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1
Stone, Michael H. "Strength Training and Endurance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4576.
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Stone, Michael H., Margaret E. Stone, and Kimitake Sato. "Endurance: Influence of Strength Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4572.
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Stone, Michael H. "Strength Training for Endurance Sports." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4499.
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Stone, Michael H., Meg E. Stone, William A. Sands, Kyle C. Pierce, Robert U. Newton, G. Gregory Haff, and Jon Carlock. "Maximum Strength and Strength Training---A Relationship to Endurance?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4615.
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Endurance can be defined as the ability to maintain or to repeat a given force or power output. The sport performance-endurance relationship is a multi-factorial concept. However, evidence indicates that maximum strength is a major component. Conceptually, endurance is a continuum. The literature indicates that (a) maximum strength is moderately to strongly related to endurance capabilities and associated factors, a relationship that is likely stronger for high intensity exercise endurance (HIEE) activities than for low intensity exercise endurance (LIEE); (b) strength training can increase both HIEE and LIEE, the effect being greater for HIEE; (c) the volume of strength training plays a role in endurance adaptation; and (d) mechanical specificity and training program variables also play a role in the degree of adaptation..
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Creager, Leah C. "Effect of trunk endurance training on low back endurance & injury in collegiate gymnasts /." Connect to online version, 2009. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/45122.
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Bazyler, Caleb D., Heather A. Abbott, Christopher R. Bellon, Christopher B. Taber, and Michael H. Stone. "Strength Training for Endurance Athletes: Theory to Practice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3781.
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The purpose of this review is twofold: to elucidate the utility of resistance training for endurance athletes, and provide the practitioner with evidenced-based periodization strategies for concurrent strength and endurance training in athletic populations. Both low-intensity exercise endurance (liee) and high-intensity exercise endurance (hiee) have been shown to improve as a result of maximal, high force, low velocity (hflv) and explosive, low-force, high-velocity strength training. Hflv strength training is recommended initially to develop a neuromuscular base for endurance athletes with limited strength training experience. A sequenced approach to strength training involving phases of strength-endurance, basic strength, strength, and power will provide further enhancements in liee and hiee for high-level endurance athletes.
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McElligott, Mark, and n/a. "The relationship between strength and endurance in female triathletes." University of Canberra. Human and Heritage Sciences, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060918.160011.
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Mistry, Anuj D. "Effects of Yoga on Low Back Stability, Strength and Endurance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35979.
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AIMS: To investigate the effects of Yoga on improving low back stability (threshold of stability, and mean total velocity of center of pressure), trunk strength (isometric strength in extension and flexion), and back endurance (isometric endurance in extension, flexion, and side laterals).
METHODS: A pretest posttest control group experimental design was used. Sixteen participants, 10 females and 6 males, without a history of low back pain, and no prior experience of Yoga, were recruited. Yoga participants were recruited following registration in a yoga class; the control subjects were selected and recruited selectively in order to match the stature and body mass of the Yoga participant pool. Performance was measured prior to the beginning of Yoga exercises and 7 weeks later for both the groups.
RESULTS: Contrary to the control group, the Yoga group significantly improved in terms of low back stability (decrease in threshold of stability by ~19%) and sway parameters (decrease in mean total velocity of COP by ~17%).
CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of this study illustrate the potential of Yoga as a low-impact exercise regime for improving low back stability via neuromuscular control and proprioception. There was no significant difference in trunk strength and endurance when comparing the two groups; therefore, the Yoga exercise was equally effective as the regular exercises.Master of Science
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Books, Gregory D. (Gregory Douglas). "Effects of Endurance Intensity and Rest Interval on Subsequent Strength Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278409/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of cycling exercise at different intensities and rest intervals on strength performance. Ten males, engaged in concurrent training for at least one month prior to testing, comprised the subject group for this study. Results show only leg press torque and leg press work to be decreased after cardiorespiratory exercise of moderate intensity. Leg extension average power, chest press torque, chest press power, and chest press work after cycling were not decreased from pre-exercise values. No significant effects were found for exercise intensity, testing times, or intensity by testing times. These results indicate that lower body strength is decreased by cycling and that one hour is not sufficient to restore leg strength.
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Kaleth, Anthony Scott. "Effects of volume of resistance training on muscular strength and endurance." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074543.
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The American College of Sports Medicine recommends a resistance exercise routine that consists of a minimum of 1 set of 8-12 repetitions on 8-10 exercises, 2 times per week. These guidelines are less than traditional programs and are based on the premises that longer programs are associated with lower adherence and that additional sets and repetitions produce little, if any, additional increases in strength. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if greater gains in strength and endurance could be attained by doubling the recommended dose. Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to one of two training groups that performed 1 or 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions for 10 weeks on 7 exercises (chest press, lat pull-down, leg ext., leg curl, shoulder press, triceps ext., biceps curl) and 8 subjects were assigned to a non-training group. Pre- and post-training 1repetition maximum (RM) and muscular endurance were measured. To assess endurance, subjects completed as many repetitions as possible at 75% of their pre-training 1-RM on all exercises except the shoulder press (60% of 1-RM). Both training groups showed a significant increase in 1-RM strength and endurance compared to controls (P < 0.05). Only the biceps curl exercise showed a significant difference in strength between the two training groups (P < 0.05). The 2 sets group increased post-training endurance to a greater degree than the 1 set group, but only the lat pull-down exercise was significant (P < 0.05).. Contrary to previous studies, these findings pertain to 8-10 exercises that use larger muscle groups. It was concluded that 1 set of 8-12 repetitions was as effective as 2 sets in increasing muscular strength and endurance.School of Physical Education
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Söderlund, Anders. "Influence of surface flatness on bolted flanges : Fatigue strength limit." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62661.
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Glowacki, Shawn Philip. "The effects of concurrent training on performance variables in previously untrained males." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1607.
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Research has shown conflicting results involving interference of strength development with combined resistance and endurance training. Purpose: To examine if endurance training and resistance training performed concurrently would produce different performance and physiological results when compared to each type of training alone. Methods: Forty-five untrained males were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three 12 wk training groups. An endurance training (ET, N=12) group trained by running (2-3 days/week, 20-40 min, 65- 80% HRR), a resistance training (RT, N=13) group performed a resistance training program (2-3 days/week, 3 sets/8 exercises, 6-10 reps, 75-85% 1RM), and a concurrent training (CT, N=16) group performed both the endurance and resistance training programs (5 days/week, even # week 3 endurance/2 resistance workouts, odd # week 3 resistance/2 endurance workouts). All groups were tested for all the following variables prior to and following training: percent body fat, VO2max, isokinetic-maximal torque and avg. power at two speeds, 1RM leg press, 1 RM bench press, vertical jump, lower body power (as calculated by the Lewis formula) and 40-yard dash time. Results: Percent body fat was significantly (p≤.05) decreased in both the ET and CT groups. Only the ET group significantly improved VO2max (+8.24%). Minimal changes were found for any of the isokinetic measurements. The ET, RT, and CT groups demonstrated significant improvements in leg press (20.4, 40.8, and 39.4%) and bench press (7.5, 30.5 and 21.2%) 1 RM. RT and CT 1 RM improvements were similar and significantly greater than the ET group. Only the RT group significantly increased power. No group showed a significant change in vertical jump or 40-yard dash time. Conclusions: Findings indicate that endurance training does not interfere with strength development, but resistance training appears to hinder development of maximal aerobic capacity.
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Hedgepeth, Shira Loree Caldwell. "The effects of ballet training on isokinetic strength, power, and muscular endurance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45803.
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An experimental group of nine dancers between the ages of 18 and 23 who were participating in dance technique classes were compared to a group of nine dancers who were participating in an eight week weight training program and technique class and a control group of sedentary females of the same age.
Each group was tested for isokinetic strength, power, and muscular endurance on the Cybex 11+ before and after the eight week training program of ballet and weight training. Each subject in the two experimental groups attended at least three ballet technique classes a week. The nine members of the weight training group lifted weights three times a week and performed exercises on the leg press, leg curls, and leg extension. Initial and final 1-RM's for the leg press, leg curl, and leg extension were also measured for the weight training group.
