear elastic finite element analysis is presented in this paper. The r-nodes, which are essentially statically determinate locations, are obtained by GLOSS analysis. The plastic collapse loads are determined for statically determinate and indeterminate components and structures by using the single-bar and the multibar models, respectively. The paper also attempts to unify the concepts of load-control, limit load, reference stress and stress-classification. The GLOSS R-Node method is ap

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35

Schilling, Charles G. "Simplified Inelastic Design of Steel Girder Bridges." Engineering Journal 35, no. 4 (1998): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v35i4.709.

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Past and present building and bridge specifications for inelastic design are discussed. The present inelastic bridge specifications apply only to compact girders and specify the mechanism method for satisfying the strength limit state. The theoretical inelastic behavior of noncompact girders subjected to moving loads is described. If these loads exceed the shakedown load, which is generally below the ultimate load predicted by the mechanism method, permanent deflections progressively increase without limit. New inelastic procedures are proposed for checking the strength and permanentdeflection

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36

TEIXEIRA, A. P., and C. GUEDES SOARES. "RELIABILITY OF LOAD BEARING STEEL PLATES SUBJECTED TO LOCALISED HEAT LOADS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 13, no. 02 (2006): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539306002148.

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A reliability formulation is presented for thermally insulated load bearing plates subjected to the localized heat loading. The limit state function is defined in terms of stresses, which account for the additional in-plane compressive loads that the plate will sustain before collapse. The collapse strength of plates is determined with a non-linear finite element code that accounts for the elasto-plastic behavior and for the changes in material properties with temperature. A first order second moment approach is presented to quantify the uncertainty of the heat loads and to describe the import

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37

Theilig, Holger, Dirk Holländer, and Michael Wünsche. "Simulation of Curved Fatigue Crack Growth with Calculation of the Plastic Limit Load." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.45.

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In this paper a higher order crack path simulation algorithm for multiple interacting cracks is presented using piecewise parabolic curved increments including the consideration of the plastic limit loads. For this reason, the program PCCS-2D has been extended to analyse the crack growth and the plastic limit load for each crack propagation step in a fully automatic simulation. The proposed solution algorithm provides a powerful tool for flaw assessment with the FAD proce¬dure in combination with a numerical crack path simulation. Several numerical examples are pre¬sented to show the accuracy

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38

Mackenzie, D., C. Nadarajah, J. Shi, and J. T. Boyle. "Simple Bounds on Limit Loads by Elastic Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 115, no. 1 (1993): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929490.

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A method for bounding limit loads by an iterative elastic continuum finite element analysis procedure, referred to as the elastic compensation method, is proposed. A number of sample problems are considered, based on both exact solutions and finite element analysis, and it is concluded that the method may be used to obtain limit-load bounds for pressure vessel design by analysis applications with useful accuracy.

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Zona, Renato, Luca Esposito, Simone Palladino, Elena Totaro, and Vincenzo Minutolo. "Semianalytical Lower-Bound Limit Analysis of Domes and Vaults." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189155.

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The calculation of the collapse load of spherical domes is addressed using a semianalytical approach under the hypothesis of small displacements and perfect plasticity. The procedure is based on the numerical approximation of the self-stress that represents the projection of the balance equilibrium null space on a finite dimensional manifold. The so-obtained self-equilibrated stress span is superimposed onto a finite-element linear elastic solution to the prescribed loads yielding to the statically admissible set accordingly to Melan’s theorem. The compatibility of the stress with the constitu

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40

Mirza, S. A., and J. G. MacGregor. "Limit states design of concrete slender columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (1987): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-067.

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The limit states design requires the use of load factors and resistance factors to consider the probability of overloading, understrength, or both. Research has been underway in Canada to introduce the probability-based limit states design for concrete structures. Based on the current knowledge of building load statistics, the National Building Code of Canada adopted a set of load factors which are different from those used in the Canadian Standards Association Standard A23.3-M77. This required the development of resistance factors that would be compatible with the load factors specified in th

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41

Polizzotto, Castrenze. "On the Conditions to Prevent Plastic Shakedown of Structures: Part II—The Plastic Shakedown Limit Load." Journal of Applied Mechanics 60, no. 1 (1993): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900750.

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Following the results of a companion paper, the concept of plastic shakedown limit load is introduced for an elastic-perfectly plastic material structure subjected to combined cyclic (mechanical and/or kinematical) loads and steady (mechanical) load. Static and kinematic approaches are available for the computation of this load, in perfect analogy with the classic (elastic) shakedown limit load. The plastic shakedown limit state of the structure being in an impending alternating plasticity collapse is studied and a number of interesting features of it are pointed out.