Data were analyzed by a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to determine initial and final differences between the three groups in all isokinetic strength measurements. A Wilcoxon Analysis of Variance test was also used to determine differences between pretest and posttest isotonic strength scores.
No statistical difference was found between the three groups on post test isokentic strength, power, or muscular endurance of the quadriceps or hamstrings after training. However, significant isotonic strength gains were found in the weight lifting group on leg press, leg curls, and leg extension exercises after the training sessions.
Master of Science
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Jones, Thomas. "Concurrent training : neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms of strength and endurance training incompatibility." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2014. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/21604/.
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Combining strength and endurance training within the same regimen is aptly referred to as “concurrent training”. Research conducted over the previous 3 decades has indicated concurrent training can result in attenuated development of strength, power and hypertrophy when compared to strength training in isolation. Despite extensive research the mechanisms contributing to this so called “interference effect” are yet to be fully elucidated, as is the influence of manipulating acute training programme variables within a concurrent regimen. As such, the purposes of this thesis were to investigate and draw conclusions regarding underlying physiological mechanisms relating to the interference effect. Additionally, this thesis sought to examine the effects of manipulating programme variables, including frequency and sequencing of exercise within concurrent training regimens on strength related adaptation. The findings of this thesis indicate overall training volume and frequency of endurance training within a concurrent intervention influences the presence and magnitude of the inhibition of strength development. Concurrent training volumes of 3 d·wk-1 elicited muted strength development, whereas lower frequencies did not. Whilst interference was not attributable to neuromuscular factors, it was reported that cortisol was only elevated following higher training frequencies, indicating training stress and catabolism may contribute to interference. Additionally, the sequencing of strength and endurance training can influence endocrine and signalling responses associated with strength adaptation, and it appears strength prior to endurance elicits greater increases in growth associated signalling. The findings of this thesis indicate that overall training stress influences the presence and magnitude of interference experienced, and is reflected in catabolic endocrine responses. Additionally, strength prior to endurance training promotes more favourable anabolic signalling than vice versa, which over time may contribute to greater strength type adaptations.
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Akers, Allen (Roy Allen). "Muscular Differences Between Female Power and Endurance Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277604/.
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Kuronen, Sami. "Same or split session concurrent endurance and strength training - effects on strength and muscular power development : A systematic review." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39206.
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Karlsen, Trine. "Training is Medicine; Endurance and Strength Training in Coronary Artery Disease and Health." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2250.
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High aerobic intensity interval training at 90-95% of maximal heart rate is more effective than continuous training with low to moderate intensity in improving maximal oxygen uptake in healthy young men. Maximal cardiac stroke volume was improved to a similar extent in high aerobic intensity interval training only. It is concluded that high aerobic intensity endurance training is significantly more effective than isocaloric training at lactate threshold (85% of maximal heart rate) or 70% of maximal heart rate, in improving maximal oxygen uptake and cardiac stroke volume. Improvements in maximal oxygen uptake corresponded with changes in stroke volume, indicating a close link between the two.
High aerobic intensity interval training at 85-95% of peak heart rate significantly improves peak cardiac stroke volume and resting left ventricular ejection fraction in coronary artery disease patients. High aerobic intensity interval training improves peak cardiac stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction in coronary artery disease patients due to increased myocardial contractility and enhanced left ventricular systolic performance.
Hyperoxic high aerobic intensity interval training at 85-95% of peak heart rate gave no additional effect over normoxic high aerobic intensity interval training in coronary artery disease patients. Hyperoxic training improves VO2peak and peak stroke volume to the same extent as ambient air training in stable coronary artery disease patients with mild to moderate coronary ischemia. As acute hyperoxia did not increase VO2peak it is concluded that the coronary artery disease patients showed peripheral oxygen limitations in VO2peak both before and after 10 weeks of hyperoxic training. Hyperoxic training may thereby represent no increase in cardiovascular shear stress.
Maximal leg press exercise focusing on few repetitions with heavy loads and maximal concentric contractions improves maximal strength, rate of force developments and walking mechanical efficiency in coronary artery disease patients through a minimal exercise effort. Improved muscular strength and rate of force development translates into improved walking mechanical efficiency returning the patients work efficiency to the levels of healthy age matched subjects.
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Mathur, Sunita. "Skeletal muscle strength and endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a pilot study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57258.pdf.
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Sahin, Serkan. "A Comparative Study Of Aisc-360 And Eurocode 3 Strength Limit States." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610894/index.pdf.
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Nowadaysdesign, fabrication and erection of steel structures can be taken place at different locations as a result of rapid globalization
owners may require the use of widely accepted steel design codes. Therefore, engineers are faced with the challenge of being competent with several design specifications for a particular material type. AISC-360 and EC3 are widely accepted steel structure design specifications that utilize limit state principles with some similarities and differences in application. Hereby a study has been undertaken to put together the nominal strength expressions presented in both AISC-360 and EC3 codes in a single document, to identify the similarities and the differences in calculated strengths and to facilitate rapid learning of either of the specifications with prior knowledge of the other. Because of the wide scope of specifications, only fundamental failure modes are considered in this thesis. Resistance equations are directly compared with each other wherever possible. For cases where the treatment of specifications is entirely different, representative members were considered for comparison purposes.
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Orrey, Samantha Taylor. "The relationship between diaphragm thickness, diaphragm strength and diaphragm endurance in young, healthy individuals." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86666.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: In the intensive care unit population, approximately 40% of patients require mechanical ventilation and 20-25% of these patients will encounter difficulties in the discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. As mechanical ventilation affects the diaphragm, a better understanding of the structural and functional changes of the diaphragm is warranted. Method: A scoping review was done to determine whether a relationship between diaphragm thickness, diaphragm strength and diaphragm endurance had been established. Seven databases were searched using a specific search strategy. Papers were identified based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Data was extracted by the primary investigator (PI) into a self-developed excel spreadsheet. Criteria were developed for a more focused review to inform the planning of a primary study. The primary study investigated the relationship between diaphragm thickness, diaphragm strength and diaphragm endurance in young, healthy individuals. A sample of convenience was used; included healthy individuals (18-24); three activity-levels (sedentary; endurance- and strength related sporting activities); stratified for gender and BMI. Measurements included: Sonographic measurement of diaphragm thickness; mouth pressure manometer measurements for diaphragmatic strength; and fatigue resistance index as a measure of endurance. Participants were instructed to breathe through a pressure threshold device at 60% of PImax until task failure. The fatigue resistance index was calculated as PImax final/PImax initial. Intra-rater reliability was established and testing procedures standardised a priori. Results: 405 full texts were retrieved and assessed for inclusion into the review. Papers identified the evaluation of diaphragm function in a variety of populations. 23 papers were included in the focused review. Six papers were published on diaphragm thickness, six on diaphragm strength and eleven on diaphragm endurance. No papers identified the correlation between diaphragm thickness, diaphragm strength and diaphragm endurance. 55 subjects, males and females, were recruited for the primary study. Groups were similar at baseline with regards to gender, age and BMI. The mean age of the sample was 21.16 years (SD = 1.55), with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.43 kg/m2 (SD = 3.70). A moderate positive correlation was established between diaphragm thickness and diaphragm strength measurements (r = 0.52; r2 = 0.27; p < 0.01). Diaphragm thickness was not correlated with diaphragm endurance (r = -0.15; r2 = 0.02; p = 0.29). No relationship was found between the strength of the diaphragm and the endurance of the diaphragm (r= -0.19; r2 = 0.04; p= 0.16). Conclusion: Guidelines for the measurement of diaphragm function do exist, but they are not adhered to by the majority of studies. Study procedures are inconsistently reported and this may affect the reproducibility of techniques in future studies. We further conclude that a correlation exists between diaphragm thickness and diaphragm strength. The use of ultrasound to measure diaphragm thickness proved to be a reliable technology and gave a moderate indication of the strength of the diaphragm. This technology may help clinicians to detect and monitor dysfunction of the diaphragm in the early stages of admission to the acute setting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Ongeveer 40% van pasiente wat in intensiewe sorgeenheid behandel word, benodig intubasie en meganiese ventilasie. Tot 25% van hierdie pasiënte sal probleme ondervind in die staking van meganiese ventilasie. Meganiese ventilasie beïnvloed die diafragma, daarom word n beter begrip van die strukturele en funksionele veranderinge van die diafragma benodig. Metode: 'n Literatuur oorsig is gedoen om te bepaal of daar 'n verhouding bestaan tussen die dikte, krag en uithouvermoë van die diafragma. Sewe databasisse is deurgesoek aan die hand van spesifieke databasis gedefinieerde soektog strategie. Relevante artikels is geïdentifiseer aan die hand van pre-gedefinieerde insluiting kriteria. Data is onttrek en in ‘n self-ontwikkelde datablad opgesom deur die primêre ondersoeker (PI). Hierdie inligting is gebruik in die beplanning van ‘n primêre studie. Die doel van die primêre studie was om die verhouding tussen die diafragma dikte, krag en uithouvermoë in jong, gesonde individue te ondersoek. ‘n Gerieflikheids steekproef is gebruik; insluitend gesonde individue (18-24); drie aktiwiteits vlakke (passief; uithouvermoë- en krag verwante sportaktiwiteite) en breë spektrum vir geslag en ligaamsbou (BMI). Metings ingesluit: sonografiese meting van die diafragma se dikte; monddruk manometer metings vir diafragmatiese krag en ‘n moegheid/weerstand indeks as maatstaf van diafragmatiese uithouvermoë. Deelnemers is opdrag gegee om asem te haal deur toestel met druk maksimum gestel 60% van PImax, tot mislukking. Die moegheid/weerstand indeks is bereken as PImax finale / PImax oorspronlik. Intra-meter betroubaarheid is bepaal en toets prosedures is gestandaardiseer voordat data ingesamel is. Resultate: 405 vol teks artikels is uitgelig vir insluiting in die literatuur oorsig. Diafragmatiese funksie is ge-evalueer in 'n verskeidenheid bevolkings. Drie en twintig artikels is in die finale oorsig ingesluit. Ses artikels wat diafragma dikte evalueer, ses wat diafragmatiese krag evalueer en elf wat die diafragma se uithouvermoë evalueer is ingesluit in die oorsig. Geen van die artikels uitgelig het ‘n ooreenkoms tussen diafragma dikte, diafragma krag en diafragma uithouvermoë geïdentifiseer nie. 55 deelnemers is gewerf vir die primêre studie. Groepe was soortgelyk by basislyn met betrekking tot geslag, ouderdom en BMI. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die toetsgroep was 21.16 jaar (SD=1.55), met 'n gemiddelde BMI van 25.43 kg/m2 (SD = 3.70). ‘n Middelmatige positiewe verhouding is waargeneem tussen diafragma dikte en krag (r = 0.52; r2 = 0.27; p < 0.01). Geen verhouding is gevind tussen diafragma dikte en uithouvermoë nie (r= -0.15; r2 = 0.02; p = 0.29). Daar is ook geen verhouding waargeneem tussen diafragma krag en diafragma uithouvermoë nie. (r= 0.19; r2 = 0.04; p = 0.16). Gevolgtrekking: Daar bestaan wel riglyne vir die meting van die diafragma se funksie, maar in die meerderheid van studies word dit nie nagekom nie. Studie prosedures is nie konsekwent weergegee nie en dit kan die resultate van tegnieke beinvloed in toekomende studies. ‘n Matige sterk verhouding is waargeneem tussen diafragmatiese dikte en krag. Die gebruik van ultraklank om die diafragma se dikte te meet is betroubare tegnologie en kan n redelike aanduiding gee oor die krag van die diafragma. Hierdie tegnologie kan praktisyne help om enige disfunksie van die diafragma te identifiseer en te monitor in die vroeë stadiums van toelating tot die akute omgewing.
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Sullard, Cori Beth. "An assessment of body composition, balance, and muscular strength and endurance in breast cancer survivors." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5210.
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Incidence rates for breast cancer continue to rise with improved methods of screening, detection, diagnosis and treatment. The chance of developing breast cancer is 12%, or 1 out of 8 women (American Cancer Society, 2011b). Increased survival equates to increased needs for support services to restore or promote healthy living. This includes leading an active lifestyle with independent physical and mental capabilities. This study assesses body composition, balance, and upper extremity muscular strength and endurance in breast cancer survivors (BCS) shortly after diagnosis and during and after chemotherapy. Design: Prospective exploratory design with one control arm. Methods: Adult females (N = 7) within 1 month of breast cancer diagnosis, currently undergoing chemotherapy and/or have completed chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer were recruited for this study. Variables assessed include weight, body fat percentage, lean body mass percentage, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), balance (sway index), and upper extremity muscular strength and endurance (peak torque, power, and total work). Results: Lean body mass percentage was significantly lower than healthy, age-matched controls (p=0.047). BCS had increased body fat percentage and weight compared to controls, and showed a significant increase in weight from initial diagnosis to treatment completion (p=0.037). BMI, BMD, and BMC did not significantly differ from controls. BCS produced increased measures of sway compared to normative values. Muscular strength and endurance did not differ between affected and unaffected arm. Conclusion: Current findings align with previous studies in terms of body composition and balance and serve to inform future research utilizing larger sample sizes.Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Human Performance Studies.
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Shaw, BS, I. Shaw, and GA Brown. "Comparison of resistance and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in the development of strength." Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001714.
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ABSTRACT
Shaw, BS, Shaw, I, and Brown, GA. Comparison of resistance
and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in
the development of strength. J Strength Cond Res 23(9):
2507–2514, 2009—Resistance and endurance training are
often performed concurrently in most exercise programs and in
rehabilitative settings in an attempt to acquire gains in more
than 1 physiologic system. However, it has been proposed that
by simultaneously performing these 2 modes of exercise
training, the strength gains achieved by resistance training
alone may be impaired. Thus, the aim of this study was to
compare the effects of 16 weeks of resistance training and
concurrent resistance and endurance training on muscular
strength development in 38 sedentary, apparently healthy
males (25 yr 6 8 mo). Subjects were age-matched and
randomly assigned to either a control (Con) group (n = 12),
resistance training (Res) group (n = 13), or concurrent
resistance and endurance training (Com) group (n = 13). After
16 weeks, no changes were found in the strength of the subjects
in the Con group. Resistance training and concurrent resistance
and endurance training significantly (p # 0.05) improved
strength in all of the 8 prescribed exercises. The data also
indicated that 16 weeks of concurrent resistance training and
endurance training was as effective in eliciting improvements in
strength as resistance training alone in previously sedentary
males. As such, concurrent resistance and endurance training
does not impede muscular strength gains and can be prescribed
simultaneously for the development of strength in sedentary,
apparently healthy males and thus may invoke all the physiologic
adaptations of resistance and endurance training at once.
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Lindbäck, Kristoffer. "Finger flexion and wrist extensor capacities in swedish climbers, related to strength, endurance and injury." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för idrottsmedicin, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-177022.
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Climbing is a rapidly growing sport, and the inclusion in the 2021 Olympics will further push the popularity. The numerous originalities of Sport climbing (SC) is the intense use of finger, hands and forearms to displace the body on vertical to fully overhangning wall profiles. Therefore, climbers are prone to specific injuries different from many other sports, mainly located in the fingers and hand. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between finger flexion (FF) and wrist extension (WE) for force max (F-max) and force average (F-avg). Another aim of the study was to analyse the ratio between FF and WE in regards of injuries. A total of 26 climbers were tested on two separate occasions for underarm capacities in FF in a half crimped position and WE. Isometric contraction was measured for F-max during a three sec interval and anaerobic power, F-avg, during a 30 sec interval. Correlation between variables were analysed by linear regression and one way ANOVA was used to analyse previously injured vs non injured groups. Statistical significance was set at P = 0.05. This study found that climbers showed a significant relationship between FF and WE for both the F-max and 30s F-average tests R² > 0.30, P < 0.004. This can be valuable information for climbers and coaches for training. Furthermore an increased ratio was seen in more experienced climbers, and the same group also showed a higher prevalence of injuries than moderate climbers.
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Storck, Natalie. "Upper body strength and endurance and its relationship with freestyle swim performance in elite swimmers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33987.