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Zhou, Xiang Hai, and Juan Du. "Study on Load Condition for in Service Bridges in Overload Non-Controlling Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1200.

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In order to investigate the development of vehicle loads on highway in recent years，data collection and statistical analysis of vehicle loads in overload non-controlling area were made．It is shown that all ti1e vehicle loads follow multiple-peaked distribution．The vehicle load probability distribution in overload non-controlling area was simulated using a weighted sum of 4 normal distributions．In order to describe the load limit of heavy duty vehicle for bridge safety accurately，the vehicle load probability distribution in overload non-controlling area was simulated by a piecewise function．The

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Fraldi, M., L. Nunziante, A. Gesualdo, and F. Guarracino. "On the bounding of limit multipliers for combined loading." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2114 (2009): 493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0240.

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In the framework of classical plasticity, even when limit multipliers and collapse mechanisms associated with different loads independently acting on a solid or structure are known, not much can be inferred on the limit multiplier of the combined loading. Frame structures under the action of dead loads and seismic forces, soil–foundation interaction problems, tunnels under a variety of loads, deepwater pipelines subject to bending and pressure constitute only a few selected examples for which some sort of superposition rule, as well as bounding techniques, would be extremely useful. The presen

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Nemirovskii, Yuri. "The limit states of polymetallic plates with piecewise elliptic contours." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819601033.

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A unified approach to the study of plastic deformation of polymetallic isotropic plates with smooth and piecewise smooth support contours under the influence of static loads is developed. Plates of various types are considered: elliptical; semi-and quarter-elliptical; elliptical belt, «elliptical» sector. Materials of the layers can be ideally plastic or linear hardening. The first limit loads for ideally plastic materials and the second limit loads (initial destruction loads) for hardening materials are determined.

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Li, Yan, Bingjun Gao, Shuo Liu, Kaiming Lin, and Juncai Ding. "Finite Element Analysis of the Limit Load of Straight Pipes with Local Wall-Thinning Defects under Complex Loads." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 4850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104850.

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Local wall thinning is a common defect on the surface of pipelines, which can cause damage to the pipeline under complex pipeline loads. Based on the study on the limit load of straight pipes with defects, the nonlinear finite element method was used to analyze the limit load of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under internal pressure, bending moment, torque, axial force, and their combinations, and the empirical limit-load equations of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under single and complex loads were fitted. Based on the allowable load on the equipment nozzles

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Adibi-Asl, R., and R. Seshadri. "Limit Load Analysis of Cracked Components Using the Reference Volume Method." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (2006): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2749288.

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Cracks and flaws occur in mechanical components and structures, and can lead to catastrophic failures. Therefore, integrity assessment of components with defects is carried out. This paper describes the Elastic Modulus Adjustment Procedures (EMAP) employed herein to determine the limit load of components with cracks or crack-like flaw. On the basis of linear elastic Finite Element Analysis (FEA), by specifying spatial variations in the elastic modulus, numerous sets of statically admissible and kinematically admissible distributions can be generated, to obtain lower and upper bounds limit load

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Sang, Z. F., H. F. Wang, L. P. Xue, and G. E. O. Widera. "Plastic Limit Loads of Pad Reinforced Cylindrical Vessels Under Out-of-Plane Moment of Nozzle." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 1 (2005): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2140800.

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The purpose of this work is to study the plastic limit load of pad reinforced cylindrical vessels with different d/D ratios under out-of-plane moment loading on a nozzle. Three full-scale test models were designed and fabricated. A 3-D nonlinear finite element numerical analysis was also performed. Data on plastic limit moment is obtained from load-displacement and load-strain responses. The results indicate that plastic limit loads determined by test (including displacement and strain measurements) and finite element analysis are in agreement.

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Malinin, A. G., and I. A. Salmin. "Calculation of Limit Loads for Ground Anchors "Atlant"." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 9 (2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-9-3-8.

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Tin‐Loi, Francis, and Victor A. Pulmano. "Limit Loads of Cylindrical Shells under Hydrostatic Pressure." Journal of Structural Engineering 117, no. 3 (1991): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:3(643).

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Miller, A. G. "Review of limit loads of structures containing defects." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 32, no. 1-4 (1988): 197–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(88)90073-7.

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