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Background: Strength is considered an important part in swimming and is usually included in training programs for swimmers. However, studies assessing the relationship between muscle strength, muscle endurance and swim performance are not many and have showed different results. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between bench press, pull-up and 400 meter freestyle swim performance in elite swimmers. Method: The subjects (n=15, age 16-20) performed a one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press test to measure maximal muscle strength and to measure muscle endurance the subjects performed as many pull-up repetitions as possible during 30 seconds. A velocity four (V4) speed test was performed to assess swim performance by measuring time over covered distance and blood lactate levels. Results: The results of this study showed a moderate correlation (r=-0.54) between one repetition maximum in bench press and 400 meter freestyle swim performance. It showed a strong correlation (r=-0.63) between number of pull-ups repetitions during 30 seconds and 400 meter freestyle swim performance. Conclusion: These results suggest that upper body strength contributes to swim performance over 400 meter. The stronger correlation between pull-ups and swimming may indicate that muscle endurance of m. latissimus dorsi and the back muscles may be important to incorporate in a training program since it has shown to have a strong correlation with swim performance at 400 meters.Bakgrund: Styrka anses vara en viktig del i simning och är ofta inkluderat i träningsprogram för simmare. Dock har endast ett mindre antal studier undersökt relationen mellan muskelstyrka, muskel uthållighet och simprestation och de som har gjort det visar olika resultat. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera korrelationen mellan bänkpress, pull-ups och 400m simprestation hos elitsimmare. Metod: Deltagarna (n=15, ålder 16-20) utförde ett en repetition maximum (1RM) i bänkpress för att mäta maximal muskel styrka och för att mäta muskeluthållighet utförde deltagarna så många pull-ups repetitioner som möjligt under 30 sekunder. Ett velocity four (V4) hastighets test utfördes för att utvärdera simprestation genom att mäta tid över simmad distans och blod laktat värden. Resultat: Resultatet i denna studie visade på en moderat korrelation (r=-0,54) mellan en repetition maximum i bänkpress och 400 meter fristil simprestation. Den visade på en stark korrelation (r=-0,63) mellan antalet pull-ups repetitioner under 30 sekunder och 400 meter fristil simprestation. Konklusion: Dessa resultat tyder på att överkroppsstyrka bidrar till simprestation över 400 meter. Den starkare korrelationen mellan pull-ups och simning kan indikera att muskeluthållighet hos m. latisimus dorsi och ryggmusklerna kan vara viktigt att lägga in i ett träningsprogram då det visat på en stark korrelation till simprestation på distansen 400 meter.
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Fournier, Mathew. "Investigations into the Shear Strength Reduction method using distinct element models." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2492.
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This thesis reports a detailed investigation into the use of the Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) method to determine factor of safety values in discontinuum models using the Universal Distinct Element Code. The SSR method depends on the definition of failure within the model and two different criteria were compared: the numerical unbalanced force definition and a more qualitative displacement-monitoring based method. A parametric study was first undertaken, using a simple homogeneous rock slope, with three different joint networks representing common kinematic states. Lessons learned from this study were then applied to a more complex case history used for validation of the SSR method.
The discontinuum models allow for the failure surface to propagate based on constitutive models that better idealize the rockmass than simpler methods such as limit equilibrium (e.g. either method of slices or wedge solutions) and even numerical continuum models (e.g. finite difference, finite element). Joints are explicitly modelled and can exert a range of influences on the SSR result. Simple elasto-plastic models are used for both the intact rock and joint properties. Strain-softening models are also discussed with respect to the SSR method. The results presented highlight several important relationships to consider related to both numerical procedures and numerical input parameters.
The case history was modelled similar to how a typical forward analysis would be undertaken: i.e. simple models with complexities added incrementally. The results for this case generally depict a rotational failure mode with a reduced factor of safety due to the presence of joints within the rockmass when compared to a traditional limit equilibrium analysis. Some models with large persistence of steeply dipping joints were able to capture the actual failure surface. Softening models were employed in order to mimic the generation and propagation of joints through the rockmass in a continuum; however, only discontinuum models using explicitly defined joints in the model were able to capture the correct failure surface.
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Rudani, Manan Sureshbhai, and Hampus Ring. "Strength Analysis of Deployable Hangar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179926.
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It is of interest to investigate extended usability of Saab’s Deployable Aircraft Maintenance facility(DAM) with respect to Eurocode standards. One of the features of the deployable hangar is that it shouldcomply with the structural strength standards for permanent buildings which requires compliance withEurocodes.Eurocodes are European standards which deals with the development of building and structural design.Compliance with Eurocodes works as a proof of requirement for mechanical strength, stability andsafety of structures. The Eurocodes were created by the European Committee for Standardization withthe intent to simplify technical obstacles and enable trade within Europe and elsewhere.The thesis has resulted in the creation of a Finite Element Model (FE-Model) of the deployable hangar,for which different loading combinations have been applied. From the FE-results, trade-off curves havebeen generated that show the effect that the different loading conditions have on the differentcomponents of the hangar. This is done for the current configuration of the hangar and for differentproduct variants. The analysis includes the effects of increased load levels.From the trade-off curves it is possible to see to what extent the hangar can withstand increased load.This is being measured with a Eurocode ratio. It has been found that the Eurocode ratio is directlydependent on increase of loads i.e. increased loads give a linear increase in Eurocode ratio for most ofthe components studied. The product variants consists of different lengths of the hangar. From the studyit has been found that adding or removing sections does not have a substantial effect on the strength ofthe hangar and the Eurocode ratio mostly remains constant. In addition the most critical componentshave been found and design suggestions have been proposed to improve the strength of the hangarwithin compliance with Eurocodes.
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Valdez, Dennis. "Bilateral asymmetries in flexibility, stability, power, strength, and muscle endurance associated with preferred and nonpreferred leg." [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000812.
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Kwong, Man-wai Michael, and 鄺文偉. "The relationship between relative strength and relative endurance of students in a Hong Kong secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959453.
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Kwong, Man-wai Michael. "The relationship between relative strength and relative endurance of students in a Hong Kong secondary school." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18811486.
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Lam, Siu-wah Eric, and 林少華. "The effects of a 10-week strength training program on explosive strength, muscular endurance and aerobic capacity in 13- to 15-year-old boys." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257252.
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Lam, Siu-wah Eric. "The effects of a 10-week strength training program on explosive strength, muscular endurance and aerobic capacity in 13- to 15-year-old boys /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23476448.
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Holdgreve, Brooke Ann. "Core Muscle Endurance and Its Relationship to Functional Balance and Motor Play Skills in Kindergartners." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337972681.
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Kohn, Tertius A. "Characteristics and adaptation of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16517.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle adapts to stimuli by modifying structural and metabolic protein expression. Furthermore, a muscle group may vary within itself to accommodate specialisation in regions. Structural and metabolic characteristics of an individual are regulated partly by genotype, but contraction duration and intensity may play a greater role in muscle phenotype. The aims of this dissertation were to investigate: structural and metabolic regionalisation in a muscle group, possible relationships between training volume and intensity and hybrid fibres, muscle characteristics of athletes from two different ethnic groups, and muscle adaptation in already well-trained athletes subjected to high intensity interval training. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content and citrate synthase (CS) activities were measured in the Quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle of 18 female rats. Muscle was divided into superficial, middle and deep, distal, central and proximal parts. MHC IIb and IIx were more abundant in superficial regions (P < 0.05) with low CS activities compared to deeper parts. Isoform content varied along the length of deep regions. This study showed that the QF has regional specialisation. Therefore, standardisation of sampling site is important. Hybrid fibre proportions in muscle biopsies of 12 middle distance runners and 12 non-runners were investigated. MHC IIa/IIx correlated with training volume/week in runners (r = -0.66, P < 0.05) and MHC IIa/IIx correlated with exercise hours/week in non-runners (r = -0.72, P < 0.01). Average preferred racing distance (PRDA) correlated better with MHC IIa/IIx in runners (r = -0.85, P < 0.001). MHC IIa/IIx may therefore be more closely related to exercise intensity than previously thought. Fibre type characteristics and performance markers were investigated in 13 Xhosa and 13 Caucasian distance runners, matched for performance, training volume and PRDA. Xhosa runners had less MHC I and more MHC IIa fibres in muscle biopsies than Caucasian runners (P < 0.05). Xhosa runners had lower plasma lactate at 80% peak treadmill speed (PTS) (P < 0.05), but higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.01) and phosphofructokinase (P = 0.07) activities in homogenate muscle samples. LDH activities in MHC I (P = 0.05) and IIa (P < 0.05) fibre pools were higher in Xhosa runners. Xhosa athletes may thus have a genetic advantage or they may have adapted to running at a higher intensity. Six weeks of individually standardised high intensity interval treadmill training (HIIT) were investigated in 15 well-trained runners. PTS increased after HIIT (P < 0.01), while maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) only showed a tendency to have increased as a result of HIIT (P = 0.06). Sub-maximal tests showed lower plasma lactate at 64% PTS (P = 0.06), with lower heart rates at workloads from 64% to 80% PTS (P < 0.01) after HIIT. No changes were observed for cross-sectional area, capillary supply and enzyme activities in homogenates muscle samples. LDH activity showed a trend (P = 0.06) to have increased in MHC IIa pools after HIIT. Higher HIIT speed was related to decreases in MHC I fibres, but increases in MHC IIa/IIx fibres (r = -0.70 and r = 0.68, respectively, P < 0.05). Therefore, HIIT may alter muscle fibre composition in well-trained runners, with a concomitant improvement in performance markers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Skeletspier kan adapteer deur strukturele en metaboliese protein ekspressie te verander as gevolg van stimulante. ‘n Spiergroep kan ook intern verskil om spesialisering in spierdele toe te laat. Strukturele en metaboliese karaktereienskappe van ‘n individu word deels gereguleer deur gene, maar kontraksie tydperk en intensiteit mag ‘n groter rol speel in spierfenotipe. Die doelwitte van hierdie tesis was om ondersoek in te stel in: strukturele en metaboliese eienskappe in spiergroepstreke, moontlike verhoudings tussen oefeningsvolume of intensiteit en baster vesels, spier eienskappe in atlete van twee etniese groepe, en spier adaptasie in goed geoefende atlete blootgestel aan hoë intensiteit interval oefening. Miosien swaar ketting (MSK) isovorm inhoud en sitraat sintase (SS) aktiwiteite is gemeet in die Quadriceps femoris (QF) spier van 18 wyfie rotte. Spiere was opgedeel in oppervlakkig, middel en diep, asook distaal, sentraal en proksimale dele. MSK IIb en IIx was meer oorvloedig in oppervlakkige dele (P < 0.05) met lae SS aktiwiteite in vergelyking met dieper dele. Isovorm inhoud het ook verskil oor die lengte van diep dele. Dus bevat die QF gespesialiseerde streke en is die area van monsterneming belangrik. Baster vesel proporsies is ondersoek in spiermonsters van 12 middel afstand hardlopers en 12 niehardlopers. MSK IIa/IIx van hardlopers het met oefeningsvolume/week gekorreleer (r = -0.66, P < 0.05), asook MSK IIa/IIx van nie-hardlopers met oefeningsure/week (r = -0.72, P < 0.01). Gemiddelde voorkeur wedloop afstand (VWAG) het beter met MSK IIa/IIx gekorreleer in hardlopers (r = -0.85, P < 0.001). MSK IIa/IIx mag dus meer verwant wees aan oefeningsintensiteit. Veseltipe eienskappe en prestasie merkers was ondersoek in 13 Xhosa en 13 Caucasian langafstand atlete, geëweknie vir prestasie, oefeningsvolume en VMAG. Xhosa hardlopers het minder tipe I en meer tipe IIA vesels in hul spiermonsters gehad as die Caucasian hardlopers (P < 0.05). Xhosa hardlopers het laer plasma laktaat by 80% van hul maksimale trapmeul spoed (MTS) (P < 0.05), maar hoër laktaat dihidrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.01) en fosfofruktokinase (P = 0.07) aktiwiteite in homogene spiermonsters gehad. LDH aktiwiteite in MSK I (P = 0.05) en IIa (P < 0.05) veselbondels was hoër in Xhosa hardlopers. Xhosa atlete mag dus ‘n genetiese voorsprong geniet, of hulle het geadapteer om by hoër intensiteite te hardloop. Ses weke van geïndividualiseerde gestandardiseerde hoë intensiteit interval trapmeul oefening (HIIT) was ondersoek in 15 goed geoefende hardlopers. MTS het verhoog na HIIT (P < 0.01), en maksimale surrstof verbruik (VO2max) het ‘n neiging getoon om te verhoog het na HIIT (P = 0.07). Submaksimale toetse het laer plasma laktaat by 64% MTS getoon (P = 0.06), met laer harttempos by werkladings 64% tot 80% MTS (P < 0.01). Geen veranderings was gemerk vir deursnit area, kapillêre toevoer en ensiem aktiwiteite in homogene spiermonsters nie. LDH aktiwiteit het ‘n neiging getoon om te verhoog het (P = 0.06) in MSK IIa veselbondels na HIIT. Hoër HIIT snelhede was verwant aan ‘n daling in MSK I vesels, maar ‘n verhoging in MSK IIa/IIx vesels (r = -0.70 en r = 0.68, respektiwelik, P < 0.05). HIIT mag dus spier veseltipe verander in goed geoefende hardlopers, met gevolglike verbetering in prestasie merkers.
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Nolan, Ross Andrew. "Microstructure formability relationships in new generation high strength aluminium automotive alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/microstructure-formability-relationships-in-new-generation-high-strength-aluminium-automotive-alloys(726d2c33-f190-44b1-8ab8-854e69dc5ec4).html.
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The desire to reduce weight in automotive products is driven by a need to improve efficiency. As such, to allow further weight reduction, higher performance aluminium alloys are in demand for sheet metal body structures. Due to their high strength to weight ratio 7xxx alloys are seen as an ideal candidate for this, however their use to date has been limited by poor formability. Previous work indicated that by moving to high temperatures (>350°C) or by using a soft temper (W), good formability could be achieved but the samples required further heat treatment post-forming. This work explored the warm forming temperature range to improve formability whilst developing the required properties during processing. The performance of a 7xxx candidate alloy, 7021, has been assessed in stretching and drawing operations, both at room temperature and over the elevated temperature range of 150-250°C. The microstructure and other properties of the alloy were investigated in W, T4 and T6 tempers, before and after testing, through a range of techniques, including DSC, DMTA, SEM, EBSD and TEM.In the T4 temper, UTS and proof stress increased with temperature up to 190°C, due to dynamic precipitation. Increasing temperature only provided a modest increase in strain to failure for both the T4 and T6 temper. Cup height was not significantly improved in the warm forming temperature range during Erichsen cup testing. By deep drawing at 250°C it was possible to fully draw a cup (with an LDR of 2.2) in both the T4 and T6 temper of 7021, with both tempers having comparable post-forming hardness. This indicates that at 250°C the starting condition has no impact on drawability. Although full drawability is achieved at 250°C the final product would require further heat treatment if it were to replace 6016. However, by deep drawing 7021-T4 at 190°C, a fully formed cup was produced with a hardness between that of the T4 and T6 temper. The microstructure of the formed cup showed no grain boundary precipitation and a fine distribution of the strengthening phase η', suggesting there is a dynamic effect on the precipitation during deep drawing at this temperature. In conclusion, the work has shown that warm forming does not significantly improve stretching behaviour of 7021, but by using warm forming temperatures deep drawing is improved.
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Silva, Natalia Ribeiro da. "Efeito agudo do exercício aeróbio com diferentes volumes no desempenho de força em indivíduos fisicamente ativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-05042016-074313/.
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O treinamento concorrente (TC) é frequentemente utilizado por praticantes de atividades físicas e atletas com o intuito de desenvolver a força muscular e o condicionamento aeróbio. No entanto, essa estratégia de treinamento pode atenuar os ganhos de força e hipertrofia muscular em longo prazo, efeito este conhecido como fenômeno da interferência. Há indícios na literatura de que a magnitude da interferência pode ser dependente do volume em que o exercício aeróbio é realizado. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito do exercício aeróbio realizado com diferentes volumes no desempenho agudo de força máxima e de resistência de força dos membros inferiores. Homens fisicamente ativos (n=21) foram submetidos a seis condições experimentais realizadas em ordem aleatória, sendo três sessões de exercício aeróbio com volumes distintos (3km, 5km e 7km) seguidas pelo teste de força dinâmica máxima (1RM) e outras três sessões de exercício aeróbio com os volumes distintos seguidas pelo teste de resistência de força (4 séries de repetições máximas a 80% 1RM). Para o exercício aeróbio foi realizada a corrida contínua em esteira rolante a 90% do limiar anaeróbio (Lan) e os testes de força foram realizados no exercício leg press 45o. Para a comparação dos valores de 1RM, volume total (VT) e número de repetições máximas (NRM) da sessão de treinamento de força (TF) foi realizada uma análise de modelo misto tendo os volumes do exercício aeróbio como fator fixo e sujeitos como fator aleatório. Testes post-hoc com ajustamento de Tukey foram utilizados para comparações múltiplas. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Não foram observadas diferenças nos valores de 1RM entre as condições. O VT e NRM das condições de 5km e 7km foram menores quando comparados com a condição controle. Ao passo que, o VT da condição de 7km foi menor em relação ao VT das condições de 3km e 5km; e o NRM da condição de 7km foi menor em relação ao NRM da condição de 3km. Não foram observadas diferenças no VT e NRM entre as condições de 3km e controle e entre as condições de 3km e 5km. Em conclusão, o desempenho da resistência de força foi prejudicado após a realização do exercício aeróbio e a ocorrência e a magnitude desta interferência dependeram do volume em que o exercício aeróbio foi realizado. Adicionalmente, o desempenho da força dinâmica máxima não foi prejudicado pela realização prévia do exercício aeróbioConcurrent training (CT) is frequently utilized by physically active individuals and athletes in order to develop muscle strength and aerobic fitness. However, this training strategy may result in attenuation of the gains on strength and muscle hypertrophy in long term. This effect has been referred to as the interference phenomenon. There are indications that the magnitude of this interference may be dependent on the volume that aerobic exercise is performed. Thus, the aim of the present study was to verify the effect of aerobic exercise performed with different volumes on the acute performance of lower limbs maximum strength and strength endurance. Physically active men (n=21) were submitted to six experimental conditions performed in random order, three aerobic exercise sessions with different volumes (3km, 5km and 7km) followed by the maximum dynamic strength (1RM) test and three aerobic exercise sessions with different volumes followed by strength endurance test (4 sets of maximum repetitions at 80% 1RM). The aerobic exercise was a continuous treadmill run at 90% of the anaerobic threshold (AT) and all strength tests were performed in the leg press 45o. A mixed-model analysis with the volumes of aerobic exercise as a fixed factor and subject as a random factor was performed to compare 1RM values, total volume (TV) and maximum number of repetitions (MNR) of the strength training (ST) session. Post-hoc tests with Tukey adjustments were used for multiple comparisons. The significance level adopted was 5%. No differences were observed in 1RM values among conditions. The TV and MNR of the 5km and 7km conditions were lower when compared to the control condition. The TV of the 7km condition was lower than the 3km and 5km conditions; and the MNR of the 7km condition was lower than the 3km condition. No differences were observed in TV and MNR between the 3km and control conditions and between the 3km and 5km conditions. In conclusion, strength endurance performance was impaired when performed after aerobic exercise and the magnitude of this interference depended on the volume of the aerobic exercise. In addition, maximum dynamic strength performance was not affected by prior execution of aerobic exercise
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Laskin, James Jay. "Physiological adaptations to concurrent muscular strength and aerobic endurance training in functionally active adults with a physical disability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60316.pdf.
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Fiolo, Nicholas. "The Effect of Periodized Strength Training and Periodized Concurrent Training on Running Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3349.
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The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the changes in preparedness over the course of training for a marathon in two well-trained runners. The athletes completed periodized strength training or a periodized concurrent training. This dissertation consisted of two separate investigations:
Study 1 – The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in force production ability and running performance in one sub-elite marathon runner before, during, and after undertaking a short-term block periodized strength training program. The athlete ceased strength training during the off-seasons and resumed testing after 10. The athlete experienced likely true, meaningful changes in force production characteristics during the taper after the training program. Improvements in force production characteristics coincided with improvements in running economy. Both force production characteristics and running economy reversed after the withdraw from strength training. However, both measures remained improved from initial baseline. The improvement in running economy and force production likely coincided with a cardiovascular de-training period, due to a reduction in aerobic training during the off-season. Therefore, strength training may have independent effects on running economy and running performance. These results indicate that endurance runners may better optimize performance by improving force production characteristics via periodized strength training program, and should avoid prolonged periods without strength training.
Study 2 – The purpose of this study was to monitor the concurrent and divergent changes in athlete preparedness and performance over a competitive training cycle in two marathon athletes. One athlete added a block periodized strength training program to a non-periodized endurance training program (NBP Athlete). The other athlete (BP Athlete) completed an integrated, concurrent block periodized program using HIT over-reach endurance training. Both athlete displayed improvements in running performance and running economy over the duration of the monitoring program. The BP Athlete displayed earlier and greater magnitudes of performance improvements. These results indicate that strength training can enhance running economy in marathon athletes, performance may be better optimized through periodized integration of strength and endurance training, and the use of HIT over-reach blocks may improve marathon relevant fitness characteristic within the ecologically valid context of an athlete’s training cycle.
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Kroff, Jacolene. "The relationship between respiratory muscle fatigue, core stability, kinanthropometric attributes and endurance performance in competitive kayakers." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1079.
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Olsson, Malin. "Core endurance and correlation to spinal rotation mobility and hand grip strength in female horseback riders and soccer players." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42363.
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Bakgrund: Bålstabilitet är nödvändigt för att hålla balansen och möjliggör kraftöverföring genom kroppen. Detta gör bålstabilitet viktigt i vardagliga sysslor, sportutföranden och för att minska risken för skada. En bättre förståelse över bålstabiliteten i olika sporter kan utveckla träningsprogram, inte bara för att förbättra bålstabiliteten, utan även för att förbättra den generella prestationen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skillnader i båluthållighet mellan unga kvinnliga ryttare och fotbollsspelare, och associationen med handgrepp styrka och rotationsrörlighet i ryggen. Metod: Båluthålligheten undersöktes med McGill’s båluthållighets test, mellan kvinnliga ryttare (n = 10) och fotbollsspelare (n = 10), ålder 16 – 20. Handgreppsstyrkan undersöktes med en handdynamometer och användes som en indikation av generell styrka. Ryggrotations testet undersöktes men en Myrinmätare. Shapiro-Wilks användes för att bekräfta normalfördelning av data. Oberoende t-test användes för att jämföra båluthållighet (sek.) mellan ryttarna och fotbollsspelarna. Signifikansnivån fastställdes till <0,05. Ett styrkeförhållande räknades ut (kg/kg kroppsvikt) och Pearsons korrelationskoefficient användes sedan för att undersöka associationen med båluthållighet (sek.). Pearsons korrelationskoefficient användes också för att undersöka associationen mellan medelvärdet av ryggrotation (°) och båluthållighet (sek.). Hög korrelation fastställdes när r> (0,7), måttlig korrelation när r = (0,3 – 0,7) och låg korrelation när r <0,3. Resultat: Resultaten visade att ryttarna hade bättre uthållighet i bålextensionen, jämfört med fotbollsspelarna (p = 0,006). Lateralflexionen av bålen visade ingen skillnad mellan ryttarna och fotbollsspelarna (p = 0,924; p = 0,423). Handgrepp styrkan visade måttlig korrelation med bålextensionen (r = 0,631; r² = 0,398) och båda sidor av lateralflexionen av bålen (r = 0,411; r² = 0,169; r = 0,615; r² = 0,378). Rotationsrörligheten i ryggen visade låg korrelation med samtliga båluthållighets tester (r >0,3). Slutsats: Resultaten indikerar få skillnader mellan ryttare och fotbollsspelare, vilket inte är tillräckligt för att fastställa någon slutsats. Korrelationen mellan handgreppsstyrkan och båluthållighet indikerar att bättre bålstabilitet associerar med mer generell styrka.Background: Core stability is necessary to keep balance and enables force to be transmitted through the body. This makes core stability important in everyday chores, sport performance and to reduce risk of injuries. A better understanding of the core stability in different sports can develop athletes training programs, not only to improve the core stability itself, but also to improve overall performance. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the differences in core endurance between young female horseback riders and soccer players, and the core endurance association with hand grip strength and spinal rotation mobility. Methods: The McGill’s core endurance test was used to examine the core endurance between female horseback riders (n = 10) and soccer players (n = 10), age 16-20. The hand grip strength was examined with a hand grip dynamometer and was used to get an indication of overall body strength. The spinal rotation mobility was examined with a Myrin goniometer. Shapiro-Wilks was used to confirm the normality of the data. Independent sample t-test was used to compare core endurance time (sec.) between the horseback riders and the soccer players. The significant level was set at < 0.05. A strength ratio was calculated (kg/kg body weight), and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for examining the association to core endurance (sec.). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was also used to examine the association between the spinal rotation mobility (°) and core endurance (sec.). High correlations were set at r > (0.7), moderate when r = (0.3- 0.7) and low when r < (0.3). Results: The result showed that horseback riders had better endurance in the trunk extensor test than the soccer players (p = 0.006). Hand grip strength showed moderate correlation with the endurance time of the trunk extensor test (r = 0.631, r² = 0.398), and with the lateral flexor tests (r = 0.411, r² = 0.169; r = 0.615, r² = 0.378). Low correlation was shown with the trunk flexor test (r = 0.197, r² = 0.039). The spinal rotation mobility test showed low correlation with all the core endurance tests (r >0.3). Conclusion: The results indicates few differences between the horseback riders and the soccer players, which is not enough to draw a conclusion. The correlation between hand grip strength and the core endurance tests indicates that a better core stability might be associated to an increased overall body strength.
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De, Beer Caroline Rubine. "Upper limb muscle strength and endurance as predictors of successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients : a predictive correlational study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78313.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanical ventilation temporarily replaces or supports breathing in the critically ill patient. Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with an increase in nosocomial infections, respiratory muscle weakness and intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Since the inception of mechanical ventilators, successful weaning and extubation failure has always been a challenge that physiotherapists, nurses and physicians grapple with. Due to the complexity of determining extubation readiness 10% to 20% of patients still fail extubation and therefore predictors for successful extubation are paramount. Different parameters including, rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) were used to predict extubation readiness, but none could be used in isolation. Failed extubation increases the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, the hospital length of stay, the financial costs and it decreases the patient’s functional ability, muscle strength and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Early mobilisation and rehabilitation according to a patient centred program are essential to decrease the development of peripheral muscle weakness and respiratory muscle weakness. Previous research studies demonstrated associations between respiratory muscle weakness and peripheral muscle weakness as well as possible associations between successful extubation, exercise endurance and upper limb muscle strength respectively.
The aim of this study was to determine if upper limb muscle strength and exercise endurance can be used by physiotherapists as predictors of successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients. The statistical objective of this study was to develop a prediction equation based on upper limb muscle strength and exercise endurance for outcome of extubation.
A total of 463 patients were recruited from the medical and trauma ICU’s of a large Academic hospital. Fifty seven of these patients were eligible for testing. Peripheral and respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using the Oxford grading scale, Medical Research Council score (MRC-score), handgrip dynamometer and MIP. Exercise endurance was tested while patients were riding the MOTOmed® letto2 cycle ergometer for six minutes with the upper limbs.
In an attempt to determine whether upper limb muscle strength and exercise endurance can predict successful extubation, a prediction equation was developed. Univariable logistic analysis was performed to identify the marginal significant and significant factors to be included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis to develop the final prediction equation. The predictive ability of the prediction equation was assessed using cross validation. Testing was based on a 0.05 level of significance. Data analysis employed STATA version 15.1 software.
The results demonstrated that the exercise endurance (time the patient rode actively) (P = 0.005), general body muscle strength (MRC-score: P = 0.007) and number of days ventilated (P = 0.005) were associated with successful extubation. The handgrip strength (P = 0.061), MIP (P = 0.095) and muscle strength of the sternocleidomastoid (P = 0.053) and trapezius muscles (P = 0.075) were marginally associated with successful extubation. The muscle strength of the deltoid (P = 0.273) and pectoralis major muscles (P = 0.327) were not significantly associated with successful extubation. Due to multicollinearity between muscle strength and exercise endurance, elimination of factors were done. The newly developed prediction equation only included the exercise endurance and the number of days ventilated as the other factors did not contribute to the predictive value of the equation. This newly developed prediction equation had a sensitivity of 81.82% and a specificity of 77.14% to predict successful extubation.
Conclusion: Exercise endurance can be used as predictor of successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients when physiotherapists apply the newly developed prediction equation ŷ = -1.0064 – (0.17 x active time) + (0.230 x ventilator days) and the value for ŷ is less than or equal to -0.282. Theoretically the equation indicated that if the number of days the patient is ventilated decrease and the exercise endurance increase the risk to fail extubation will decrease. Clinically, successful extubation reduce the ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay and the development of ICU-AW. It increases the patients’ functional level and HRQOL, therefore the findings of this study have the potential to impact positively on patient outcomes.Thesis (PhD (Physiotherapy)) University of Pretoria, 2020.
CCSSA
Physiotherapy
PhD (Physiotherapy)
Unrestricted
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Engin, Volkan. "Comparison Of Factor Of Safety Obtained From Limit Equilibrium Methods With Strength Reduction Factors In Finite Element Modeling." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614096/index.pdf.
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Designing with Limit Equilibrium Methods involve a factor of safety (FS) in order to
maintain the stability and to keep the resisting structure away from limit state on
the safe side. Finite Element Program (such as Plaxis) on the other hand, instead of
an FS, reduces the shear strength of the soil by introducing a reduction factor that is
applied to tan
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Day, Joseph M. "Scapular Muscle Assessment in Patients with Lateral Epicondylalgia." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/16.
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The role rehabilitation plays in the management of patients with lateral epicondylalgia (LE) remains elusive secondary to high recurrence rates. Addressing scapular muscle deficits may be important in the rehabilitation of patients with LE. However, it is unknown if scapular muscle impairments exist in a working population of patients with LE. The purpose of this dissertation was to assess scapular muscle strength and endurance in a working population of patients with LE.
Clinical scapular muscle assessment tools are limited in their ability to isolate specific muscles. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) is a potentially useful tool but few studies have investigated its utility. Absolute muscle thickness measurements were obtained on healthy individuals for the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) under three conditions (arm at rest, arm elevated with a low load, arm elevated with a high load). For both the LT and SA, a significant distinction could be made in muscle thickness between rest and a loaded condition but not between the two load conditions. Furthermore, excellent reliability was demonstrated for both muscles.
It is unknown whether arm dominance plays a role in scapular muscle assessments. Therefore, healthy individuals between the ages of 30 and 65 were recruited to compare the effect of arm dominance on scapular muscle strength, endurance, and change in thickness measured by RUSI. Results indicate that arm dominance does significantly affect some measures of scapular muscle strength and endurance. However, the differences between the dominant and non-dominant limbs were not beyond measurement error.
Scapular muscle strength, endurance, and change in muscle thickness of the LT and SA were assessed in 28 patients presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with LE. LT strength, SA strength, middle trapezius strength, endurance, and change in SA thickness were significantly less in patients with LE compared to matched controls. SA and LT strength were significantly less in the involved limb compared to the uninvolved limb in patients with LE. The results suggest that assessing scapular muscle endurance as well as LT and SA strength is indicated when evaluating patients with LE, and the results should be compared to normative data.
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Blankenship, Jonathan Dale. "The Relationship of Strength (IPF(N), IPFkg) Compared to Running Endurance (VO2 and time to Exhaustion) in Recreationally Competitive Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/143.
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The method of training for long distance running has been to build up to the actual run distance and to keep similar volume. Although this is great for cardio it neglects the strength aspect of running. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine leg strength and compare it to running endurance (VO2) among male recreational runners, in order to determine any relationship. Methods: The subjects will be tested primarily on two pieces of equipment. The isometric mid-thigh clean pull apparatus which is used to measure a subject’s leg strength. The VO2 max machine will be used to determine a subject’s maximum oxygen consumption. BMI will be calculated to correlate it with time to exhaustion. The results of this study, when compared, will show how strength relates to endurance of runners. The subject’s characteristics and subject data were expressed in averages and standard deviations. Pearson Correlations were performed comparing the strength in relation to endurance (VO2) for total test duration. The Pearson Correlations were further broken into three stages that every subject finished. Stage 2, 3, and 4 were then analyzed to find relationships among strength and endurance among those stages. Finally, standard correlations will be done on subject data averages to find the relationship to time of exhaustion. Results: The average age of the 12 subjects that participated was 37.17 years with a standard deviation of 7.50 years. The average BMI (kg/m2) was 25.55 with a standard deviation of 3.13. The average time to exhaustion was 2 minutes and 03 seconds with a standard deviation of 4 minutes and 56 seconds. The strength in relation to endurance for total test duration is as followed. The strength IPF had a large positive correlation of 0.72 with max absolute VO2. The characteristic IPFkg had a large positive correlation of 0.60 with max relative VO2. The strength characteristics in relation to endurance characteristics that are broken up into the upper stages, which were completed by everyone, are as followed. In 2nd stage the subjects walked 2.5 mph with a 12% incline that lasted from the 3 to 6 minute marker. The IPF had a large positive correlation of 0.54 with absolute VO2 in this stage. The IPFkg on the other hand had a very small negative correlation of -0.03.During stage 3 the subjects walked 3.4mph with 14% incline that lasted from 6 to 9 minute marker. The IPF had a moderate positive correlation of 0.45 in relation to absolute VO2. The strength characteristic of IPFkg had a small negative correlation of -0.19 in relation to relative VO2kg. During stage 4 the subjects reached a jog at 3.4 mph with a 16% incline that lasted from the 9 to 12 minute marker. There was a large positive correlation of 0.65 when comparing IPF to absolute VO2. A small positive correlation was found among the subjects when comparing IPFkg to relative VO2kg. Body mass index (BMI) had a perfect negative correlation of-1.00 when correlated with time to exhaustion. Conclusion: Strength and Body Mass Index (BMI) has an effect on running endurance at walking speeds. This improvement during walking speeds is important because not every runner will be operating at maximal intensity during longer runners. The runner may actually be at a walk or slow jog which is a sub-maximal intensity, or sub-VO2.
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Cichocki, Paul F. "Application of Highly Modified Asphalt (HiMA) Binders in Implementation and Thickness Optimization of Perpetual Pavements in Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438354931.
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Smith, Michael M. "Effects of Neural Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Endothelial Function on Ventriculovascular Coupling Efficiency in Resistance and Endurance Trained Athletes." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1335984673.
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Vardanega, Paul Joseph. "Strength mobilisation for geotechnical design & its application to bored piles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610440.
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South, Mark A., Andrew S. Layne, N. Travis Triplett, William A. Sands, Satoshi Mizuguchi, W. Guy Hornsby, Ashley Kavanaugh, and Michael H. Stone. "Effects of Short‐Term Free‐Weight and Semi‐block Periodization Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5094.
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The effects of short-term resistance training on performance and health variables associated with prolonged sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome (MS) were investigated. Resistance training may alter a number of health-related, physiological, and performance variables. As a result, resistance training can be used as a valuable tool in ameliorating the effects of a sedentary lifestyle including those associated with MS. Nineteen previously sedentary subjects (10 with MS and 9 with nonmetabolic syndrome [NMS]) underwent 8 weeks of supervised resistance training. Maximum strength was measured using an isometric midthigh pull and resulting force-time curve. Vertical jump height (JH) and power were measured using a force plate. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and type were examined using muscle biopsy and standard analysis techniques. Aerobic power was measured on a cycle ergometer using a ParvoMedics 2400 Metabolic system. Endurance was measured as time to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. After training, maximum isometric strength, JH, jump power, and V_ O2peak increased by approximately 10% (or more) in both the metabolic and NMS groups (both male and female subjects). Over 8 weeks of training, body mass did not change statistically, but percent body fat decreased in subjects with the MS and in women, and lean body mass increased in all groups (p # 0.05). Few alterations were noted in the fiber type. Men had larger CSAs compared those of with women, and there was a fiber-specific trend toward hypertrophy over time. In summary, 8 weeks of semiblock free-weight resistance training improved several performance variables and some cardiovascular factors associated with MS
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Day, Stephen Howard. "The influence of circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype on endurance and strength performance in previously sedentary humans." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418944.
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Blombäck, Erik. "Samband mellan testosteron, DHEAS, kroppskomposition och fysiska kapaciteter hos unga kvinnliga fotbollsspelare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-76830.
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Testosterone is a steroid and anabolic hormone found in all mammals. Previous research indicates that testosterone levels correlates with physical capacities related to physical performance. However, these studies refers only to men and boys. The aim of present study was therefore to investigate the potential relationship between body composition, strength, power and endurance capabilities in relation to blood levels of testosterone and DHEAS in young female football players. Seventeen female elite football (age: 15,4 ± 0,6, body mass: 57,2 ± 7,4kg, height 1,65 ±0,04m) players volunteered for the study. Morning levels of testosterone were plotted against results of Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Biodex isokinetic dynamometer, maximal counter movement jump, drop jump, 10 and 20 meters sprints and aerobic fitness (Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test). Testosterone levels were significant correlated with DHEAS as well as bone density (BMD) in L1-L4 (p <0,01) and whole body (WB) BMD (p <0,05). DHEAS also correlated with BMD in L1-L4 and WB (p <0,05). No correlations were found between testosterone, DHEAS and performance capacities. These results suggest that DHEAS predict the level of testosterone and BMD in young women. However, more research is needed to clarify the relationship between testosterone, DHEAS and physical capacities in a larger group of women.
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Lundberg, Tommy. "The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Human Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Resistance Exercise." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21917.
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Aerobic exercise (AE) may interfere with muscle adaptations induced by resistance exercise (RE). Three experimental campaigns were conducted to explore the influence of AE on molecular, functional and muscular adaptations to acute and chronic RE. Twenty-nine men performed unilateral knee extensor RE preceded by AE (AE+RE). The contralateral leg did RE only. First, the influence of acute AE on muscle molecular responses to RE performed 6 h later was studied. Subsequently, this exercise regimen was implemented over 5 weeks training. The relationships between acute and chronic outcomes were examined and molecular responses to acute exercise were assessed in untrained and trained muscle. Finally, acute and chronic responses to AE+RE, interspersed by only 15 min recovery, were investigated.Phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K was greater after AE+RE than after RE. In parallel, myostatin was suppressed for a longer time after AE+RE. These results suggest that AE+RE enhance skeletal muscle anabolic environment more than RE alone (Paper I). After 5 weeks training, improvements in muscle strength and power were similar across legs. However, AE+RE prompted a greater increase in muscle size than RE, suggesting that AE potentiates the hypertrophic stimulus to RE training without altering muscle function progress (Paper II). Consistent with changes in whole-muscle size, AE+RE showed greater anabolic molecular responses than RE. As chronic training blunted this effect, it appears that AE offers a synergistic hypertrophic stimulus to RE only during short-term training (Paper III). Although putative regulators of hypertrophy such as p70S6K, myostatin and PGC-1a4 were examined, no molecular marker correlated with changes in muscle size, strength or power induced by training. Hence, this study challenges the concept that single molecular markers are viable predictors of training-induced muscle adaptations (Paper III–IV). When recovery time between exercise bouts was reduced to 15 min, AE+RE still produced a more substantial increase in muscle size than RE. However, progression of concentric strength was blunted. Thus, while restored muscle function between exercise bouts is a prerequisite for achieving maximal gains in strength and power, incomplete recovery appears not to compromise muscle hypertrophy (Paper V).Collectively, the results suggest that outcomes of AE+RE are impacted by chronic training and time allowed for recovery between exercise modes. Yet, the current study offers no support to the view that AE interferes with muscle hypertrophy induced by RE.